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{{Short description|British politician and suffragist}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2013}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2020}}
{{Infobox MP
{{Infobox officeholder
| honorific-prefix =
| honorific-prefix =
| name = Barbara Ayrton-Gould
| name = Barbara Ayrton-Gould
| honorific-suffix = [[Member of Parliament|MP]]
| image =
| honorific-suffix =
| image = Barbara Ayrton-Gould.jpg
| caption =
| caption = Ayrton-Gould in 1924
| birth_date ={{Birth date|df=yes|1886|6|1}}<!-- While the year and month of her birth are know, the day is not. I used the number "1" to allow accurate parameter usage -->
⚫
| birth_date = {{Birth date|df=yes|1886|4|3}}
| birth_name = Barbara Bodichon Ayrton
| birth_name = Barbara Bodichon Ayrton
| birth_place = [[Kensington]], London
| birth_place = [[Kensington]], London, England
⚫
| death_date = {{Death date and age|df=yes|1950|10|14|1886|6|1}}
| death_date = {{Death date and age|df=yes|1950|10|14|1886|6|1}}
|death_place =
| death_place =
| office = [[Member of Parliament (UK)|Member of Parliament]] for [[Hendon North (UK Parliament constituency)|Hendon North]]
| office = [[Member of Parliament (United Kingdom)|Member of Parliament]]<br />for [[Hendon North (UK Parliament constituency)|Hendon North]]
| term_start = 5 July 1945
| term_start = 5 July 1945
| term_end = 22 February 1950
| term_end = 3 February 1950
| predecessor = Constituency established
| predecessor = ''Constituency established''
| successor = [[Ian Orr-Ewing, Baron Orr-Ewing|Sir Ian Orr-Ewing]]
| successor = [[Ian Orr-Ewing, Baron Orr-Ewing|Ian Orr-Ewing]]
| parliament = United Kingdom
| parliament = United Kingdom
| party = [[Labour Party (UK)|Labour Party]]
| party = [[Labour Party (UK)|Labour Party]]
| spouse = [[Gerald Gould]]
| spouse = [[Gerald Gould]]
| relations = [[William Edward Ayrton]] (father)<br>[[Hertha Marks Ayrton]] (mother)<br>[[Michael Ayrton]] (son)
| relations = {{ubl|[[William Edward Ayrton]] (father)|[[Hertha Marks Ayrton]] (mother)|[[Edith Ayrton]] (half-sister)|[[Michael Ayrton]] (son)}}
| nationality = [[United Kingdom|British]]
| alma_mater = [[University College, London]]
| nationality = British
| alma_mater = [[University College, London]]
| nickname = Barbie<ref>Ogilvie, Marilyn Bailey (1986). Women in Science: Antiquity Through the Nineteenth Century (3rd ed.). Cambridge, Massachusetts: MIT Press. ISBN 0-262-15031-X.</ref>
| nickname = Barbie<ref>{{cite book |last=Ogilvie |first=Marilyn Bailey |year=1986 |title=Women in Science: Antiquity Through the Nineteenth Century |edition=3rd |location=Cambridge, Massachusetts |publisher=MIT Press |isbn=0-262-15031-X}}</ref>
}}
}}
'''Barbara Bodichon Ayrton-Gould''' (née '''Ayrton'''; June 1886 – 14 October 1950) was a [[Labour Party (UK)|Labour]] politician and suffragist in the United Kingdom.
'''Barbara Bodichon Ayrton-Gould''' (née '''Ayrton'''; 3 April 1886<ref>{{Cite ODNB|url=https://www.oxforddnb.com/view/10.1093/ref:odnb/9780198614128.001.0001/odnb-9780198614128-e-50046|title=Gould, Barbara Bodichon Ayrton (1886–1950), suffragist and politician|year=2004|language=en|doi=10.1093/ref:odnb/50046|access-date=2020-04-17|last1=Kelly|first1=Serena}}</ref> – 14 October 1950) was a British [[Labour Party (UK)|Labour]] politician and suffragist who served as the [[Member of Parliament (United Kingdom)|Member of Parliament]] (MP) for [[Hendon North (UK Parliament constituency)|Hendon North]] from 1945 to 1950.


==Background and family life==
==Background and family life==
Ayrton-Gould was born in [[Kensington]], London, the daughter of prominent electrical engineers and inventors [[Hertha Marks Ayrton]] and [[William Edward Ayrton]]. She was educated at [[Notting Hill High School]], and studied chemistry and physiology at [[University College, London]].<ref name="Craw">[https://books.google.nl/books?id=ygXwlK_mj50C&pg=PT719&lpg=PT719&dq=barbara+gould+%22democratic+plea%22&source=bl&ots=MxZOpOwEYt&sig=ZuR1SKcdPots__bDqzYHnD9FB74&hl=nl&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjn6pm0vLHJAhVHnA4KHeqyAu4Q6AEIMTAB#v=onepage&q=barbara%20gould%20%22democratic%20plea%22&f=false The Women's Suffrage Movement: A Reference Guide 1866-1928] by Elizabeth Crawford; UCL Press, 1999</ref> She married the writer [[Gerald Gould]] (1885–1936);<ref name="WMN">{{cite news |title=FORMER M.P.-Death of Mrs. Barbara Ayrton Gould|work=[[Western Morning News]] |date=16 October 1950 |accessdate=2015-10-12 |url=http://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000329/19501016/010/0001| via = [[British Newspaper Archive]]|subscription=yes}}</ref> the artist [[Michael Ayrton]] (1921–1975) was their son. Until 1930, Gould worked as publicity manager of the [[Daily Herald (UK newspaper)|Daily Herald]].<ref name="Craw"/>
Ayrton-Gould was born in [[Kensington]], London, the daughter of prominent electrical engineers and inventors [[Hertha Marks Ayrton]] and [[William Edward Ayrton]]. She was educated at [[Notting Hill High School]], and studied chemistry and physics<ref name=":0" /> at [[University College, London]].<ref name="Craw">{{cite book | last=Crawford | first=E. | title=The Women's Suffrage Movement: A Reference Guide 1866–1928 | publisher=Taylor & Francis | series=Women's and Gender History | year=2003 | isbn=978-1-135-43401-4 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ygXwlK_mj50C&pg=PT719}}</ref> She married the writer [[Gerald Gould]] (1885–1936);<ref name="WMN">{{cite news |title=FORMER M.P.-Death of Mrs. Barbara Ayrton Gould|work=[[Western Morning News]] |date=16 October 1950 |accessdate=2015-10-12 |url=http://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000329/19501016/010/0001| via = [[British Newspaper Archive]]|url-access=subscription }}</ref> the artist [[Michael Ayrton]] (1921–1975) was their son. Until 1930, Gould worked as publicity manager of the [[Daily Herald (UK newspaper)|Daily Herald]].<ref name="Craw"/>


==Suffrage work==
==Suffrage work==
In 1906, Ayrton-Gould became a member of the [[Women's Social and Political Union]] and was a full-time organizer for them by 1909.<ref name="biography1">[http://www.biography.com/news/suffragette-movie-history 'Suffragette': The Real Women Who Inspired the Film]; ''[[FYI (U.S. TV channel)|Bio.]]'', 23 October 2015, by Sara Kettler</ref> She wrote the pro-suffrage pamphlet ''The Democratic Plea'' for the [[Men's Political Union for Women's Enfranchisement]].<ref name="Craw"/><ref name="biography1"/>
[[File:Barbara Ayrton-Gould dressed as Grace Darling, promoting the Women’s exhibition, May 1909 (cropped).jpg|thumb|left|Ayrton dressed as [[Grace Darling]] to promote the WSPU Women's exhibition, in May 1909]]
In 1906, she became a member of the [[Women's Social and Political Union]] and gave up her science research<ref name=":0" /> to be a full-time organizer for them by 1909.<ref name="biography1">[http://www.biography.com/news/suffragette-movie-history 'Suffragette': The Real Women Who Inspired the Film]; ''[[FYI (U.S. TV channel)|Bio.]]'', 23 October 2015, by Sara Kettler</ref> She wrote the pro-suffrage pamphlet ''The Democratic Plea'' for the [[Men's Political Union for Women's Enfranchisement]].<ref name="Craw"/><ref name="biography1"/>


In March 1912, Ayrton-Gould participated in smashing store windows in the [[West End of London]] for suffrage, for which she served time in prison.<ref name="biography1"/> On her release, in 1913, she went to France, disguised as a schoolgirl, so she would not be arrested again.<ref name="Craw"/><ref name="biography1"/>
In March 1912, Ayrton-Gould participated in smashing store windows in the [[West End of London]] for suffrage, for which she served time in prison.<ref name="biography1"/> On her release, in 1913, she went to France, disguised as a schoolgirl, so she would not be arrested again.<ref name="Craw"/><ref name="biography1"/>
Line 37: Line 39:


==Political office==
==Political office==
Ayrton-Gould became a member of the [[National Executive Committee]] of the Labour Party in 1929,<ref name="DET">{{cite news |title=Mrs Ayrton-Gould Withdraws |work=[[Dundee Evening Telegraph]] |date=5 September 1950 |accessdate=2015-10-12 |url=http://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000563/19500905/017/0003| via = [[British Newspaper Archive]]|subscription=yes}}</ref> and served as vice-Chair in 1938 and Chair of the Labour Party from 1939 to 1940.<ref name="WMN"/> As from 1922, she made four unsuccessful attempts to get elected as MP.<ref name="Craw"/> During the [[United Kingdom general election, 1929|general election of 1929]] she missed victory in [[Northwich (UK Parliament constituency)|Northwich]] by only four votes.<ref name="GE">{{cite news |title=THIRTEEN WOMEN MEMBERS |work=[[Gloucestershire Echo]] |date=1 June 1929 |accessdate=2015-10-15 |url=http://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000320/19290601/017/0001| via = [[British Newspaper Archive]]|subscription=yes}}</ref> The fifth time, Gould was elected [[Member of Parliament]] for newly created [[Hendon North (UK Parliament constituency)|Hendon North constituency]] in [[United Kingdom general election, 1945|Labour's landslide victory of 1945]].<ref name="WMN"/> The forerunner constituency, Hendon, had since 1935 grown considerably in population (and to some extent number of homes) and was split in two; it had been solidly won by [[Conservative Party (UK)|Conservative]] candidates since 1910, however the north division fell to Gould's campaign, a feat not to be repeated until 1997 by a Labour candidate. In Parliament, the two main issues of Gould's concern were food supplies and child poverty. Thus, she succeeded in introducing a resolution which called for a government enquiry into [[child neglect]].<ref name="LabourList">Perera, Kathryn (2011-01-03). For what we have done and for what we have failed to do: Barbara Ayrton Gould. [[LabourList]], 3 January 2011. Retrieved from http://labourlist.org/2011/01/for-what-we-have-done-and-for-what-we-have-failed-to-do-barbara-ayrton-gould/.</ref>
Ayrton-Gould became a member of the [[National Executive Committee of the Labour Party|National Executive Committee]] of the Labour Party in 1929,<ref name="DET">{{cite news |title=Mrs Ayrton-Gould Withdraws |work=[[Dundee Evening Telegraph]] |date=5 September 1950 |accessdate=2015-10-12 |url=http://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000563/19500905/017/0003| via = [[British Newspaper Archive]]|url-access=subscription }}</ref> and served as vice-Chair in 1938 and Chair of the Labour Party from 1939 to 1940.<ref name="WMN"/> As from 1922, she made four unsuccessful attempts to get elected as MP.<ref name="Craw"/> During the [[1929 United Kingdom general election|general election of 1929]] she missed victory in [[Northwich (UK Parliament constituency)|Northwich]] by only four votes.<ref name="GE">{{cite news |title=THIRTEEN WOMEN MEMBERS |work=[[Gloucestershire Echo]] |date=1 June 1929 |accessdate=2015-10-15 |url=http://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000320/19290601/017/0001| via = [[British Newspaper Archive]]|url-access=subscription }}</ref> The fifth time, Gould was elected [[Member of Parliament (United Kingdom)|Member of Parliament]] for newly created [[Hendon North (UK Parliament constituency)|Hendon North constituency]] in [[1945 United Kingdom general election|Labour's landslide victory of 1945]].<ref name="WMN"/> The forerunner constituency, Hendon, had since 1935 grown considerably in population (and to some extent number of homes) and was split in two; it had been solidly won by [[Conservative Party (UK)|Conservative]] candidates since 1910, however the north division fell to Gould's campaign, a feat not to be repeated until 1997 by a Labour candidate. In Parliament, the two main issues of Gould's concern were food supplies and [[child poverty]]. Thus, she succeeded in introducing a resolution which called for a government enquiry into [[child neglect]].<ref name="LabourList">Perera, Kathryn (3 January 2011). For what we have done and for what we have failed to do: Barbara Ayrton Gould. [[LabourList]], 3 January 2011. Retrieved from http://labourlist.org/2011/01/for-what-we-have-done-and-for-what-we-have-failed-to-do-barbara-ayrton-gould/.</ref> She also was a [[Justice of the peace|Justice of the Peace]] in [[Marylebone]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|title=Rise up, women! : the remarkable lives of the suffragettes|last=Atkinson|first=Diane|publisher=Bloomsbury|year=2018|isbn=9781408844045|location=London|pages=146, 539|oclc=1016848621}}</ref>


Ayrton-Gould held the seat until [[United Kingdom general election, 1950|losing the next general election (in 1950)]], when it was gained by [[Ian Orr-Ewing]] ([[Conservative Party (UK)|Con]]).<ref name="DET"/> She withdrew as prospective candidate for the constituency in September because of ill health.<ref name="DET"/> A month later Gould died, eight months after leaving the [[British House of Commons|House of Commons]].<ref name="WMN"/>
Ayrton-Gould held the seat until [[1950 United Kingdom general election|losing the next general election (in 1950)]], when it was gained by [[Ian Orr-Ewing]] ([[Conservative Party (UK)|Con]]).<ref name="DET"/> She withdrew as prospective candidate for the constituency in September because of ill health.<ref name="DET"/> A month later Gould died, eight months after leaving the [[British House of Commons|House of Commons]].<ref name="WMN"/>


==References==
==References==
{{reflist}}
{{Reflist}}


==Bibliography==
==Bibliography==
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{{s-new | constituency}}
{{s-new | constituency}}
{{s-ttl
{{s-ttl
| title = [[Member of Parliament]] for [[Hendon North (UK Parliament constituency)|Hendon North]]
| title = [[Member of Parliament (United Kingdom)|Member of Parliament]] for [[Hendon North (UK Parliament constituency)|Hendon North]]
| years = [[United Kingdom general election, 1945|1945]] – [[United Kingdom general election, 1950|1950]]
| years = [[1945 United Kingdom general election|1945]] – [[1950 United Kingdom general election|1950]]
{{s-aft | after = [[Ian Orr-Ewing, Baron Orr-Ewing|Ian Orr-Ewing]] }}
{{s-aft | after = [[Ian Orr-Ewing, Baron Orr-Ewing|Ian Orr-Ewing]] }}
}}
}}
{{s-ppo}}
{{s-ppo}}
{{Succession box| title=Chair of the [[National Executive Committee|Labour Party]] | before=[[George Dallas (Labour politician)|George Dallas]] | after=[[James Walker (Labour politician)|James Walker]]| years= 1939-1940}}
{{Succession box| title=Chair of the [[National Executive Committee of the Labour Party|Labour Party]] | before=[[George Dallas (Labour politician)|George Dallas]] | after=[[James Walker (Labour politician)|James Walker]]| years= 1939–1940}}
{{S-end}}
{{S-end}}
{{Authority control}}


{{DEFAULTSORT:Ayrton-Gould, Barbara}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Ayrton-Gould, Barbara}}
[[Category:1886 births]]
[[Category:1886 births]]
[[Category:1950 deaths]]
[[Category:1950 deaths]]
[[Category:British suffragists]]
[[Category:British people of Polish-Jewish descent]]
[[Category:British people of Polish-Jewish descent]]
[[Category:Labour Party (UK) MPs for English constituencies]]
[[Category:Labour Party (UK) MPs for English constituencies]]
[[Category:Female members of the Parliament of the United Kingdom for English constituencies]]
[[Category:Female members of the Parliament of the United Kingdom for English constituencies]]
[[Category:UK MPs 1945–50]]
[[Category:UK MPs 1945–1950]]
[[Category:Alumni of University College London]]
[[Category:Alumni of University College London]]
[[Category:People educated at Notting Hill & Ealing High School]]
[[Category:People educated at Notting Hill & Ealing High School]]
[[Category:Chairs of the Labour Party (UK)]]
[[Category:Chairs of the Labour Party (UK)]]
[[Category:20th-century women politicians]]
[[Category:20th-century British women politicians]]
[[Category:Ayrton family|Barbara]]
[[Category:Women's Social and Political Union]]

Latest revision as of 01:31, 13 April 2024

Barbara Ayrton-Gould
Ayrton-Gould in 1924
Member of Parliament
for Hendon North
In office
5 July 1945 – 3 February 1950
Preceded byConstituency established
Succeeded byIan Orr-Ewing
Personal details
Born
Barbara Bodichon Ayrton

(1886-04-03)3 April 1886
Kensington, London, England
Died14 October 1950(1950-10-14) (aged 64)
Political partyLabour
SpouseGerald Gould
Relations
Alma materUniversity College, London
NicknameBarbie[1]

Barbara Bodichon Ayrton-Gould (née Ayrton; 3 April 1886[2] – 14 October 1950) was a British Labour politician and suffragist who served as the Member of Parliament (MP) for Hendon North from 1945 to 1950.

Background and family life

[edit]

Ayrton-Gould was born in Kensington, London, the daughter of prominent electrical engineers and inventors Hertha Marks Ayrton and William Edward Ayrton. She was educated at Notting Hill High School, and studied chemistry and physics[3] at University College, London.[4] She married the writer Gerald Gould (1885–1936);[5] the artist Michael Ayrton (1921–1975) was their son. Until 1930, Gould worked as publicity manager of the Daily Herald.[4]

Suffrage work

[edit]
Ayrton dressed as Grace Darling to promote the WSPU Women's exhibition, in May 1909

In 1906, she became a member of the Women's Social and Political Union and gave up her science research[3] to be a full-time organizer for them by 1909.[6] She wrote the pro-suffrage pamphlet The Democratic Plea for the Men's Political Union for Women's Enfranchisement.[4][6]

In March 1912, Ayrton-Gould participated in smashing store windows in the West End of London for suffrage, for which she served time in prison.[6] On her release, in 1913, she went to France, disguised as a schoolgirl, so she would not be arrested again.[4][6]

In 1914, Ayrton-Gould left the Women's Social and Political Union due to frustration with the autocratic tendencies of their leaders, as well as Christabel Pankhurst's continuing absence.[4][6] On 6 February 1914, she, her husband, and Evelyn Sharp founded the United Suffragists,[4] notable for accepting both male and female members.[6] The United Suffragists ended their campaign when 1918's Representation of the People Act gave women limited suffrage in the United Kingdom.[6]

Political office

[edit]

Ayrton-Gould became a member of the National Executive Committee of the Labour Party in 1929,[7] and served as vice-Chair in 1938 and Chair of the Labour Party from 1939 to 1940.[5] As from 1922, she made four unsuccessful attempts to get elected as MP.[4] During the general election of 1929 she missed victory in Northwich by only four votes.[8] The fifth time, Gould was elected Member of Parliament for newly created Hendon North constituency in Labour's landslide victory of 1945.[5] The forerunner constituency, Hendon, had since 1935 grown considerably in population (and to some extent number of homes) and was split in two; it had been solidly won by Conservative candidates since 1910, however the north division fell to Gould's campaign, a feat not to be repeated until 1997 by a Labour candidate. In Parliament, the two main issues of Gould's concern were food supplies and child poverty. Thus, she succeeded in introducing a resolution which called for a government enquiry into child neglect.[9] She also was a Justice of the Peace in Marylebone.[3]

Ayrton-Gould held the seat until losing the next general election (in 1950), when it was gained by Ian Orr-Ewing (Con).[7] She withdrew as prospective candidate for the constituency in September because of ill health.[7] A month later Gould died, eight months after leaving the House of Commons.[5]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Ogilvie, Marilyn Bailey (1986). Women in Science: Antiquity Through the Nineteenth Century (3rd ed.). Cambridge, Massachusetts: MIT Press. ISBN 0-262-15031-X.
  2. ^ Kelly, Serena (2004). "Gould, Barbara Bodichon Ayrton (1886–1950), suffragist and politician". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/50046. Retrieved 17 April 2020. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
  3. ^ a b c Atkinson, Diane (2018). Rise up, women! : the remarkable lives of the suffragettes. London: Bloomsbury. pp. 146, 539. ISBN 9781408844045. OCLC 1016848621.
  4. ^ a b c d e f g Crawford, E. (2003). The Women's Suffrage Movement: A Reference Guide 1866–1928. Women's and Gender History. Taylor & Francis. ISBN 978-1-135-43401-4.
  5. ^ a b c d "FORMER M.P.-Death of Mrs. Barbara Ayrton Gould". Western Morning News. 16 October 1950. Retrieved 12 October 2015 – via British Newspaper Archive.
  6. ^ a b c d e f g 'Suffragette': The Real Women Who Inspired the Film; Bio., 23 October 2015, by Sara Kettler
  7. ^ a b c "Mrs Ayrton-Gould Withdraws". Dundee Evening Telegraph. 5 September 1950. Retrieved 12 October 2015 – via British Newspaper Archive.
  8. ^ "THIRTEEN WOMEN MEMBERS". Gloucestershire Echo. 1 June 1929. Retrieved 15 October 2015 – via British Newspaper Archive.
  9. ^ Perera, Kathryn (3 January 2011). For what we have done and for what we have failed to do: Barbara Ayrton Gould. LabourList, 3 January 2011. Retrieved from http://labourlist.org/2011/01/for-what-we-have-done-and-for-what-we-have-failed-to-do-barbara-ayrton-gould/.

Bibliography

[edit]
[edit]
Parliament of the United Kingdom
New constituency Member of Parliament for Hendon North
1945 – 1950 		Succeeded by
Party political offices
Preceded by Chair of the Labour Party
1939–1940 		Succeeded by
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