Limbang District: Difference between revisions

Limbang District
Limbang District
District
	District of Sarawak
Country	Malaysia
State	Sarawak
Division	Limbang Division
District Office location	Limbang
Local area government(s)	Majlis Daerah Limbang
Area
• Total	3,978.10 km2 (1,535.95 sq mi)
Population (2020)
• Total	90,990
• Density	23/km2 (59/sq mi)
District Officer	Anyi Ngau
Ethnicity	Bruneian Malay and Kedayan (30.3%), Iban (24.7%), Chinese (21.3%), Others (23.7%)
Historical claimed by	Brunei

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The Limbang District is one of the two districts of Limbang Division, Malaysia. It has a total area of 3,978.10 square kilometres.^[1] The major town is Limbang. It has one sub-district, which is Nanga Medamit Sub-District. It borders Brunei Darussalam to the west and east, Lawas District to the southeast and Miri District at the south and southwest. Due to being squeezed in between Brunei at its north and coastal areas, Limbang is accessible by road only by going through immigration posts.

History

The area was annexed by Charles Anthoni Johnson Brooke, the second Rajah of Sarawak in 1890 from Brunei to become the fifth division of Sarawak. The annexation was strongly disputed by Brunei.^[2]

The de facto boundary ran along the watershed between the Brunei River and Limbang River basins on the western side of the district, and along the length of the Pandaruan River on the eastern side. Boundary agreements have delineated a stretch of the western border^[3] and the Pandaruan River^[4] while the other stretches have yet to be delineated.

Limbang area is officially claimed since 1967 (it has been claimed since 1880s after the annexation of Limbang by the White Rajah) by Brunei as part of its integral territory.^[5] It is the main part of the Brunei–Malaysia border disputes since Limbang separates Brunei territorially into two parts.^[6]

Demography

The population of Limbang district (year 2024) was 69,990.

Ethnicity

Limbang is traditionally a home to Bruneian Malay, Kedayan, Chinese, Iban, Lun Bawang and Orang Ulu people.

Limbang is the most culturally diverse and distinct part of Sarawak. It is a melting pot of many cultures, including Malay, Kedayan, Chinese, Iban and various Orang Ulu ethnic groups such as Lun Bawang, Bisaya, Murut, Kelabit and Penan. It has one of the highest concentration of Orang Ulu people in Sarawak.

Population of Limbang by Ethnicity^[7]^[8]
Administrative District	Total Population	Bruneian Malay¹	Iban	Bidayuh	Melanau	Other Bumiputera²	Chinese	Other Non-Bumiputera	Non-Citizen
Limbang	47,000 (100%)	11,700 (24.9%)	13,000 (27.7%)	300 (0.6%)	300 (0.6%)	14,000 (29.8%)	6,400 (13.6%)	200 (0.1%)	1,100 (2.3%)

Note:
¹ Excluding Kedayan.
² Including Kedayan and other Orang Ulu such as Lun Bawang, Kelabit, Penan, Murut etc.

Economy

The economy is largely based on the timber and agricultural industries. Timber industry remains a strong component of the district's economy. Agriculture is relatively minor although growing steadily, with oil palm, rattan and pepper the main products.

Transportation

Road

Owing to its geographical location, Limbang is completely cut off from the rest of Sarawak's road network. It is however has good road links to both parts of Brunei located to the east and west of the district. There is also a good local network of roads in the district.

There are two road border crossing checkpoints in Limbang district, both into Brunei.

Pandaruan: This checkpoint is located 15 km east of Limbang on the Pandaruan River which forms the border between Sarawak and Brunei's Temburong District. The checkpoint on the Brunei side is called Puni.
Tedungan: Located 43 km west of Limbang, it is the road crossing into the main part of Brunei from Limbang. The Brunei checkpoint is called Kuala Lurah.

Malaysian passport exit stamp from Tedungan ICQS Checkpoint.
Entry stamp from Pandaruan ICQS Checkpoint.
Entry stamp from the Limbang Wharf ICQS Checkpoint, for boat arrivals from Brunei and Labuan.

Air

There are existing small airports that served the division through MASwings namely Limbang Airport in Limbang to Kota Kinabalu, Kuching, Lawas and Miri.

Infrastructure

Education

Limbang District has five secondary schools: SMK Limbang, SMKA Limbang, SMK Medamit, SMK Seri Patiambun Limbang and SMK Kubong.^[9] It has numerous primary schools, mostly scattered around Limbang rural areas.

Healthcare

Limbang has its own hospital which is Hospital Limbang. However, as for surgeries and more critical cases, they are normally referred to Miri Hospital, or to greater extent, Sarawak General Hospital in Kuching.

Security

Limbang District has a police district office. There are also police stations and police bits located at strategic locations, as well as rural areas. Despite being the fourth largest division, Limbang Division so far has no district military bases. This is also true for Limbang District. Only small military camps do exist just to make presence at Limbang district.

Government services

Other government offices have set up their branches in Limbang Districts such as Royal Customs, Fire and Rescue Department, Education Department etc.

References

^ "Portal Rasmi Pentadbiran Bahagian Limbang". limbang.sarawak.gov.my. Retrieved 6 December 2022.
^ the CIA World Factbook
^ Ahmad Fauzi, Nordin (2006). "Land and River Boundary Demarcation and Maintenance – Malaysia's Experience" (PDF). Working paper at International Symposium on Land and River Demarcation and Maintenance in Support of Borderland Development. Retrieved 11 April 2008. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
^ "Agreement between the Government of Brunei and the Government of Sarawak regarding the boundary between the States of Brunei and Sarawak between Limbang and Brunei from the coast to a point west of Bukit Gadong signed by the British Resident, Brunei and the Resident, Fifth Division, Sarawak dated 24 February 1933, covering a distance of 37.0 km" quoted by Ahmad Fauzi Nordin".
^ R. Haller-Trost (1994). The Brunei-Malaysia Dispute Over Territorial and Maritime Claims in International Law. IBRU. pp. 20–. ISBN 978-1-897643-07-5.
^ 张心意 (4 May 2010). "Border issues between Malaysia, Brunei solved: Official". Xinhua News Agency. People's Daily. Retrieved 5 May 2010.
^ Sarawak Ethnic Statistic from Sarawak Journal.
^ Sarawak Ethnic Statistic from Sarawak Journal.
^ "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 15 August 2009. Retrieved 6 March 2010.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) from Ministry of Education

External links

[1] "Portal Rasmi Pentadbiran Bahagian Limbang". limbang.sarawak.gov.my. Retrieved 6 December 2022.

[2] the CIA World Factbook

[3] Ahmad Fauzi, Nordin (2006). "Land and River Boundary Demarcation and Maintenance – Malaysia's Experience" (PDF). Working paper at International Symposium on Land and River Demarcation and Maintenance in Support of Borderland Development. Retrieved 11 April 2008. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)

[4] "Agreement between the Government of Brunei and the Government of Sarawak regarding the boundary between the States of Brunei and Sarawak between Limbang and Brunei from the coast to a point west of Bukit Gadong signed by the British Resident, Brunei and the Resident, Fifth Division, Sarawak dated 24 February 1933, covering a distance of 37.0 km" quoted by Ahmad Fauzi Nordin".

[5] R. Haller-Trost (1994). The Brunei-Malaysia Dispute Over Territorial and Maritime Claims in International Law. IBRU. pp. 20–. ISBN 978-1-897643-07-5.

[6] 张心意 (4 May 2010). "Border issues between Malaysia, Brunei solved: Official". Xinhua News Agency. People's Daily. Retrieved 5 May 2010.

[7] Sarawak Ethnic Statistic from Sarawak Journal.

[8] Sarawak Ethnic Statistic from Sarawak Journal.

[9] "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 15 August 2009. Retrieved 6 March 2010.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) from Ministry of Education

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@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
+{{Short description|District in Sarawak, Malaysia}}
+{{Coord missing|Malaysia}}
 {{EngvarB|date=September 2014}}
-{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2014}}
+{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2019}}
 {{Infobox settlement
-|name=Limbang District
+|name = Limbang District
+|type = [[List of districts in Malaysia|District]]
 |image_blank_emblem = Flag of Sarawak.svg
-|blank_emblem_type = Districts of Sarawak
+|blank_emblem_type = District of Sarawak
 |image_map = Sarawaklimbanglimbang.PNG
-|subdivision_type1 = Country
+|subdivision_type1 = [[List of sovereign states|Country]]
-|subdivision_name1 = [[Malaysia]]
+|subdivision_name1 = {{flag|Malaysia}}
-|subdivision_type2 = State
+|subdivision_type2 = [[States and federal territories of Malaysia|State]]
-|subdivision_name2 = [[Sarawak]]
+|subdivision_name2 = {{flag|Sarawak}}
+|subdivision_type3 = [[Divisions of Malaysia|Division]]
-|area_total_km2 = 3976.60
+|subdivision_name3 = [[Limbang Division]]
+|area_total_km2 = 3978.10
 |population_density_km2 = auto
-|population_as_of = 2000
+|population_as_of = 2020
-|population_total = 40959
+|population_total = 90990
-|seat_type =District Office location
+|seat_type = District Office location
 |seat = Limbang
 |parts_type = Local area government(s)
@@ Line 21: / Line 27: @@
 |blank_info = Anyi Ngau
 |blank1_name = Ethnicity
-|blank1_info = [[Bruneian Malay people|Bruneian Malay]] and [[Kedayan]] (30.3%), [[Iban people|Iban]] (24.7%), [[Han Chinese|Chinese]] (21.3%), Others (23.7%)
+|blank1_info = [[Bruneian Malays|Bruneian Malay]] and [[Kedayan]] (30.3%), [[Iban people|Iban]] (24.7%), [[Malaysian Chinese|Chinese]] (21.3%), Others (23.7%)
 |blank2_name = Historical claimed by
 |blank2_info = [[Brunei]]
 }}
+[[File:Map of Limbang District, Sarawak.svg|thumb|Map of Limbang District]]
-The '''Limbang District''' is one of the two districts of [[Limbang Division]], [[Malaysia]]. It has a total area of 3,976.00 square kilometres. The major town is [[Limbang]]. It has one sub-district, which is [[Nanga Medamit sub-district|Nanga Medamit]]. It borders Brunei Darussalam to the west and east, Lawas District to the southeast and Miri District at the south and southwest. Due to being squeezed in between Brunei Darussalam at its north and coastal areas, Limbang is accessible by road only by going through immigration posts. According to history, this area was annexed by [[Charles Anthoni Johnson Brooke]], the second Rajah of Sarawak in 1890 from Brunei to become the fifth division of Sarawak. The annexation was strongly disputed by Brunei.<ref>[https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2070.html the CIA World Factbook]</ref>
+The '''Limbang District''' is one of the two districts of [[Limbang Division]], [[Malaysia]]. It has a total area of 3,978.10 square kilometres.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Portal Rasmi Pentadbiran Bahagian Limbang |url=https://limbang.sarawak.gov.my/page-0-0-224-Lokasi-Daerah-Limbang.html |access-date=2022-12-06 |website=limbang.sarawak.gov.my}}</ref> The major town is [[Limbang]]. It has one sub-district, which is [[Nanga Medamit Sub-District]]. It borders Brunei Darussalam to the west and east, Lawas District to the southeast and Miri District at the south and southwest. Due to being squeezed in between Brunei at its north and coastal areas, Limbang is accessible by road only by going through immigration posts.
-The de facto boundary ran along the [[Drainage divide|watershed]] between the [[Brunei River]] and Limbang River basins on the western side of the district, and along the length of the [[Pandaruan River]] on the eastern side. Boundary agreements have delineated a stretch of the [[Brunei-Malaysia border|western border]]<ref>{{cite journal | author = Ahmad Fauzi, Nordin | coauthors = | title = Land and River Boundary Demarcation and Maintenance - Malaysia's Experience | version = Working paper at International Symposium on Land and River Demarcation and Maintenance in Support of Borderland Development | publisher = | year = 2006 | url = http://www.dur.ac.uk/resources/ibru/conferences/thailand/malaysia.pdf | format = [[PDF]] | accessdate = 11 April 2008}}</ref> and the Pandaruan River<ref>"Agreement between the Government of Brunei and the Government of Sarawak regarding the boundary between the States of Brunei and Sarawak between Limbang and Brunei from the coast to a point west of Bukit Gadong signed by the British Resident, Brunei and the Resident, Fifth Division, Sarawak dated the 24th of February 1933, covering a distance of 37.0km" quoted by Ahmad Fauzi Nordin".</ref> while the other stretches have yet to be delineated.
+== History ==
-Limbang area is officially claimed since 1967 (its been claimed since 1880s after the annexation of Limbang by the White Rajah) by [[Brunei]] as part of its integral territory.<ref>{{cite book|author=R. Haller-Trost|title=The Brunei-Malaysia Dispute Over Territorial and Maritime Claims in International Law|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZMJYOA6g_dYC&pg=PA20|year=1994|publisher=IBRU|isbn=978-1-897643-07-5|pages=20–}}</ref> The issue was said to have been settled in 2009 as been stated from Bruneian media.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bt.com.bn/home_news/2009/03/17/brunei_drops_all_claims_to_limbang|title=Brunei drops all claims to Limbang|author=Ubaidillah Masli|publisher=[[The Brunei Times]]|date=17 March 2009|accessdate=23 August 2013|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140712162447/http://www.bt.com.bn/home_news/2009/03/17/brunei_drops_all_claims_to_limbang|archivedate=12 July 2014|deadurl=yes}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://en.people.cn/90001/90777/90851/6971863.html|title=Border issues between Malaysia, Brunei solved: Official|author=张心意|work=[[Xinhua News Agency]]|publisher=[[People's Daily]]|date=4 May 2010|accessdate=5 May 2010}}</ref> However, Bruneian Second Minister of Foreign Affairs and Trade [[Lim Jock Seng]] said the issue was never discussed during the meeting of both countries leaders.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bt.com.bn/home_news/2009/03/18/limbang_issue_was_never_discussed_pehin_dato_lim|title=Limbang issue was never discussed: Pehin Dato Lim|author=Ubaidillah Masli|publisher=The Brunei Times|date=18 March 2009|accessdate=23 August 2013|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140215192853/http://www.bt.com.bn/home_news/2009/03/18/limbang_issue_was_never_discussed_pehin_dato_lim|archivedate=15 February 2014|deadurl=yes}}</ref>
+The area was annexed by [[Charles Anthoni Johnson Brooke]], the second Rajah of Sarawak in 1890 from Brunei to become the fifth division of Sarawak. The annexation was strongly disputed by Brunei.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20070613004923/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2070.html the CIA World Factbook]</ref>
+The de facto boundary ran along the [[drainage divide|watershed]] between the [[Brunei River]] and Limbang River basins on the western side of the district, and along the length of the [[Pandaruan River]] on the eastern side. Boundary agreements have delineated a stretch of the [[Brunei-Malaysia border|western border]]<ref>{{cite journal | author = Ahmad Fauzi, Nordin | title = Land and River Boundary Demarcation and Maintenance – Malaysia's Experience | version = Working paper at International Symposium on Land and River Demarcation and Maintenance in Support of Borderland Development | year = 2006 | url = http://www.dur.ac.uk/resources/ibru/conferences/thailand/malaysia.pdf | access-date = 11 April 2008}}</ref> and the Pandaruan River<ref>"Agreement between the Government of Brunei and the Government of Sarawak regarding the boundary between the States of Brunei and Sarawak between Limbang and Brunei from the coast to a point west of Bukit Gadong signed by the British Resident, Brunei and the Resident, Fifth Division, Sarawak dated 24 February 1933, covering a distance of 37.0&nbsp;km" quoted by Ahmad Fauzi Nordin".</ref> while the other stretches have yet to be delineated.
+Limbang area is officially claimed since 1967 (it has been claimed since 1880s after the annexation of Limbang by the White Rajah) by [[Brunei]] as part of its integral territory.<ref>{{cite book|author=R. Haller-Trost|title=The Brunei-Malaysia Dispute Over Territorial and Maritime Claims in International Law|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZMJYOA6g_dYC&pg=PA20|year=1994|publisher=IBRU|isbn=978-1-897643-07-5|pages=20–}}</ref> It is the main part of the [[Brunei–Malaysia border#Disputes|Brunei–Malaysia border disputes]] since Limbang separates Brunei territorially into two parts.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160306173819/http://en.people.cn/90001/90777/90851/6971863.html|title=Border issues between Malaysia, Brunei solved: Official|author=张心意|work=[[Xinhua News Agency]]|publisher=[[People's Daily]]|date=4 May 2010|access-date=5 May 2010}}</ref><!-- source's claim of dispute resolution is ignored, as this was an error per https://web.archive.org/web/20140215192853/http://www.bt.com.bn/home_news/2009/03/18/limbang_issue_was_never_discussed_pehin_dato_lim -->
 == Demography ==
-The population of Limbang district (year 2000) was 40,959.
+The population of Limbang district (year 2024) was 69,990.
 === Ethnicity ===
-Limbang is traditionally a home to [[Bruneian Malay people|Bruneian Malay]], [[Kedayan]], [[Han Chinese|Chinese]], [[Iban people|Iban]] and [[Orang Ulu]] people.
+Limbang is traditionally a home to [[Bruneian Malays|Bruneian Malay]], [[Kedayan]], [[Malaysian Chinese|Chinese]], [[Iban people|Iban]], [[Lun Bawang]] and [[Orang Ulu]] people.
 Limbang is the most culturally diverse and distinct part of Sarawak. It is a melting pot of many cultures, including Malay, Kedayan, Chinese, Iban and various Orang Ulu ethnic groups such as [[Lun Bawang]], Bisaya, Murut, Kelabit and Penan. It has one of the highest concentration of Orang Ulu people in [[Sarawak]].
@@ Line 65: / Line 78: @@
 | 1,100<br>''(2.3%)''
 |}
 ''Note:''<br>
 <sup>1</sup> Excluding Kedayan.<br>
@@ Line 73: / Line 87: @@
 == Transportation ==
+=== Road ===
 Owing to its geographical location, Limbang is completely cut off from the rest of [[Sarawak]]'s road network. It is however has good road links to both parts of [[Brunei]] located to the east and west of the district. There is also a good local network of roads in the district.
 There are two road [[border checkpoint|border crossing checkpoints]] in Limbang district, both into [[Brunei]].
-*'''Tedungan:''' Located 43&nbsp;km west of Limbang, it is the road crossing into the main part of Brunei from Limbang. The Brunei checkpoint is called Kuala Lurah.
-*'''Pandaruan:''' This checkpoint is located 15&nbsp;km east of Limbang on the Pandaruan River which forms the [[Brunei-Malaysia border|border]] between Sarawak and Brunei's [[Temburong]] district. The crossing has to be done by ferry. The checkpoint on the Brunei side is called Puni and operates out of a wooden building located 500m from the ferry landing point.
+* '''Pandaruan:''' This checkpoint is located 15 km east of Limbang on the Pandaruan River which forms the [[Brunei–Malaysia border|border]] between Sarawak and Brunei's [[Temburong District]]. The checkpoint on the Brunei side is called Puni.
+* '''Tedungan:''' Located 43 km west of Limbang, it is the road crossing into the main part of Brunei from Limbang. The Brunei checkpoint is called Kuala Lurah.
+<gallery>
+File:MalaysiaExitTedungan.jpg|Malaysian passport exit stamp from Tedungan ICQS Checkpoint.
+File:MalaysiaEntryPandaruan.jpg|Entry stamp from Pandaruan ICQS Checkpoint.
+File:Malaysia limbang entry2.JPG|Entry stamp from the Limbang Wharf ICQS Checkpoint, for boat arrivals from Brunei and Labuan.
+</gallery>
+=== Air ===
+There are existing small airports that served the division through [[MASwings]] namely [[Limbang Airport]] in [[Limbang]] to [[Kota Kinabalu]], [[Kuching]], [[Lawas]] and [[Miri]].
 == Infrastructure ==
 === Education ===
-Limbang District has five secondary schools: SMK Limbang, SMKA Limbang, SMK Medamit, SMK Seri Patiambun Limbang and SMK Kubong.<ref>http://apps.moe.gov.my/emis/emis2/emisportal2/doc/fckeditor/File/senarai_sek_09/menengah/SarawakM.pdf from Ministry of Education</ref> It has numerous primary schools, mostly scattered around Limbang rural areas.
+Limbang District has five secondary schools: SMK Limbang, SMKA Limbang, SMK Medamit, SMK Seri Patiambun Limbang and SMK Kubong.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://apps.moe.gov.my/emis/emis2/emisportal2/doc/fckeditor/File/senarai_sek_09/menengah/SarawakM.pdf |title=Archived copy |access-date=6 March 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090815132639/http://apps.moe.gov.my/emis/emis2/emisportal2/doc/fckeditor/File/senarai_sek_09/menengah/SarawakM.pdf |archive-date=15 August 2009  }} from Ministry of Education</ref> It has numerous primary schools, mostly scattered around Limbang rural areas.
 === Healthcare ===
@@ Line 93: / Line 118: @@
 ==See also==
-* [[Sarawak]]
-* [[Limbang|Limbang Town]]
-* [[Limbang Division]]
 * [[Lawas District]]
+* [[Limbang Division]]
+* [[Limbang|Limbang Town]]
+* [[Sarawak]]
 ==References==
-{{Reflist}}
+{{reflist}}
 ==External links==
-* [http://www.limbangdc.gov.my]
+* [https://web.archive.org/web/20100111024142/http://www.limbangdc.gov.my/ Laman Web Majlis Daerah Limbang]
-* [http://www.limbangrdo.sarawak.gov.my/]
+* [https://web.archive.org/web/20100214163111/http://www.limbangrdo.sarawak.gov.my/ Welcome to Jabatan Residen Bahagian Limbang,Sarawak!]
+{{Malaysia border crossings|state=collapsed}}
 {{Sarawak}}
+[[Category:Limbang District| ]]
-{{coord missing|Malaysia}}
-[[Category:Districts of Sarawak]]
 [[Category:Brunei–Malaysia border crossings]]
 [[Category:Former disputed land areas]]