Robert T. Craig: Difference between revisions
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{{Short description|American academic (born 1947)}} |
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'''Robert T. Craig''' is a [[Communication theory|communication theorist]] from the [[University of Colorado, Boulder]] who received his BA in Speech at the [[University of Wisconsin–Madison]], and his MA and PhD in communication from [[Michigan State University]].<ref name="vita">{{Cite web|first=Robert|last=Craig|title=Robert Craig Vita|publisher=University of Colorado|date=Dec 24, 2011|url=http://spot.colorado.edu/~craigr/Vitae.pdf|accessdate=Feb 21, 2011|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100612062414/http://spot.colorado.edu/~craigr/Vitae.pdf|archivedate=2010-06-12|df=}}</ref>{{sfn|Craig|2006}} Craig was on the 1988 founding board of the journal "Research on Language and Social Interaction,"<ref name="language editors">{{cite journal|date=January 1988|title=Editorial Board|journal=[http://rolsi.lboro.ac.uk/ Research on Language and Social Interaction]|volume=22|issue=1|publisher=[[Taylor and Francis]]|format=PDF|doi=10.1080/0835181880938929|accessdate= Feb 5, 2011|url=http://rolsi.lboro.ac.uk/1stROLSIedboard1988.pdf|ref=harv}}</ref> a position he continues to hold.<ref>{{Cite web|title=ROLSI Editorial Board|publisher=[[Taylor and Francis]]|year=2011|url= http://rolsi.lboro.ac.uk/board.html|format=http|accessdate=Feb 5, 2011}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=ROLSI Brief history|publisher=[[Taylor and Francis]]|year=2011|url= http://rolsi.lboro.ac.uk/history.html|format=http|accessdate=Feb 5, 2011}}</ref> From 1991 to 1993 Craig was the founding editor of the [[International Communication Association]] journal "Communication Theory" which has been in continuous publication since 1991.<ref name="vita" /> He is currently the editor for the [[International Communication Association|ICA]] Handbook series.<ref name="vita" /><ref>{{Cite web|title=International Communication Association Handbook series|publisher =[[International Communication Association]]|year=2011|url= http://www.icahdq.org/publications/commhandbooks.asp|accessdate=Feb 10, 2011}}</ref> In 2009 Craig was elected as a Lifetime Fellow for the International Communication Association,<ref>{{Cite web|title=International Communication Association Fellows|publisher =[[International Communication Association]]|year=2010|url= http://www.icahdq.org/leadership/fellows.asp|format=http|accessdate=Jan 8, 2011}}</ref> an organization he was president for in 2004–2005.{{sfn|Anderson|Baym|2004|pp=440}}<ref>{{Cite web|title=International Communication Association past presidents|publisher =[[International Communication Association]]|year=2010|url= http://www.icahdq.org/leadership/pastpresidents.asp|format=http|accessdate=Jan 8, 2011}}</ref> |
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'''Robert T. Craig''' (born May 10, 1947) is an American [[Communication theory|communication theorist]] from the [[University of Colorado, Boulder]] who received his BA in Speech at the [[University of Wisconsin–Madison]], and his MA and PhD in communication from [[Michigan State University]].<ref name="vita">{{Cite web|first=Robert|last=Craig|title=Robert Craig Vita|publisher=University of Colorado|date=Dec 24, 2011|url=http://spot.colorado.edu/~craigr/Vitae.pdf|access-date=Feb 21, 2011|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100612062414/http://spot.colorado.edu/~craigr/Vitae.pdf|archive-date=2010-06-12}}</ref>{{sfn|Craig|2006}} Craig was on the 1988 founding board of the journal "Research on Language and Social Interaction,"<ref name="language editors">{{cite journal|date=January 1988|title=Editorial Board|journal=Research on Language and Social Interaction|volume=22|issue=1|pages=ebi|doi=10.1080/08351818809389293}}</ref> a position he continues to hold.<ref>{{Cite web|title=ROLSI Editorial Board|publisher=[[Taylor and Francis]]|year=2011|url= http://rolsi.lboro.ac.uk/board.html|format=http|access-date=Feb 5, 2011}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=ROLSI Brief history|publisher=[[Taylor and Francis]]|year=2011|url= http://rolsi.lboro.ac.uk/history.html|format=http|access-date=Feb 5, 2011}}</ref> From 1991 to 1993 Craig was the founding editor of the [[International Communication Association]] journal "Communication Theory" which has been in continuous publication since 1991.<ref name="vita" /> He is currently the editor for the [[International Communication Association|ICA]] Handbook series.<ref name="vita" /><ref>{{Cite web|title=International Communication Association Handbook series|publisher =[[International Communication Association]]|year=2011|url= http://www.icahdq.org/publications/commhandbooks.asp|access-date=Feb 10, 2011}}</ref> In 2009 Craig was elected as a Lifetime Fellow for the International Communication Association,<ref>{{Cite web|title=International Communication Association Fellows|publisher =[[International Communication Association]]|year=2010|url= http://www.icahdq.org/leadership/fellows.asp|format=http|access-date=Jan 8, 2011}}</ref> an organization he was president for in 2004–2005.{{sfn|Anderson|Baym|2004|pp=440}}<ref>{{Cite web|title=International Communication Association past presidents|publisher =[[International Communication Association]]|year=2010|url= http://www.icahdq.org/leadership/pastpresidents.asp|format=http|access-date=Jan 8, 2011}}</ref> |
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Craig's work "[[Communication Theory as a Field]]"{{sfn|Craig|1999}} received the Best Article Award from the [[International Communication Association]]<ref>{{Cite web|title=International Communication Association Awards|publisher=[[International Communication Association]]|year=2003|url=http://www.icahdq.org/publicpdf/awards_web.pdf|format=PDF|accessdate=Jan 8, 2011|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110726164948/http://www.icahdq.org/publicpdf/awards_web.pdf|archivedate=2011-07-26|df=}}</ref> as well as the Golden Anniversary Monograph Award from the [[National Communication Association]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=National Communication Association Awards|publisher =[[National Communication Association]]|year=2001|url= http://www.pitt.edu/~gordonm/Images/NCAawards2001.pdf|accessdate=Jan 8, 2011}}</ref> That work has since been translated into French {{sfn|Craig|2009}} and Russian.<ref name="vita" /> The theory presented in "Communication Theory as a Field" has become the basis of the book "Theorizing Communication" which Craig co-edited with Heidi Muller,{{sfn|Craig|Muller|2007}} as well as being adopted by several other communication theory textbooks as a new framework for understanding the field of communication theory.{{sfn|Craig|2007|pp=125}}{{sfn|Littlejohn|Foss|2008}}{{sfn|Griffin|2006}}{{sfn|Miller|2005}} |
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Craig's work "[[Communication Theory as a Field]]"{{sfn|Craig|1999}} received the Best Article Award from the [[International Communication Association]]<ref>{{Cite web|title=International Communication Association Awards|publisher=[[International Communication Association]]|year=2003|url=http://www.icahdq.org/publicpdf/awards_web.pdf|access-date=Jan 8, 2011|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110726164948/http://www.icahdq.org/publicpdf/awards_web.pdf|archive-date=2011-07-26}}</ref> as well as the Golden Anniversary Monograph Award from the [[National Communication Association]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=National Communication Association Awards|publisher =[[National Communication Association]]|year=2001|url= http://www.pitt.edu/~gordonm/Images/NCAawards2001.pdf|access-date=Jan 8, 2011}}</ref> That work has since been translated into French {{sfn|Craig|2009}} and Russian.<ref name="vita" /> The theory presented in "Communication Theory as a Field" has become the basis of the book "Theorizing Communication" which Craig co-edited with Heidi Muller,{{sfn|Craig|Muller|2007}} as well as being adopted by several other communication theory textbooks as a new framework for understanding the field of communication theory.{{sfn|Craig|2007|pp=125}}{{sfn|Littlejohn|Foss|2008}}{{sfn|Griffin|2006}}{{sfn|Miller|2005}} |
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== Grounded practical theory == |
== Grounded practical theory == |
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In 1995 Robert T. Craig and Karen Tracy published "Grounded Practical Theory: The case of Intellectual Discussion" |
In 1995 Robert T. Craig and Karen Tracy published "Grounded Practical Theory: The case of Intellectual Discussion"!{{sfn|Craig|Tracy|1995}} This was an attempt by Craig and Tracy to create a methodological model using [[discourse analysis]] which will "guide the development and assessment of [[normative]] theories."{{sfn|Craig|Tracy|1995|p=250}} Craig and Tracy argue that the communication discipline has been dominated by scientific theory which is concerned with what ''is,'' while [[Normative|normative theories]] are centrally concerned with ''what ought to be.''{{sfn|Craig|Tracy|1995|p=249}} This neglect of normative theories "limits the practical usefulness of communication studies."{{sfn|Craig|Tracy|1995|p=249}} |
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Grounded practical theory (GPT) is a [[Metatheory|metatheoretical]] approach based on Craig's (1989) notion of communication as a practical, rather than [[Empirical|scientific]], discipline.{{sfn|Craig|1989}}{{sfn|Craig|Tracy|1995|p=250-253}} The goal of communication as a practical discipline is to develop [[Normative|normative theories]] to guide practice.{{sfn|Craig|Tracy|1995|p=250, 264-265}} Based on this argument, GPT was developed as a methodologically grounded means of theorizing communication practices.{{sfn|Craig|Tracy|1995|p=250,253, 264}} GPT involves (1) reconstructing communicative practices, (2) redescribing those practices in less context-specific terms, and (3) identifying implicit principles which guide the practice. Generally a GPT study begins by looking for troubles or dilemmas endemic to situated interaction and observable in discourse. This constitutes the “problem level”{{sfn|Craig|Tracy|1995|p=253}} and the “grounded” component of the GPT approach.{{sfn|Craig|Tracy|1995|p=266}} Then, problems are reconstructed concretely and abstractly and matched with the techniques which participants employ for dealing with those problems. This constitutes the “technical level”{{sfn|Craig|Tracy|1995|p=253}} and is an important part of the theorizing process. Finally, the ideals and standards shaping the practice and how to manage its problems and techniques constitute the “philosophical level.”{{sfn|Craig|Tracy|1995|p=253}} This situates the practice both locally and generally for the purpose of normative critique. A methodological approach which is explicitly guided by GPT is action implicative discourse analysis (AIDA).{{sfn|Tracy|2004}}{{sfn|Tracy|2007}}{{sfn|Tracy|Craig|2010}} |
Grounded practical theory (GPT) is a [[Metatheory|metatheoretical]] approach based on Craig's (1989) notion of communication as a practical, rather than [[Empirical|scientific]], discipline.{{sfn|Craig|1989}}{{sfn|Craig|Tracy|1995|p=250-253}} The goal of communication as a practical discipline is to develop [[Normative|normative theories]] to guide practice.{{sfn|Craig|Tracy|1995|p=250, 264-265}} Based on this argument, GPT was developed as a methodologically grounded means of theorizing communication practices.{{sfn|Craig|Tracy|1995|p=250,253, 264}} GPT involves (1) reconstructing communicative practices, (2) redescribing those practices in less context-specific terms, and (3) identifying implicit principles which guide the practice. Generally a GPT study begins by looking for troubles or dilemmas endemic to situated interaction and observable in discourse. This constitutes the “problem level”{{sfn|Craig|Tracy|1995|p=253}} and the “grounded” component of the GPT approach.{{sfn|Craig|Tracy|1995|p=266}} Then, problems are reconstructed concretely and abstractly and matched with the techniques which participants employ for dealing with those problems. This constitutes the “technical level”{{sfn|Craig|Tracy|1995|p=253}} and is an important part of the theorizing process. Finally, the ideals and standards shaping the practice and how to manage its problems and techniques constitute the “philosophical level.”{{sfn|Craig|Tracy|1995|p=253}} This situates the practice both locally and generally for the purpose of normative critique. A methodological approach which is explicitly guided by GPT is action implicative discourse analysis (AIDA).{{sfn|Tracy|2004}}{{sfn|Tracy|2007}}{{sfn|Tracy|Craig|2010}} |
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#[[Critical theory|Critical]]: communication is the process in which all assumptions can be challenged.{{sfn|Craig|1999|pp=146-149}} |
#[[Critical theory|Critical]]: communication is the process in which all assumptions can be challenged.{{sfn|Craig|1999|pp=146-149}} |
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These proposed seven traditions of communication theory are then placed into conversation with each other on a [http://www.colorado.edu/communication/meta-discourses/Bibliography/Craig%20(1999)/tables.html a table]{{sfn|Craig|1999|pp=133-134}} first to show how each tradition's different interpretation of communication defines the tradition's vocabulary, communication problems, and commonplaces,{{sfn|Craig|1999|pp=132,133}} and next to show what argumentation between the traditions would look like.{{sfn|Craig|1999|pp=132,134}} |
These proposed seven traditions of communication theory are then placed into conversation with each other on a [https://web.archive.org/web/20110805152813/http://www.colorado.edu/communication/meta-discourses/Bibliography/Craig%20(1999)/tables.html a table]{{sfn|Craig|1999|pp=133-134}} first to show how each tradition's different interpretation of communication defines the tradition's vocabulary, communication problems, and commonplaces,{{sfn|Craig|1999|pp=132,133}} and next to show what argumentation between the traditions would look like.{{sfn|Craig|1999|pp=132,134}} |
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Craig concluded this article with an open invitation to explore how the differences in these theories might shed light on key issues, show where new traditions could be created, and engaging communication theory with communication problems through metadiscourse. {{sfn|Craig|1999|pp=149}} Craig further proposes several future traditions that could possibly be fit into the metamodel.{{sfn|Craig|1999|pp=149,151}} A feminist tradition where communication is theorized as "connectedness to others", an aesthetic tradition theorizing communication as "embodied performance", an economic tradition theorizing communication as "exchange", and a spiritual tradition theorizing communication on a "nonmaterial or mystical plane of existence." {{sfn|Craig|1999|pp=151}} |
Craig concluded this article with an open invitation to explore how the differences in these theories might shed light on key issues, show where new traditions could be created, and engaging communication theory with communication problems through metadiscourse. {{sfn|Craig|1999|pp=149}} Craig further proposes several future traditions that could possibly be fit into the metamodel.{{sfn|Craig|1999|pp=149,151}} A feminist tradition where communication is theorized as "connectedness to others", an aesthetic tradition theorizing communication as "embodied performance", an economic tradition theorizing communication as "exchange", and a spiritual tradition theorizing communication on a "nonmaterial or mystical plane of existence." {{sfn|Craig|1999|pp=151}} |
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| 2010 |
| 2010 |
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| Tracy, K.; Craig, R. T. |
| Tracy, K.; Craig, R. T. |
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| [http://comm.colorado.edu/~tracy/Tracy-craig2010AIDA.pdf Studying Interaction in order to Cultivate Communicative Practices: Action-Implicative Discourse Analysis] |
| [https://web.archive.org/web/20110927154235/http://comm.colorado.edu/~tracy/Tracy-craig2010AIDA.pdf Studying Interaction in order to Cultivate Communicative Practices: Action-Implicative Discourse Analysis] |
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| [https://books.google.com/books?id=0s30adYJ3m4C& |
| [https://books.google.com/books?id=0s30adYJ3m4C&q=New+adventures+in+language+and+interaction New Adventures in Language and Interaction] |
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| 145-166 |
| 145-166 |
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| Streech, J. |
| Streech, J. |
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| 2010 |
| 2010 |
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| Tracy, K.; Craig, R. T |
| Tracy, K.; Craig, R. T |
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| [http://spot.colorado.edu/~craigr/Craig-Tracy-2010-Alta09-.pdf Framing Discourse as Argument in Appellate Courtrooms: Three Cases on Same-Sex Marriage] |
| [https://web.archive.org/web/20120305215336/http://spot.colorado.edu/~craigr/Craig-Tracy-2010-Alta09-.pdf Framing Discourse as Argument in Appellate Courtrooms: Three Cases on Same-Sex Marriage] |
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| [http://www.americanforensics.org/catalog/functions-argument-and-social-context The Functions of Argument and Social Context, 2009] |
| [https://web.archive.org/web/20110108153847/http://www.americanforensics.org/catalog/functions-argument-and-social-context The Functions of Argument and Social Context, 2009] |
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| 46-53 |
| 46-53 |
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| Gouran D. S. |
| Gouran D. S. |
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| Craig, R. T. |
| Craig, R. T. |
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| Metatheory |
| Metatheory |
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| [https://books.google.com/books?id=S8Kf0N0XALIC& |
| [https://books.google.com/books?id=S8Kf0N0XALIC&q=Encyclopedia+of+%0D%0ACommunication+Theory Encyclopedia of Communication Theory, Vol. 2] |
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| 657-661 |
| 657-661 |
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| Littlejohn, S. W.; Foss, K. A. |
| Littlejohn, S. W.; Foss, K. A. |
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| Craig, R. T.; Robles, J. S. |
| Craig, R. T.; Robles, J. S. |
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| Pragmatics |
| Pragmatics |
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| [https://books.google.com/books?id=S8Kf0N0XALIC& |
| [https://books.google.com/books?id=S8Kf0N0XALIC&q=Encyclopedia+of+%0D%0ACommunication+Theory Encyclopedia of Communication Theory, Vol. 2] |
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| 790-794 |
| 790-794 |
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| Littlejohn, S. W.; Foss, K. A. |
| Littlejohn, S. W.; Foss, K. A. |
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| Craig, R. T. |
| Craig, R. T. |
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| Traditions of Communication Theory |
| Traditions of Communication Theory |
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| [https://books.google.com/books?id=S8Kf0N0XALIC& |
| [https://books.google.com/books?id=S8Kf0N0XALIC&q=Encyclopedia+of+%0D%0ACommunication+Theory Encyclopedia of Communication Theory, Vol. 2] |
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| 958-963 |
| 958-963 |
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| Littlejohn, S. W.; Foss, K. A. |
| Littlejohn, S. W.; Foss, K. A. |
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| Barge, J. K.; Craig, R. T. |
| Barge, J. K.; Craig, R. T. |
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| Practical Theory in Applied Communication Scholarship |
| Practical Theory in Applied Communication Scholarship |
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| [https://books.google.com/books?id=RKWhJQQD5gAC& |
| [https://books.google.com/books?id=RKWhJQQD5gAC&q=Handbook+of+applied+communication+research Routledge Handbook of Applied Communication Research] |
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| 55-78 |
| 55-78 |
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| Frey, R.; Cissna, K. N. |
| Frey, R.; Cissna, K. N. |
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| 2008 |
| 2008 |
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| Craig, R. T. |
| Craig, R. T. |
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| [http://spot.colorado.edu/~craigr/communicationasafieldanddiscipline_finalapproved_text.doc Communication as a Field and Discipline] |
| [https://web.archive.org/web/20100613102120/http://spot.colorado.edu/~craigr/communicationasafieldanddiscipline_finalapproved_text.doc Communication as a Field and Discipline] |
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| [https://books.google.com/books?id=5AgjAQAAIAAJ& |
| [https://books.google.com/books?id=5AgjAQAAIAAJ&q=The+%0D%0Ainternational+encyclopedia+of+communication The International Encyclopedia of Communication Vol. II] |
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| 675-688 |
| 675-688 |
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| Donsbach, W. |
| Donsbach, W. |
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| 2008 |
| 2008 |
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| Craig, R. T. |
| Craig, R. T. |
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| [http://spot.colorado.edu/~craigr/metadiscourse_finalapproved_text.doc Meta-discourse] |
| [https://web.archive.org/web/20100613102219/http://spot.colorado.edu/~craigr/metadiscourse_finalapproved_text.doc Meta-discourse] |
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| [https://books.google.com/books?id=5AgjAQAAIAAJ& |
| [https://books.google.com/books?id=5AgjAQAAIAAJ&q=The+%0D%0Ainternational+encyclopedia+of+communication The International Encyclopedia of Communication Vol. II] |
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| 3707-3709 |
| 3707-3709 |
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| Donsbach, W. |
| Donsbach, W. |
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| Line 130: | Line 132: | ||
| Craig, R. T.' and Muller, H. L. |
| Craig, R. T.' and Muller, H. L. |
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| |
| |
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| [https://books.google.com/books?id=L-jAeC5F3v8C& |
| [https://books.google.com/books?id=L-jAeC5F3v8C&q=theorizing+communication Theorizing Communication: Readings Across Traditions] |
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| |
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| Craig, R. T.; and Muller, H. L. |
| Craig, R. T.; and Muller, H. L. |
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| 2006 |
| 2006 |
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| Craig, R. T. |
| Craig, R. T. |
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| [http://spot.colorado.edu/~craigr/Stances%20-%20Practice%20-%20Final.doc Communication as a Practice] |
| [https://web.archive.org/web/20100613102050/http://spot.colorado.edu/~craigr/Stances%20-%20Practice%20-%20Final.doc Communication as a Practice] |
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| [https://books.google.com/books?id=tRK9uxGzT9sC& |
| [https://books.google.com/books?id=tRK9uxGzT9sC&q=,+Communication+as+%E2%80%A6:+Perspectives+on+theory Communication as...: Perspectives on Theory] |
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| 38-47 |
| 38-47 |
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| Shepherd, G. J.; John, J. ST.; and Striphas, T. |
| Shepherd, G. J.; John, J. ST.; and Striphas, T. |
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| Line 147: | Line 149: | ||
| 2005 |
| 2005 |
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| Craig, R. T.; Tracy, K. |
| Craig, R. T.; Tracy, K. |
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| [http://spot.colorado.edu/~craigr/Issue%20Chapter.htm "The Issue" in Argumentation Practice and Theory] |
| [https://web.archive.org/web/20100613102153/http://spot.colorado.edu/~craigr/Issue%20Chapter.htm "The Issue" in Argumentation Practice and Theory] |
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| [https://books.google.com/books?id=SaOfcsyWudAC& |
| [https://books.google.com/books?id=SaOfcsyWudAC&q=The+practice+of+argumentation Argumentation in Practice] |
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| 11-28 |
| 11-28 |
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| Eemeren, F. H; Houtlosser, P. |
| Eemeren, F. H; Houtlosser, P. |
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| Line 156: | Line 158: | ||
| 1990 |
| 1990 |
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| Craig, R. T. |
| Craig, R. T. |
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| [https://books.google.com/books? |
| [https://books.google.com/books?id=KqFstgTv1jEC&dq=Multiple+goals+in+discourse%3A+An+epilogue.&pg=PA163 Multiple Goals in Discourse: An Epilogue (Reprint of Journal Article)] |
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| [https://books.google.com/books?id=KqFstgTv1jEC& |
| [https://books.google.com/books?id=KqFstgTv1jEC&q=Multiple+goals+in+discourse Multiple Goals in Discourse] |
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| 163-170 |
| 163-170 |
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| Tracy, K.; Coupland, N. |
| Tracy, K.; Coupland, N. |
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| Line 166: | Line 168: | ||
| Craig R. T. |
| Craig R. T. |
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| Communication as a Practical Discipline |
| Communication as a Practical Discipline |
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| [https://books.google.com/books?id=YYPfAAAACAAJ& |
| [https://books.google.com/books?id=YYPfAAAACAAJ&q=rethinking+communication Rethinking Communication; Volume 1: Paradigm Issues] |
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| 97-122 |
| 97-122 |
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| Dervin B.; Grossberg L.; O'Keefe B., Wartella E. |
| Dervin B.; Grossberg L.; O'Keefe B., Wartella E. |
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| Line 175: | Line 177: | ||
| Craig, R. T.; Tracy, K; Spisak, F. |
| Craig, R. T.; Tracy, K; Spisak, F. |
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| [http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1468-2958.1986.tb00087.x/abstract The Discourse of Requests: Assessment of a Politeness Approach (Reprint of journal article)] |
| [http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1468-2958.1986.tb00087.x/abstract The Discourse of Requests: Assessment of a Politeness Approach (Reprint of journal article)] |
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| [https://books.google.com/books?id=oecY86Tm-HAC&q=Contemporary+Perspectives+on+Interpersonal+Communication |
| [https://books.google.com/books?id=oecY86Tm-HAC&q=Contemporary+Perspectives+on+Interpersonal+Communication Contemporary Perspectives on Interpersonal Communication] |
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| 264-284 |
| 264-284 |
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| Petronio, S.; Alberts, J. K.; Hecht, M. L.; Buley, J. |
| Petronio, S.; Alberts, J. K.; Hecht, M. L.; Buley, J. |
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| Craig, R. T.; Tracy, K. |
| Craig, R. T.; Tracy, K. |
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| |
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| [https://books.google.com/books?id=b0JiAAAAMAAJ&q=Conversational+coherence:+Form,+structure,+and+%0D%0Astrategy |
| [https://books.google.com/books?id=b0JiAAAAMAAJ&q=Conversational+coherence:+Form,+structure,+and+%0D%0Astrategy Conversational Coherence: Form, Structure, and Strategy] |
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| |
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| Craig, R. T.; and Tracy, K. |
| Craig, R. T.; and Tracy, K. |
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| Line 192: | Line 194: | ||
===Journal articles=== |
===Journal articles=== |
||
{| class="sortable wikitable" |
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* {{cite journal|doi=10.1111/j.1468-2958.1984.tb00030.x |title=The Discourse of Requests |year=1984 |last1=Tracy |first1=Karen |last2=Craig |first2=Robert T. |last3=Smith |first3=Martin |last4=Spisak |first4=Frances |journal=Human Communication Research |volume=10 |issue=4 |pages=513–538 }} |
|||
! Year |
|||
* {{cite journal|doi=10.1111/j.1468-2958.1986.tb00087.x |title=The Discourse of Requests |year=1986 |last1=Craig |first1=Robert T. |last2=Tracy |first2=Karen |last3=Spisak |first3=Frances |journal=Human Communication Research |volume=12 |issue=4 |pages=437–468 }} |
|||
! Author |
|||
* {{cite journal|doi=10.1111/j.1460-2466.1993.tb01273.x |title=Why Are There So Many Communication Theories? |year=1993 |last1=Craig |first1=Robert T. |journal=Journal of Communication |volume=43 |issue=3 |pages=26–33 }} |
|||
! Title |
|||
* {{cite journal|doi=10.1111/j.1468-2885.1995.tb00108.x |title=Grounded Practical Theory: The Case of Intellectual Discussion |year=1995 |last1=Craig |first1=Robert T. |last2=Tracy |first2=Karen |journal=Communication Theory |volume=5 |issue=3 |pages=248–272 |ref=none}} |
|||
! Journal |
|||
* {{cite journal|doi=10.1111/j.1468-2885.2001.tb00241.x |title=Minding my metamodel, mending Myers |year=2001 |last1=Craig |first1=Robert T. |journal=Communication Theory |volume=11 |issue=2 |pages=231–240 |ref=none}} |
|||
! Volume/Issue |
|||
* {{cite journal|doi=10.1111/j.1460-2466.2005.tb03015.x |title=How We Talk about How We Talk: Communication Theory in the Public Interest |year=2005 |last1=Craig |first1=Robert T. |journal=Journal of Communication |volume=55 |issue=4 |pages=659–667 }} |
|||
! Pages |
|||
* {{cite journal|doi=10.1111/j.1468-2885.2007.00292.x |title=Pragmatism in the Field of Communication Theory |year=2007 |last1=Craig |first1=Robert T. |journal=Communication Theory |volume=17 |issue=2 |pages=125–145 }} |
|||
! Publisher |
|||
* {{cite journal|doi=10.1080/03637751.2010.523591 |title=What Kind of Difference do We Want to Make? |year=2010 |last1=García-Jiménez |first1=Leonarda |last2=Craig |first2=Robert T. |journal=Communication Monographs |volume=77 |issue=4 |pages=429–431 |s2cid=144519840 }} |
|||
! DOI |
|||
* {{cite journal|doi=10.1111/j.1468-2885.2012.01412.x |title=Habermas and Bateson in a World Gone M.A.D.: Metacommunication, Paradox, and the Inverted Speech Situation |year=2012 |last1=Rich |first1=Marc Howard |last2=Craig |first2=Robert T. |journal=Communication Theory |volume=22 |issue=4 |pages=383–402 }} |
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|- |
|||
| 2012 |
|||
| Rich, M. H.; Craig, R. T. |
|||
| [http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1468-2885.2012.01412.x/abstract Habermas and Bateson in a World Gone M.A.D.: Metacommunication, Paradox, and the Inverted Speech Situation] |
|||
| [http://www.wiley.com/bw/journal.asp?ref=1050-3293&site=1 Communication Theory] |
|||
| 22 (4) |
|||
| 383-402 |
|||
| [[Wiley-Blackwell|Blackwell Publishing Ltd.]]; [[International Communication Association]] |
|||
|10.1111/j.1468-2885.2012.01412.x |
|||
|- |
|||
| 2010 |
|||
| Garcia-Jimenez, L.; Craig, R. T. |
|||
| [http://www.informaworld.com/smpp/ftinterface~db=all~content=a930465602~fulltext=713240930?words=what,kind,difference,want,make What Kind Of Difference do we Want to Make?] |
|||
| [http://www.tandf.co.uk/journals/titles/03637751.asp Communication Monographs] |
|||
| 77(4) |
|||
| 429-431 |
|||
| [[Taylor and Francis]]; [[Routledge]]; [[National Communication Association]] |
|||
| 10.1080/03637751.2010.523591 |
|||
|- |
|||
| 2009 |
|||
| Craig, R. T. |
|||
| [http://www.revuecsp.uqam.ca/numero/n2/pdf/RICSP_Craig_2009c.pdf Reflections on "Communication Theory as a Field"] |
|||
| [http://www.revuecsp.uqam.ca/ Revue internationale de communication sociale et publique] |
|||
| 2009(2) |
|||
| 7-12 |
|||
| [[Wiley-Blackwell|Blackwell Publishing Ltd.]]; [[Université du Québec à Montréal]] |
|||
| |
|||
|- |
|||
| 2009 |
|||
| Craig, R. T.; Saint-Charles, J. (Trans.), Mongeau, P. (Trans.) |
|||
| [http://www.revuecsp.uqam.ca/numero/n1/pdf/RICSP_Craig_2009.pdf La Communication en Tant Que Champ D'etudes (French translation of ''Communication Theory as a field'')] |
|||
| [http://www.revuecsp.uqam.ca/ Revue internationale de communication sociale et publique] |
|||
| 2009(1) |
|||
| 1-42 |
|||
| [[Wiley-Blackwell|Blackwell Publishing Ltd.]]; [[Université du Québec à Montréal]] |
|||
| |
|||
|- |
|||
| 2008 |
|||
| Craig, R. T. |
|||
| [http://comm.colorado.edu/craigr/Craig-2008-DisciplinesRJC.pdf Communication in the Conversation of Disciplines] |
|||
| [http://www.marquettejournals.org/russianjournal.html Russian Journal of Communication] |
|||
| 1(1) |
|||
| 7-24 |
|||
| [http://www.russcomm.ru/eng/index.shtml Russian Communication Association (RCA)] |
|||
| |
|||
|- |
|||
| 2007 |
|||
| Craig, R. T. |
|||
| [http://www.blackwell-synergy.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/j.1468-2885.2007.00292.x Pragmatism in the Field of Communication Theory] |
|||
| [http://www.wiley.com/bw/journal.asp?ref=1050-3293&site=1 Communication Theory] |
|||
| 17(2) |
|||
| 125-145 |
|||
| [[Wiley-Blackwell|Blackwell Publishing Ltd.]]; [[International Communication Association]] |
|||
| 10.1111/j.1468-2885.2007.00292.x |
|||
|- |
|||
| 2006 |
|||
| Craig, R. T. |
|||
| [http://www.mediacom.keio.ac.jp/publication/pdf2006/review28/01_Brenda%20DERVIN.pdf A Path Through the Methodolgical Divides] |
|||
| [http://www.mediacom.keio.ac.jp/english/publication.html KEIO Communication Review] |
|||
| 28 |
|||
| 9-17 |
|||
| [[EBSCO Industries]]; [[Wiley-Blackwell|Blackwell Publishing Ltd.]] |
|||
| |
|||
|- |
|||
| 2005 |
|||
| Craig, R. T. |
|||
| [http://www.blackwell-synergy.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/j.1460-2466.2005.tb03015.x How We Talk About How We Talk: Communication Theory in the Public Interest. ICA presidential address 2004] |
|||
| [http://www.wiley.com/bw/journal.asp?ref=0021-9916 Journal of Communication] |
|||
| 44(4) |
|||
| 659-667 |
|||
| [[Wiley-Blackwell|Blackwell Publishing Ltd.]]; [[International Communication Association]] |
|||
| 10.1111/j.1460-2466.2005.tb03015.x |
|||
|- |
|||
| 2001 |
|||
| Craig, R. T. |
|||
| [http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1468-2885.2001.tb00241.x/abstract Minding my Metamodel, Mending Myers] |
|||
| [http://www.wiley.com/bw/journal.asp?ref=1050-3293&site=1 Communication Theory] |
|||
| 11(2) |
|||
| 231-240 |
|||
| [[Wiley-Blackwell|Blackwell Publishing Ltd.]]; [[International Communication Association]] |
|||
| 10.1111/j.1468-2885.2001.tb00241.x |
|||
|- |
|||
| 1999 |
|||
| Craig, R. T. |
|||
| [http://www9.georgetown.edu/faculty/irvinem/theory/Craig-CTF-1999.pdf Communication Theory as a Field] |
|||
| [http://www.wiley.com/bw/journal.asp?ref=1050-3293&site=1 Communication Theory] |
|||
| 9(2) |
|||
| 119-161 |
|||
| [[Wiley-Blackwell|Blackwell Publishing Ltd.]]; [[International Communication Association]] |
|||
| 10.1111/j.1468-2885.1999.tb00355 |
|||
|- |
|||
| 1995 |
|||
| Craig, R. T.; Tracy, K. |
|||
| [http://comm.colorado.edu/~craigr/Craig-Tracy-1995-GroundedPracticalTheory.pdf Grounded Practical Theory: The Case Of Intellectual Discussion] |
|||
| [http://www.wiley.com/bw/journal.asp?ref=1050-3293&site=1 Communication Theory] |
|||
| 5(3) |
|||
| 248-272 |
|||
| [[Wiley-Blackwell|Blackwell Publishing Ltd.]]; [[International Communication Association]] |
|||
| 10.1111/j.1468-2885.1995.tb00108.x |
|||
|- |
|||
| 1993 |
|||
| Craig, R. T. |
|||
| [http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1460-2466.1993.tb01273.x/abstract Why Are There so Many Communication Theories] |
|||
| [http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/10.1111/(ISSN)1460-2466 Journal of Communication] |
|||
| 43(3) |
|||
| 26-33 |
|||
| [[Wiley-Blackwell|Blackwell Publishing Ltd.]]; [[International Communication Association]] |
|||
| 10.1111/j.1460-2466.1993.tb01273.x |
|||
|- |
|||
| 1986 |
|||
| Craig, R. T.; Tracy, K; Spisak, F. |
|||
| [http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1468-2958.1986.tb00087.x/abstract The Discourse of Requests: Assessment of a Politeness Approach] |
|||
| [http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/10.1111/(ISSN)1468-2958 Human Communication Research] |
|||
| 12(4) |
|||
| 437-468 |
|||
| [[Wiley-Blackwell|Blackwell Publishing Ltd.]]; [[International Communication Association]] |
|||
| 10.1111/j.1468-2958.1986.tb00087.x |
|||
|- |
|||
| 1984 |
|||
| Tracy, K.; Craig, R. T.; Smith, M.; Spisak, F. |
|||
| [http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1468-2958.1984.tb00030.x/abstract The discourse of requests: Assessment of a compliance-gaining approach] |
|||
| [http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/10.1111/(ISSN)1468-2958 Human Communication Research] |
|||
| 10(4) |
|||
| 513-538 |
|||
| [[Wiley-Blackwell|Blackwell Publishing Ltd.]]; [[International Communication Association]] |
|||
| 10.1111/j.1468-2958.1984.tb00030.x |
|||
|- |
|||
|} |
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==See also== |
==See also== |
||
| Line 340: | Line 215: | ||
==Notes== |
==Notes== |
||
{{ |
{{Reflist|colwidth=20em|refs=}} |
||
==References== |
==References== |
||
*{{Cite journal|last1=Anderson|first1=James A.|last2=Baym|first2=Geoffrey|date=December 2004|title=Philosophies and Philosophic Issues in Communication, 1995-2004|journal= |
*{{Cite journal|last1=Anderson|first1=James A.|last2=Baym|first2=Geoffrey|date=December 2004|title=Philosophies and Philosophic Issues in Communication, 1995-2004|journal=Journal of Communication|volume=55|issue=4|pages=437–448|doi=10.1111/j.1460-2466.2004.tb02647.x}} |
||
*{{cite book |last1=Anderson|first1=John Arthur|title=Communication Theory: Epistemological Foundations|url=https://books.google.com/books? |
*{{cite book |last1=Anderson|first1=John Arthur|title=Communication Theory: Epistemological Foundations|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ly8WBwYzE2QC&q=Anderson,+J.+A.+(1996).+Communication+theory:+Epistemological+foundations.&pg=PA1|access-date=Feb 2, 2011|year=1996|publisher=[[Guilford Press]]|isbn=978-1-57230-083-5}} |
||
*{{cite book|last=Craig|first=Robert T.|editor1-first=Brenda|editor1-last=Dervin|title=Rethinking Communication: Paradigm Issues |
*{{cite book|last=Craig|first=Robert T.|editor1-first=Brenda|editor1-last=Dervin|title=Rethinking Communication: Paradigm Issues|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=E9ZhAAAAMAAJ&q=Rethinking+communication;+Volume+1:+Paradigm+issues|access-date=Jan 29, 2011|volume=1|date=March 1989|publisher=[[SAGE Publications]]|isbn=978-0-8039-3029-2|pages=[https://archive.org/details/rethinkingcommun0000unse/page/97 97–122]|chapter=Communication as a Practical discipline|url=https://archive.org/details/rethinkingcommun0000unse/page/97}} |
||
*{{cite journal|last=Craig|first=Robert T.|date=May 1999|title=Communication Theory as a Field|journal= |
*{{cite journal|last=Craig|first=Robert T.|date=May 1999|title=Communication Theory as a Field|journal=Communication Theory|volume=9|issue=2|pages=119–161|doi=10.1111/j.1468-2885.1999.tb00355.x|access-date=Jan 8, 2011|url=http://web4.uwindsor.ca/users/w/winter/40-328.nsf/bab13a777f84009f85256ea600759a11/10ff8b04ff3a317885256d88005720f6/$FILE/comm.theory.Craig.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101010221521/http://web4.uwindsor.ca/users/w/winter/40-328.nsf/bab13a777f84009f85256ea600759a11/10ff8b04ff3a317885256d88005720f6/$FILE/comm.theory.Craig.pdf|archive-date=2010-10-10|url-status=dead}} |
||
*{{Cite journal|last=Craig|first=Robert|date=May 2001|title=Minding My Metamodel, Mending Myers|journal= |
*{{Cite journal|last=Craig|first=Robert|date=May 2001|title=Minding My Metamodel, Mending Myers|journal=Communication Theory|volume=11|issue=2|pages=231–240|doi=10.1111/j.1468-2885.2001.tb00241.x}} |
||
*{{Cite journal|last=Craig|first=Robert|title=A Path Through the Methodological Divides|journal= |
*{{Cite journal|last=Craig|first=Robert|title=A Path Through the Methodological Divides|journal=KEIO Communication Review|volume=28|pages=9–17|year=2006|url= http://www.mediacom.keio.ac.jp/publication/pdf2006/review28/01_Brenda%20DERVIN.pdf|access-date =Jan 8, 2011}} |
||
*{{Cite journal|last=Craig|first=Robert|author2=Trans. Johanne Saint-Charles |author3=Trans. Pierre Mongea |title=La communication en tant que champ |
*{{Cite journal|last=Craig|first=Robert|author2=Trans. Johanne Saint-Charles |author3=Trans. Pierre Mongea |title=La communication en tant que champ d'études|journal=Revue internationale de communication sociale et publique|volume=1|pages=1–42|year=2009|url= http://www.revuecsp.uqam.ca/numero/n1/pdf/RICSP_Craig_2009.pdf|access-date =Jan 8, 2011 |ref={{harvid|Craig|2009}}}} |
||
*{{cite book|editor1-first=Robert|editor1-last=Craig|editor2-first=Heidi|editor2-last=Muller|title= |
*{{cite book|editor1-first=Robert|editor1-last=Craig|editor2-first=Heidi|editor2-last=Muller|title=Theorizing Communication: Readings Across the Traditions|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=L-jAeC5F3v8C&q=Theorizing+communication|access-date=Jan 29, 2011|date=April 2007 |publisher=[[SAGE Publications]]|isbn=978-1-4129-5237-8}} |
||
*{{Cite journal|last1=Craig|first1=Robert|last2=Tracy|first2=Karen|date=August 1995|title=Grounded Practical Theory:The Case Of Intellectual Discussion|journal= |
*{{Cite journal|last1=Craig|first1=Robert|last2=Tracy|first2=Karen|date=August 1995|title=Grounded Practical Theory:The Case Of Intellectual Discussion|journal=Communication Theory|volume=5|issue=3|pages=248–272|doi=10.1111/j.1468-2885.1995.tb00108.x|access-date=Feb 5, 2011|url=http://comm.colorado.edu/~craigr/Craig-Tracy-1995-GroundedPracticalTheory.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110927154205/http://comm.colorado.edu/~craigr/Craig-Tracy-1995-GroundedPracticalTheory.pdf|archive-date=2011-09-27|url-status=dead}} |
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*{{Cite journal|last=D'Angelo|first=Paul|date=December 2002|title=News Framing as a Multiparadigmatic Research Program:A Response to Entman|journal= |
*{{Cite journal|last=D'Angelo|first=Paul|date=December 2002|title=News Framing as a Multiparadigmatic Research Program:A Response to Entman|journal=Journal of Communication|volume=52|issue=4|pages=870–888|doi=10.1111/j.1460-2466.2002.tb02578.x}} |
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*{{Cite journal|last=Donsback|first=Wolfgang|date=September 2006|title=The Identity of Communication Research|journal= |
*{{Cite journal|last=Donsback|first=Wolfgang|date=September 2006|title=The Identity of Communication Research|journal=Journal of Communication|volume=54|issue=4|pages=589–615|doi=10.1111/j.1460-2466.2006.00294.x|url=http://www.um.es/tic/Documentos/lecturas%20FCI-I/FCI-I%20Tema%202%20texto%201.pdf|access-date=Jan 28, 2011|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110720145355/http://www.um.es/tic/Documentos/lecturas%20FCI-I/FCI-I%20Tema%202%20texto%201.pdf|archive-date=2011-07-20}} |
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*{{Cite book|last=Griffin|first=Emory A.|title= |
*{{Cite book|last=Griffin|first=Emory A.|title=A First Look at Communication Theory|edition=6|publisher=McGraw-Hill|year=2006|url= https://books.google.com/books?id=wMdFAAAAYAAJ&q=A+first+look+at+communication+theory|access-date =Jan 29, 2011|isbn=9780073010182}} |
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*{{Cite journal|last1=Jimenez|first1=Leonarda|last2=Guillem|first2=Susana|date=August 2009|title=Does Communication Studies Have an Identity? Setting the Bases for Contemporary Research|journal= |
*{{Cite journal|last1=Jimenez|first1=Leonarda|last2=Guillem|first2=Susana|date=August 2009|title=Does Communication Studies Have an Identity? Setting the Bases for Contemporary Research|journal=Catalan Journal of Communication and Cultural Studies|volume=1|issue=1|pages=15–27|doi=10.1386/cjcs.1.1.15_1}} |
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*{{Cite book|last1=Lindlof|first1=Thomas R.|last2=Taylor|first2=Bryan C.|title=Qualitative Communication Research Methods|edition=2|publisher=Sage Publications Ltd.|year=2002|url= https://books.google.com/books? |
*{{Cite book|last1=Lindlof|first1=Thomas R.|last2=Taylor|first2=Bryan C.|title=Qualitative Communication Research Methods|edition=2|publisher=Sage Publications Ltd.|year=2002|url= https://books.google.com/books?id=Op-GRnkSCGgC&pg=PR11|access-date =Jan 28, 2011|isbn=9780761924944}} |
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*{{Cite book|last1=Littlejohn|first1=Stephen|last2=Foss|first2=Karen|title=Theories of Human Communication|edition=9|publisher=Thomson and Wadsworth|year=2008|url= http://www.cengagebrain.com/shop/content/littlejohn95877_0495095877_02.01_chapter01.pdf| |
*{{Cite book|last1=Littlejohn|first1=Stephen|last2=Foss|first2=Karen|title=Theories of Human Communication|edition=9|publisher=Thomson and Wadsworth|year=2008|url= http://www.cengagebrain.com/shop/content/littlejohn95877_0495095877_02.01_chapter01.pdf|access-date =Jan 23, 2011}} |
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*{{Cite book|last=Miller|first=Katherine|title=Communication Theories:Perspectives, Processes, and Contexts|edition=2|publisher=McGraw-Hill|year=2005|url= https://books.google.com/books?id=uQgcAQAAIAAJ&q=communication+theories:+perspectives |
*{{Cite book|last=Miller|first=Katherine|title=Communication Theories:Perspectives, Processes, and Contexts|edition=2|publisher=McGraw-Hill|year=2005|url= https://books.google.com/books?id=uQgcAQAAIAAJ&q=communication+theories:+perspectives|access-date =Jan 29, 2011|isbn=9780072937947}} |
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*{{Cite book|last=Penman|first=Robyn|title=Reconstructing Communicating: looking to a Future|publisher=Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc|year=2000|url= https://books.google.com/books? |
*{{Cite book|last=Penman|first=Robyn|title=Reconstructing Communicating: looking to a Future|publisher=Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc|year=2000|url= https://books.google.com/books?id=bV_dR8OhudAC&pg=PR7|access-date =Jan 28, 2011|isbn=9781410605832}} |
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*{{cite journal|last=Tracy|first=Karen|year=2004|title=Action-Implicative Discourse Analysis: A Communication Approach to Analyzing Talk|journal=Texas Linguistic Forum|volume=47|pages=219–237| |
*{{cite journal|last=Tracy|first=Karen|year=2004|title=Action-Implicative Discourse Analysis: A Communication Approach to Analyzing Talk|journal=Texas Linguistic Forum|volume=47|pages=219–237|access-date=Feb 2, 2011|url=http://studentorgs.utexas.edu/salsa/proceedings/2003/tracy.pdf|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101116191125/http://studentorgs.utexas.edu/salsa/proceedings/2003/tracy.pdf|archive-date=2010-11-16}} |
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*{{cite journal|last=Tracy|first=Karen|date=November 2007|title=The Discourse of Crisis in Public Meetings: Case Study of a School District's Multimillion Dollar Error|journal= |
*{{cite journal|last=Tracy|first=Karen|date=November 2007|title=The Discourse of Crisis in Public Meetings: Case Study of a School District's Multimillion Dollar Error|journal=Journal of Applied Communication Research|volume=35|issue=4|pages=418–441|access-date=Feb 2, 2011| |
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doi=10.1080/00909880701617133|url=http://www.sjsu.edu/people/richard.webb/courses/c9/s1/Tracy%20article.pdf |
doi=10.1080/00909880701617133|s2cid=143995651|url=http://www.sjsu.edu/people/richard.webb/courses/c9/s1/Tracy%20article.pdf}} |
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*{{cite book |last1=Tracy|first1=Karen|last2=Craig|first2=Craig T.|editor-first=Jürgen|editor-last=Streech|year=2010|title=New Adventures in Language and Interaction|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0s30adYJ3m4C& |
*{{cite book |last1=Tracy|first1=Karen|last2=Craig|first2=Craig T.|editor-first=Jürgen|editor-last=Streech|year=2010|title=New Adventures in Language and Interaction|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0s30adYJ3m4C&q=New+adventures+in+language+and+interaction|access-date=Feb 2, 2011|publisher=[[John Benjamins Publishing Company]]|isbn=978-90-272-5600-3|pages=145–166|chapter=Studying Interaction in Order to Cultivate communicative Practices: Action-Implicative Discourse Analysis|chapter-url=http://comm.colorado.edu/~tracy/Tracy-craig2010AIDA.pdf}} |
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==External links== |
==External links== |
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* [http://spot.colorado.edu/~craigr/Home.html Robert T. Craig's homepage] |
* [http://spot.colorado.edu/~craigr/Home.html Robert T. Craig's homepage] |
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* [http://www.colorado.edu/communication/meta-discourses/index.htm <meta> discourses, Robert T. Craig's Communication theory website] |
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20110606084244/http://www.colorado.edu/communication/meta-discourses/index.htm <meta> discourses, Robert T. Craig's Communication theory website] |
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* [http://comm.colorado.edu/ University of Colorado Boulder's Communication department] |
* [http://comm.colorado.edu/ University of Colorado Boulder's Communication department] |
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{{Communication studies}} |
{{Communication studies}} |
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{{Authority control}} |
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Craig, Robert T.}} |
{{DEFAULTSORT:Craig, Robert T.}} |
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Latest revision as of 06:30, 12 April 2024
Robert T. Craig | |
|---|---|
 Robert T. Craig | |
| Born | May 10, 1947 |
| Awards | Fellow and Past President of the International Communication Association (Lifetime Status); Best Article Award, International Communication Association, 2000; Golden Anniversary Monograph Award, National Communication Association, 2000 |
| Era | Contemporary philosophy |
| Region | Western philosophy |
| School | Pragmatism |
Main interests | Communication theory, social constructionism |
Notable ideas | Grounded practical theory, metacommunicative model of communication, practical discipline of communication |
Robert T. Craig (born May 10, 1947) is an American communication theorist from the University of Colorado, Boulder who received his BA in Speech at the University of Wisconsin–Madison, and his MA and PhD in communication from Michigan State University.[1][2] Craig was on the 1988 founding board of the journal "Research on Language and Social Interaction,"[3] a position he continues to hold.[4][5] From 1991 to 1993 Craig was the founding editor of the International Communication Association journal "Communication Theory" which has been in continuous publication since 1991.[1] He is currently the editor for the ICA Handbook series.[1][6] In 2009 Craig was elected as a Lifetime Fellow for the International Communication Association,[7] an organization he was president for in 2004–2005.[8][9]
Craig's work "Communication Theory as a Field"[10] received the Best Article Award from the International Communication Association[11] as well as the Golden Anniversary Monograph Award from the National Communication Association.[12] That work has since been translated into French [13] and Russian.[1] The theory presented in "Communication Theory as a Field" has become the basis of the book "Theorizing Communication" which Craig co-edited with Heidi Muller,[14] as well as being adopted by several other communication theory textbooks as a new framework for understanding the field of communication theory.[15][16][17][18]
Grounded practical theory
[edit]In 1995 Robert T. Craig and Karen Tracy published "Grounded Practical Theory: The case of Intellectual Discussion"![19] This was an attempt by Craig and Tracy to create a methodological model using discourse analysis which will "guide the development and assessment of normative theories."[20] Craig and Tracy argue that the communication discipline has been dominated by scientific theory which is concerned with what is, while normative theories are centrally concerned with what ought to be.[21] This neglect of normative theories "limits the practical usefulness of communication studies."[21]
Grounded practical theory (GPT) is a metatheoretical approach based on Craig's (1989) notion of communication as a practical, rather than scientific, discipline.[22][23] The goal of communication as a practical discipline is to develop normative theories to guide practice.[24] Based on this argument, GPT was developed as a methodologically grounded means of theorizing communication practices.[25] GPT involves (1) reconstructing communicative practices, (2) redescribing those practices in less context-specific terms, and (3) identifying implicit principles which guide the practice. Generally a GPT study begins by looking for troubles or dilemmas endemic to situated interaction and observable in discourse. This constitutes the “problem level”[26] and the “grounded” component of the GPT approach.[27] Then, problems are reconstructed concretely and abstractly and matched with the techniques which participants employ for dealing with those problems. This constitutes the “technical level”[26] and is an important part of the theorizing process. Finally, the ideals and standards shaping the practice and how to manage its problems and techniques constitute the “philosophical level.”[26] This situates the practice both locally and generally for the purpose of normative critique. A methodological approach which is explicitly guided by GPT is action implicative discourse analysis (AIDA).[28][29][30]
Communication Theory as a Field
[edit]In 1999 Craig wrote a landmark article[31] "Communication Theory as a Field"[10] which expanded the conversation regarding disciplinary identity in the field of communication.[32][31][33][34][35][36][37] At that time, communication theory textbooks had little to no agreement on how to present the field or what theories to include in their textbooks.[38][39] This article has since become the foundational framework for four different textbooks to introduce the field of communication.[15][14][16][17][18] In this article Craig "proposes a vision for communication theory that takes a huge step toward unifying this rather disparate field and addressing its complexities."[16] To move toward this unifying vision Craig focused on communication theory as a practical discipline and shows how "various traditions of communication theory can be engaged in dialogue on the practice of communication."[40][41] In this deliberative process theorists would engage in dialog about the "practical implications of communication theories."[42] In the end Craig proposes seven different traditions of Communication Theory and outlines how each one of them would engage the others in dialogue.[43]
Craig proposes that these seven suggested traditions of communication theory have emerged through research into communication, and each one has their own way of understanding communication.[8][44] These seven traditions are:
- Rhetorical: views communication as the practical art of discourse.[45]
- Semiotic: views communication as the mediation by signs.[46]
- Phenomenological: communication is the experience of dialogue with others.[47]
- Cybernetic: communication is the flow of information.[48]
- Socio-psychological: communication is the interaction of individuals.[49]
- Socio-cultural: communication is the production and reproduction of the social order.[50]
- Critical: communication is the process in which all assumptions can be challenged.[51]
These proposed seven traditions of communication theory are then placed into conversation with each other on a a table[52] first to show how each tradition's different interpretation of communication defines the tradition's vocabulary, communication problems, and commonplaces,[53] and next to show what argumentation between the traditions would look like.[54]
Craig concluded this article with an open invitation to explore how the differences in these theories might shed light on key issues, show where new traditions could be created, and engaging communication theory with communication problems through metadiscourse. [55] Craig further proposes several future traditions that could possibly be fit into the metamodel.[56] A feminist tradition where communication is theorized as "connectedness to others", an aesthetic tradition theorizing communication as "embodied performance", an economic tradition theorizing communication as "exchange", and a spiritual tradition theorizing communication on a "nonmaterial or mystical plane of existence." [57]
Publications
[edit]Books and chapters
[edit]Journal articles
[edit]- Tracy, Karen; Craig, Robert T.; Smith, Martin; Spisak, Frances (1984). "The Discourse of Requests". Human Communication Research. 10 (4): 513–538. doi:10.1111/j.1468-2958.1984.tb00030.x.
- Craig, Robert T.; Tracy, Karen; Spisak, Frances (1986). "The Discourse of Requests". Human Communication Research. 12 (4): 437–468. doi:10.1111/j.1468-2958.1986.tb00087.x.
- Craig, Robert T. (1993). "Why Are There So Many Communication Theories?". Journal of Communication. 43 (3): 26–33. doi:10.1111/j.1460-2466.1993.tb01273.x.
- Craig, Robert T.; Tracy, Karen (1995). "Grounded Practical Theory: The Case of Intellectual Discussion". Communication Theory. 5 (3): 248–272. doi:10.1111/j.1468-2885.1995.tb00108.x.
- Craig, Robert T. (2001). "Minding my metamodel, mending Myers". Communication Theory. 11 (2): 231–240. doi:10.1111/j.1468-2885.2001.tb00241.x.
- Craig, Robert T. (2005). "How We Talk about How We Talk: Communication Theory in the Public Interest". Journal of Communication. 55 (4): 659–667. doi:10.1111/j.1460-2466.2005.tb03015.x.
- Craig, Robert T. (2007). "Pragmatism in the Field of Communication Theory". Communication Theory. 17 (2): 125–145. doi:10.1111/j.1468-2885.2007.00292.x.
- García-Jiménez, Leonarda; Craig, Robert T. (2010). "What Kind of Difference do We Want to Make?". Communication Monographs. 77 (4): 429–431. doi:10.1080/03637751.2010.523591. S2CID 144519840.
- Rich, Marc Howard; Craig, Robert T. (2012). "Habermas and Bateson in a World Gone M.A.D.: Metacommunication, Paradox, and the Inverted Speech Situation". Communication Theory. 22 (4): 383–402. doi:10.1111/j.1468-2885.2012.01412.x.
See also
[edit]
Notes
[edit]- ^ a b c d Craig, Robert (Dec 24, 2011). "Robert Craig Vita" (PDF). University of Colorado. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2010-06-12. Retrieved Feb 21, 2011.
- ^ Craig 2006.
- ^ "Editorial Board". Research on Language and Social Interaction. 22 (1): ebi. January 1988. doi:10.1080/08351818809389293.
- ^ "ROLSI Editorial Board" (http). Taylor and Francis. 2011. Retrieved Feb 5, 2011.
- ^ "ROLSI Brief history" (http). Taylor and Francis. 2011. Retrieved Feb 5, 2011.
- ^ "International Communication Association Handbook series". International Communication Association. 2011. Retrieved Feb 10, 2011.
- ^ "International Communication Association Fellows" (http). International Communication Association. 2010. Retrieved Jan 8, 2011.
- ^ a b Anderson & Baym 2004, pp. 440.
- ^ "International Communication Association past presidents" (http). International Communication Association. 2010. Retrieved Jan 8, 2011.
- ^ a b Craig 1999.
- ^ "International Communication Association Awards" (PDF). International Communication Association. 2003. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2011-07-26. Retrieved Jan 8, 2011.
- ^ "National Communication Association Awards" (PDF). National Communication Association. 2001. Retrieved Jan 8, 2011.
- ^ Craig 2009.
- ^ a b Craig & Muller 2007.
- ^ a b Craig 2007, pp. 125.
- ^ a b c Littlejohn & Foss 2008.
- ^ a b Griffin 2006.
- ^ a b Miller 2005.
- ^ Craig & Tracy 1995.
- ^ Craig & Tracy 1995, p. 250.
- ^ a b Craig & Tracy 1995, p. 249.
- ^ Craig 1989.
- ^ Craig & Tracy 1995, p. 250-253.
- ^ Craig & Tracy 1995, p. 250, 264-265.
- ^ Craig & Tracy 1995, p. 250,253, 264.
- ^ a b c Craig & Tracy 1995, p. 253.
- ^ Craig & Tracy 1995, p. 266.
- ^ Tracy 2004.
- ^ Tracy 2007.
- ^ Tracy & Craig 2010.
- ^ a b Littlejohn & Foss 2008, pp. 6.
- ^ Donsback 2006.
- ^ Penman 2000.
- ^ Anderson & Baym 2004.
- ^ Lindlof & Taylor 2002.
- ^ D'Angelo 2002.
- ^ Jimenez & Guillem 2009.
- ^ Anderson 1996, pp. 200–201.
- ^ Craig 1999, pp. 120.
- ^ Craig 2006, pp. 13.
- ^ Penman 2000, pp. 6, 76.
- ^ Craig 2001.
- ^ Craig 1999, pp. 132–146.
- ^ Craig 1999, pp. 132–134.
- ^ Craig 1999, pp. 135–136.
- ^ Craig 1999, pp. 136–138.
- ^ Craig 1999, pp. 138–140.
- ^ Craig 1999, pp. 141–142.
- ^ Craig 1999, pp. 142–144.
- ^ Craig 1999, pp. 144–146.
- ^ Craig 1999, pp. 146–149.
- ^ Craig 1999, pp. 133–134.
- ^ Craig 1999, pp. 132, 133.
- ^ Craig 1999, pp. 132, 134.
- ^ Craig 1999, pp. 149.
- ^ Craig 1999, pp. 149, 151.
- ^ Craig 1999, pp. 151.
References
[edit]- Anderson, James A.; Baym, Geoffrey (December 2004). "Philosophies and Philosophic Issues in Communication, 1995-2004". Journal of Communication. 55 (4): 437–448. doi:10.1111/j.1460-2466.2004.tb02647.x.
- Anderson, John Arthur (1996). Communication Theory: Epistemological Foundations. Guilford Press. ISBN 978-1-57230-083-5. Retrieved Feb 2, 2011.
- Craig, Robert T. (March 1989). "Communication as a Practical discipline". In Dervin, Brenda (ed.). Rethinking Communication: Paradigm Issues. Vol. 1. SAGE Publications. pp. 97–122. ISBN 978-0-8039-3029-2. Retrieved Jan 29, 2011.
- Craig, Robert T. (May 1999). "Communication Theory as a Field" (PDF). Communication Theory. 9 (2): 119–161. doi:10.1111/j.1468-2885.1999.tb00355.x. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2010-10-10. Retrieved Jan 8, 2011.
- Craig, Robert (May 2001). "Minding My Metamodel, Mending Myers". Communication Theory. 11 (2): 231–240. doi:10.1111/j.1468-2885.2001.tb00241.x.
- Craig, Robert (2006). "A Path Through the Methodological Divides" (PDF). KEIO Communication Review. 28: 9–17. Retrieved Jan 8, 2011.
- Craig, Robert; Trans. Johanne Saint-Charles; Trans. Pierre Mongea (2009). "La communication en tant que champ d'études" (PDF). Revue internationale de communication sociale et publique. 1: 1–42. Retrieved Jan 8, 2011.
- Craig, Robert; Muller, Heidi, eds. (April 2007). Theorizing Communication: Readings Across the Traditions. SAGE Publications. ISBN 978-1-4129-5237-8. Retrieved Jan 29, 2011.
- Craig, Robert; Tracy, Karen (August 1995). "Grounded Practical Theory:The Case Of Intellectual Discussion" (PDF). Communication Theory. 5 (3): 248–272. doi:10.1111/j.1468-2885.1995.tb00108.x. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2011-09-27. Retrieved Feb 5, 2011.
- D'Angelo, Paul (December 2002). "News Framing as a Multiparadigmatic Research Program:A Response to Entman". Journal of Communication. 52 (4): 870–888. doi:10.1111/j.1460-2466.2002.tb02578.x.
- Donsback, Wolfgang (September 2006). "The Identity of Communication Research" (PDF). Journal of Communication. 54 (4): 589–615. doi:10.1111/j.1460-2466.2006.00294.x. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2011-07-20. Retrieved Jan 28, 2011.
- Griffin, Emory A. (2006). A First Look at Communication Theory (6 ed.). McGraw-Hill. ISBN 9780073010182. Retrieved Jan 29, 2011.
- Jimenez, Leonarda; Guillem, Susana (August 2009). "Does Communication Studies Have an Identity? Setting the Bases for Contemporary Research". Catalan Journal of Communication and Cultural Studies. 1 (1): 15–27. doi:10.1386/cjcs.1.1.15_1.
- Lindlof, Thomas R.; Taylor, Bryan C. (2002). Qualitative Communication Research Methods (2 ed.). Sage Publications Ltd. ISBN 9780761924944. Retrieved Jan 28, 2011.
- Littlejohn, Stephen; Foss, Karen (2008). Theories of Human Communication (PDF) (9 ed.). Thomson and Wadsworth. Retrieved Jan 23, 2011.
- Miller, Katherine (2005). Communication Theories:Perspectives, Processes, and Contexts (2 ed.). McGraw-Hill. ISBN 9780072937947. Retrieved Jan 29, 2011.
- Penman, Robyn (2000). Reconstructing Communicating: looking to a Future. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc. ISBN 9781410605832. Retrieved Jan 28, 2011.
- Tracy, Karen (2004). "Action-Implicative Discourse Analysis: A Communication Approach to Analyzing Talk" (PDF). Texas Linguistic Forum. 47: 219–237. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2010-11-16. Retrieved Feb 2, 2011.
- Tracy, Karen (November 2007). "The Discourse of Crisis in Public Meetings: Case Study of a School District's Multimillion Dollar Error" (PDF). Journal of Applied Communication Research. 35 (4): 418–441. doi:10.1080/00909880701617133. S2CID 143995651. Retrieved Feb 2, 2011.
- Tracy, Karen; Craig, Craig T. (2010). "Studying Interaction in Order to Cultivate communicative Practices: Action-Implicative Discourse Analysis" (PDF). In Streech, Jürgen (ed.). New Adventures in Language and Interaction. John Benjamins Publishing Company. pp. 145–166. ISBN 978-90-272-5600-3. Retrieved Feb 2, 2011.
External links
[edit]- Robert T. Craig's homepage
- <meta> discourses, Robert T. Craig's Communication theory website
- University of Colorado Boulder's Communication department
Categories:
- 1947 births
- Living people
- 20th-century American philosophers
- 21st-century American philosophers
- American philosophy academics
- Communication theorists
- Michigan State University alumni
- Writers from Rochester, New York
- American philosophers of language
- Pragmatists
- Rhetoric theorists
- University of Colorado Boulder faculty
- University of Wisconsin–Madison alumni
- Writers from Colorado
- Writers from Michigan
- Writers from Wisconsin