Nova Vulgata: Difference between revisions

Nova Vulgata
Nova Vulgata
	Nova Vulgata 1986 cover
Other names	Neo-Vulgate, New Latin Vulgate, New Vulgate
Language	Classical Latin
Complete Bible; published	1979 (2nd revised edition in 1986)
Textual basis	Vulgate
Religious affiliation	Catholic Church
Website	Nova Vulgata- Bibliorum Sacrorum Editio (vatican.va)
	Genesis 1:1–3 1 In principio creavit Deus caelum et terram. ; 2 Terra autem erat inanis et vacua, et tenebrae super faciem abyssi, et spiritus Dei ferebatur super aquas. ; 3 Dixitque Deus: “Fiat lux”. Et facta est lux. John 3:16 Sic enim dilexit Deus mundum, ut Filium suum unigenitum daret, ut omnis, qui credit in eum, non pereat, sed habeat vitam aeternam.

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The Nova Vulgata (complete title: Nova Vulgata Bibliorum Sacrorum Editio, transl. The New Vulgate Edition of the Holy Bible; abr. NV), also called the Neo-Vulgate, is the Catholic Church's official Classical Latin translation of the original-language texts of the Bible published by the Holy See. It was completed in 1979, and was promulgated the same year by John Paul II in Scripturarum thesaurus. A second, revised edition was published in 1986. It is the official Latin text of the Bible of the Catholic Church. The Nova Vulgata is also called the New Latin Vulgate^[2] or the New Vulgate.^[3]

Before the Nova Vulgata, the Clementine Vulgate was the standard Bible of the Catholic Church.^[4]

The Nova Vulgata is not a critical edition of the historical Vulgate. Rather, it is a text intended to accord with modern critical editions of the Hebrew and Greek Bible texts, and to produce a style closer to Classical Latin.^[5]

History

Elaboration of the text

The Second Vatican Council in Sacrosanctum Concilium mandated a revision of the Latin Psalter, to bring it in line with modern textual and linguistic studies while preserving or refining its Christian Latin style. In 1965, Pope Paul VI appointed a commission to revise the rest of the Vulgate following the same principles. The Commission published its work in eight annotated sections and invited criticism from Catholic scholars as the sections were published. The Latin Psalter was published in 1969, the New Testament was completed by 1971, and the entire Nova Vulgata was published as a single-volume edition for the first time in 1979.^[6]

The foundational text of most of the Old Testament is the critical edition commissioned by Pope Pius X and produced by the monks of the Benedictine Abbey of St. Jerome.^[6] The foundational text of the Books of Tobit and Judith is from manuscripts of the Vetus Latina, rather than the Vulgate. The New Testament was based on the 1969 edition of the Stuttgart Vulgate, and hence on the Oxford Vulgate. All of these base texts were revised to accord with the modern critical editions in Greek, Hebrew, and Aramaic.^[7] A number of changes were also made where modern scholars felt that Jerome had failed to grasp the meaning of the original languages, or had rendered it obscurely.^[8]

First publication

The NV was first published in different fascicles between 1969 and 1977.^[9]

Promulgation and publication

In 1979, after decades of preparation, the Nova Vulgata was published, and was made the official Latin version of the Bible of the Catholic Church in the apostolic constitution Scripturarum thesaurus, promulgated by Pope John Paul II on April 25, 1979.^[10]^[11] The NV was published the same year.^[9]

A second edition, published in 1986, added a Preface to the reader,^[8] an Introduction to the principles used in producing the Nova Vulgata,^[7] and an appendix containing three historical documents from the Council of Trent and the Clementine Vulgate.^[12]

Liturgiam authenticam

In 2001, the Congregation for Divine Worship and the Discipline of the Sacraments released the instruction Liturgiam authenticam. This text stated the Nova Vulgata was "the point of reference as regards the delineation of the canonical text". Concerning the translation of liturgical texts, the instruction states:

Furthermore, in the preparation of these translations for liturgical use, the Nova Vulgata Editio, promulgated by the Apostolic See, is normally to be consulted as an auxiliary tool, in a manner described elsewhere in this Instruction, in order to maintain the tradition of interpretation that is proper to the Latin Liturgy. [...] [I]t is advantageous to be guided by the Nova Vulgata wherever there is a need to choose, from among various possibilities [of translation], that one which is most suited for expressing the manner in which a text has traditionally been read and received within the Latin liturgical tradition.^[13]

This recommendation is qualified, however: the instruction specifies that translations should not be made from the Nova Vulgata, but rather "must be made directly from the original texts, namely the Latin, as regards the texts of ecclesiastical composition, or the Hebrew, Aramaic, or Greek, as the case may be, as regards the texts of Sacred Scripture". The instruction does not recommend translation of the Bible, or of the liturgy, based solely upon the Latin Nova Vulgata; the NV must instead simply be used as an "auxiliary tool".^[14]

When translating the Tetragrammaton, Liturgiam authenticam says that "[i]n accordance with immemorial tradition, which indeed is already evident in the above-mentioned Septuagint version, the name of almighty God expressed by the Hebrew tetragrammaton and rendered in Latin by the word Dominus, is to be rendered into any given vernacular by a word equivalent in meaning."^[15]

Textual characteristics

Most of the approximately 2,000 changes made by the Nova Vulgata to the Stuttgart Vulgate text of Jerome's version of the Gospels are minor and stylistic in nature.^[16]^[17]

In addition, in the New Testament the Nova Vulgata introduced corrections to align the Latin with the Greek text in order to represent Jerome's text, as well as its Greek base, accurately. This alignment had not been achieved earlier, either in the edition of 1590 or in the 1592 edition of the Vulgate.^[17]

The NV contains only the Biblical canon of the Catholic Church, and not other pseudepigraphical books "often associated with the Vulgate tradition."^[9]

Use of the Nova Vulgata

William Griffin used the Nova Vulgata for his Latin-to-English translation of the Books of Tobit, Judith, 1 and 2 Maccabees, Baruch, Wisdom, Sirach, and the additions to Esther and to Daniel for the Catholic/Ecumenical Edition of The Message Bible.^[2]

The Nova Vulgata provides the Latin text of Kurt and Barbara Aland's bilingual Novum Testamentum Graece et Latine;^[16] the latter was first released in 1984.^[18] Also, since the Alands' 1984 revision of the Novum Testamentum Latine, the Novum Testamentum Latine has also used the Nova Vulgata as its reference text.^[16]

References

^ "NOVA VULGATA- Bibliorum Sacrorum Editio". www.vatican.va. Archived from the original on 24 May 2023. Retrieved 4 March 2024.
^ ^a ^b "Catholics get 'The Message' in new edition of Bible". National Catholic Reporter. 26 July 2014. Archived from the original on 17 January 2020. Retrieved 17 January 2020. Griffin said he used the Catholic-approved New Latin Vulgate as the basis for his translations. The Latin was no problem for him, he said, but finding English expressions that were both faithful to the Latin meaning and suitable for a contemporary audience was a challenge.
^ "To members of the Pontifical Commission for the New Vulgate (April 27, 1979) | John Paul II". www.vatican.va. Archived from the original on 14 October 2020. Retrieved 13 October 2020.
^ Houghton, H. A. G. (2016). The Latin New Testament: A Guide to Its Early History, Texts, and Manuscripts. Oxford University Press. p. 132. ISBN 9780198744733. The standard Bible of the Roman Catholic Church until 1979 was the Clementine Vulgate, prepared for Pope Clement VIII in 1592.
^ Stramare, Tarcisio (1981). "Die Neo-Vulgata. Zur Gestaltung des Textes". Biblische Zeitschrift. 25 (1): 67–81. doi:10.30965/25890468-02501005. S2CID 244689083.
^ ^a ^b Clifford, Richard J. (April 2001). "The Authority of the Nova Vulgata: A Note on a Recent Roman Document". Catholic Biblical Quarterly. 63 (2): 197–202. JSTOR 43724418.
^ ^a ^b "Praenotanda (Bibliorum Sacrorum nova vulgata editio)". vatican.va (in Latin). Archived from the original on 21 March 2020. Retrieved 4 June 2015.
^ ^a ^b "Praefatio ad Lectorem (Bibliorum Sacrorum nova vulgata editio)". vatican.va (in Latin). Archived from the original on 11 August 2022. Retrieved 4 June 2015.
^ ^a ^b ^c Fitzmyer, Joseph A. (1990) [1961]. "Chapter VI - Ancient Versions". An Introductory Bibliography for the Study of Scripture (3rd ed.). Editrice Pontifico Istituto Biblico. p. 52. ISBN 978-88-7653-592-5. Archived from the original on 5 December 2021. Retrieved 3 December 2021.
^ "Scripturarum Thesarurus, Apostolic Constitution, 25 April 1979, John Paul II". Vatican: The Holy See. Archived from the original on 2 March 2013. Retrieved 19 December 2013.
^ Houghton, H. A. G. (2016). The Latin New Testament: A Guide to Its Early History, Texts, and Manuscripts. Oxford University Press. pp. 132–133. ISBN 978-0-19-874473-3.
^ "Appendix". vatican.va (in Latin). Archived from the original on 21 March 2020. Retrieved 4 June 2015.
^ "Liturgiam authenticam". vatican.va. Archived from the original on 18 January 2012. Retrieved 4 June 2015.
^ Estévez, Jorge A. Medina (November–December 2001). "Translations and the Consultation of the Nova Vulgata of the Latin Church". Notitiae. 37. Archived from the original on 22 September 2019. Retrieved 24 September 2019 – via bible-researcher.com.
^ "Modern Catholic Views on the Use of the Tetragrammaton". www.bible-researcher.com. Archived from the original on 1 April 2023. Retrieved 25 August 2019.
^ ^a ^b ^c Houghton, H. A. G. (2016). "Editions and Resources". The Latin New Testament: A Guide to Its Early History, Texts, and Manuscripts. Oxford University Press. p. 133. ISBN 9780198744733. There are approximately 2,000 differences between the Nova Vulgata and the critical text of Jerome's revision of the Gospels in the Stuttgart Vulgate, most of which are very minor. Following the appearance of the Nova Vulgata, Nestle's Novum Testamentum Latine was revised by Kurt and Barbara Aland: the Clementine text was replaced with the Nova Vulgata and an apparatus added showing differences from eleven other editions, including the Stuttgart, Oxford, Sixtine, and Clementine Vulgates; the first edition of 1984 was followed by a second edition in 1992. The Nova Vulgata is also the Latin text in the Alands' bilingual edition, Novum Testamentum Graece et Latine.
^ ^a ^b Aland, Kurt; Aland, Barbara (1995). "The Latin versions". The Text of the New Testament. Translated by F. Rhodes, Erroll (2nd ed.). Grand Rapids: William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company. pp. 190. ISBN 978-0-8028-4098-1.
^ Schlosser, Jacques (1985). "Novum Testamentum Graece et Latine (Nestle-Aland), 1984". Revue des Sciences Religieuses. 59 (1): 65. Archived from the original on 24 May 2022. Retrieved 22 January 2020.

External links

Nova Vulgata Bibliorum Sacrorum Editio

[1] "NOVA VULGATA- Bibliorum Sacrorum Editio". www.vatican.va. Archived from the original on 24 May 2023. Retrieved 4 March 2024.

[:0-2] "Catholics get 'The Message' in new edition of Bible". National Catholic Reporter. 26 July 2014. Archived from the original on 17 January 2020. Retrieved 17 January 2020. Griffin said he used the Catholic-approved New Latin Vulgate as the basis for his translations. The Latin was no problem for him, he said, but finding English expressions that were both faithful to the Latin meaning and suitable for a contemporary audience was a challenge.

[:1-3] "To members of the Pontifical Commission for the New Vulgate (April 27, 1979) | John Paul II". www.vatican.va. Archived from the original on 14 October 2020. Retrieved 13 October 2020.

[4] Houghton, H. A. G. (2016). The Latin New Testament: A Guide to Its Early History, Texts, and Manuscripts. Oxford University Press. p. 132. ISBN 9780198744733. The standard Bible of the Roman Catholic Church until 1979 was the Clementine Vulgate, prepared for Pope Clement VIII in 1592.

[5] Stramare, Tarcisio (1981). "Die Neo-Vulgata. Zur Gestaltung des Textes". Biblische Zeitschrift. 25 (1): 67–81. doi:10.30965/25890468-02501005. S2CID 244689083.

[authority-6] Clifford, Richard J. (April 2001). "The Authority of the Nova Vulgata: A Note on a Recent Roman Document". Catholic Biblical Quarterly. 63 (2): 197–202. JSTOR 43724418.

[vulgata_praenotanda_lt-7] "Praenotanda (Bibliorum Sacrorum nova vulgata editio)". vatican.va (in Latin). Archived from the original on 21 March 2020. Retrieved 4 June 2015.

[praefatio-8] "Praefatio ad Lectorem (Bibliorum Sacrorum nova vulgata editio)". vatican.va (in Latin). Archived from the original on 11 August 2022. Retrieved 4 June 2015.

[:2-9] Fitzmyer, Joseph A. (1990) [1961]. "Chapter VI - Ancient Versions". An Introductory Bibliography for the Study of Scripture (3rd ed.). Editrice Pontifico Istituto Biblico. p. 52. ISBN 978-88-7653-592-5. Archived from the original on 5 December 2021. Retrieved 3 December 2021.

[scripturarum-10] "Scripturarum Thesarurus, Apostolic Constitution, 25 April 1979, John Paul II". Vatican: The Holy See. Archived from the original on 2 March 2013. Retrieved 19 December 2013.

[11] Houghton, H. A. G. (2016). The Latin New Testament: A Guide to Its Early History, Texts, and Manuscripts. Oxford University Press. pp. 132–133. ISBN 978-0-19-874473-3.

[12] "Appendix". vatican.va (in Latin). Archived from the original on 21 March 2020. Retrieved 4 June 2015.

[13] "Liturgiam authenticam". vatican.va. Archived from the original on 18 January 2012. Retrieved 4 June 2015.

[14] Estévez, Jorge A. Medina (November–December 2001). "Translations and the Consultation of the Nova Vulgata of the Latin Church". Notitiae. 37. Archived from the original on 22 September 2019. Retrieved 24 September 2019 – via bible-researcher.com.

[15] "Modern Catholic Views on the Use of the Tetragrammaton". www.bible-researcher.com. Archived from the original on 1 April 2023. Retrieved 25 August 2019.

[houghton-16] Houghton, H. A. G. (2016). "Editions and Resources". The Latin New Testament: A Guide to Its Early History, Texts, and Manuscripts. Oxford University Press. p. 133. ISBN 9780198744733. There are approximately 2,000 differences between the Nova Vulgata and the critical text of Jerome's revision of the Gospels in the Stuttgart Vulgate, most of which are very minor. Following the appearance of the Nova Vulgata, Nestle's Novum Testamentum Latine was revised by Kurt and Barbara Aland: the Clementine text was replaced with the Nova Vulgata and an apparatus added showing differences from eleven other editions, including the Stuttgart, Oxford, Sixtine, and Clementine Vulgates; the first edition of 1984 was followed by a second edition in 1992. The Nova Vulgata is also the Latin text in the Alands' bilingual edition, Novum Testamentum Graece et Latine.

[:7-17] Aland, Kurt; Aland, Barbara (1995). "The Latin versions". The Text of the New Testament. Translated by F. Rhodes, Erroll (2nd ed.). Grand Rapids: William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company. pp. 190. ISBN 978-0-8028-4098-1.

[18] Schlosser, Jacques (1985). "Novum Testamentum Graece et Latine (Nestle-Aland), 1984". Revue des Sciences Religieuses. 59 (1): 65. Archived from the original on 24 May 2022. Retrieved 22 January 2020.

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@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
-{{short description|Official Classical Latin translation of the original-language texts of the Bible}}{{use dmy dates|date = January 2020}}
+{{Short description|Classical Latin translation of the Bible}}
+{{use dmy dates|date = January 2020}}
-{{For|the fourth-century Latin translation of the Bible|Vulgate}}{{Infobox book
-| name              = Nova Vulgata
-| country           = [[Vatican City]]
-| genre             = Official Bible of the Catholic Church
-| language          = [[Classical Latin]]
-| published         = 1979 (2nd revised edition in 1986)
-| preceded_by       = {{noitalic|[[Sixto-Clementine Vulgate]]}}
-| image             = Nova Vulgata, 1986.jpeg
-| caption           = Cover of the second edition
-| image_size        = 175
-| website           = [http://www.vatican.va/archive/bible/nova_vulgata/documents/nova-vulgata_index_lt.html Nova Vulgata - Bibliorum Sacrorum Editio on Vatican.va]
-}}
-{{Bible-related |TM}}
-The '''''Nova Vulgata''''' (complete title: '''''Nova Vulgata Bibliorum Sacrorum Editio''''', {{Translation|''The New Vulgate Edition of the Holy Bible''}}; [[Abridged|abr.]] '''''NV'''''), also called the '''Neo-Vulgate''', is the official [[Classical Latin]] translation of the original-language texts of the [[Bible]] published by the [[Holy See]]. It was completed in 1979, and was [[Promulgation (Catholic canon law)|promulgated]] the same year by [[Pope John Paul II|John Paul II]] in ''[[Scripturarum thesaurus]]''. A second, revised edition was published in 1986. It is the official Latin text of the Bible of the [[Catholic Church]]. The ''Nova Vulgata'' is also called the '''New Latin Vulgate'''<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|date=2014-07-26|title=Catholics get 'The Message' in new edition of Bible|url=https://www.ncronline.org/news/parish/catholics-get-message-new-edition-bible|access-date=2020-01-17|website=National Catholic Reporter|language=en|quote=Griffin said he used the Catholic-approved New Latin Vulgate as the basis for his translations. The Latin was no problem for him, he said, but finding English expressions that were both faithful to the Latin meaning and suitable for a contemporary audience was a challenge.}}</ref> or the '''New Vulgate'''.<ref>{{Cite web|title=To members of the Pontifical Commission for the New Vulgate (April 27, 1979) {{!}} John Paul II|url=http://www.vatican.va/content/john-paul-ii/en/speeches/1979/april/documents/hf_jp-ii_spe_19790427_pont-com-neo-volgata.html|access-date=2020-10-13|website=www.vatican.va}}</ref>
+{{Infobox Bible translation|title=Nova Vulgata|image=Nova Vulgata, 1986.jpeg|image_alt_text=Nova Vulgata 1986 cover|image_caption=Nova Vulgata 1986 cover|other_names=Neo-Vulgate, New Latin Vulgate, New Vulgate|language=[[Classical Latin]]|complete_bible_published=1979 (2nd revised edition in 1986)|textual_basis=[[Vulgate]]|religious_affiliation=[[Catholic Church]]|genesis_1:1-3=1 In principio creavit Deus caelum et terram. <br>
-Before the ''Nova Vulgata'', the [[Clementine Vulgate]] was the standard Bible of the Catholic Church.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Houghton|first=H. A. G.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CXQqCwAAQBAJ&q=sixtine+vulgate&pg=PA132|title=The Latin New Testament: A Guide to Its Early History, Texts, and Manuscripts|date=2016|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=9780198744733|pages=132|language=en}}</ref>
+Terra autem erat inanis et vacua, et tenebrae super faciem abyssi, et spiritus Dei ferebatur super aquas. <br>
+Dixitque Deus: “Fiat lux”. Et facta est lux. <ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.vatican.va/archive/bible/nova_vulgata/documents/nova-vulgata_index_lt.html |title=NOVA VULGATA- Bibliorum Sacrorum Editio |website=www.vatican.va |access-date=4 March 2024 |archive-date=24 May 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230524152119/https://www.vatican.va/archive/bible/nova_vulgata/documents/nova-vulgata_index_lt.html |url-status=live }}</ref>|john_3:16=Sic enim dilexit Deus mundum, ut Filium suum unigenitum daret, ut omnis, qui credit in eum, non pereat, sed habeat vitam aeternam.|website=[https://www.vatican.va/archive/bible/nova_vulgata/documents/nova-vulgata_index_lt.html Nova Vulgata- Bibliorum Sacrorum Editio (vatican.va)]}}{{Bible-related |TM}}
+The '''''Nova Vulgata''''' (complete title: '''''Nova Vulgata Bibliorum Sacrorum Editio''''', {{Translation|''The New Vulgate Edition of the Holy Bible''}}; [[Abridged|abr.]] '''''NV'''''), also called the '''Neo-Vulgate''', is the [[Catholic Church]]'s official [[Classical Latin]] translation of the original-language texts of the [[Bible]] published by the [[Holy See]]. It was completed in 1979, and was [[Promulgation (Catholic canon law)|promulgated]] the same year by [[Pope John Paul II|John Paul II]] in ''[[Scripturarum thesaurus]]''. A second, revised edition was published in 1986. It is the official Latin text of the Bible of the [[Catholic Church]]. The ''Nova Vulgata'' is also called the '''New Latin Vulgate'''<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|date=2014-07-26|title=Catholics get 'The Message' in new edition of Bible|url=https://www.ncronline.org/news/parish/catholics-get-message-new-edition-bible|access-date=2020-01-17|website=National Catholic Reporter|language=en|quote=Griffin said he used the Catholic-approved New Latin Vulgate as the basis for his translations. The Latin was no problem for him, he said, but finding English expressions that were both faithful to the Latin meaning and suitable for a contemporary audience was a challenge.|archive-date=17 January 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200117160357/https://www.ncronline.org/news/parish/catholics-get-message-new-edition-bible|url-status=live}}</ref> or the '''New Vulgate'''.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|title=To members of the Pontifical Commission for the New Vulgate (April 27, 1979) {{!}} John Paul II|url=http://www.vatican.va/content/john-paul-ii/en/speeches/1979/april/documents/hf_jp-ii_spe_19790427_pont-com-neo-volgata.html|access-date=2020-10-13|website=www.vatican.va|archive-date=14 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201014073634/http://www.vatican.va/content/john-paul-ii/en/speeches/1979/april/documents/hf_jp-ii_spe_19790427_pont-com-neo-volgata.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
+Before the ''Nova Vulgata'', the [[Clementine Vulgate]] was the standard Bible of the Catholic Church.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Houghton |first=H. A. G. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CXQqCwAAQBAJ&q=sixtine+vulgate&pg=PA132 |title=The Latin New Testament: A Guide to Its Early History, Texts, and Manuscripts |date=2016 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=9780198744733 |pages=132 |language=en |quote=The standard Bible of the Roman Catholic Church until 1979 was the Clementine Vulgate, prepared for Pope Clement VIII in 1592.}}</ref>
-The ''Nova Vulgata'' is not a [[critical edition]] of the historical [[Vulgate]]. Rather, it is a text intended to accord with modern critical editions of the Hebrew and Greek Bible texts, and to produce a style closer to [[Classical Latin]].<ref>{{Cite journal|volume=25|issue=1|pages=67–81|last=Stramare|first=Tarcisio|title=Die Neo-Vulgata. Zur Gestaltung des Textes|journal=Biblische Zeitschrift|year=1981|doi=10.30965/25890468-02501005|s2cid=244689083}}</ref>
+The ''Nova Vulgata'' is not a [[critical edition]] of the historical [[Vulgate]]. Rather, it is a text intended to accord with modern critical editions of the Hebrew and Greek Bible texts, and to produce a style closer to Classical Latin.<ref>{{Cite journal|volume=25|issue=1|pages=67–81|last=Stramare|first=Tarcisio|title=Die Neo-Vulgata. Zur Gestaltung des Textes|journal=Biblische Zeitschrift|year=1981|doi=10.30965/25890468-02501005|s2cid=244689083}}</ref>
 ==History==
 ===Elaboration of the text===
-In 1907, [[Pope Pius X]] commissioned the [[Benedictine Order]] to produce as pure a version as possible of Jerome's original text after conducting an extensive search for as-yet-unstudied manuscripts, particularly in Spain.<ref name=":1">{{Cite book|last=Metzger|first=Bruce M.|title=The Early Versions of the New Testament|publisher=Clarendon Press|year=1977|location=Oxford|pages=351|chapter=VII The Latin Versions|author-link=Bruce M. Metzger}}</ref> [[Pope Pius XI]] established the [[Pontifical Abbey of St Jerome-in-the-City]] in 1933 to complete the work.
-By the 1970s, the Benedictine edition was no longer required for official purposes because of [[Mass of Paul VI|liturgical changes]] that had spurred the Holy See to produce a new translation of the Latin Bible, the ''Nova Vulgata''.<ref name="scripturarum">{{cite web|title=Scripturarum Thesarurus, Apostolic Constitution, 25 April 1979, John Paul II|url=https://www.vatican.va/holy_father/john_paul_ii/apost_constitutions/documents/hf_jp-ii_apc_19790425_scripturarum-thesaurus_en.html|publisher=Vatican: The Holy See|access-date=19 December 2013}}</ref> In consequence, the abbey was suppressed in 1984.<ref>{{cite web|last=Pope John Paul II|title=Epistula Vincentio Truijen OSB Abbati Claravallensi, 'De Pontificia Commissione Vulgatae editioni recognoscendae atque emendandae'|url=https://www.vatican.va/holy_father/john_paul_ii/letters/1984/documents/hf_jp-ii_let_19840115_truijen_lt.html|publisher=Vatican: The Holy See|access-date=19 December 2013}}</ref> Five monks were nonetheless allowed to complete the final two volumes of the Old Testament, which were published under the abbey's name in 1987 and 1995.<ref>{{cite web|title=Bibliorum Sacrorum Vetus Vulgata|url=http://www.libreriaeditricevaticana.com/it/catalogue/catalogo.jsp?cat=B38|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://archive.today/20131219183331/http://www.libreriaeditricevaticana.com/it/catalogue/catalogo.jsp?cat=B38|archive-date=19 December 2013|access-date=19 December 2013|website=Libreria Editrice Vaticana|publisher=Libreria Editrice Vaticana}}</ref>
 The [[Second Vatican Council]] in ''[[Sacrosanctum Concilium]]'' mandated a revision of the [[Latin Psalters|Latin Psalter]], to bring it in line with modern textual and linguistic studies while preserving or refining its Christian Latin style. In 1965, [[Pope Paul VI]] appointed a commission to revise the rest of the Vulgate following the same principles. The Commission published its work in eight annotated sections and invited criticism from Catholic scholars as the sections were published. The [[Latin Psalters#Versio Nova Vulgata|Latin Psalter]] was published in 1969, the New Testament was completed by 1971, and the entire ''Nova Vulgata'' was published as a single-volume edition for the first time in 1979.<ref name="authority">{{cite journal|last=Clifford|first=Richard J.|date=April 2001|title=The Authority of the Nova Vulgata: A Note on a Recent Roman Document|journal=Catholic Biblical Quarterly|volume=63|issue=2|pages=197–202|jstor=43724418}}</ref>
-The foundational text of most of the Old Testament is [[Benedictine Vulgate|the critical edition]] commissioned by [[Pope Pius X]] and produced by the monks of the [[Pontifical Abbey of St Jerome-in-the-City|Benedictine Abbey of St. Jerome]].<ref name="authority" /> The foundational text of the Books of Tobit and Judith is from manuscripts of the ''[[Vetus Latina]]'', rather than the Vulgate. The New Testament was based on the 1969 edition of the [[Stuttgart Vulgate]], and hence on the [[Oxford Vulgate]]. All of these base texts were revised to accord with the modern critical editions in Greek, Hebrew, and Aramaic.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.vatican.va/archive/bible/nova_vulgata/documents/nova-vulgata_praenotanda_lt.html|title=Praenotanda (Bibliorum Sacrorum nova vulgata editio)|website=vatican.va|language=la|access-date=2015-06-04}}</ref> A number of changes were also made where modern scholars felt that Jerome had failed to grasp the meaning of the original languages, or had rendered it obscurely.<ref name="praefatio">{{cite web|url=https://www.vatican.va/archive/bible/nova_vulgata/documents/nova-vulgata_praefatio_lt.html|language=la|title=Praefatio ad Lectorem (Bibliorum Sacrorum nova vulgata editio)|website=vatican.va|access-date=2015-06-04}}</ref>
+The foundational text of most of the Old Testament is [[Benedictine Vulgate|the critical edition]] commissioned by [[Pope Pius X]] and produced by the monks of the [[Pontifical Abbey of St Jerome-in-the-City|Benedictine Abbey of St. Jerome]].<ref name="authority" /> The foundational text of the Books of Tobit and Judith is from manuscripts of the ''[[Vetus Latina]]'', rather than the Vulgate. The New Testament was based on the 1969 edition of the [[Stuttgart Vulgate]], and hence on the [[Oxford Vulgate]]. All of these base texts were revised to accord with the modern critical editions in Greek, Hebrew, and Aramaic.<ref name="vulgata_praenotanda_lt">{{cite web|url=https://www.vatican.va/archive/bible/nova_vulgata/documents/nova-vulgata_praenotanda_lt.html|title=Praenotanda (Bibliorum Sacrorum nova vulgata editio)|website=vatican.va|language=la|access-date=2015-06-04|archive-date=21 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200321203052/http://www.vatican.va/archive/bible/nova_vulgata/documents/nova-vulgata_praenotanda_lt.html|url-status=live}}</ref> A number of changes were also made where modern scholars felt that Jerome had failed to grasp the meaning of the original languages, or had rendered it obscurely.<ref name="praefatio">{{cite web|url=https://www.vatican.va/archive/bible/nova_vulgata/documents/nova-vulgata_praefatio_lt.html|language=la|title=Praefatio ad Lectorem (Bibliorum Sacrorum nova vulgata editio)|website=vatican.va|access-date=2015-06-04|archive-date=11 August 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220811203825/https://www.vatican.va/archive/bible/nova_vulgata/documents/nova-vulgata_praefatio_lt.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
 == First publication ==
-The NV was first published in different [[Serial (literature)|fascicles]] between 1969 and 1977.<ref name=":2">{{Cite book|last=Fitzmyer|first=Joseph A.|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=F5E2jp3pDBEC&dq=Nova+Vulgata+Prayer+of+Manasses&pg=PA52|title=An Introductory Bibliography for the Study of Scripture|date=1990|publisher=Editrice [[Pontifico Istituto Biblico]]|isbn=978-88-7653-592-5|edition=3rd|pages=52|language=en|chapter=Chapter VI - Ancient Versions|orig-year=1961}}</ref>
+The NV was first published in different [[Serial (literature)|fascicles]] between 1969 and 1977.<ref name=":2">{{Cite book|last=Fitzmyer|first=Joseph A.|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=F5E2jp3pDBEC&dq=Nova+Vulgata+Prayer+of+Manasses&pg=PA52|title=An Introductory Bibliography for the Study of Scripture|date=1990|publisher=Editrice [[Pontifico Istituto Biblico]]|isbn=978-88-7653-592-5|edition=3rd|pages=52|language=en|chapter=Chapter VI - Ancient Versions|orig-year=1961|access-date=3 December 2021|archive-date=5 December 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211205101926/https://books.google.com/books?id=F5E2jp3pDBEC&dq=Nova+Vulgata+Prayer+of+Manasses&pg=PA52|url-status=live}}</ref>
 ==Promulgation and publication==
-In 1979, after decades of preparation, the ''Nova Vulgata'' was published, and was made the official Latin version of the Bible of the Catholic Church in the [[apostolic constitution]] ''[[Scripturarum thesaurus]]'', [[Promulgation (Catholic canon law)|promulgated]] by Pope [[John Paul II]] on April 25, 1979.<ref name="scripturarum" /><ref>{{Cite book|last=Houghton|first=H. A. G.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CXQqCwAAQBAJ&q=sixtine+vulgate&pg=PA132|title=The Latin New Testament: A Guide to Its Early History, Texts, and Manuscripts|date=2016|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-874473-3|pages=132–133|language=en}}</ref> The ''NV'' was published the same year.<ref name=":2" />
+In 1979, after decades of preparation, the ''Nova Vulgata'' was published, and was made the official Latin version of the Bible of the Catholic Church in the [[apostolic constitution]] ''[[Scripturarum thesaurus]]'', [[Promulgation (Catholic canon law)|promulgated]] by [[Pope John Paul II]] on April 25, 1979.<ref name="scripturarum">{{cite web|title=Scripturarum Thesarurus, Apostolic Constitution, 25 April 1979, John Paul II|url=https://www.vatican.va/holy_father/john_paul_ii/apost_constitutions/documents/hf_jp-ii_apc_19790425_scripturarum-thesaurus_en.html|publisher=Vatican: The Holy See|access-date=19 December 2013|archive-date=2 March 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130302225918/http://www.vatican.va/holy_father/john_paul_ii/apost_constitutions/documents/hf_jp-ii_apc_19790425_scripturarum-thesaurus_en.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Houghton|first=H. A. G.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CXQqCwAAQBAJ&q=sixtine+vulgate&pg=PA132|title=The Latin New Testament: A Guide to Its Early History, Texts, and Manuscripts|date=2016|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-874473-3|pages=132–133|language=en}}</ref> The ''NV'' was published the same year.<ref name=":2" />
-A second edition, published in 1986, added a Preface to the reader,<ref name=praefatio/> an Introduction to the principles used in producing the ''Nova Vulgata'',<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.vatican.va/archive/bible/nova_vulgata/documents/nova-vulgata_praenotanda_lt.html|title=Nova Vulgata : Praenotanda|language=la|access-date=2015-06-04}}</ref> and an appendix containing three historical documents from the [[Council of Trent]] and the [[Clementine Vulgate]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.vatican.va/archive/bible/nova_vulgata/documents/nova-vulgata_appendix_lt.html|language=la|title=Appendix|website=vatican.va|access-date=2015-06-04}}</ref>
+A second edition, published in 1986, added a Preface to the reader,<ref name=praefatio/> an Introduction to the principles used in producing the ''Nova Vulgata'',<ref name="vulgata_praenotanda_lt"/> and an appendix containing three historical documents from the [[Council of Trent]] and the [[Clementine Vulgate]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.vatican.va/archive/bible/nova_vulgata/documents/nova-vulgata_appendix_lt.html|language=la|title=Appendix|website=vatican.va|access-date=2015-06-04|archive-date=21 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200321203037/http://www.vatican.va/archive/bible/nova_vulgata/documents/nova-vulgata_appendix_lt.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
+=={{lang|la|Liturgiam authenticam}}==
-==''Liturgia authentica''==
-{{main|Liturgiam authenticam}}
+{{main|Liturgiam authenticam{{!}}''Liturgiam authenticam''}}
-In 2001, the [[Congregation for Divine Worship and the Discipline of the Sacraments]] released the instruction ''[[Liturgiam authenticam|Liturgica Authentica]]''. This text stated the ''Nova Vulgata'' was "the point of reference as regards the [[Biblical canon|delineation of the canonical text]]". Concerning the translation of [[Liturgical text|liturgical texts]], the instruction states:
+In 2001, the [[Congregation for Divine Worship and the Discipline of the Sacraments]] released the instruction ''[[Liturgiam authenticam]]''. This text stated the ''Nova Vulgata'' was "the point of reference as regards the [[Biblical canon|delineation of the canonical text]]". Concerning the translation of [[Liturgical text|liturgical texts]], the instruction states:
-{{quote|Furthermore, in the preparation of these translations for liturgical use, the ''Nova Vulgata'' ''Editio'', promulgated by the Apostolic See, is normally to be consulted as an auxiliary tool, in a manner described elsewhere in this Instruction, in order to maintain the tradition of interpretation that is proper to the Latin Liturgy. [...] [I]t is advantageous to be guided by the ''Nova Vulgata'' wherever there is a need to choose, from among various possibilities [of translation], that one which is most suited for expressing the manner in which a text has traditionally been read and received within the [[Latin liturgical rites|Latin liturgical tradition]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.vatican.va/roman_curia/congregations/ccdds/documents/rc_con_ccdds_doc_20010507_liturgiam-authenticam_en.html|title=Liturgiam authenticam|website=vatican.va|access-date=2015-06-04}}</ref>|author=|title=|source=}} This recommendation is qualified, however: the instruction specifies that translations should not be made from the ''Nova Vulgata'', but rather "must be made directly from the original texts, namely the Latin, as regards the [[Liturgical book|texts of ecclesiastical composition]], or the Hebrew, Aramaic, or Greek, as the case may be, as regards the texts of [[Bible|Sacred Scripture]]". The instruction does not recommend translation of the Bible, or of the liturgy, based solely upon the Latin ''Nova Vulgata''; the ''NV'' must instead simply be used as an "auxiliary tool".<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Estévez|first=Jorge A. Medina|author-link=Jorge Medina|date=Nov–Dec 2001|title=Translations and the Consultation of the Nova Vulgata of the Latin Church|url=http://www.bible-researcher.com/liturgiam-authenticam3.html|journal=[[Notitiae]]|volume=37|access-date=2019-09-24|via=bible-researcher.com}}</ref>
+{{quote|Furthermore, in the preparation of these translations for liturgical use, the ''Nova Vulgata'' ''Editio'', promulgated by the Apostolic See, is normally to be consulted as an auxiliary tool, in a manner described elsewhere in this Instruction, in order to maintain the tradition of interpretation that is proper to the Latin Liturgy. [...] [I]t is advantageous to be guided by the ''Nova Vulgata'' wherever there is a need to choose, from among various possibilities [of translation], that one which is most suited for expressing the manner in which a text has traditionally been read and received within the [[Latin liturgical rites|Latin liturgical tradition]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.vatican.va/roman_curia/congregations/ccdds/documents/rc_con_ccdds_doc_20010507_liturgiam-authenticam_en.html|title=Liturgiam authenticam|website=vatican.va|access-date=2015-06-04|archive-date=18 January 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120118125820/https://www.vatican.va/roman_curia/congregations/ccdds/documents/rc_con_ccdds_doc_20010507_liturgiam-authenticam_en.html|url-status=live}}</ref>|author=|title=|source=}} This recommendation is qualified, however: the instruction specifies that translations should not be made from the ''Nova Vulgata'', but rather "must be made directly from the original texts, namely the Latin, as regards the [[Liturgical book|texts of ecclesiastical composition]], or the Hebrew, Aramaic, or Greek, as the case may be, as regards the texts of [[Bible|Sacred Scripture]]". The instruction does not recommend translation of the Bible, or of the liturgy, based solely upon the Latin ''Nova Vulgata''; the ''NV'' must instead simply be used as an "auxiliary tool".<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Estévez|first=Jorge A. Medina|author-link=Jorge Medina (cardinal)|date=Nov–Dec 2001|title=Translations and the Consultation of the Nova Vulgata of the Latin Church|url=http://www.bible-researcher.com/liturgiam-authenticam3.html|journal=[[Notitiae]]|volume=37|access-date=2019-09-24|via=bible-researcher.com|archive-date=22 September 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190922071329/http://www.bible-researcher.com/liturgiam-authenticam3.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
-When translating the [[Tetragrammaton]], ''[[Liturgiam authenticam]]'' says that "[i]n accordance with immemorial tradition, which indeed is already evident in the above-mentioned [[Septuagint]] version, the name of almighty God expressed by the Hebrew tetragrammaton and rendered in [[Latin]] by the word [[wiktionary:Dominus|Dominus]], is to be rendered into any given vernacular by a word equivalent in meaning."<ref>{{Cite web|title=Modern Catholic Views on the Use of the Tetragrammaton|url=http://www.bible-researcher.com/dominus.html|access-date=2019-08-25|website=www.bible-researcher.com}}</ref>
+When translating the [[Tetragrammaton]], ''[[Liturgiam authenticam]]'' says that "[i]n accordance with immemorial tradition, which indeed is already evident in the above-mentioned [[Septuagint]] version, the name of almighty God expressed by the Hebrew tetragrammaton and rendered in [[Latin]] by the word [[wiktionary:Dominus|Dominus]], is to be rendered into any given vernacular by a word equivalent in meaning."<ref>{{Cite web|title=Modern Catholic Views on the Use of the Tetragrammaton|url=http://www.bible-researcher.com/dominus.html|access-date=2019-08-25|website=www.bible-researcher.com|archive-date=1 April 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230401164437/https://www.bible-researcher.com/dominus.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
 == Textual characteristics ==
 Most of the approximately 2,000 changes made by the ''Nova Vulgata'' to the [[Stuttgart Vulgate]] text of Jerome's version of the Gospels are minor and stylistic in nature.<ref name="houghton">{{Cite book|last=Houghton|first=H. A. G.|title=The Latin New Testament: A Guide to Its Early History, Texts, and Manuscripts|date=2016|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=9780198744733|pages=133|language=en|chapter=Editions and Resources|quote=There are approximately 2,000 differences between the ''Nova Vulgata'' and the critical text of Jerome's revision of the Gospels in the Stuttgart Vulgate, most of which are very minor. Following the appearance of the ''Nova Vulgata'', Nestle's ''Novum Testamentum Latine'' was revised by Kurt and Barbara Aland: the Clementine text was replaced with the ''Nova Vulgata'' and an [[Critical apparatus|apparatus]] added showing differences from eleven other editions, including the [[Stuttgart Vulgate|Stuttgart]], [[Oxford Vulgate|Oxford]], [[Sixtine Vulgate|Sixtine]], and [[Clementine Vulgate|Clementine]] Vulgates; the first edition of 1984 was followed by a second edition in 1992. The ''Nova Vulgata'' is also the Latin text in the Alands' bilingual edition, ''Novum Testamentum Graece et Latine''.|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CXQqCwAAQBAJ&q=sixtine+vulgate&pg=PA132}}</ref><ref name=":7">{{Cite book|title=The Text of the New Testament|url=https://archive.org/details/textnewtestament00kurt|url-access=limited|last1=Aland|first1=Kurt|last2=Aland|first2=Barbara|publisher=[[William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company]]|year=1995|isbn=978-0-8028-4098-1|edition=2nd|location=Grand Rapids|pages=[https://archive.org/details/textnewtestament00kurt/page/n212 190]|translator-last=F. Rhodes|translator-first=Erroll|chapter=The Latin versions|author-link=Kurt Aland|author-link2=Barbara Aland}}</ref>
-In addition, in the [[New Testament]] the ''Nova Vulgata'' introduced corrections to align the Latin with the Greek text in order to represent Jerome's text, as well as its Greek base, accurately. This alignment had not been achieved earlier, either in the [[Sixtine Vulgate|edition of 1590]] or in the [[Sixto-Clementine Vulgate|1592 edition]] of the Vulgate.<ref name=":7">{{Cite book|title=The Text of the New Testament|url=https://archive.org/details/textnewtestament00kurt|url-access=limited|last1=Aland|first1=Kurt|last2=Aland|first2=Barbara|publisher=[[William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company]]|year=1995|isbn=978-0-8028-4098-1|edition=2nd|location=Grand Rapids|pages=[https://archive.org/details/textnewtestament00kurt/page/n212 190]|translator-last=F. Rhodes|translator-first=Erroll|chapter=The Latin versions|author-link=Kurt Aland|author-link2=Barbara Aland}}</ref>
+In addition, in the [[New Testament]] the ''Nova Vulgata'' introduced corrections to align the Latin with the Greek text in order to represent Jerome's text, as well as its Greek base, accurately. This alignment had not been achieved earlier, either in the [[Sixtine Vulgate|edition of 1590]] or in the [[Sixto-Clementine Vulgate|1592 edition]] of the Vulgate.<ref name=":7"/>
-The ''NV'' only contains the [[Catholic Bible|Biblical canon of the Catholic Church]], and not other [[pseudepigraphical]] books "often associated with the Vulgate tradition."<ref name=":2" />
+The ''NV'' contains only the [[Catholic Bible|Biblical canon of the Catholic Church]], and not other [[pseudepigraphical]] books "often associated with the Vulgate tradition."<ref name=":2" />
 ==Use of the ''Nova Vulgata''==
 William Griffin used the ''Nova Vulgata'' for his Latin-to-English translation of the Books of [[Book of Tobit|Tobit]], [[Book of Judith|Judith]], [[1 Maccabees|1]] and [[2 Maccabees]], [[Book of Baruch|Baruch]], [[Book of Wisdom|Wisdom]], [[Sirach]], and the [[additions to Esther]] and [[Additions to Daniel|to Daniel]] for the Catholic/Ecumenical Edition of [[The Message Bible|''The Message'' Bible]].<ref name=":0" />
-The ''Nova Vulgata'' provides the Latin text of [[Kurt Aland|Kurt]] and [[Barbara Aland]]'s bilingual ''Novum Testamentum Graece et Latine'';<ref name="houghton" /> the latter was first released in 1984.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Schlosser|first=Jacques|date=1985|title=Novum Testamentum Graece et Latine (Nestle-Aland), 1984|url=https://www.persee.fr/doc/rscir_0035-2217_1985_num_59_1_3028_t1_0065_0000_1|journal=Revue des Sciences Religieuses|volume=59|issue=1|pages=65}}</ref> Since the Alands' 1984 revision of the ''Novum Testamentum Latine'', that version has also used the ''Nova Vulgata'' as its reference text.<ref name="houghton" />
+The ''Nova Vulgata'' provides the Latin text of [[Kurt Aland|Kurt]] and [[Barbara Aland]]'s bilingual ''Novum Testamentum Graece et Latine'';<ref name="houghton" /> the latter was first released in 1984.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Schlosser|first=Jacques|date=1985|title=Novum Testamentum Graece et Latine (Nestle-Aland), 1984|url=https://www.persee.fr/doc/rscir_0035-2217_1985_num_59_1_3028_t1_0065_0000_1|journal=Revue des Sciences Religieuses|volume=59|issue=1|pages=65|access-date=22 January 2020|archive-date=24 May 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220524191034/https://www.persee.fr/doc/rscir_0035-2217_1985_num_59_1_3028_t1_0065_0000_1|url-status=live}}</ref> Also, since the Alands' 1984 revision of the ''Novum Testamentum Latine'', the ''Novum Testamentum Latine'' has also used the ''Nova Vulgata'' as its reference text.<ref name="houghton" />
-==Criticism==
-The ''Nova Vulgata'' has been criticized as deviating frequently from the [[Vulgate manuscripts|Vulgate manuscript]] tradition; the ''NV'' New Testament was criticized for being a Latin translation of the [[Nestle-Aland]] rather than a collation of Vulgate manuscripts.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.sacredbible.org/articles/Matthew-Latin3-commentary.htm|title=Problems with the Nova Vulgata in the Gospel of Matthew|website=www.sacredbible.org|access-date=2019-08-24}}</ref> According to [[Protestantism|Protestant]] university professor Benno Zuiddam,<ref>{{Cite web|title=About|url=http://www.bennozuiddam.com/about/|website=bennozuiddam.com|language=en|access-date=2019-08-24}}</ref> many of the ''NV''{{'}}s New Testament readings are not found in any Latin [[Biblical manuscript|manuscripts]], meaning that the ''NV'' diverges from [[Jerome]]'s translation. Zuiddam has called the ''NV'' "an imaginary text of Scripture on the authority of scholarship, based on a handful of manuscripts that run contrary to the textual traditions of both the [[Eastern Christianity|Eastern]] and the [[Western Christianity|Western Church]]".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://zuiddam.wordpress.com/2017/05/26/silent-bible-revolution-in-the-vatican/|title=Silent Bible Revolution in the Vatican|date=2017-05-26|website=Zuiddam|language=en|access-date=2019-08-24}}</ref>
-Some [[Traditionalist Catholics]] object to the ''Nova Vulgata'' because, in their view, it lacks Latin manuscript support and breaks with the historical tradition of worship in the Church.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://akacatholic.com/new-liturgical-translation-revival-of-old-heresies/|title=New liturgical translations… revival of old heresies… Nothing new for the Novus Ordo…|website=AKA Catholic|language=en-US|access-date=2019-08-24}}</ref>
 ==See also==
 * [[Benedictine Vulgate]]
-* [[Douay Rheims Bible]]
+* [[Douay–Rheims Bible]]
 * ''[[Divino afflante Spiritu]]''
 ==References==
 {{reflist}}
-==External links==
-* ''[http://www.vatican.va/archive/bible/nova_vulgata/documents/nova-vulgata_index_lt.html Nova Vulgata Bibliorum Sacrorum Editio]''
 ==Further reading==
@@ Line 81: / Line 60: @@
 *{{Cite journal|last=Dy|first=Oliver G.|date=2016|title=The Latin Vulgate as an 'Auxiliary Tool' of Translation: Historical Perspectives on ''Liturgiam Authenticam''|url=https://poj.peeters-leuven.be/content.php?id=3197403&url=article|journal=Studies in Liturgy|volume=97|issue=3–4|pages=141–170|doi=10.2143/QL.97.3.3197403}}
 *{{Cite journal|last=Zilverberg|first=Kevin|date=2017|editor-last=Briody|editor-first=Joseph|title=The Neo-Vulgate as Official Liturgical Translation|url=https://www.academia.edu/33939780|journal=Verbum Domini: Liturgy and Scripture - Proceedings of the Ninth Fota International Liturgical Conference, 2016|language=en|publisher=SMENOS|volume=|pages=93–125|via=}}
-{{Books of the Bible}}{{Catholicism}}{{History of the Catholic Church}}{{Latin Church footer}}{{Translation navbox}}
+== External links ==
+* ''[http://www.vatican.va/archive/bible/nova_vulgata/documents/nova-vulgata_index_lt.html Nova Vulgata Bibliorum Sacrorum Editio]''
+{{Books of the Bible}}
+{{Catholicism}}
+{{History of the Catholic Church}}
+{{Latin Church footer}}
+[[Category:1979 non-fiction books]]
+[[Category:1979 in Christianity]]
+[[Category:20th-century Christian texts]]
+[[Category:20th-century books in Latin]]
 [[Category:Editions of the Vulgate]]
-[[Category:20th-century Latin books]]
 [[Category:Catholic bibles]]
 [[Category:Documents of Pope John Paul II]]
 [[Category:20th-century Catholicism]]
-[[Category:1979 books]]