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{{Navbox |
{{Navbox with collapsible groups |
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| name = Positivism |
| name = Positivism |
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| title = [[Positivism]] |
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| state = {{{state|expanded}}} |
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| state = {{{state<includeonly>|collapsed</includeonly>}}} |
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| title = [[Positivism]] |
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| listclass = hlist |
| listclass = hlist |
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| selected = {{{selected|{{{expanded|{{{1|}}}}}}}}} |
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| list1 = {{Navbox|child |
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| group1 = Perspectives |
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| groupwidth = 12.0em <!--(as below)--> |
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| list1 = |
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* [[Empiricism]] |
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| group1 = <!--[Superfluous?:] Positivist p-->Perspectives |
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* [[Scientism]] |
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| list1 = |
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* [[Antihumanism]] |
* [[Antihumanism]] |
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* [[Empiricism]] |
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* [[Rationalism]] |
* [[Rationalism]] |
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* [[Scientism]] |
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| group2 = Declinations |
| group2 = Declinations |
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| list2 = |
| list2 = |
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* [[ |
* [[Legal positivism]] |
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* [[Logical positivism]] |
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* [[Positivist school (criminology)|Positivist school]] |
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* [[Postpositivism]] |
* [[Postpositivism]] |
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* [[Sociological positivism]] |
* [[Sociological positivism]] |
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* [[ |
* [[Ernst Mach|Machian positivism (empirio-criticism)]] |
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* [[ |
* [[Rankean historical positivism]] |
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* [[Ernst Mach|Machian positivism (Empirio-criticism)]] |
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* [[Positivism in Poland|Polish positivism]] |
* [[Positivism in Poland|Polish positivism]] |
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* [[ |
* [[Russian Machism]] |
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* [[Positivism (international relations)|Positivism in international relations]] |
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* [[Positivist school|Positivist criminology]] |
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| group3 = |
| group3 = Principal concepts |
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| list3 = |
| list3 = |
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*[[Consilience]] |
* [[Consilience]] |
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* [[Demarcation problem|Demarcation]] |
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*[[Verificationism]] |
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*[[Inductive reasoning|Induction]] |
* [[Evidence]] |
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* [[Inductive reasoning|Induction]] |
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* [[Justification (epistemology)|Justification]] |
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*[[Evidence]] |
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* [[Pseudoscience]] |
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*[[Theory of justification|Justificationism]] |
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* [[Vienna Circle#Critique of metaphysics|Critique of metaphysics]] |
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*[[Pseudoscience]] |
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*[[ |
* [[Unity of science]] |
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* [[Verificationism]] |
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*[[Demarcation problem|Demarcation]] |
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*[[Unity of science]] |
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| group4 = Antitheses |
| group4 = Antitheses |
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| list4 = |
| list4 = |
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*[[Antipositivism]] |
* [[Antipositivism]] |
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* [[Confirmation holism]] |
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*[[Humanities]] |
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* [[Critical theory]] |
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*''[[Geisteswissenschaft]]'' |
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*[[ |
* [[Falsifiability]] |
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* {{lang|de|[[Geisteswissenschaft]]}} |
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*[[Hermeneutics]] |
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*[[ |
* [[Hermeneutics]] |
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*[[Historicism]] |
* [[Historicism]] |
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*[[Historism]] |
* [[Historism]] |
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*[[ |
* [[Human science]] |
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* [[Humanities]] |
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*[[Confirmation holism]] |
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*[[ |
* [[Metaphysics]] |
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* [[Methodological dualism]] |
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*[[Problem of induction]] |
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* [[Problem of induction]] |
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* [[Reflectivism]] |
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| group5 = Related [[paradigm shift]]s<br />in the [[history of science]] |
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| list5 = |
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| list5 = |
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{{Navbox |child |navbar=off |
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* [[Non-Euclidean geometry]] (1830s) |
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| state = {{{debate|collapsed}}} <!--i.e. collapsed unless the parameter "debate" is set to "expanded" or "uncollapsed"--> |
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* [[Uncertainty principle]] (1927) |
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| titlestyle = text-align:left;font-size:90%;padding-left:6.25em;<!--padding-left to align the title "Debate" with the main template's groupnames--> |
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| title = Debate |
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| group6 = Related topics |
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| groupstyle = background:#eef;font-weight:normal; |
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| |
| list6 = |
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* [[Behavioralism]] |
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| group1 = Concepts in contention |
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** [[Post-behavioralism]] |
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| list1 = |
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* [[Critical rationalism]] |
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*[[Truth]] |
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* [[Criticism of science]] |
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*[[Knowledge]] |
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* |
* [[Epistemology]] |
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** [[Epistemological anarchism|anarchism]] |
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*[[Phronesis]] |
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** [[Epistemological idealism|idealism]] |
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| group2 = Principal contributions |
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** [[Epistemological nihilism|nihilism]] |
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| list2 = |
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** [[Epistemological pluralism|pluralism]] |
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*''[[The Course in Positive Philosophy]]'' {{small|(1830)}} |
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** [[Epistemological realism|realism]] |
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*''[[A General View of Positivism]]'' {{small|(1848)}} |
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* [[Holism]] |
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*''[[Ernst Mach|The Analysis of Sensations]]'' {{small|(1886)}} |
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* [[Instrumentalism]] |
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*''[[The Logic of Modern Physics]]'' {{small|(1927)}} |
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* [[Modernism]] |
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*''[[Language, Truth, and Logic]]'' {{small|(1936)}} |
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* [[Naturalism (literature)|Naturalism in literature]] |
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*''[[The Two Cultures]]'' {{small|(1959)}} |
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* [[Nomothetic and idiographic|Nomothetic–idiographic distinction]] |
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*''[[The Universe in a Nutshell]]'' {{small|(2001)}} |
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* [[Objectivity (science)|Objectivity in science]] |
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| group3 = Proponents |
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* [[Operationalization|Operationalism]] |
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| list3 = |
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* [[Phenomenalism]] |
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* [[Philosophy of science]] |
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** [[Deductive-nomological model]] |
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** [[Ramsey sentence]] |
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** [[Sense data|Sense-data theory]] |
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* [[Qualitative research]] |
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* [[Relationship between religion and science]] |
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* [[Sociology]] |
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* [[Social science]] |
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**[[Philosophy of social science|Philosophy]] |
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* [[Structural functionalism]] |
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* [[Structuralism]] |
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* [[Structuration theory]] |
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}} |
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| abbr2 = debate |
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| state2 = <noinclude>expanded</noinclude> |
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| section2 = Positivist-related debate |
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| list2 = {{Navbox|child |
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| groupwidth = 12.0em <!--(as above)--> |
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<!-- Dated links listed chronologically --> |
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| group1 = Method |
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| list1 = |
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* {{lang|de|[[Methodenstreit]]}} (1890s) |
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* {{lang|de|[[Werturteilsstreit]]}} (1909–1959) |
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* {{lang|de|[[Positivism dispute|Positivismusstreit]]}} (1960s)<!--(A dispute between critical theory and critical rationalism, the former accusing the latter of positivism)--> |
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* [[Great Debates (international relations)#Fourth Great Debate|Fourth Great Debate in international relations]] (1980s) |
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* [[Science wars]] (1990s) |
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| group2 = Contributions |
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| list2 = |
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* ''[[The Course in Positive Philosophy]]'' (1830) |
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* ''[[A General View of Positivism]]'' (1848) |
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* ''[[Critical History of Philosophy]]'' (1869) |
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* ''[[Idealism and Positivism]]'' (1879–1884) |
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* ''[[The Analysis of Sensations]]'' (1886) |
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* ''[[The Logic of Modern Physics]]'' (1927) |
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* ''[[Language, Truth, and Logic]]'' (1936) |
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* ''[[The Two Cultures]]'' (1959) |
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* ''[[The Universe in a Nutshell]]'' (2001) |
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| group3 = Proponents |
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| list3 = |
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* [[Richard Avenarius]] |
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* [[A. J. Ayer]] |
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* [[Alexander Bogdanov]] |
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* [[Auguste Comte]] |
* [[Auguste Comte]] |
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* [[Eugen Dühring]] |
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* [[Émile Durkheim]] |
* [[Émile Durkheim]] |
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* [[ |
* [[Ernst Laas]] |
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* [[ |
* [[Ernst Mach]] |
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* [[Berlin Circle]] |
* [[Berlin Circle]] |
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* [[Vienna Circle]] |
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| group4 = Principal criticism |
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| list4 = |
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| group4 = Criticism |
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*''[[Materialism and Empirio-criticism]]'' {{small|(1909)}} |
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| list4 = |
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*''[[History and Class Consciousness]]'' {{small|(1923)}} |
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*''[[ |
* ''[[Materialism and Empirio-criticism]]'' (1909) |
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*''[[ |
* ''[[History and Class Consciousness]]'' (1923) |
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*''[[ |
* ''[[The Logic of Scientific Discovery]]'' (1934) |
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*''[[ |
* ''[[The Poverty of Historicism]]'' (1936) |
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*''[[ |
* ''[[World Hypotheses]]'' (1942) |
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*''[[ |
* ''[[Two Dogmas of Empiricism]]'' (1951) |
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*''[[ |
* ''[[Truth and Method]]'' (1960) |
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* ''[[The Structure of Scientific Revolutions]]'' (1962) |
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*''[[One-Dimensional Man]]'' {{small|(1964)}} |
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* ''[[Conjectures and Refutations]]'' (1963) |
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*''[[Jürgen_Habermas#Major works|Knowledge and Human Interests]]'' {{small|(1968)}} |
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* ''[[One-Dimensional Man]]'' (1964) |
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*''[[E. P. Thompson#Freelance polemicist|The Poverty of Theory]]''<!--(Critique of post-structuralism)--> {{small|(1978)}} |
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* ''[[Knowledge and Human Interests]]'' (1968) |
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*''[[Constructive empiricism|The Scientific Image]]'' {{small|(1980)}} |
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* ''[[The Poverty of Theory]]'' (1978)<!--(A critique of post-structuralism)--> |
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*''[[McCloskey critique|The Rhetoric of Economics]]'' {{small|(1986)}} |
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* ''[[The Scientific Image]]'' (1980) |
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| group5 = Critics |
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* ''[[The Rhetoric of Economics]]'' (1986) |
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| list5 = |
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* [[Wilhelm Dilthey]] |
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| group5 = Critics |
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* [[Max Weber]] |
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| list5 = |
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* [[Theodor W. Adorno]] |
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* [[Gaston Bachelard]] |
* [[Gaston Bachelard]] |
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* [[ |
* [[Mario Bunge]] |
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* [[ |
* [[Wilhelm Dilthey]] |
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* [[Paul Feyerabend]] |
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* [[Hans-Georg Gadamer]] |
* [[Hans-Georg Gadamer]] |
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* [[Willard Van Orman Quine]] |
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* [[Karl Popper]] |
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* [[Thomas Kuhn]] |
* [[Thomas Kuhn]] |
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* [[ |
* [[György Lukács]] |
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* [[ |
* [[Karl Popper]] |
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* [[Willard Van Orman Quine]] |
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| group6 = Related debates |
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* [[Max Weber]] |
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| list6 = |
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*[[Methodenstreit|''Methodenstreit'' of economics]] {{small|(1890s)}} |
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*''[[Werturteilsstreit]]'' {{small|(1909)}} |
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*''[[Positivism dispute|Positivismusstreit]]''<!--A dispute between critical theory and critical rationalism, the latter of which was accused of positivism by the former, but does not consider itself as positivism, rather as a criticism of positivism--> {{small|(1960s)}} |
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*[[Science wars|Science Wars]] {{small|(1990s)}} |
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}} |
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| group6 = |
| group6 = Concepts in contention |
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| list6 = |
| list6 = |
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* [[Knowledge]] |
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*[[Non-Euclidean geometry]] {{small|(1830s)}} |
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* [[Objectivity (philosophy)|Objectivity]] |
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*[[Special relativity|Special]]{{\}}[[General relativity]] {{small|(1905{{\}}1916)}} |
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* {{transl|grc|[[Phronesis]]}} |
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*[[Heisenberg uncertainty principle]] {{small|(1927)}} |
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* [[Truth]] |
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* {{lang|de|[[Verstehen]]}} |
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}} |
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| group7 = Related topics |
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| list7 = |
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*[[History of science]] |
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*[[Philosophy of science]] |
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**{{small |[[Deductive-nomological model]] |
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**[[Ramsey sentences]] |
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**[[Sense data|Theory of sense-data]]}} |
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*[[Epistemology]] |
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*[[Sociology]] |
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*[[Social science]] |
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*[[Critical rationalism]] |
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*[[Criticism of science]] |
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*[[Objectivity (science)|Objectivity in science]] |
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*[[Relationship between religion and science]] |
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*[[Nomothetic and idiographic|Nomothetic–idiographic distinction]] |
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*[[Qualitative research]] |
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*[[Phenomenalism]] |
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*[[Epistemological idealism]] |
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*[[Operationalization|Operationalism]] |
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*[[Instrumentalism]] |
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*[[Behavioralism]] |
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*[[Structuralism]] |
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*[[Structural functionalism]] |
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*[[Structuration]] |
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*[[Holism#In anthropology|Holism in anthropology]] |
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*[[Naturalism (literature)|Naturalism in literature]] |
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*[[Modernism]] |
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*[[Flag of Brazil]] |
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| below = {{c|Positivism|Category}} |
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|below = {{smallsup|1}} to which (logical) positivism refers directly. |
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}}<noinclude> |
}}<noinclude> |
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{{Documentation | content = |
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{{Collapsible sections option |list = debate}} |
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{{collapsible option |default = collapsed}} |
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[[Category:Philosophy and thinking navigational boxes]] |
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}}</noinclude> |
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===''debate'' parameter=== |
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If, when this template is used, the parameter ''debate'' is included and set to "expanded" or "uncollapsed", the "Debate" template within the template will be shown expanded. |
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===Collapsible option=== |
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{{collapsible option}} |
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[[Category:Philosophy and thinking templates]] |
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[[Category:Science and nature templates]] |
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[[Category:Positivism| ]] |
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</noinclude> |
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Revision as of 04:05, 22 April 2024
Template documentationHow to manage this template's collapsible groups/sections option
- This template includes collapsible groups/sections. When it first appears, one of these groups/sections may be set to be visible ("expanded") while the others remain hidden ("collapsed") apart from their titlebars. To achieve this, include the parameter
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{{Positivism|state=expanded}}will show the template expanded, i.e. fully visible.{{Positivism|state=autocollapse}}will show the template autocollapsed, i.e. if there is another collapsible item on the page (a navbox, sidebar, or table with the collapsible attribute), it is hidden apart from its title bar, but if not, it is fully visible.