Camel spin: Difference between revisions

**Figure skating element**
Figure skating element
Element name	Camel spin
Alternative name	Parallel spin
Scoring abbreviation	CSp
Element type	Spin

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The camel spin (also called the parallel spin) is one of the three basic figure skating spin positions. British figure skater Cecilia Colledge was the first to perform it. The camel spin, for the first ten years after it was created, was performed mostly by women, although American skater Dick Button performed the first forward camel spin, a variation of the camel spin, and made it a regular part of the repertoire performed by male skaters. The camel spin is executed on one foot, and is an adaptation of the ballet pose the arabesque to the ice. When the camel spin is executed well, the stretch of the skater's body creates a slight arch or straight line. Skaters increase the difficulty of camel spins in a variety of ways.

Description

The camel spin is one of the three basic figure skating spin positions. British figure skater Cecilia Colledge was the first to perform it, in the mid-1930s.^[1]^[2]^[3] The camel spin, also called the "parallel spin",^[4] was borrowed directly from the ballet pose the arabesque, but adapted to the ice.^[5] Writer Ellyn Kestnbaum speculates that the camel and layback spins, which "heightened the visual function of the skater creating interesting shapes with her body",^[2] were, for the first ten years after their inventions, performed mostly by women because it is easier for women to achieve the interesting shapes they create than it is for men.^[6] American skater Dick Button, however, performed the first forward camel spin, a variation of the camel spin, and made it a regular part of the repertoire performed by male skaters.^[7]

The most important difference between the sit spin and the camel spin is that the skater enters the sit spin directly instead of first developing a slow part at the beginning of the entry.^[8] The camel spin is executed on one foot, with the torso and the free leg stretched in opposite directions, parallel to the ice at hip level in a position similar to the arabesque position. The skater's skating leg is slightly bent or straight, their body is bent forward, and their free leg is bent upward or extended on a horizontal line or higher. When executed well, the stretch of their body should create a slight arch or straight line. Camel spins tend to rotate more slowly than other spins because the circumference of the camel spin's rotation is much greater than in other spin positions, so a prolonged and fast camel spin requires a great deal of technique and skill.^[4]^[9]

The preparation and entry phases of the camel spin are similar to preparation and entry phases of the upright spin. At the end of the entry, the skater begins to spin by executing small circles on the backward inside edge of the skate while their shoulders and hips rotate at the same angular velocity. Their skating knee extends and their body rises in a locked position. Then the body stretches upward toward the head and neck while the skating leg, which is locked and straight, pushes forward.^[1]^[10] The International Skating Union (ISU), the governing body that oversees figure skating, states that if the angle between the shin of the skating leg and the skater's thigh is less than approximately 120 degrees, the position is considered a sit spin. If the waist line is not horizontal and/or the core of the skater's body is more than 45 degrees above the horizontal line, the position is considered an upright spin.^[11]

Variations

Skaters increase the difficulty of camel spins in the following ways: they turn their upper body (the shoulder and the head) upwards and facing up so that the line of their shoulders is at least 45 degrees past the vertical point of the shape they are attempting to form; turning their bodies either horizontally or sideways, with their head and free foot nearly touching (called a doughnut or ring), with half a blade between their head and blade; turning their body almost horizontally while pulling the heel of their boot with their hand above their head; turning their body forward to their spinning leg and their free leg extended backward and upward up to almost a full split, but with the angle between their thighs at about 180 degrees.^[11]

Gallery

Camel spin
(Sandro Halank)
Donut spin
(Satoko Miyahara)
Bent-leg layover camel spin
(Yuna Kim)
Swinging camel spin
(Alena Leonova)
Flying camel spin
(Robert Bradshaw)
Pairs camel spin
(Valentina Plazas & Maximiliano Fernandez)

References

^ ^a ^b Hines, p. 103
^ ^a ^b Kestnbaum, p. 107
^ Hines, p. 112
^ ^a ^b Kestnbaum, p. 280
^ Petkevich, p. 150
^ Kestnbaum, pp. 107–108
^ Kestnbaum, p. 93
^ Cabell and Bateman, p. 26
^ ISU 2334, p. 4
^ Cabell and Bateman, p. 25
^ ^a ^b ISU 2334, p. 5

Works cited

Cabell, Lee and Erica Bateman (2018). "Biomechanics in Figure Skating". In Jason D. Vescovi and Jaci L. VanHeest (Eds.) The Science of Figure Skating, pp. 13–34. New York: Routledge Publishing. ISBN 978-1-138-22986-0
"Communication No. 2334: Single and Pair Skating". (ISU 2334) Lausanne, Switzerland: International Skating Union. 8 July 2020. Retrieved 29 July 2022.
Hines, James R. (2006) Figure Skating: A History. Urbana, Illinois: University of Illinois Press. ISBN 978-0-252-07286-4.
Kestnbaum, Ellyn (2003). Culture on Ice: Figure Skating and Cultural Meaning. Middletown, Connecticut: Wesleyan University Press. ISBN 0-8195-6641-1.

External links

YouTube clip of Yuna Kim performing camel spins. Retrieved 4 August 2022.

[hines-103-1] Hines, p. 103

[kestnbaum-107-2] Kestnbaum, p. 107

[3] Hines, p. 112

[kestnbaum-280-4] Kestnbaum, p. 280

[5] Petkevich, p. 150

[6] Kestnbaum, pp. 107–108

[kestnbaum-93-7] Kestnbaum, p. 93

[8] Cabell and Bateman, p. 26

[9] ISU 2334, p. 4

[10] Cabell and Bateman, p. 25

[ISU2334-5-11] ISU 2334, p. 5

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[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

[7]

[8]

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+{{Short description|Figure skating spin position}}
 {{Infobox Figure Skating Element
 |image= Camel spin.png
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 |disciplines=
 }}
+The '''camel spin''' (also called the '''parallel spin)''' is one of the three basic [[Figure skating spins|figure skating spin]] positions. British figure skater [[Cecilia Colledge]] was the first to perform it. The camel spin, for the first ten years after it was created, was performed mostly by women, although American skater [[Dick Button]] performed the first '''forward camel spin''', a variation of the camel spin, and made it a regular part of the repertoire performed by male skaters. The camel spin is executed on one foot, and is an adaptation of the [[ballet]] pose the [[Arabesque (ballet position)|arabesque]] to the ice. When the camel spin is executed well, the stretch of the skater's body creates a slight arch or straight line. Skaters increase the difficulty of camel spins in a variety of ways.
+== Description ==
-A '''camel spin''', also known in Europe as a '''parallel spin''', is one of the three basic [[figure skating spins]], along with the [[sit spin]] and [[upright spin]]. The basic camel spin position is defined as one in which the free leg is extended backwards with the knee held above hip level.<ref>{{PDFlink|1=[http://isu.sportcentric.net/db//files/serve.php?id=482 ISU Communication No. 1445]}}</ref>
+[[File:Narodowe-archiwum-cyfrowe-1-m-1343-1.jpg|thumb|[[Cecilia Colledge]], 1938]]
+The camel spin is one of the three basic [[Figure skating spins|figure skating spin]] positions. British figure skater [[Cecilia Colledge]] was the first to perform it, in the mid-1930s.<ref name="hines-103">Hines, p. 103</ref><ref name="kestnbaum-107">Kestnbaum, p. 107</ref><ref>Hines, p. 112</ref> The camel spin, also called the "parallel spin",<ref name="kestnbaum-280">Kestnbaum, p. 280</ref> was borrowed directly from the [[ballet]] pose the [[Arabesque (ballet position)|arabesque]], but adapted to the ice.<ref>Petkevich, p. 150</ref> Writer Ellyn Kestnbaum speculates that the camel and [[Layback spin|layback spins]], which "heightened the visual function of the skater creating interesting shapes with her body",<ref name="kestnbaum-107" /> were, for the first ten years after their inventions, performed mostly by women because it is easier for women to achieve the interesting shapes they create than it is for men.<ref>Kestnbaum, pp. 107–108</ref> American skater [[Dick Button]], however, performed the first '''forward''' camel spin, a variation of the camel spin, and made it a regular part of the repertoire performed by male skaters.<ref name="kestnbaum-93">Kestnbaum, p. 93</ref>
-==History==
+The most important difference between the [[sit spin]] and the camel spin is that the skater enters the sit spin directly instead of first developing a slow part at the beginning of the entry.<ref>Cabell and Bateman, p. 26</ref> The camel spin is executed on one foot, with the torso and the free leg stretched in opposite directions, parallel to the ice at hip level in a position similar to the arabesque position. The skater's skating leg is slightly bent or straight, their body is bent forward, and their free leg is bent upward or extended on a horizontal line or higher. When executed well, the stretch of their body should create a slight arch or straight line. Camel spins tend to rotate more slowly than other spins because the circumference of the camel spin's rotation is much greater than in other spin positions, so a prolonged and fast camel spin requires a great deal of technique and skill.<ref name="kestnbaum-280"/><ref>ISU 2334, p. 4</ref>
-Most sources credit the invention of the camel spin to British skater [[Cecilia Colledge]], who first performed it successfully in competition in 1935. Like the [[layback spin]], also invented by Colledge, the camel was originally considered a move for women only.
+The preparation and entry phases of the camel spin are similar to preparation and entry phases of the [[upright spin]]. At the end of the entry, the skater begins to spin by executing small circles on the backward inside edge of the skate while their shoulders and hips rotate at the same angular velocity. Their skating knee extends and their body rises in a locked position. Then the body stretches upward toward the head and neck while the skating leg, which is locked and straight, pushes forward.<ref name="hines-103" /><ref>Cabell and Bateman, p. 25</ref> The [[International Skating Union]] (ISU), the governing body that oversees figure skating, states that if the angle between the shin of the skating leg and the skater's thigh is less than approximately 120 degrees, the position is considered a sit spin. If the waist line is not horizontal and/or the core of the skater's body is more than 45 degrees above the horizontal line, the position is considered an [[upright spin]].<ref name="ISU2334-5">ISU 2334, p. 5</ref>
-The origin of the spin's name is disputed. Most authorities believe that the name originated when a skater performed the spin with her upper body and free leg drooping down, giving the illusion of a hunched camel. According to figure skating coach [[Gustave Lussi]], the spin was invented not by Cecilia Colledge but by an Australian skater named Campbell, thus explaining that "Campbell spin" became afflicted into "camel spin".
+===Variations===
-The Grafström spin may predate the invention of the "regular" camel spin. Although it is named after [[Gillis Grafström]], its best practitioner is said to be [[Czechoslovakia]]n skater [[Otto Gold]], who won the silver medal at the 1930 [[European Figure Skating Championships]].
+Skaters increase the difficulty of camel spins in the following ways: they turn their upper body (the shoulder and the head) upwards and facing up so that the line of their shoulders is at least 45 degrees past the vertical point of the shape they are attempting to form; turning their bodies either horizontally or sideways, with their head and free foot nearly touching (called a '''doughnut''' or '''ring'''), with half a blade between their head and blade; turning their body almost horizontally while pulling the heel of their boot with their hand above their head; turning their body forward to their spinning leg and their free leg extended backward and upward up to almost a full split, but with the angle between their thighs at about 180 degrees.<ref name="ISU2334-5"/>
+== Gallery ==
-[[Dick Button]] is credited with inventing the flying camel spin in the 1940s. It was originally known as the ''Button camel''.
-The "illusion spin" was accidentally invented by [[Jacqueline du Bief]] when she lost control on the entrance to a camel spin.
-Several female [[Pair skating|pair skaters]] have suffered head/face injuries after their partners accidentally drifted too close during side-by-side camel spins – [[Elena Berezhnaya]], [[Jessica Dubé]], [[Mandy Wötzel]], and [[Galina Efremenko|Galina Maniachenko]].
-== Variations ==
-*'''Flying''' camel spin – formerly known as a [[Dick Button|Button]] camel, initiated with a jump from a forward outside edge to a back camel spin.
-*'''Layover''' – performed by upturning the torso and free leg so that the skater's torso and free foot are pointing toward the ceiling, rather than toward the ice.  This spin is frequently seen in [[artistic roller skating]], where it is called a "layback spin" (but is distinct from the [[layback spin]] performed on ice).
-**'''Bent-leg layover''' – similar to a layover, except with a bent free leg. [[Josée Chouinard]]<ref>Beverley Smith, ''Figure Skating: A Celebration'', ISBN 0-7710-2819-9, page 252</ref> and [[Kim Yu-Na]] are among the best-known practitioners of this spin variation. Both have used it as one of their signature moves.   This spin has been called the "Yuna camel".<ref>"MBC Sports news (video)". iMBC.com. 2009. http://imnews.imbc.com/replay/nw1200/article/2282377_2769.html. Retrieved on 2009-2-09. (Korean)</ref>.
-*'''Catch-foot''' camel – performed by the skater grasping the free leg's blade with either hand. The skater's torso remains pointed toward the ice, and the free leg is held upward.  A catch-foot camel with free leg extended upwards is sometimes called a ''one-hand [[Biellmann spin|Biellman]]'' or a ''half-[[Biellmann spin|Biellmann]]'' -- named for Swiss skater [[Denise Biellmann]], who popularized the move in the 1970s and '80s.
-**'''Doughnut''' or '''donut''' spin – a catch-foot camel, but the skater's head is pulled toward the free leg's foot so that the skater's head, torso, and free leg form a [[torus|toric]] shape parallel to the ice. [[Oksana Baiul]], [[Yukari Nakano]] frequently perform this spin.<ref>[http://web.icenetwork.com/news/article.jsp?ymd=20071123&content_id=37613&vkey=ice_news Nakano still determined to achieve more on the ice 2007-11-23, Icenetwork.com]</ref>
-*'''[[Gillis Grafström|Grafström]]''' spin – camel with a bent skating leg, with the free foot still in the [[Glossary of ballet terms|arabesque]] position.
-*'''[[Dorothy Hamill|Hamill]] camel'''– not a true camel per se, but rather a transition from a backwards camel to a backwards sit spin by bending the skating leg and dropping the torso and free leg simultaneously.
-*'''Illusion''' spin – performed by the skater keeping their head, torso, and free leg in a straight line, and rhythmically bobbing above and below the position of a standard camel spin.  [[Tiffany Chin]] performed this spin frequently as an amateur.
-*'''Forward Camel with change of edge'''- this spin starts off as a regular camel spin. Then the skater changes back to a forward outside edge and continues to spin in small forward outside circles and then switches back to a regular camel spin. This move requires a lot of control and power
-==Gallery==
-===In single skating===
 <gallery>
-Image:Emily Hughes 2.jpg|A basic camel spin<br><small>([[Emily Hughes]])</small></center>
+File:2020-01-11 Women's Single Figure Skating Short Program (2020 Winter Youth Olympics) by Sandro Halank–723.jpg|{{center|Camel spin<br><small>([[Sandro Halank]])</small>}}
-Image:Tomáš Verner 2010 Cup of Russia.JPG|A basic camel spin<br><small>([[Tomas Verner]])</small></center>
+File:MIYAHARA Satoko JPN – 4th Place (6).jpg|{{center|Donut spin<br><small>([[Satoko Miyahara]])</small>}}
-Image:Camel yuna1.jpg|Bent-leg layover spin<br><small>([[Kim Yu-Na]])</small></center>
+File:Camel yuna2.jpg|{{center|Bent-leg layover camel spin<br><small>([[Yuna Kim]])</small>}}
-Image:Jamal Othman Spin - 2006 Skate Canada.jpg|Catch-foot camel spin<br><small>([[Jamal Othman]])</small></center>
+File:Leonova-7.jpg|{{center|Swinging camel spin<br><small>([[Alena Leonova]])</small>}}
-File:Yukari nakano donut.jpg|Donut spin (front view)<br><small>([[Yukari Nakano]])</small>
+File:Robert bradshaw skating.jpg|{{center|Flying camel spin<br><small>([[Robert Bradshaw (figure skater)|Robert Bradshaw]])</small>}}
+File:Valentina Plazas & Maximiliano Fernandez 2024 Worlds Free Skate 4.jpg|{{center|Pairs camel spin<br><small>([[Valentina Plazas]] & [[Maximiliano Fernandez]])</small>}}
-Image:Donut spin.jpg|Donut spin (back view)<br><small>([[Shizuka Arakawa]])</small></center>
-Image:2011 Four Continents Alissa CZISNY 2.jpg|Flying camel spin midair (butterfly)<br><small>([[Alissa Czisny]])</small></center>
 </gallery>
+== References ==
-===In pairs and ice dancing===
+{{reflist|refs=}}
-<gallery>
-Image:Rus-nat-totmianina-marinin6.jpg|Side by side camel spins<br><small>([[Tatiana Totmianina]] & [[Maxim Marinin]])</small></center>
-Image:VolosharMorozov SP EC2007.JPG|Side by side camel spins<br><small>([[Tatiana Volosozhar]] & [[Stanislav Morozov]])</small></center>
-Image:Dominika Piatkowska & Dmitri Khromin Spin - 2006 Skate America.jpg|Pair camel spin<br><small>([[Dominika Piatkowska]] & [[Dmitri Khromin]])</small></center>
-Image:Nathalie Pechalat & Fabian Bourzat Spin - 2006 Skate America.jpg|Dance spin<br>(sit and camel)</br><small>([[Nathalie Pechalat]] & [[Fabian Bourzat]])</small></center>
+== Works cited ==
-</gallery>
+* Cabell, Lee and Erica Bateman (2018). "Biomechanics in Figure Skating". In Jason D. Vescovi and Jaci L. VanHeest (Eds.) ''The Science of Figure Skating'', pp. 13–34. New York: Routledge Publishing. {{ISBN|978-1-138-22986-0}}
-===In synchronized skating===
+* [https://www.isu.org/inside-isu/isu-communications/communications/25800-isu-communication-2393/file "Communication No. 2334: Single and Pair Skating"]. (ISU 2334) Lausanne, Switzerland: International Skating Union. 8 July 2020. Retrieved 29 July 2022.
-<gallery>
+* Hines, James R. (2006) ''Figure Skating: A History''. Urbana, Illinois: University of Illinois Press. {{ISBN|978-0-252-07286-4}}.
-File:Esprit De Corps 4 spinners.jpg|Four synchronized skaters perform camel spins
+* Kestnbaum, Ellyn (2003). ''Culture on Ice: Figure Skating and Cultural Meaning''. Middletown, Connecticut: Wesleyan University Press. {{ISBN|0-8195-6641-1}}.
-</gallery>
-==References==
-{{reflist}}
-* ''Figure Skating: Championship Techniques''.  [[John Misha Petkevich]], 1989.  ISBN 0-452-26209-7.
-* ''Systematic Figure Skating:  The Spin & Jump Techniques of Gustave Lussi''.  (instructional videos)
-* ''Single Figure Skating''.  Josef Dĕdič, 1974.
-* ''Dick Button on Skates''.  [[Dick Button]], 1955.
 {{commons category|Camel spins}}
+== External links ==
+* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=S-O1KRr2iNk YouTube clip] of [[Yuna Kim]] performing camel spins. Retrieved 4 August 2022.
 {{Figure skating}}
 {{DEFAULTSORT:Camel Spin}}
 [[Category:Figure skating elements]]
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-[[tr:Camel dönüşü]]