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{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2017}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2017}}

[[File:Tytus Woychiechowski.jpg|thumb|Tytus Woyciechowski, c. 1875]]
[[File:Tytus Woyciechowski.jpg|thumb|Tytus Woyciechowski, c. 1875]]
[[File:Poturzyn - pomnik pamięci Fryderyka Chopina - (1).jpg|thumb|Memorial to Chopin's visit to [[Poturzyn]]]]
[[File:Poturzyn - pomnik pamięci Fryderyka Chopina - (1).jpg|thumb|Memorial to Chopin's visit to [[Poturzyn]]]]
'''Tytus Sylwester Woyciechowski''' (31 December 1808 – 23 March 1879) was a Polish political activist, [[agriculturalist]], and patron of art. He was an early friend — and possible lover<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Pizà |first=Antoni |date=2021-01-01 |title=Overture: Love—Love is a pink cake, or, Queering Chopin in times of homophobia |url=https://academicworks.cuny.edu/gc_pubs/757 |journal=Publications and Research}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Weber |first=Moritz |date=2022-01-13 |title=AKT I / ACTO I / CT I Männer / Hombres / Men Chopins Männer / Los hombres de Chopin / Chopin’s Men |url=https://ojs.uv.es/index.php/ITAMAR/article/view/23609 |journal=Itamar. Revista de investigación musical: territorios para el arte |language=es-ES |volume=0 |issue=0 |issn=2386-8260}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-12-22 |title=Late Outing - Chopin was Homosexual – and Nobody should Know |url=https://www.srf.ch/kultur/musik/late-outing-chopin-was-homosexual-and-nobody-should-know |access-date=2024-02-22 |website=Schweizer Radio und Fernsehen (SRF) |language=de}}</ref> — of the Polish composer [[Frédéric Chopin]].
'''Tytus Sylwester Woyciechowski''' (31 December 1808 – 23 March 1879) was a Polish political activist, [[agriculturalist]], and patron of art. He was an early friend of the Polish composer [[Frédéric Chopin]].


The spelling of Woyciechowski's surname is an archaic version of the more common "[[Wojciechowski]]", with a "j" instead of a "y".
The spelling of Woyciechowski's surname is an archaic version of the more common "[[Wojciechowski]]", with a "j" instead of a "y".
Line 9: Line 10:
Woyciechowski was born in [[Lviv|Lemberg]], [[Kingdom of Galicia and Lodomeria|Galicia]] (now Lviv, Ukraine).
Woyciechowski was born in [[Lviv|Lemberg]], [[Kingdom of Galicia and Lodomeria|Galicia]] (now Lviv, Ukraine).


===Friend of Chopin===
===Relationship with Chopin===
In his youth Woyciechowski was a fellow student of Chopin's at the [[Warsaw Lyceum]], boarding with the Chopin family. He went on to study law at [[Warsaw University]].
In his youth Woyciechowski was a fellow student of Chopin's at the [[Warsaw Lyceum]], boarding with the Chopin family. He went on to study law at [[Warsaw University]].


Chopin dedicated to him his Op. 2 ''[[Variations on "Là ci darem la mano" (Chopin)|Variations on "Là ci darem la mano"]]''. Woyciechowski wrote on the front page of the Variations „J’accepte avec plaisir“ („I accept with pleasure“).<ref>{{Cite web |last=Chopin |first=Frédéric |title=Là ci darem la mano: Varié pour le piano-forté avec accompagnement d'orchestre dedié à Mr. Titus Woyciechowski. Oeuvre 2. |url=https://digital.onb.ac.at/RepViewer/viewer.faces?doc=DTL_5499823 |access-date=2022-04-18 |website=digital.onb.ac.at}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Chopin |first=Frédéric |url= |title=Korespondencja Fryderyka Chopina |date= |publisher=Wydawnictwa Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego |others=Zofia Helman, Zbigniew Skowron, Hanna Wróblewska-Straus, Uniwersytet Warszawski |year=2009 |isbn=978-83-235-0481-8 |edition=Wydanie I |location=Warszawa |pages=619 |oclc=}}</ref>. In October 1829 Chopin sent him the [[Waltzes, Op. 70 (Chopin)|Waltz Op. 70,3]] together with a letter.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Letter to Tytus Woyciechowski, 3. October 1829 |url=https://chopin.nifc.pl/en/chopin/list/664_to-tytus-woyciechowski-in-poturzyn |access-date=2022-06-29 |website=chopin.nifc.pl}}</ref> In July 1830 Chopin visited Woyciechowski at his estate in Poturzyn, which Woyciechowski had inherited from his mother.<ref>Woyciechowski (a)</ref>
Chopin dedicated to him his Op. 2 ''[[Variations on "Là ci darem la mano" (Chopin)|Variations on "Là ci darem la mano"]]''. Woyciechowski wrote on the front page of the Variations "J'accepte avec plaisir" ("I accept with pleasure").<ref>{{Cite web |last=Chopin |first=Frédéric |title=Là ci darem la mano: Varié pour le piano-forté avec accompagnement d'orchestre dedié à Mr. Titus Woyciechowski. Oeuvre 2. |url=https://digital.onb.ac.at/RepViewer/viewer.faces?doc=DTL_5499823 |access-date=2022-04-18 |website=digital.onb.ac.at}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Chopin |first=Frédéric |url= |title=Korespondencja Fryderyka Chopina |publisher=Wydawnictwa Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego |others=Zofia Helman, Zbigniew Skowron, Hanna Wróblewska-Straus, Uniwersytet Warszawski |year=2009 |isbn=978-83-235-0481-8 |edition=Wydanie I |location=Warszawa |pages=619 |oclc=}}</ref> In October 1829 Chopin sent him the [[Waltzes, Op. 70 (Chopin)|Waltz Op. 70,3]] together with a letter.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Letter to Tytus Woyciechowski, 3. October 1829 |url=https://chopin.nifc.pl/en/chopin/list/664_to-tytus-woyciechowski-in-poturzyn |access-date=2022-06-29 |website=chopin.nifc.pl}}</ref> In July 1830 Chopin visited Woyciechowski at his estate in Poturzyn, which Woyciechowski had inherited from his mother.<ref name="Woyciechowski a">Woyciechowski (a)</ref> Chopin recalled this visit in a letter:


{{Blockquote|text=I tell you sincerely that it is pleasant to recall all of this. Your fields left in me some sort of longing; that birch under the windows just will not leave my memory. That crossbow! How romantic it all was! I remember that crossbow, with which you really wore me out - for all my sins. |sign=Frédéric Chopin to Tytus Woyciechowski (21.8.1830)<ref>{{cite web | url=https://chopin.nifc.pl/en/chopin/list/673_to-tytus-woyciechowski-in-poturzyn | title=Narodowy Instytut Fryderyka Chopina }}</ref><ref name="Frick">{{Cite book|last=Chopin |first=Frédéric|url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/956448514|title=Chopin's Polish Letters |publisher=Narodowy Instytut Fryderyka Chopina |translator-last=Frick |translator-first=David A. |date=2016 |isbn=978-83-64823-19-0 |location=Warsaw |oclc=956448514}}</ref>{{rp|p=165}}}}
⚫
Many biographers believe that Woyciechowski acted as a confidant for Chopin during his apparent infatuation with the young singer [[Konstancja Gładkowska]].<ref>Zamoyski (2010), pp. 55–56.</ref>


⚫
Many biographers believe that Woyciechowski acted as a confidant for Chopin during an alleged infatuation with the singer [[Konstancja Gładkowska]].<ref>Zamoyski (2010), pp. 55–56.</ref>
Chopin's correspondence with Tytus in this period has given rise to conjecture (which Chopin's 2018 biographer [[Alan Walker (musicologist)|Alan Walker]] is "much inclined to doubt") that Chopin's friendship with Tytus may have been [[homoerotic]], at least on Chopin's part.<ref>Walker (2018), pp. 156–58.</ref>


Woyciechowski is shown in Chopin's letters to him to be amongst the composer's favorite friends, or perhaps a lover:
⚫
Woyciechowski accompanied Chopin in his 1830 journey to Austria but, on learning of the [[November Uprising|November 1830 Uprising]], returned to Warsaw to take part in the fighting. He became a [[second lieutenant]] and was awarded the highest Polish military decoration, the [[Virtuti Militari]].<ref>Walker (2018), p. 182</ref> While the two never met thereafter, they continued to correspond.<ref>Woyciechowski (a)</ref>

{{Blockquote|text=As always, even now, I carry your letters with me. How blissful it will be for me, having gone beyond the city walls in May, thinking about my approaching journey, to pull out a letter of yours and assure myself sincerely that you love me, or at least to gaze at the hand and the writing of him, whom only I am able to love! |sign=Frédéric Chopin to Tytus Woyciechowski (27.3.1830)<ref>{{cite web | url=https://chopin.nifc.pl/en/chopin/list/668_to-tytus-woyciechowski-in-poturzyn | title=Narodowy Instytut Fryderyka Chopina }}</ref><ref name="Frick" />{{rp|p=148f}}}}

{{Blockquote|text=I will go and wash. Don't kiss me now, because I haven't yet washed. You? Even if I were to rub myself with Byzantine oils, you still wouldn't kiss me, unless I compelled you to do so with magnetism. There is some sort of force in nature. Today you will dream that you're kissing me. I have to pay you back for the nasty dream you brought me last night.|sign=Frédéric Chopin to Tytus Woyciechowski (4.9.1830)<ref>{{cite web | url=https://chopin.nifc.pl/en/chopin/list/675_to-tytus-woyciechowski-in-poturzyn | title=Narodowy Instytut Fryderyka Chopina }}</ref><ref name="Frick" />{{rp|pp=174–175}}|title=|source=}}

⚫
Woyciechowski accompanied Chopin in his 1830 journey to Austria but, on learning of the [[November Uprising|November 1830 Uprising]], returned to Warsaw to take part in the fighting. He became a [[second lieutenant]] and was awarded the highest Polish military decoration, the [[Virtuti Militari]].<ref>Walker (2018), p. 182</ref> While the two never met thereafter, they continued to correspond.<ref name="Woyciechowski a"/>


===Later life===
===Later life===
Woychiechowski married Countess Aloysia Poletylo, by whom he had four children – their second son being named Fryderyk, after Chopin.<ref>Walker (2018), p. 158</ref>
In 1838, Woychiechowski married Countess Aloysia Poletylo, by whom he had four children – their second son being named Fryderyk, after Chopin.<ref>Walker (2018), p. 158</ref>
Woyciechowski dedicated himself to agriculture, pioneered the introduction of [[crop rotation]] in Poland, and in 1847 founded one of the first sugar factories in the country. In 1861–62 he was an active member of the White Party, which took part in the failed [[January Uprising|January 1863 Uprising]].<ref>Woyciechowski (a)</ref>
Woyciechowski dedicated himself to agriculture, pioneered the introduction of [[crop rotation]] in Poland, and in 1847 founded one of the first sugar factories in the country. In 1861–62 he was an active member of the White Party, which took part in the failed [[January Uprising|January 1863 Uprising]].<ref name="Woyciechowski a"/>


He died in [[Poturzyn]], now Poland.
He died in [[Poturzyn]], now Poland.


The Woyciechowski collection of Chopin memorabilia was destroyed by fire in 1914: It contained a piano made by the [[Fryderyk Buchholtz|Buchholtz]] company, on which Chopin played and composed, copies of his compositions (the piano Variations à quatre mains ending in a [[fugue]], written on 17 pages, and a [[Contra dance|contredanse]]), Chopin's letters to Tytus Woyciechowski and a pen in the shape of a column, with a head and base in gold and a core in coloured [[mosaic]]. The base, decorated with the [[Initial|initials]] T.W., served at the same time as a [[Seal (emblem)|seal]]. A card with Chopin's dedication lay in a special case.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Chopin |first=Frédéric |url= |title=Korespondencja Fryderyka Chopina |date= |publisher=Wydawnictwa Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego |others=Zofia Helman, Zbigniew Skowron, Hanna Wróblewska-Straus, Uniwersytet Warszawski |year=2009 |isbn=978-83-235-0481-8 |edition=Wydanie I |location=Warszawa |pages=622 |oclc=}}</ref> The family manor house at Poturzyn was destroyed during the [[Second World War]].
The Woyciechowski collection of Chopin memorabilia was destroyed by fire in 1914: It contained a piano made by the [[Fryderyk Buchholtz|Buchholtz]] company, on which Chopin played and composed, copies of his compositions (the piano Variations à quatre mains ending in a [[fugue]], written on 17 pages, and a [[Contra dance|contredanse]]), Chopin's letters to Tytus Woyciechowski and a pen in the shape of a column, with a head and base in gold and a core in coloured [[mosaic]]. The base, decorated with the [[initial]]s T.W., served at the same time as a [[Seal (emblem)|seal]]. A card with Chopin's dedication lay in a special case.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Chopin |first=Frédéric |url= |title=Korespondencja Fryderyka Chopina |publisher=Wydawnictwa Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego |others=Zofia Helman, Zbigniew Skowron, Hanna Wróblewska-Straus, Uniwersytet Warszawski |year=2009 |isbn=978-83-235-0481-8 |edition=Wydanie I |location=Warszawa |pages=622 |oclc=}}</ref> The family manor house at Poturzyn was destroyed during the [[Second World War]].


==Notes==
==Notes==
Line 38: Line 45:
* Zamoyski, Adam (2010). ''Chopin, Prince of the Romantics'', London: HarperPress. {{ISBN|978-0-007-35182-4}}.
* Zamoyski, Adam (2010). ''Chopin, Prince of the Romantics'', London: HarperPress. {{ISBN|978-0-007-35182-4}}.
{{Authority control}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Woyciechowski, Tytus}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Woyciechowski, Tytus}}
[[Category:1808 births]]
[[Category:1808 births]]
Line 45: Line 53:
[[Category:Frédéric Chopin]]
[[Category:Frédéric Chopin]]
[[Category:19th-century Polish politicians]]
[[Category:19th-century Polish politicians]]
{{Poland-bio-stub}}

Latest revision as of 14:04, 10 April 2024

Tytus Woyciechowski, c. 1875
Memorial to Chopin's visit to Poturzyn

Tytus Sylwester Woyciechowski (31 December 1808 – 23 March 1879) was a Polish political activist, agriculturalist, and patron of art. He was an early friend — and possible lover[1][2][3] — of the Polish composer Frédéric Chopin.

The spelling of Woyciechowski's surname is an archaic version of the more common "Wojciechowski", with a "j" instead of a "y".

Life

[edit]

Woyciechowski was born in Lemberg, Galicia (now Lviv, Ukraine).

Relationship with Chopin

[edit]

In his youth Woyciechowski was a fellow student of Chopin's at the Warsaw Lyceum, boarding with the Chopin family. He went on to study law at Warsaw University.

Chopin dedicated to him his Op. 2 Variations on "Là ci darem la mano". Woyciechowski wrote on the front page of the Variations "J'accepte avec plaisir" ("I accept with pleasure").[4][5] In October 1829 Chopin sent him the Waltz Op. 70,3 together with a letter.[6] In July 1830 Chopin visited Woyciechowski at his estate in Poturzyn, which Woyciechowski had inherited from his mother.[7] Chopin recalled this visit in a letter:

I tell you sincerely that it is pleasant to recall all of this. Your fields left in me some sort of longing; that birch under the windows just will not leave my memory. That crossbow! How romantic it all was! I remember that crossbow, with which you really wore me out - for all my sins.

— Frédéric Chopin to Tytus Woyciechowski (21.8.1830)[8][9]: 165 

Many biographers believe that Woyciechowski acted as a confidant for Chopin during an alleged infatuation with the singer Konstancja Gładkowska.[10]

Woyciechowski is shown in Chopin's letters to him to be amongst the composer's favorite friends, or perhaps a lover:

As always, even now, I carry your letters with me. How blissful it will be for me, having gone beyond the city walls in May, thinking about my approaching journey, to pull out a letter of yours and assure myself sincerely that you love me, or at least to gaze at the hand and the writing of him, whom only I am able to love!

— Frédéric Chopin to Tytus Woyciechowski (27.3.1830)[11][9]: 148f 

I will go and wash. Don't kiss me now, because I haven't yet washed. You? Even if I were to rub myself with Byzantine oils, you still wouldn't kiss me, unless I compelled you to do so with magnetism. There is some sort of force in nature. Today you will dream that you're kissing me. I have to pay you back for the nasty dream you brought me last night.

— Frédéric Chopin to Tytus Woyciechowski (4.9.1830)[12][9]: 174–175 

Woyciechowski accompanied Chopin in his 1830 journey to Austria but, on learning of the November 1830 Uprising, returned to Warsaw to take part in the fighting. He became a second lieutenant and was awarded the highest Polish military decoration, the Virtuti Militari.[13] While the two never met thereafter, they continued to correspond.[7]

Later life

[edit]

In 1838, Woychiechowski married Countess Aloysia Poletylo, by whom he had four children – their second son being named Fryderyk, after Chopin.[14]

Woyciechowski dedicated himself to agriculture, pioneered the introduction of crop rotation in Poland, and in 1847 founded one of the first sugar factories in the country. In 1861–62 he was an active member of the White Party, which took part in the failed January 1863 Uprising.[7]

He died in Poturzyn, now Poland.

The Woyciechowski collection of Chopin memorabilia was destroyed by fire in 1914: It contained a piano made by the Buchholtz company, on which Chopin played and composed, copies of his compositions (the piano Variations à quatre mains ending in a fugue, written on 17 pages, and a contredanse), Chopin's letters to Tytus Woyciechowski and a pen in the shape of a column, with a head and base in gold and a core in coloured mosaic. The base, decorated with the initials T.W., served at the same time as a seal. A card with Chopin's dedication lay in a special case.[15] The family manor house at Poturzyn was destroyed during the Second World War.

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^ Pizà, Antoni (1 January 2021). "Overture: Love—Love is a pink cake, or, Queering Chopin in times of homophobia". Publications and Research.
  2. ^ Weber, Moritz (13 January 2022). "AKT I / ACTO I / CT I Männer / Hombres / Men Chopins Männer / Los hombres de Chopin / Chopin's Men". Itamar. Revista de investigación musical: territorios para el arte (in European Spanish). 0 (0). ISSN 2386-8260.
  3. ^ "Late Outing - Chopin was Homosexual – and Nobody should Know". Schweizer Radio und Fernsehen (SRF) (in German). 22 December 2020. Retrieved 22 February 2024.
  4. ^ Chopin, Frédéric. "Là ci darem la mano: Varié pour le piano-forté avec accompagnement d'orchestre dedié à Mr. Titus Woyciechowski. Oeuvre 2". digital.onb.ac.at. Retrieved 18 April 2022.
  5. ^ Chopin, Frédéric (2009). Korespondencja Fryderyka Chopina. Zofia Helman, Zbigniew Skowron, Hanna Wróblewska-Straus, Uniwersytet Warszawski (Wydanie I ed.). Warszawa: Wydawnictwa Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego. p. 619. ISBN 978-83-235-0481-8.
  6. ^ "Letter to Tytus Woyciechowski, 3. October 1829". chopin.nifc.pl. Retrieved 29 June 2022.
  7. ^ a b c Woyciechowski (a)
  8. ^ "Narodowy Instytut Fryderyka Chopina".
  9. ^ a b c Chopin, Frédéric (2016). Chopin's Polish Letters. Translated by Frick, David A. Warsaw: Narodowy Instytut Fryderyka Chopina. ISBN 978-83-64823-19-0. OCLC 956448514.
  10. ^ Zamoyski (2010), pp. 55–56.
  11. ^ "Narodowy Instytut Fryderyka Chopina".
  12. ^ "Narodowy Instytut Fryderyka Chopina".
  13. ^ Walker (2018), p. 182
  14. ^ Walker (2018), p. 158
  15. ^ Chopin, Frédéric (2009). Korespondencja Fryderyka Chopina. Zofia Helman, Zbigniew Skowron, Hanna Wróblewska-Straus, Uniwersytet Warszawski (Wydanie I ed.). Warszawa: Wydawnictwa Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego. p. 622. ISBN 978-83-235-0481-8.

Sources

[edit]
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