WWVH: Difference between revisions
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{{Short description|Radio time signal station in Kekaha, Hawaii, United States}} |
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{{Refimprove|date=December 2009}} |
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{{Use mdy dates|date=July 2018}} |
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[[Image:WWVH antenna field.jpg|thumb|right|300px|WWVH antenna field]] |
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[[File:WWVH antenna field.jpg|thumb|right|300px|WWVH antenna field]] |
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'''WWVH''' is the callsign of the U.S. [[National Institute of Standards and Technology]]'s [[shortwave]] [[radio]] [[time signal]] station in [[Kekaha, Hawaii|Kekaha]], on the island of [[Kauai]] in the state of [[Hawaii]]. {{Coord|21|59|16|N|159|45|47|W|type:landmark_region:US-HI|display=title}} |
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'''WWVH''' is the callsign of the U.S. [[National Institute of Standards and Technology]]'s [[shortwave]] [[radio]] [[time signal]] station located at the [[Pacific Missile Range Facility|Barking Sands Missile Range]], in [[Kekaha, Hawaii|Kekaha]], on the island of [[Kauai]] in the state of [[Hawaii]]. {{Coord|21|59|16|N|159|45|47|W|type:landmark_region:US-HI|display=title}} |
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WWVH is the Pacific sister station to [[WWV (radio station)|WWV]], and has a similar broadcast format. Like WWV, WWVH's main function is the dissemination of official U.S. Government time |
WWVH is the Pacific sister station to [[WWV (radio station)|WWV]], and has a similar broadcast format. Like WWV, WWVH's main function is the dissemination of the official U.S. Government time and frequency standard. |
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Due to [[ionosphere|ionospheric]] conditions, at certain times and locations some listeners may receive both WWV and WWVH on the same frequency at the same time. The information modulated on the carrier is modified to reduce confusion if both are received simultaneously. In particular, voice announcements on one correspond to silent periods on the other. WWVH uses a female voice ([[Jane Barbe]]) to distinguish itself from WWV, which uses a male voice. |
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WWVH time signals can also be accessed by telephone at +1 (808) 335-4363. |
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==Transmission system== |
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{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;" |
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|+NIST Time Signal Station Services<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://tf.nist.gov/general/pdf/1746.pdf|title=NBS Miscellaneous Publication 236 (1967 edition): NBS Standard Frequency and Time Services|access-date=February 8, 2019|archive-date=May 17, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170517011215/http://tf.nist.gov/general/pdf/1746.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> |
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!Station |
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!Year<br />in service |
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!Year out<br />of service |
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!Radio<br />frequencies |
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!Audio<br />frequencies |
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!Musical<br />pitch |
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!Time<br />intervals |
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!Time<br />signals |
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!UT2<br />correction |
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!Propagation<br />forecasts |
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!Geophysical<br />alerts |
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|- |
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|[[WWV (radio station)|WWV]] |
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|1923 |
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| rowspan="3" | |
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|'''✔''' |
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|'''✔''' |
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|'''✔''' |
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|'''✔''' |
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|'''✔''' |
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|'''✔''' |
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|'''✔''' |
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|'''✔''' |
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|- |
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|WWVH |
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|1948 |
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|'''✔''' |
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|'''✔''' |
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|'''✔''' |
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|'''✔''' |
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|'''✔''' |
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|'''✔''' |
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| |
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|'''✔''' |
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|- |
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|[[WWVB]] |
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|1963 |
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|'''✔''' |
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|'''✔''' |
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|'''✔''' |
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|'''✔''' |
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|- |
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|WWVL |
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|1963 |
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|1972 |
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|'''✔''' |
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== Transmission system == |
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<div style="float: right; margin-left: 5px"> |
<div style="float: right; margin-left: 5px"> |
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{| class="wikitable" |
{| class="wikitable" |
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! colspan=2 | WWVH antenna coordinates<ref name="NIST25067"/> |
! colspan=2 | WWVH antenna coordinates<ref name="NIST25067" /> |
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|- |
|- |
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| 2.5 MHz || {{Coord|21|59|20.9|N|159|45|52.4|W|type:landmark_region:US-HI}} |
| 2.5 MHz || {{Coord|21|59|20.9|N|159|45|52.4|W|type:landmark_region:US-HI}} |
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</div> |
</div> |
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WWVH broadcasts its signal on four transmitters, one for each frequency. The 2.5 MHz transmitter puts out |
WWVH broadcasts its signal on four transmitters, one for each frequency. The 2.5 MHz transmitter puts out 5 kW, while the other transmitters provide 10 kW. The 2.5, 10.0, and 15.0 MHz antennas are one quarter-[[wavelength]] tall, and radiate in an omnidirectional pattern. The 5 MHz antenna consists of two elements one half-wavelength tall and horizontally separated by one quarter-wavelength. This directional antenna produces a [[cardioid]] radiation pattern with a maximum gain directed west. |
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<br clear=right/> |
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Emergency stand-by transmitters and antennas are provided for each frequency. |
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==Broadcast format== |
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{{clear|right}} |
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{{main|WWV (radio station)#Broadcast format|l1=WWV (radio station)—Broadcast format}} |
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[[Image:WWV-WWVH time code format.svg|750px|center]] |
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== Broadcast format == |
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The WWVH signal is extremely similar to the WWV signal, but some changes have been made to reduce confusion if both are heard at once:<ref name="NIST25067">{{cite book|last=Nelson|first=Glenn|author2=Michael Lombardi |author3=Dean Okayama |title=NIST Special Publication 250-67: NIST Time and Frequency Stations: WWV, WWVH and WWVB|publisher=NIST|year=2005|url=http://tf.nist.gov/timefreq/general/pdf/1969.pdf}}</ref> |
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{{Main|WWV (radio station)#Broadcast format|l1=WWV (radio station)—Broadcast format}} |
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* The 5 ms second ticks are 6 cycles of [[Media:1200Hz.ogg|1200 Hz]] rather than 5 cycles of 1000 Hz. The 800 ms minute beep is also 1200 Hz. (Like WWV, this is omitted during minutes 29 and 59, and changed to 1500 Hz at the top of each hour.) |
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[[File:WWVH recording - 20150316.ogg|thumb|Recording of WWVH from 4:58:43 to 5:03:08 UTC on March 16, 2015.]] |
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[[File:HamSci 5Mhz 2022 09 20 wiki.ogg|thumb|Notice of Upcoming Research from WWVH]] |
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[[File:WWV-WWVH time code format.svg|750px|center]] |
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The WWVH signal is extremely similar to the WWV signal, but some changes have been made to reduce confusion if both are heard at once:<ref name="NIST25067">{{cite book|last=Nelson|first=Glenn|author2=Michael Lombardi|author3=Dean Okayama|title=NIST Special Publication 250-67: NIST Time and Frequency Stations: WWV, WWVH and WWVB|publisher=NIST|year=2005|url=http://tf.nist.gov/timefreq/general/pdf/1969.pdf|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170125154929/http://tf.nist.gov/timefreq/general/pdf/1969.pdf|archive-date=January 25, 2017|df=mdy-all|access-date=January 26, 2017}}</ref> |
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* The 5 ms second ticks are 6 cycles of [[Special:FilePath/1200 Hz.ogg|1,200 Hz]] rather than 5 cycles of 1,000 Hz. The 800 ms minute beep is also 1,200 Hz. (Like WWV, this is omitted during minutes 29 and 59, and changed to 1,500 Hz at the top of each hour.) |
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* The voice announcements use a female voice (that of [[Jane Barbe]]) and last 7.5 seconds starting 15 seconds before the minute. (WWV broadcasts in a male voice during the last 7.5 seconds of each minute.) |
* The voice announcements use a female voice (that of [[Jane Barbe]]) and last 7.5 seconds starting 15 seconds before the minute. (WWV broadcasts in a male voice during the last 7.5 seconds of each minute.) |
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* The audio tones sent during the first 45 seconds of most minutes are swapped: [[ |
* The audio tones sent during the first 45 seconds of most minutes are swapped: [[Special:FilePath/600 Hz.ogg|600 Hz]] is played during even minutes, and [[Special:FilePath/500 Hz.ogg|500 Hz]] is played during odd minutes. (Receiving both simultaneously gives the listener a sound similar to a continuously-ringing chime.) |
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* The [[A440 (Concert A)|A440]] tone marking the hour is sent during minute 1 (as opposed to minute 2 for WWV). Like WWV, it is omitted during the first hour of each UTC day. |
* The [[A440 (Concert A)|A440]] tone marking the hour is sent during minute 1 (as opposed to minute 2 for WWV). Like WWV, it is omitted during the first hour of each UTC day. |
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* The audio tones are suppressed while WWV is transmitting voice announcements: minutes 00, 08–10, 14–19, and 30. |
* The audio tones are suppressed while WWV is transmitting voice announcements: minutes 00, 08–10, 14–19, and 30. |
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** [[Notice Advisory to NAVSTAR Users|GPS satellite health reports]] are transmitted during minutes 43 and 44 (vs. 14 and 15) |
** [[Notice Advisory to NAVSTAR Users|GPS satellite health reports]] are transmitted during minutes 43 and 44 (vs. 14 and 15) |
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** [[National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration|NOAA]] space weather geoalerts are transmitted during minute 45 (vs. 18) |
** [[National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration|NOAA]] space weather geoalerts are transmitted during minute 45 (vs. 18) |
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** [[National Weather Service]] storm warnings for all sections of the Pacific |
** [[National Weather Service]] storm warnings for all sections of the Pacific Ocean are broadcast during minutes 48–51, overflowing to minute 52 when necessary (vs. Atlantic and northeast Pacific information during 08–10 and 11). |
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** Minutes 03 and 47 are used for NIST special announcements when necessary (vs. 04 and 16). |
** Minutes 03 and 47 are used for NIST special announcements when necessary (vs. 04 and 16). Like WWV, prior to the [[Omega (navigation system)|OMEGA]] Navigation System shutdown in 1997, the OMEGA status report was broadcast at :47 past the hour. |
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==Half-hourly station identification announcement== |
== Half-hourly station identification announcement == |
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WWVH identifies itself twice each hour, at 29 and 59 minutes past the hour. The text of the identification is as follows: |
WWVH identifies itself twice each hour, at 29 and 59 minutes past the hour. The text of the identification is as follows: |
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{{cquote|National Institute of Standards and Technology Time. This is radio station WWVH, Kauai, Hawaii, broadcasting on internationally allocated standard carrier frequencies of 2.5, 5, 10 and 15 megahertz, providing time of day, standard time interval, and other related information. Inquiries regarding these transmissions may be directed to the National Institute of Standards and Technology, Radio Station WWVH, [[Post Office Box]] 417, [[Kekaha, Hawaii]] 96752. [[Aloha]].}} |
{{cquote|National Institute of Standards and Technology Time. This is radio station WWVH, Kauai, Hawaii, broadcasting on internationally allocated standard carrier frequencies of 2.5, 5, 10 and 15 megahertz, providing time of day, standard time interval, and other related information. Inquiries regarding these transmissions may be directed to the National Institute of Standards and Technology, Radio Station WWVH, [[Post Office Box]] 417, [[Kekaha, Hawaii]] 96752. [[Aloha]].}} |
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Reception reports sent to that address will on request be answered with a [[QSL card]].<ref>[http://tf.nist.gov/stations/qsl.htm QSL Gallery for NIST Radio Stations] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170911050255/http://tf.nist.gov/stations/qsl.htm |date=September 11, 2017 }}</ref> |
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==Telephone service== |
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WWVH's time signal can also be accessed by calling +1 (808) 335-4363. |
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== Telephone service == |
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WWVH's time signal can also be accessed by calling +1 (808) 335-4363.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nist.gov/pml/time-and-frequency-division/radio-stations/wwv/telephone-time-day-service|title=Telephone Time-of-Day Service|last=Lombardi|first=Michael A.|date=2009-09-24|website=NIST|language=en|access-date=2019-07-03|archive-date=July 3, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190703004445/https://www.nist.gov/pml/time-and-frequency-division/radio-stations/wwv/telephone-time-day-service|url-status=live}}</ref> |
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== See also == |
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* [[Radio clock]] – time-signal receivers |
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==References== |
== References == |
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{{ |
{{Reflist}} |
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==External links== |
== External links == |
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{{GeoGroup}} |
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{{GeoGroupTemplate}} |
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* [https://web.archive.org/web/20150622210605/https://soundcloud.com/shortwavemusic/sets/at-the-tone-a-little-history AT THE TONE: A Little History of NIST Radio Stations WWV & WWVH (1955-2005)], © 2009 Myke Dodge Weiskopf / Obscure-Disk. |
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*[http://www.myke.me/atthetone/audio/ Audio history of NIST Radio Stations WWV & WWVH] |
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{{Time signal stations}} |
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{{TimeSig}} |
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{{Time signal authorities}} |
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{{US Shortwave Radio}} |
{{US Shortwave Radio}} |
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{{Authority control}} |
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Wwvh}} |
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[[Category:National Institute of Standards and Technology]] |
[[Category:National Institute of Standards and Technology]] |
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[[Category:Kauai County, Hawaii]] |
[[Category:Kauai County, Hawaii]] |
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[[Category:Time in the United States]] |
[[Category:Time in the United States]] |
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[[Category:Shortwave radio stations in the United States]] |
[[Category:Shortwave radio stations in the United States]] |
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[[Category:Time signal radio stations]] |
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[[de:WWV (Zeitzeichensender)#Kurzwellensender WWVH auf Hawaii]] |
[[de:WWV (Zeitzeichensender)#Kurzwellensender WWVH auf Hawaii]] |
Revision as of 00:06, 27 April 2024
WWVH is the callsign of the U.S. National Institute of Standards and Technology's shortwave radio time signal station located at the Barking Sands Missile Range, in Kekaha, on the island of Kauai in the state of Hawaii. 21°59′16″N 159°45′47″W / 21.98778°N 159.76306°W
WWVH is the Pacific sister station to WWV, and has a similar broadcast format. Like WWV, WWVH's main function is the dissemination of the official U.S. Government time and frequency standard.
Due to ionospheric conditions, at certain times and locations some listeners may receive both WWV and WWVH on the same frequency at the same time. The information modulated on the carrier is modified to reduce confusion if both are received simultaneously. In particular, voice announcements on one correspond to silent periods on the other. WWVH uses a female voice (Jane Barbe) to distinguish itself from WWV, which uses a male voice.
WWVH time signals can also be accessed by telephone at +1 (808) 335-4363.
Station | Year in service |
Year out of service |
Radio frequencies |
Audio frequencies |
Musical pitch |
Time intervals |
Time signals |
UT2 correction |
Propagation forecasts |
Geophysical alerts |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
WWV | 1923 | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | |
WWVH | 1948 | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ||
WWVB | 1963 | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | |||||
WWVL | 1963 | 1972 | ✔ |
Transmission system
WWVH antenna coordinates[2] | |
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2.5 MHz | 21°59′20.9″N 159°45′52.4″W / 21.989139°N 159.764556°W |
5 MHz | 21°59′10.8″N 159°45′44.8″W / 21.986333°N 159.762444°W |
10 MHz | 21°59′18.2″N 159°45′51.3″W / 21.988389°N 159.764250°W |
15 MHz | 21°59′15.3″N 159°45′50.0″W / 21.987583°N 159.763889°W |
WWVH broadcasts its signal on four transmitters, one for each frequency. The 2.5 MHz transmitter puts out 5 kW, while the other transmitters provide 10 kW. The 2.5, 10.0, and 15.0 MHz antennas are one quarter-wavelength tall, and radiate in an omnidirectional pattern. The 5 MHz antenna consists of two elements one half-wavelength tall and horizontally separated by one quarter-wavelength. This directional antenna produces a cardioid radiation pattern with a maximum gain directed west.
Emergency stand-by transmitters and antennas are provided for each frequency.
Broadcast format
The WWVH signal is extremely similar to the WWV signal, but some changes have been made to reduce confusion if both are heard at once:[2]
- The 5 ms second ticks are 6 cycles of 1,200 Hz rather than 5 cycles of 1,000 Hz. The 800 ms minute beep is also 1,200 Hz. (Like WWV, this is omitted during minutes 29 and 59, and changed to 1,500 Hz at the top of each hour.)
- The voice announcements use a female voice (that of Jane Barbe) and last 7.5 seconds starting 15 seconds before the minute. (WWV broadcasts in a male voice during the last 7.5 seconds of each minute.)
- The audio tones sent during the first 45 seconds of most minutes are swapped: 600 Hz is played during even minutes, and 500 Hz is played during odd minutes. (Receiving both simultaneously gives the listener a sound similar to a continuously-ringing chime.)
- The A440 tone marking the hour is sent during minute 1 (as opposed to minute 2 for WWV). Like WWV, it is omitted during the first hour of each UTC day.
- The audio tones are suppressed while WWV is transmitting voice announcements: minutes 00, 08–10, 14–19, and 30.
- The voice announcements are rescheduled relative to WWV:
- Station identification is made during minutes 29 and 59 (vs. 00 and 30)
- GPS satellite health reports are transmitted during minutes 43 and 44 (vs. 14 and 15)
- NOAA space weather geoalerts are transmitted during minute 45 (vs. 18)
- National Weather Service storm warnings for all sections of the Pacific Ocean are broadcast during minutes 48–51, overflowing to minute 52 when necessary (vs. Atlantic and northeast Pacific information during 08–10 and 11).
- Minutes 03 and 47 are used for NIST special announcements when necessary (vs. 04 and 16). Like WWV, prior to the OMEGA Navigation System shutdown in 1997, the OMEGA status report was broadcast at :47 past the hour.
Half-hourly station identification announcement
WWVH identifies itself twice each hour, at 29 and 59 minutes past the hour. The text of the identification is as follows:
National Institute of Standards and Technology Time. This is radio station WWVH, Kauai, Hawaii, broadcasting on internationally allocated standard carrier frequencies of 2.5, 5, 10 and 15 megahertz, providing time of day, standard time interval, and other related information. Inquiries regarding these transmissions may be directed to the National Institute of Standards and Technology, Radio Station WWVH, Post Office Box 417, Kekaha, Hawaii 96752. Aloha.
Reception reports sent to that address will on request be answered with a QSL card.[3]
Telephone service
WWVH's time signal can also be accessed by calling +1 (808) 335-4363.[4]
See also
- Radio clock – time-signal receivers
References
- ^ "NBS Miscellaneous Publication 236 (1967 edition): NBS Standard Frequency and Time Services" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on May 17, 2017. Retrieved February 8, 2019.
- ^ a b Nelson, Glenn; Michael Lombardi; Dean Okayama (2005). NIST Special Publication 250-67: NIST Time and Frequency Stations: WWV, WWVH and WWVB (PDF). NIST. Archived from the original (PDF) on January 25, 2017. Retrieved January 26, 2017.
- ^ QSL Gallery for NIST Radio Stations Archived September 11, 2017, at the Wayback Machine
- ^ Lombardi, Michael A. (September 24, 2009). "Telephone Time-of-Day Service". NIST. Archived from the original on July 3, 2019. Retrieved July 3, 2019.
External links
- AT THE TONE: A Little History of NIST Radio Stations WWV & WWVH (1955-2005), © 2009 Myke Dodge Weiskopf / Obscure-Disk.