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{{cns|date=September 2019|The right can be traced back to the [[Bill of Rights 1689]], the [[Petition of Right|Petition of Right (1628)]], and [[Magna Carta|Magna Carta (1215)]].|reason= Need reliable source that these are the main sources of the right to petition - particularly since China seems to have had [[memorial to the throne]].}}
{{cns|date=September 2019|The right can be traced back to the [[Bill of Rights 1689]], the [[Petition of Right|Petition of Right (1628)]], and [[Magna Carta|Magna Carta (1215)]].|reason= Need reliable source that these are the main sources of the right to petition - particularly since China seems to have had [[memorial to the throne]].}}


In Europe, Article 44 of the [[Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union]] ensures the right to petition to the [[European Parliament]].<ref>[[Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union|Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union (2000)]], Article 44</ref> [[Basic Law for the Federal Republic of Germany]] guarantees the right of petition to "competent authorities and to the legislature".<ref>[[Basic Law for the Federal Republic of Germany]], Article 17</ref>{{better source needed|date=September 2019|reason=Link is to Wikipedia article, not to a source for the Basic Law or a reliable source interpretation.}} The [[right to petition in the United States]] is granted by the [[First Amendment to the United States Constitution]] (1791).
In Europe, Article 44 of the [[Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union]] ensures the right to petition to the [[European Parliament]].<ref>[[Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union|Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union (2000)]], Article 44</ref> [[Basic Law for the Federal Republic of Germany]] guarantees the right of petition to "competent authorities and to the legislature".<ref>[[Basic Law for the Federal Republic of Germany]], Article 17</ref><ref>[https://dejure.org/gesetze/GG/17.html Grundgesetz, Art. 17] (dejure.org)</ref>
The [[right to petition in the United States]] is granted by the [[First Amendment to the United States Constitution]] (1791).


==United States==
==United States==
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==China==
==China==
{{Main|Memorial to the throne}}
{{Main|Memorial to the throne}}
Ancient and Imperial Chinese dynasties recognised the right to petition for all subjects. Only PEOPLE could petition the Emperor to remove government officials.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Brook|first1=Timothy|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YuMcHWWbXqMC |title=The Confusions of Pleasure: Commerce and Culture in Ming China|publisher=University of California Press|date=1999|isbn=978-0-520-22154-3|pages=33–34}}.</ref> The [[Huabiao]], a ceremonial column common in traditional Chinese architecture, is believed to have originated from signboards set up by ancient rulers to offer an avenue for the public to write petitions.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.asiavtour.com/China_Beijing_culture_a147_s5.html |title=Culture of Beijing: Huabiao |access-date=2019-04-17 |archive-date=2021-06-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210624202544/http://www.asiavtour.com/China_Beijing_culture_a147_s5.html |url-status=dead }}</ref>
Ancient and Imperial Chinese dynasties recognised the right to petition for all subjects. Commoners could petition the Emperor to remove local officials.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Brook|first1=Timothy|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YuMcHWWbXqMC |title=The Confusions of Pleasure: Commerce and Culture in Ming China|publisher=University of California Press|date=1999|isbn=978-0-520-22154-3|pages=33–34}}.</ref> The [[Huabiao]], a ceremonial column common in traditional Chinese architecture, is believed to have originated from signboards set up by ancient rulers to offer an avenue for the public to write petitions.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.asiavtour.com/China_Beijing_culture_a147_s5.html |title=Culture of Beijing: Huabiao |access-date=2019-04-17 |archive-date=2021-06-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210624202544/http://www.asiavtour.com/China_Beijing_culture_a147_s5.html |url-status=dead }}</ref>


{{Main|Petitioning (China)}}
{{Main|Petitioning (China)}}

Latest revision as of 21:34, 15 April 2024

The right to petition government for redress of grievances is the right to make a complaint to, or seek the assistance of, one's government, without fear of punishment or reprisals.

The right can be traced back to the Bill of Rights 1689, the Petition of Right (1628), and Magna Carta (1215).[citation needed]

In Europe, Article 44 of the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union ensures the right to petition to the European Parliament.[1] Basic Law for the Federal Republic of Germany guarantees the right of petition to "competent authorities and to the legislature".[2][3] The right to petition in the United States is granted by the First Amendment to the United States Constitution (1791).

United States

[edit]
Main article: Right to petition in the United States

The prohibition of abridgment of the "right to petition" originally referred only to the Congress and the U.S. federal courts. The incorporation doctrine later expanded the protection of the right to its current scope, over all state and federal courts and legislatures, and the executive branches of the state[4] and federal governments.

China

[edit]
Main article: Memorial to the throne

Ancient and Imperial Chinese dynasties recognised the right to petition for all subjects. Commoners could petition the Emperor to remove local officials.[5] The Huabiao, a ceremonial column common in traditional Chinese architecture, is believed to have originated from signboards set up by ancient rulers to offer an avenue for the public to write petitions.[6]

Main article: Petitioning (China)

In modern China the use of local petitioning bureaus remains common, however, those who remain dissatisfied still travel to the capital as a last resort to appeal to the central government.[7] The National Public Complaints and Proposals Administration (Chinese: 国家信访局) and local bureaus of letters and calls receive suggestions and grievances. The officers then channel the issues to respective departments and monitor the progress of settlement, which they feedback to the filing parties.[8] If unsatisfied, they can move up the hierarchy to bring complaints to the next higher level.[9][10]

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union (2000), Article 44
  2. ^ Basic Law for the Federal Republic of Germany, Article 17
  3. ^ Grundgesetz, Art. 17 (dejure.org)
  4. ^ "The Right to Petition". Illinois First Amendment Center. Archived from the original on April 11, 2013.
  5. ^ Brook, Timothy (1999). The Confusions of Pleasure: Commerce and Culture in Ming China. University of California Press. pp. 33–34. ISBN 978-0-520-22154-3..
  6. ^ "Culture of Beijing: Huabiao". Archived from the original on 2021-06-24. Retrieved 2019-04-17.
  7. ^ James Reynolds (9 April 2009). "Petitions in China". BBC. Retrieved 2009-04-08.
  8. ^ "Chinese official web site:国家信访局". Retrieved 2009-04-08.
  9. ^ "ÎÞ±êÌâÎĵµ". www.bjreview.cn. Archived from the original on 2016-12-06. Retrieved 2019-12-05.
  10. ^ HRW's "Alleyway" citing Jonathan K. Ocko, "I'll take it all the way to Beijing: Capital appeals in the Qing," Journal of Asian Studies, vol. 47.2 (May 1988), p.294
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