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{{unreferenced|date=November 2008}}
{{more citations needed|date=August 2019}}
{{Infobox Town AT|
{{Infobox settlement
name=Friesach|
| name = Friesach
| native_name =
name_local=|
| settlement_type =
image_photo = Friesach Stadtansicht 14042007 01.jpg|
<!-- Images -->
image_caption = Friesach with Petersberg Castle|
| image_skyline = Friesach Stadtansicht 14042007 01.jpg
image_coa = Wappen at friesach.png|
| imagesize =
image_map = Map at friesach.png|
| image_caption = Friesach with Petersberg Castle
state = [[Carinthia (state)|Carinthia]] |
| image_shield = Wappen at friesach.png
regbzk = |
| shield_size = 80x110px
district = [[Sankt Veit an der Glan (district)|Sankt Veit an der Glan]]|
| shield_link =
population =5266|
<!-- Maps -->
population_as_of = 2005|
| pushpin_map = Austria
population_ref =|
| pushpin_mapsize = 270
pop_dens = 44|
| pushpin_map_caption = Location within Austria
area = 120.83|
| image_map =
elevation = 634|
| mapsize =
lat_deg=46|
| map_alt =
lat_min=57|
| map_caption = Location within [[Sankt Veit an der Glan (district)|Sankt Veit an der Glan]] district
lat_hem=N|
<!-- Location -->
lon_deg=14|
| coordinates = {{coord|46|57|N|14|25|E|display=inline,title}}
lon_min=25|
| subdivision_type = Country
lon_hem=E|
| subdivision_name = [[Austria]]
postal_code = 9360|
| subdivision_type1 = [[States of Austria|State]]
area_code =04268|
| subdivision_name1 = [[Carinthia]]
mayor = Josef Kronlechner ([[SPÖ]])|
| subdivision_type2 = [[District (Austria)|District]]
website = [http://www.friesach.at www.friesach.at]|
| subdivision_name2 = [[Sankt Veit an der Glan (district)|Sankt Veit an der Glan]]
| parts_type =
| parts_style = para
| p1 =
<!-- Leaders -->
| leader_title = [[Burgomaster|Mayor]]
| leader_name = Josef Kronlechner ([[SPÖ]])
| leader_party =
| leader_title1 =
| leader_name1 =
<!-- Statistics -->
| area_footnotes = {{Austria population Wikidata|area_footnotes}}
| area_total_km2 = {{Austria population Wikidata|area_total_km2}}
| area_metro_km2 =
| elevation_m = 634
| elevation_max_m =
| elevation_min_m =
| population_as_of = {{Austria population Wikidata|population_as_of}}
| population_footnotes = {{Austria population Wikidata|population_footnotes}}
| population_total = {{Austria population Wikidata|population_total}}
| population_urban =
| population_metro =
| population_note =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| established_title =
| established_date =
| timezone = [[Central European Time|CET]]
| timezone_DST = [[Central European Summer Time|CEST]]
| utc_offset = +1
| utc_offset_DST = +2
| registration_plate =
| postal_code_type = [[List of postal codes in Austria|Postal code]]
| postal_code = 9360
| area_code_type = [[Telephone numbers in Austria|Area code]]
| area_code = 04268
| website = [http://www.friesach.at www.friesach.at]
| footnotes =
}}
}}
'''Friesach''' ({{lang-sl|Breže}}) is a historic town in the [[Sankt Veit an der Glan (district)|Sankt Veit an der Glan]] district of [[Carinthia (state)|Carinthia]], [[Austria]]. First mentioned in a 860 deed, it is known as the oldest town in Carinthia.
'''Friesach''' ({{lang-sl|Breže}}) is a historic town in the [[Sankt Veit an der Glan (district)|Sankt Veit an der Glan]] district of [[Carinthia (state)|Carinthia]], [[Austria]]. First mentioned in an 860 deed, it is known as the oldest town in Carinthia.

[[File:Nördlicher Stadtgraben in Friesach.JPG|thumb|left|Town fortification]]
==Geography==
==Geography==
===Location===
===Location===
Friesach covers an area of 120.83&nbsp;km² and its mean elevation is 631&nbsp;meters above sea level. It is located in northern Carinthia near the border with [[Styria]], about {{convert|40|km|mi|abbr=on}} north of its capital [[Klagenfurt]].
Friesach covers an area of 120.83&nbsp;km<sup>2</sup> and its mean elevation is 631&nbsp;meters above sea level. It is located in northern Carinthia near the border with [[Styria]], about {{convert|40|km|mi|abbr=on}} north of its capital [[Klagenfurt]].


===Municipal arrangement===
===Populated places===
Friesach is divided into the following ''[[Katastralgemeinde]]n'': Friesach, St. Salvator and Zeltschach.
The municipality of Friesach consists of the following [[cadastral community|cadastral communities]] (or ''[[katastralgemeinde]]n''): Friesach, St. Salvator and Zeltschach; while further subdivided into 43 populated places (with population in brackets as of 1 January 2022).


{{col-begin|width=70%}}
It can be further divided into Friesach proper and the villages and hamlets of Dobritsch, Dörfl, Engelsdorf, Gaisberg, Grafendorf, Guldendorf, Gundersdorf, Gunzenberg, Gwerz, Harold, Hartmannsdorf, Hundsdorf, Ingolsthal, Judendorf, Kräuping, Leimersberg, Mayerhofen, Moserwinkl, Oberdorf I, Oberdorf II, Olsa, Pabenberg, Reisenberg, Roßbach, Sattelbogen, Schratzbach, Schwall, Silbermann, St. Johann, St. Salvator, St. Stefan, Staudachhof, Stegsdorf, Timrian, Wagendorf, Wels, Wiegen, Wiesen, Zeltschach, Zeltschachberg, Zienitzen, Zmuck.
{{col-break}}
* Dobritsch (13)
* Dörfl (13)
* Engelsdorf (377)
* '''Friesach''' (Breže) (1933)
* Gaisberg (77)
* Grafendorf (246)
* Guldendorf (4)
* Gundersdorf (5)
* Gunzenberg (8)
* Gwerz (51)
* Harold (18)
{{col-break}}
* Hartmannsdorf (11)
* Hundsdorf (5)
* Ingolsthal (90)
* Judendorf (66)
* Kräuping (14)
* Leimersberg (12)
* Mayerhofen (8)
* Moserwinkl (22)
* Oberdorf I (24)
* Oberdorf II (13)
* Olsa (465)
{{col-break}}
* Pabenberg (45)
* Reisenberg (25)
* Roßbach (50)
* St. Johann (124)
* ''St. Salvator'' (528)
* St. Stefan (81)
* Sattelbogen (12)
* Schratzbach (31)
* Schwall (48)
* Silbermann (19)
* Staudachhof (38)
{{col-break}}
* Stegsdorf (16)
* Timrian (13)
* Wagendorf (6)
* Wels (5)
* Wiegen (9)
* Wiesen (11)
* ''Zeltschach'' (Selče) (187)
* Zeltschachberg (19)
* Zienitzen (134)
* Zmuck (17)
{{col-end}}


==History==
==History==
In 860 King [[Louis the German]] of [[East Francia]] donated the lands of the estate ''ad Friesah'' - derived from [[Slavic languages|Slavic]] ''Breza'' ([[birch]]) - in the Bavarian [[March of Carinthia]] (Carantania) to Archbishop Adalwin of [[Archbishopric of Salzburg|Salzburg]]. From about 740 [[Bavarii|Bavarians]] had crossed the [[Central Eastern Alps]] and settled among the Slavic [[Carantanians]].
In 860 King [[Louis the German]] of [[East Francia]] donated the lands of the estate ''ad Friesah'' - derived from [[Slavic languages|Slavic]] ''Breza'' ([[birch]]) - in the Bavarian [[March of Carinthia]] (Carantania) to Archbishop Adalwin of [[Archbishopric of Salzburg|Salzburg]]. From about 740 [[Bavarii|Bavarians]] had crossed the [[Central Eastern Alps]] and settled among the Slavic [[Carantanians]].
[[File:Friesach Petersberg und Peterskirche 14042007 01.jpg|thumb|left|Petersberg Castle]]
[[File:Friesach Petersberg Burg und Peterskirche 14042007 01.jpg|thumb|left|Petersberg Castle]]
After the formation of the [[Duchy of Carinthia]] in 976, Friesach remained a southern Salzburg exclave and a strategically important outpost. About 1076 Archbishop [[Gebhard of Salzburg]], a follower of [[Pope Gregory VII]] in the [[Investiture Controversy]], had the [[Burgruine Petersberg|Petersberg]] fortress erected above the town in order to prevent Emperor [[Henry IV, Holy Roman Emperor|Henry IV]] from crossing the Alps. The archbishop also had fierce enemies in the Carinthian ducal [[House of Sponheim]], who after his deposition made several attempts to take possession of Friesach. Constant attacks by Duke [[Engelbert, Duke of Carinthia|Engelbert]] were finally rejected in 1124. In 1149 King [[Conrad III of Germany]] stayed at the castle on his way back from the [[Second Crusade]], as well as [[Richard I of England|Richard the Lionheart]] in 1192, one more time escaping from the guards of Duke [[Leopold V, Duke of Austria|Leopold V of Austria]]. The fortress continued to be an important power basis of the Salzburg prince-archbishops throughout the Middle Ages, once again enlarged and strengthened by [[Leonhard von Keutschach]] from 1495 onwards.
After the formation of the [[Duchy of Carinthia]] in 976, Friesach remained a southern Salzburg exclusive and a strategically important outpost. About 1076 Archbishop [[Gebhard of Salzburg]], a follower of [[Pope Gregory VII]] in the [[Investiture Controversy]], had the [[Burgruine Petersberg|Petersberg]] fortress erected above the town in order to prevent Emperor [[Henry IV, Holy Roman Emperor|Henry IV]] from crossing the Alps. The archbishop also had fierce enemies in the Carinthian ducal [[House of Sponheim]], who after his deposition made several attempts to take possession of Friesach. Constant attacks by Duke [[Engelbert, Duke of Carinthia|Engelbert]] were finally repelled in 1124. In 1149 King [[Conrad III of Germany]] stayed at the castle on his way back from the [[Second Crusade]], as did [[Richard I of England|Richard the Lionheart]] returning from the [[Third Crusade]] in 1192, attempting to elude the guards of Duke [[Leopold V, Duke of Austria|Leopold V of Austria]].


[[File:Nördlicher Stadtgraben in Friesach.JPG|thumb|left|Town fortification]]
The settlement of Friesach beneath Petersberg Castle received [[German town law|town privileges]] in 1215. During the [[Middle Ages]], it was a principal [[market town]] and commercial centre due to an important trade route from [[Vienna]] to [[Venice]] that ran through the city. The town flourished when Archbishop [[Eberhard II of Regensberg]] (1200-1246) made it the second largest city in the [[Archdiocese of Salzburg]] and the most important town in Carinthia. From local silver resources it even minted its own currency called the ''Friesacher Pfennig'' or ''[[Frizatik]]'', widely used within the Austrian and [[Kingdom of Hungary|Hungarian]] lands in the 12th century. The importance of the town diminuished with the rise of the [[House of Habsburg]], Carinthian dukes since 1335. It nevertheless belonged to Salzburg until the [[German Mediatisation|secularisation]] of the archbishopric in 1803, when Friesach finally fell to Carinthia.
The settlement of Friesach beneath Petersberg Castle received [[German town law|town privileges]] in 1215. During the [[Middle Ages]], it was a principal [[market town]] and commercial centre due to an important trade route from [[Vienna]] to [[Venice]] that ran through the city. The town flourished when Archbishop [[Eberhard II of Regensberg]] (1200-1246) made it the second largest city in the [[Archdiocese of Salzburg]] and the most important town in Carinthia. From local silver resources it even minted its own currency called the ''Friesacher Pfennig'' or ''[[Frizatik]]'', widely used within the Austrian and [[Kingdom of Hungary|Hungarian]] lands in the 12th century. The town gained in regional importance, and by the 13th century the Friesach ''pfennig'' was the standard coin used in the eastern Alps - circulated even as far as Croatia.<ref>Freed, John B. "Medieval German Social History". ''Central European History''. 25:1 (1992). 7.</ref> The importance of the town diminished with the rise of the [[House of Habsburg]], Carinthian dukes since 1335. The fortress, however, continued to be an important power basis of the Salzburg prince-archbishops throughout the Middle Ages, once again enlarged and strengthened by [[Leonhard von Keutschach]] from 1495 onwards. It nevertheless belonged to Salzburg until the [[German Mediatisation|secularisation]] of the archbishopric in 1803, when Friesach finally fell to Carinthia.


==Demographics==
==Demographics==
As of the 2001 census, Friesach has 5,335 inhabitants. Of that, 89.8% are Roman Catholic, 2.6% are Evangelist and 1.5% are Muslims. 4.8% of the population is non-religious.
At the 2001 census Friesach had 5,335 inhabitants. Of that, 89.8% are Roman Catholic, 2.6% are Protestant and 1.5% are Muslims. 4.8% of the population is non-religious.


==Objects of interest==
==Objects of interest==
[[File:Friesach-pfarrkirche.jpg|thumb|St. Bartholomew]]
[[File:Friesach-pfarrkirche.jpg|thumb|St. Bartholomew]]
[[File:Friesacher-stadbrunnen.jpg|thumb|Town centre]]
[[File:Friesacher-Stadtbrunnen.jpg|thumb|Town centre]]
The mediæval town around the [[Romanesque architecture|Romanesque]] parish church of Saint Bartholomew and its city walls are preserved in quite good condition. From the 13th century on the Salzburg Archbishops stayed at the ''Fürstenhof'' residence. Furthermore:
The mediæval town around the [[Romanesque architecture|Romanesque]] parish church of Saint Bartholomew and its city walls are preserved in quite good condition. From the 13th century on the Salzburg Archbishops stayed at the ''Fürstenhof'' residence. Other areas of interest include:
*Church of St. Blaise
*Church of St. Blaise
*[[Dominican Order|Dominican]] monastery
*[[Dominican Order|Dominican]] monastery, which contains noted medieval carvings and sculptures
*[[Teutonic Knights]]' church and hospital
*[[Teutonic Knights]]' church and hospital
*[[Burgruine Petersberg]]


==Economy==
==Economy==
Friesach has several small to medium-sized industries, including metalworking and textilemaking. Like most regions of Carinthia, the town mainly depends on tourism. With the Teutonic Order hospital, it is also a supraregional health centre.
Friesach has several small to medium-sized industries, including metalworking and textilemaking. Like most regions of Carinthia, the town mainly depends on tourism (such as a ruined castle and a chocolate museum). With the Teutonic Order hospital, it is also a supraregional health centre.

==Sustainability==
In 2021, the town began fulfilling much of the electricity and hot water demands by way of the largest solar farm in Austria, a nearby 5,750 square metre installation that generates 2.8 million kilowatt-hours of power per year.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Balgaranov|first=Denis|date=16 August 2021|title=Austria's biggest solar farm opens today|url=https://www.themayor.eu/en/a/view/austria-s-biggest-solar-farm-opens-today-8653|website=TheMayor.eu}}</ref>


==Politics==
==Politics==

===Municipal Council===
===Municipal Council===
As of the 2009 elections, Friesach's local council (''Gemeinderat'') consists of 23 members of the following parties:
At the 2009 elections, Friesach's local council (''Gemeinderat'') consisted of 23 members of the following parties:
*13 [[SPÖ]]
*13 [[SPÖ]]
*5 LSM (Independent)
*5 LSM (Independent)
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* [[Image:Flag of Germany.svg|20px]] [[Bad Griesbach]], [[Germany]]
* [[Image:Flag of Germany.svg|20px]] [[Bad Griesbach]], [[Germany]]


==Born in Friesach==
==Notable people==
[[File:Nicole Schmidhofer Sporthilfe-Gala 2017.jpg|thumb|175px|[[Nicole Schmidhofer]], 2017]]
* [[Josef Bucher]], August 19, 1965, politician
* [[Heinrich Harrer]] (1912 – 2006), Austrian mountaineer, sportsman, geographer, and author of the books ''Seven Years in Tibet'' (1952) and ''The White Spider'' (1959), died locally
* [[Gerda Hofstatter]], February 9, 1971, professional billiards player
* [[Nik P.]] (born 1962) , real name ''Nikolaus Presnik'', an Austrian [[schlager]] singer.
* [[Robert Stadlober]], August 3, 1982, actor
* [[Josef Bucher]] (born 1965), politician (BZÖ)
* [[Jürgen Säumel]], September 8, 1984, football player
* [[Robert Stadlober]] (born 1982), actor and musician.
=== Sport ===
* [[Gerda Hofstätter]] (born 1971), professional billiards and pool player
* [[Jürgen Säumel]] (born 1984), football player, played 313 games and 20 for [[Austria national football team|Austria]]
* [[Nicole Schmidhofer]] (born 1989), an Austrian former World Cup alpine ski racer and world champion at the [[FIS Alpine World Ski Championships 2017 – Women's super-G]]


==References==
==References==
Line 84: Line 180:


==External links==
==External links==
{{Commons category|Friesach}}
* [http://www.friesach.at/friesach/friesach_engl.htm Medieval Friesach official site]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20100901112416/http://www.friesach.at/friesach/friesach_engl.htm Medieval Friesach official site]
* [http://www.walledtowns.com/index.php/de/walledtowns/austria/friesach Walled Towns Friendship Circle]


{{Commonscat|Friesach}}
{{Cities and towns in Sankt Veit an der Glan (district)}}
{{Cities and towns in Sankt Veit an der Glan (district)}}


{{Authority control}}
[[Category:Cities and towns in Carinthia (state)]]


[[Category:Cities and towns in Sankt Veit an der Glan District]]
[[bg:Фризах]]
[[de:Friesach (Kärnten)]]
[[fr:Friesach]]
[[it:Friesach]]
[[nl:Friesach]]
[[uz:Friesach (Karintiya)]]
[[pl:Friesach]]
[[pt:Friesach]]
[[ru:Фризах (Каринтия)]]
[[sk:Friesach]]
[[sl:Breže (Koroška)]]
[[sv:Friesach]]
[[vi:Friesach]]
[[vo:Friesach]]
[[war:Friesach]]
[[zh:弗里薩赫]]

Latest revision as of 13:14, 13 April 2024

Friesach
Friesach with Petersberg Castle
Friesach with Petersberg Castle
Coat of arms of Friesach
Coat of arms
Friesach is located in Austria
Friesach
Friesach
Location within Austria
Coordinates: 46°57′N 14°25′E / 46.950°N 14.417°E / 46.950; 14.417
CountryAustria
StateCarinthia
DistrictSankt Veit an der Glan
Government
 • MayorJosef Kronlechner (SPÖ)
Area
[1]
 • Total120.81 km2 (46.65 sq mi)
Elevation
634 m (2,080 ft)
Population
 (2018-01-01)[2]
 • Total4,947
 • Density41/km2 (110/sq mi)
Time zoneUTC+1 (CET)
 • Summer (DST)UTC+2 (CEST)
Postal code
9360
Area code04268
Websitewww.friesach.at

Friesach (Slovene: Breže) is a historic town in the Sankt Veit an der Glan district of Carinthia, Austria. First mentioned in an 860 deed, it is known as the oldest town in Carinthia.

Geography

[edit]

Location

[edit]

Friesach covers an area of 120.83 km2 and its mean elevation is 631 meters above sea level. It is located in northern Carinthia near the border with Styria, about 40 km (25 mi) north of its capital Klagenfurt.

Populated places

[edit]

The municipality of Friesach consists of the following cadastral communities (or katastralgemeinden): Friesach, St. Salvator and Zeltschach; while further subdivided into 43 populated places (with population in brackets as of 1 January 2022).

History

[edit]

In 860 King Louis the German of East Francia donated the lands of the estate ad Friesah - derived from Slavic Breza (birch) - in the Bavarian March of Carinthia (Carantania) to Archbishop Adalwin of Salzburg. From about 740 Bavarians had crossed the Central Eastern Alps and settled among the Slavic Carantanians.

Petersberg Castle

After the formation of the Duchy of Carinthia in 976, Friesach remained a southern Salzburg exclusive and a strategically important outpost. About 1076 Archbishop Gebhard of Salzburg, a follower of Pope Gregory VII in the Investiture Controversy, had the Petersberg fortress erected above the town in order to prevent Emperor Henry IV from crossing the Alps. The archbishop also had fierce enemies in the Carinthian ducal House of Sponheim, who after his deposition made several attempts to take possession of Friesach. Constant attacks by Duke Engelbert were finally repelled in 1124. In 1149 King Conrad III of Germany stayed at the castle on his way back from the Second Crusade, as did Richard the Lionheart returning from the Third Crusade in 1192, attempting to elude the guards of Duke Leopold V of Austria.

Town fortification

The settlement of Friesach beneath Petersberg Castle received town privileges in 1215. During the Middle Ages, it was a principal market town and commercial centre due to an important trade route from Vienna to Venice that ran through the city. The town flourished when Archbishop Eberhard II of Regensberg (1200-1246) made it the second largest city in the Archdiocese of Salzburg and the most important town in Carinthia. From local silver resources it even minted its own currency called the Friesacher Pfennig or Frizatik, widely used within the Austrian and Hungarian lands in the 12th century. The town gained in regional importance, and by the 13th century the Friesach pfennig was the standard coin used in the eastern Alps - circulated even as far as Croatia.[3] The importance of the town diminished with the rise of the House of Habsburg, Carinthian dukes since 1335. The fortress, however, continued to be an important power basis of the Salzburg prince-archbishops throughout the Middle Ages, once again enlarged and strengthened by Leonhard von Keutschach from 1495 onwards. It nevertheless belonged to Salzburg until the secularisation of the archbishopric in 1803, when Friesach finally fell to Carinthia.

Demographics

[edit]

At the 2001 census Friesach had 5,335 inhabitants. Of that, 89.8% are Roman Catholic, 2.6% are Protestant and 1.5% are Muslims. 4.8% of the population is non-religious.

Objects of interest

[edit]
St. Bartholomew
Town centre

The mediæval town around the Romanesque parish church of Saint Bartholomew and its city walls are preserved in quite good condition. From the 13th century on the Salzburg Archbishops stayed at the Fürstenhof residence. Other areas of interest include:

Economy

[edit]

Friesach has several small to medium-sized industries, including metalworking and textilemaking. Like most regions of Carinthia, the town mainly depends on tourism (such as a ruined castle and a chocolate museum). With the Teutonic Order hospital, it is also a supraregional health centre.

Sustainability

[edit]

In 2021, the town began fulfilling much of the electricity and hot water demands by way of the largest solar farm in Austria, a nearby 5,750 square metre installation that generates 2.8 million kilowatt-hours of power per year.[4]

Politics

[edit]

Municipal Council

[edit]

At the 2009 elections, Friesach's local council (Gemeinderat) consisted of 23 members of the following parties:

  • 13 SPÖ
  • 5 LSM (Independent)
  • 3 BZÖ
  • 2 BFF (Independent)
  • 1 FPÖ

Twin towns

[edit]
See also: List of twin towns and sister cities in Austria

Friesach is twinned with:

Notable people

[edit]
Nicole Schmidhofer, 2017
  • Heinrich Harrer (1912 – 2006), Austrian mountaineer, sportsman, geographer, and author of the books Seven Years in Tibet (1952) and The White Spider (1959), died locally
  • Nik P. (born 1962) , real name Nikolaus Presnik, an Austrian schlager singer.
  • Josef Bucher (born 1965), politician (BZÖ)
  • Robert Stadlober (born 1982), actor and musician.

Sport

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ "Dauersiedlungsraum der Gemeinden Politischen Bezirke und Bundesländer - Gebietsstand 1.1.2018". Statistics Austria. Retrieved 10 March 2019.
  2. ^ "Einwohnerzahl 1.1.2018 nach Gemeinden mit Status, Gebietsstand 1.1.2018". Statistics Austria. Retrieved 9 March 2019.
  3. ^ Freed, John B. "Medieval German Social History". Central European History. 25:1 (1992). 7.
  4. ^ Balgaranov, Denis (16 August 2021). "Austria's biggest solar farm opens today". TheMayor.eu.
[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Friesach.
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