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Aromatised wine (spelled aromatized in American English) is a wine flavoured with aromatic herbs and spices. These are classified by their alcohol content and the flavourings and other ingredients used. The European Union defines three categories^[1] which are: 'aromatised wine', 'aromatised wine-based drink' and 'aromatised wine-product cocktail'.^[2] Drinks which have an alcohol content of 1.2% abv or less, cannot be labelled as containing wine.

Aromatised wine

An aromatised wine is a drink obtained from one or more of grapevine products, which must be at least 75% by volume of the finished drink. It may have added alcohol, colours, grape must, and it may be sweetened. Its actual alcohol strength must be at least 14.5% abv, and less than 22%. The majority of older brands come from France and Italy but there are now a range of small 'craft' producers around the world.

Vermouth

Vermouth is the most widely used aromatised wine due to its use in cocktails. Vermouth can be sweet or dry and red, white, pink or orange. It is traditionally flavoured with an infusion of herbs, peels and spices, which must include some member of the Artemisia (wormwood) family.^[3]^[4] Notable brands include Martini and Cinzano which are commonplace around the world, and Noilly Prat and Dolin of France, Carpano and Cocchi of Italy.

Bitter aromatised wine

These are categorised by the flavour that imparts the bitterness to the drink, usually either quinine or gentian root, or a mix of the two.

Quinquina. Quinquina uses quinine from the cinchona bark as a main flavouring ingredient. Brands of this type of aromatised wine aperitif include Lillet, Dubonnet and Byrrh.

Bitter vino. Gentian is the main bitter flavour, and the drink may be coloured either yellow or red with permitted colours.

Americano. Americano uses a mix of quinine and gentian root as the main flavouring ingredient. The name comes from the French 'amer' meaning bitter. Brands of this type of aromatised wine aperitif include Cocchi Americano and Vergano Americano.^[5]

Egg-based aromatised wine

An 'egg-based aromatised wine' is one that is fortified, and has egg yolks added (minimum of 10g per litre), and a sugar content of more than 200g per litre. To qualify as 'cremovo', the drink must include a minimum of 80% of DOC Marsala wine. To qualify as 'cremovo zabaione', the drink must additionally have at least 60g egg yolks per litre.

Väkevä viiniglögi/Starkvinsglögg

A fortified aromatised wine whose characteristic flavour has been obtained from cloves and/or cinnamon.

Aromatised wine-based drink

Aromatised wine-based drink has at least 50% grapevine product no added alcohol (with some exceptions) may have added colour, grape must, may have been sweetened. The actual alcohol is at least 4.5% abv and less than 14.5% by vol. The following are recognised as known, defined named drinks:

Aromatised fortified wine-based drink.
- White wine and dried grape distillate, flavoured exclusively with cardamom extract. Minimum 7% abv.
- Red wine, flavoured exclusively from spices, ginseng, nuts, citrus fruit essences and aromatic herbs. Minimum 7% abv.
Sangria. Wine, aromatised with natural citrus fruit flavours, which may include spices and carbon dioxide, and an alcohol content at least 4.5% and less than 12% abv.
- Clarea. As Sangria but made with white wine.
- Zurra. A sangria or clarea fortified with brandy or wine spirit, to at least 9% vol and less than 14% vol. It may also include pieces of fruit.
Bitter soda. Carbon dioxide or carbonated water with 'bitter vino' (minimum 50% by volume)
Kalte Ente (Cold Duck). Wine or semi-sparkling wine, mixed with sparkling wine and lemon flavours. The final mix must be at least 7% abv and contain at least 25% of the sparkling wine.
Glühwein. Either red or white wine, served mulled (warmed), flavoured mainly with cinnamon and/or cloves. A minimum of 7% abv.
- Viiniglögi / Vinglögg / Karštas vynas. A similar drink in Nordic countries and Estonia.
Maiwein (May wine). Wine flavoured with Galium odoratum (sweet woodruff), with a minimum of 7% abv
- Maitrank. As Maiwein, with the addition of flavouring from oranges or other fruits, and up to 5% sugar sweetening
Pelin. Red or white wine infused with dried artemisia roots and flowers, and other herbs and fruits. Minimum of 8.5% abv.
Aromatizovaný dezert.

Aromatised wine-product cocktail

Drinks classified as 'aromatised wine-product cocktail' must have at least 50% grapevine product. It is not permitted to add alcohol or grape must, but they may have added colouring, and may have been sweetened. The alcohol content is more than 1.2% and less than 10%.

References

^ EUR-Lex "Regulation (EU) No 251/2014 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 26 February 2014 on the definition, description, presentation, labelling and the protection of geographical indications of aromatised wine products". The European Union. Retrieved 13 April 2024.
^ EU Reg 251/2014, Article 3(1).
^ EU Reg 251/2014, Annex II, section A(3).
^ Robinson, Jancis (2006). The Oxford Companion to Wine 3rd Ed. Oxford University Press.
^ "The Most Delicious Thing: Vergano Americano Aperitif Wine". drinks.seriouseats.com.

[1] EUR-Lex "Regulation (EU) No 251/2014 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 26 February 2014 on the definition, description, presentation, labelling and the protection of geographical indications of aromatised wine products". The European Union. Retrieved 13 April 2024.

[FOOTNOTEEU_Reg_251/2014Article_3(1)-2] EU Reg 251/2014, Article 3(1).

[FOOTNOTEEU_Reg_251/2014Annex_II,_section_A(3)-3] EU Reg 251/2014, Annex II, section A(3).

[4] Robinson, Jancis (2006). The Oxford Companion to Wine 3rd Ed. Oxford University Press.

[5] "The Most Delicious Thing: Vergano Americano Aperitif Wine". drinks.seriouseats.com.

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@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
 {{Short description|Fortified wine flavoured with herbs, spices, fruit or other natural flavouring}}
+'''Aromatised wine''' (spelled '''aromatized''' in American English) is a wine flavoured with aromatic herbs and spices. These are classified by their alcohol content and the flavourings and other ingredients used. The European Union defines three categories<ref>EUR-Lex {{cite web|url=https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=celex%3A32014R0251|title=Regulation (EU) No 251/2014 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 26 February 2014 on the definition, description, presentation, labelling and the protection of geographical indications of aromatised wine products|publisher=The European Union|access-date = 13 April 2024|ref={{sfnref|EU Reg 251/2014}}}}</ref> which are: 'aromatised wine', 'aromatised wine-based drink' and 'aromatised wine-product cocktail'.{{sfn|EU Reg 251/2014|loc=Article 3(1)}} Drinks which have an alcohol content of 1.2% [[abv]] or less, cannot be labelled as containing wine.
-An '''aromatised wine''' (also spelled '''aromatized''') is a [[fortified wine]] or [[mistelle]] that has been flavoured with herbs, spices, fruit or other natural flavourings.
-==Description==
+==Aromatised wine==
+An aromatised wine is a drink obtained from one or more of grapevine products, which must be at least 75% by volume of the finished drink.
-An aromatised wine must have a minimum alcohol content of 14.5% by volume and a maximum alcohol content of 22% by volume according to EU law Council Regulation (EEC) No 1601/91.<ref>EUR-Lex {{cite web | url =http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/ALL/?uri=CELEX:31991R1601|title = The European Union Official Journal of Law | publisher = The European Union | access-date = November 18, 2014}}</ref> The majority of older brands come from France and Italy but there are now a range of small 'craft' producers around the world.
+It may have added alcohol, colours, grape must, and it may be sweetened. Its actual alcohol strength must be at least 14.5% abv, and less than 22%.
+The majority of older brands come from France and Italy but there are now a range of small 'craft' producers around the world.
+===Vermouth===
-Other similar beverages described in this legislation are 'aromatised wine-based drinks' (non-fortified) and 'aromatised wine-product cocktail' (blended, lower alcohol drink under 7% ABV).
+[[Vermouth]] is the most widely used aromatised wine due to its use in cocktails. Vermouth can be sweet or dry and red, white, pink or orange. It is traditionally flavoured with an infusion of herbs, peels and spices, which must include some member of the Artemisia ([[Artemisia absinthium|wormwood]]) family.{{sfn|EU Reg 251/2014|loc=Annex II, section A(3)}}<ref>{{cite book | title = The Oxford Companion to Wine 3rd Ed |first=Jancis  |last=Robinson |publisher=Oxford University Press|year=2006 }}</ref> Notable brands include [[Martini (vermouth)|Martini]] and [[Cinzano]] which are commonplace around the world, and [[Noilly Prat]] and Dolin of France, [[Carpano]] and Cocchi of Italy.
-==Varieties of aromatised wine==
+===Bitter aromatised wine===
+These are categorised by the flavour that imparts the bitterness to the drink, usually either quinine or [[gentiana|gentian root]], or a mix of the two.
+* '''Quinquina'''. Quinquina uses quinine from the [[cinchona]] bark as a main flavouring ingredient. Brands of this type of aromatised wine aperitif include [[Lillet]], [[Dubonnet]] and [[Byrrh]].
-===Vermouth===
-[[Vermouth]] is the most widely used aromatised wine due to its use in cocktails and famous commercial brands such as [[Martini (vermouth)|Martini]] and [[Cinzano]] which are commonplace around the world. Vermouth can be sweet or dry and red, white, pink or orange. It is traditionally flavoured with an infusion of herbs, peels and spices, including [[Artemisia absinthium|wormwood]] but modern commercial brands are likely to be made with a sweet concentrate of flavours to maintain consistency and low-cost.<ref>{{cite book | title = The Oxford Companion to Wine 3rd Ed |first=Jancis  |last=Robinson |publisher=Oxford University Press|year=2006 }}</ref> Other brands include [[Punt e Mes]], [[Noilly Prat]] and [[Carpano]].
+* '''Bitter vino'''. Gentian is the main bitter flavour, and the drink may be coloured either yellow or red with permitted colours.
+* '''Americano'''. Americano uses a mix of quinine and gentian root as the main flavouring ingredient. The name comes from the French 'amer' meaning bitter. Brands of this type of aromatised wine aperitif include  [[Cocchi Americano]] and Vergano Americano.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://drinks.seriouseats.com/2013/04/great-aperitif-wine-vergano-americano-dressner-punt-e-mes-substitute.html|title=The Most Delicious Thing: Vergano Americano Aperitif Wine|website=drinks.seriouseats.com}}</ref>
-===Aromatised wine-based aperitifs===
-''Aromatised wine-based aperitifs'' are a range of beverages related to vermouth but can be flavoured with many botanicals including [[cinchona]] bark (the source of [[quinine]]), [[Gentiana|gentian]] root and fruit, and typically don't contain wormwood, or flavours of wormwood, that vermouths historically have.<ref>{{cite book | title = The Ultimate Bar Book |first=André |last=Dominé |publisher=Ullmann|year=2008 }}</ref> Two types include [[Quinquina]] and [[Quinquina|Americano]].
+===Egg-based aromatised wine===
-====Quinquina====
+An 'egg-based aromatised wine' is one that is fortified, and has egg yolks added (minimum of 10g per litre), and a sugar content of more than 200g per litre. To qualify as 'cremovo', the drink must include a minimum of 80% of [[Denominazione di origine controllata|DOC]] [[Marsala wine]]. To qualify as 'cremovo zabaione', the drink must additionally have at least 60g egg yolks per litre.
-{{main article|Quinquina}}
-Quinquina uses [[cinchona]] as a main flavouring ingredient. Brands of this type of aromatised wine aperitif include [[Lillet]], [[Dubonnet]] and [[Byrrh]].
+===Väkevä viiniglögi/Starkvinsglögg===
-====Americano====
+A fortified aromatised wine whose characteristic flavour has been obtained from cloves and/or cinnamon.
-Americano uses [[gentian root]] as the main flavouring ingredient. The name comes from the French 'Amer' meaning bitter, rather than any reference to 'America'. Brands of this type of aromatised wine aperitif include  [[Cocchi Americano]] and Vergano Americano.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://drinks.seriouseats.com/2013/04/great-aperitif-wine-vergano-americano-dressner-punt-e-mes-substitute.html|title=The Most Delicious Thing: Vergano Americano Aperitif Wine|first=Serious|last=Eats|website=drinks.seriouseats.com}}</ref>
+==Aromatised wine-based drink==
-====Lillet====
+Aromatised wine-based drink has at least 50% grapevine product
-[[Lillet]] is a French aromatised wine which from 1887 to 1986 contained [[quinine]].  The white (''blanc'') version was an ingredient in "Gin and French" especially popular in Victorian London,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://liquoranddrink.com/drinks/332-gin-and-french|title=- Liquor & Drink|website=liquoranddrink.com}}</ref><ref>https://www.bbc.co.uk/food/recipes/gin_and_french_47127</ref> similar to a martini or "Gin and It" using vermouth.
+no added alcohol (with some exceptions)<!--(except Annex II)-->
+may have added colour, grape must, may have been sweetened.
+The actual alcohol is at least 4.5% abv and less than 14.5% by vol.
+The following are recognised as known, defined named drinks:
+* '''Aromatised fortified wine-based drink'''.
+** White wine and dried grape distillate, flavoured exclusively with cardamom extract. Minimum 7% abv.
+** Red wine, flavoured exclusively from spices, ginseng, nuts, citrus fruit essences and aromatic herbs. Minimum 7% abv.
+* '''[[Sangria]]'''. Wine, aromatised with natural citrus fruit flavours, which may include spices and carbon dioxide, and an alcohol content at least 4.5% and less than 12% abv.
+** '''Clarea'''. As Sangria but made with white wine.
+** '''Zurra'''. A sangria or clarea fortified with brandy or wine spirit, to at least 9% vol and less than 14% vol. It may also include pieces of fruit.
+* '''Bitter soda'''. Carbon dioxide or carbonated water with 'bitter vino' (minimum 50% by volume)
+* '''Kalte Ente''' ([[Cold Duck]]). Wine or semi-sparkling wine, mixed with sparkling wine and lemon flavours. The final mix must be at least 7% abv and contain at least 25% of the sparkling wine.
+* '''[[Mulled wine#Glühwein|Glühwein]]'''. Either red or white wine, served mulled (warmed), flavoured mainly with cinnamon and/or cloves. A minimum of 7% abv.
+** '''[[Glögg|Viiniglögi / Vinglögg / Karštas vynas]]'''. A similar drink in Nordic countries and Estonia.
+* '''Maiwein''' ([[May wine]]). Wine flavoured with [[Galium odoratum]] (sweet woodruff), with a minimum of 7% abv
+** '''Maitrank'''. As Maiwein, with the addition of flavouring from oranges or other fruits, and up to 5% sugar sweetening
+* '''[[Pelin wine|Pelin]]'''. Red or white wine infused with dried artemisia roots and flowers, and other herbs and fruits. Minimum of 8.5% abv.
+* '''Aromatizovaný dezert'''.
+==Aromatised wine-product cocktail==
-==See also==
+Drinks classified as 'aromatised wine-product cocktail' must have at least 50% grapevine product.
-{{portal|Wine}}
+It is not permitted to add alcohol or grape must, but they may have added colouring, and may have been sweetened.
-* [[Spiced wine (disambiguation)|Spiced wine]]
+The alcohol content is more than 1.2% and less than 10%.
-* [[Ginger wine]]
-* [[Mulled wine]]
-* [[Sangria]]
 ==References==