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Eparchy (Greek: ἐπαρχία eparchía "overlordship") is an ecclesiastical unit in Eastern Christianity that is equivalent to a diocese in Western Christianity. An eparchy is governed by an eparch, who is a bishop. Depending on the administrative structure of a specific Eastern Church, an eparchy can belong to an ecclesiastical province (usually a metropolis), but it can also be exempt. Each eparchy is divided into parishes, in the same manner as a diocese in Western Churches. Historical development of eparchies in various Eastern Churches was marked by local distinctions that can be observed in modern ecclesiastical practices of the Eastern Orthodox Church, Oriental Orthodox Churches and Eastern Catholic Churches.^[1]

Terminology

The English word eparchy is an anglicized term that comes from the original Greek word (Koinē Greek: ἐπαρχία, romanized: eparchía, lit. 'overlordship', Byzantine Greek pronunciation: [e.parˈçi.a]).^[2] It is an abstract noun, formed with an intensive prefix (ἐπι-, epi-, lit. 'over-' + ἄρχειν, árchein, lit. 'to be ruler'). It is commonly Latinized as eparchia. The term can be loosely translated as the rule over something (literally: an overlordship). The term had various meanings and multiple uses throughout history, mainly in politics and administration, starting from the Hellenistic period, and continuing throughout the Roman era.^[3]^[4]

In the Greco-Roman world, it was used as a Greek equivalent for the Latin term provincia, denoting province, the main administrative unit of the Roman Empire. The same use was employed in the early Byzantine Empire until major administrative reforms that were undertaken between the 7th and 9th centuries, abolishing the old provincial system. In modern times, the term was also employed within administrative systems of some countries, like Greece and Cyprus.^[5]

Since it was commonly used as the main Greek designation for an administrative province of the Roman Empire, the term eparchy consequently gained an additional use among Greek-speaking Christians, denoting ecclesiastical structures on the provincial level of Church administration, within Eastern Christianity. Such terminological borrowing resulted from the final consolidation of the provincial (metropolitan) system in the 4th century. The First Ecumenical Council (325) confirmed (Canon IV)^[6] that all bishops of each civil province should be grouped in one ecclesiastical province, headed by a metropolitan (bishop of the provincial capital). Since civil provinces were called eparchies in Greek, the same term was used to define ecclesiastical provinces. Such use became customary, and metropolitan provinces came to be known as eparchies.^[7]^[8]^[9]

Eastern Orthodox Church

Eparchies of the Russian Orthodox Church

Throughout the late antiquity and the early medieval period, within Eastern Orthodox terminology, the term eparchy remained a common designation for a metropolitan province i.e. metropolis (Greek: μητρόπολις, Latin: metropolis).

During the later medieval period, terminology started to shift, particularly within the Patriarchate of Constantinople. The process of title-inflation that was affecting Byzantine bureaucracy and aristocracy also gained momentum in ecclesiastical circles. In order to promote centralization, patriarchal authorities started to multiply the numbers of metropolitans by elevating local bishops to honorary metropolitan ranks without giving them any real metropolitan powers, and making them directly appointed and thus more dependent on Constantinople. As a consequence, the use of the word eparchy was expanded to include not only proper metropolitan provinces, but also the newly created honorary metropolitan sees that were no real provinces, and thus no different then simple bishoprics except in honorary titles and ranks. In spite of that, such honorary metropolitan sees also came to be called eparchies. This process was systematically promoted, thus resulting in a major terminological shift.^[10]

Since the fragmentation of the original metropolitan provinces into several titular metropolises that were also referred to as eparchies, the Patriarchate of Constantinople became more centralized, and such structure has remained up to the present day.^[11] Similar ecclesiastical terminology is also employed by other autocephalous and autonomous churches within Eastern Orthodox community. In those who are non-Greek, term eparchy is used in local variants, and also has various equivalents in local languages.

Eparchies of the main Eastern Orthodox churches:

Eastern Catholic Churches

In the Eastern Catholic Churches, eparchy is equivalent to a diocese of the Latin Church, and its bishop can be called an eparch (equivalent to a diocesan of the Latin Church). At the same time, archeparchy is equivalent to an archdiocese of the Latin Church and its bishop can be called an archeparch (equivalent to an archbishop of the Roman Rite).^[1]

Individual eparchies of some Eastern Catholic Churches may be suffragan to Latin Church metropolitans. For example, the Greek Catholic Eparchy of Križevci is suffragan to the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Zagreb.^[12] Also, some minor Eastern Catholic churches have Latin prelates. For example, the Macedonian Greek Catholic Church is organized as a single Eparchy of Strumica-Skopje, whose present ordinary is the Roman Catholic bishop of Skopje.^[13]

References

^ ^a ^b Nedungatt 2002, p. 228.
^ Stevenson 2010, p. 588.
^ Vitale 2012.
^ Vitale 2016, p. 82-111.
^ Mason 1974, p. 81, 84-86, 138-139.
^ First Ecumenical Council (325): Canon IV
^ Meyendorff 1989, p. 55.
^ Cross & Livingstone 2005, p. 552.
^ Ohme 2012, p. 37.
^ Meyendorff 1989.
^ Eparchies of the Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople (Επαρχίες Οικουμενικού Θρόνου)
^ David M. Cheney. "Diocese of Križevci". Catholic Hierarchy. Retrieved 2018-04-16.
^ David M. Cheney. "Eparchy of Beata Maria Vergine Assunta in Strumica-Skopje". Catholic Hierarchy. Retrieved 2019-04-24.

Sources

Cross, Frank L.; Livingstone, Elizabeth A., eds. (2005) [1957]. The Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church (3rd rev. ed.). Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-280290-3.
Kiminas, Demetrius (2009). The Ecumenical Patriarchate: A History of Its Metropolitanates with Annotated Hierarch Catalogs. Wildside Press LLC. ISBN 9781434458766.
Mason, Hugh J. (1974). Greek Terms for Roman Institutions: A Lexicon and Analysis. Toronto: Hakkert. ISBN 9780888660138.
Meyendorff, John (1989). Imperial unity and Christian divisions: The Church 450-680 A.D. Crestwood, NY: St. Vladimir's Seminary Press. ISBN 9780881410563.
Nedungatt, George, ed. (2002). A Guide to the Eastern Code: A Commentary on the Code of Canons of the Eastern Churches. Rome: Oriental Institute Press. ISBN 9788872103364.
Ohme, Heinz (2012). "Sources of the Greek Canon Law to the Quinisext Council (691/2): Councils and Church Fathers". The History of Byzantine and Eastern Canon Law to 1500. Washington: CUA Press. pp. 24–114. ISBN 9780813216799.
Ostrogorsky, George (1956). History of the Byzantine State. Oxford: Basil Blackwell.
Stevenson, Angus, ed. (2010) [1998]. Oxford Dictionary of English (3rd ed.). Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-957112-3.
Vitale, Marco (2012). Eparchie und Koinon in Kleinasien von der ausgehenden Republik bis ins 3. Jh. n. Chr. Bonn: Dr. Rudolf Habelt Verlag. ISBN 9783774937390.
Vitale, Marco (2016). "Priest—Eparchy-arch—Speaker of the Ethnos: The Areas of Responsibility of the Highest Officials of the Eastern Provincial Imperial Cult". Mnemosyne. 69 (1): 82–111. doi:10.1163/1568525X-12341727.

External links

The dictionary definition of eparchy at Wiktionary
Catholic Encyclopedia (1909): Adrian Fortescue: Eparchy
Map with all Dioceses of the Eastern Churches

[FOOTNOTENedungatt2002228-1] Nedungatt 2002, p. 228.

[FOOTNOTEStevenson2010588-2] Stevenson 2010, p. 588.

[FOOTNOTEVitale2012-3] Vitale 2012.

[FOOTNOTEVitale201682-111-4] Vitale 2016, p. 82-111.

[FOOTNOTEMason197481,_84-86,_138-139-5] Mason 1974, p. 81, 84-86, 138-139.

[6] First Ecumenical Council (325): Canon IV

[FOOTNOTEMeyendorff198955-7] Meyendorff 1989, p. 55.

[FOOTNOTECrossLivingstone2005552-8] Cross & Livingstone 2005, p. 552.

[FOOTNOTEOhme201237-9] Ohme 2012, p. 37.

[FOOTNOTEMeyendorff1989-10] Meyendorff 1989.

[11] Eparchies of the Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople (Επαρχίες Οικουμενικού Θρόνου)

[12] David M. Cheney. "Diocese of Križevci". Catholic Hierarchy. Retrieved 2018-04-16.

[13] David M. Cheney. "Eparchy of Beata Maria Vergine Assunta in Strumica-Skopje". Catholic Hierarchy. Retrieved 2019-04-24.

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

[7]

[8]

[9]

[10]

[11]

[12]

[13]

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
+{{Short description|Diocese in Eastern Christianity}}
-{{No footnotes|date=June 2015}}
+{{other uses|Eparchy (disambiguation)}}
-'''Eparchy''' is an [[anglicize]]d [[Greek language|Greek]] word ({{lang|grc|[[Wiktionary:ἐπαρχία|ἐπαρχία]]}}), authentically [[Latinization (literature)|Latinized]] as '''''eparchia''''', which can be loosely translated as the rule or [[jurisdiction]] over something, such as a province, prefecture, or territory.  It has specific meanings both in politics, history and in the hierarchy of the [[Eastern Churches|Eastern Christian]] churches.
+'''Eparchy''' ({{lang-gr|ἐπαρχία}} ''eparchía'' "overlordship") is an [[Ecclesiology|ecclesiastical]] unit in [[Eastern Christianity]] that is equivalent to a [[diocese]] in [[Western Christianity]]. An eparchy is governed by an ''eparch'', who is a [[bishop]]. Depending on the administrative structure of a specific Eastern Church, an eparchy can belong to an [[ecclesiastical province]] (usually a [[Metropolis (religious jurisdiction)|metropolis]]), but it can also be exempt. Each eparchy is divided into [[parish]]es, in the same manner as a diocese in Western Churches. Historical development of eparchies in various Eastern Churches was marked by local distinctions that can be observed in modern ecclesiastical practices of the [[Eastern Orthodox Church]], [[Oriental Orthodox Churches]] and [[Eastern Catholic Churches]].{{sfn|Nedungatt|2002|p=228}}
-'''In secular use''', the word eparchy denotes an administrative district in the [[Roman Empire|Roman]] / [[Byzantine Empire]], or in modern [[Greece]] or [[Cyprus]].
+==Terminology==
-'''In ecclesiastical use''', an eparchy is a territorial [[diocese]] governed by a [[bishop]] of one of the [[Eastern Christianity|Eastern churches]], who holds the title of eparch. It is part of a [[Metropolis (religious jurisdiction)|metropolis]].  Each eparchy is divided into parishes in the same manner as a diocese of western Christendom.  In the Catholic Church, an archieparchy equivalent to an [[archdiocese]] of the Roman Rite and its bishop is an archieparch, equivalent to an archbishop of the Roman Rite.
+The [[English language|English]] word ''eparchy'' is an [[anglicize]]d term that comes from the original [[Greek language|Greek]] word ({{lang-grc-koi|{{Wikt-lang|grc|ἐπαρχία}}|eparchía|overlordship}}, {{IPA|grc-x-byzant|e.parˈçi.a|link=yes}}).{{sfn|Stevenson|2010|p=588}} It is an [[Noun#Concrete nouns and abstract nouns|abstract noun]], formed with an [[intensive word form|intensive]] [[prefix]] ({{Wikt-lang|grc|ἐπι-}}, {{transliteration|grc|epi-}}, {{lit.|over-}} + {{Wikt-lang|grc|ἄρχω|ἄρχειν}}, {{transliteration|grc|árchein}}, {{lit.|to be ruler}}). It is commonly [[Latinization (literature)|Latinized]] as ''eparchia''. The term can be loosely translated as the rule over something (literally: an overlordship). The term had various meanings and multiple uses throughout history, mainly in politics and administration, starting from the [[Hellenistic period]], and continuing throughout the [[Roman era]].{{sfn|Vitale|2012|p=}}{{sfn|Vitale|2016|p=82-111}}
+In the [[Greco-Roman world]], it was used as a Greek equivalent for the [[Latin language|Latin]] term ''provincia'', denoting [[Eparchy (Roman province)|province]], the main administrative unit of the [[Roman Empire]]. The [[Eparchy (Byzantine province)|same use]] was employed in the early [[Byzantine Empire]] until major administrative reforms that were undertaken between the 7th and 9th centuries, abolishing the old provincial system. In modern times, the term was also employed within administrative systems of some countries, like [[Eparchy (modern Greece)|Greece]] and [[Eparchy (modern Cyprus)|Cyprus]].{{sfn|Mason|1974|p=81, 84-86, 138-139}}
-==Secular jurisdictions==
-=== Imperial Roman administration ===
-{{see|Roman province}}
-Originally '''eparchy''' (ἐπαρχίᾱ, ''eparchia'') was the Greek equivalent of the Latin term ''[[provincia]]'', one of the districts of the [[Roman Empire]]. As such it was used, chiefly in the eastern parts of the Empire, to designate the [[Roman province]]s. The term '''eparch''' ({{lang-el|{{lang|grc|ἔπαρχος}}}}, ''eparchos'') however, designating an eparchy's governor, was most usually used to refer to the [[praetorian prefect]]s (singular in Greek: {{lang|grc|ἔπαρχος τοῦ πραιτωρίου}}, "eparch of the praetorium") in charge of the Empire's [[praetorian prefecture]]s, and to the [[Eparch of Constantinople]], the city's urban prefect.
+Since it was commonly used as the main Greek designation for an administrative province of the Roman Empire, the term ''eparchy'' consequently gained an additional use among Greek-speaking [[Christians]], denoting [[Ecclesiology|ecclesiastical]] structures on the provincial level of Church administration, within [[Eastern Christianity]]. Such terminological borrowing resulted from the final consolidation of the provincial (metropolitan) system in the 4th century. The [[First Ecumenical Council]] (325) confirmed (Canon IV)<ref>[https://www.ccel.org/ccel/schaff/npnf214.vii.vi.v.html First Ecumenical Council (325): Canon IV]</ref> that all bishops of each civil province should be grouped in one [[ecclesiastical province]], headed by a [[metropolitan bishop|metropolitan]] (bishop of the provincial capital). Since civil provinces were called eparchies in Greek, the same term was used to define ecclesiastical provinces. Such use became customary, and metropolitan provinces came to be known as ''eparchies''.{{sfn|Meyendorff|1989|p=55}}{{sfn|Cross|Livingstone|2005|p=552}}{{sfn|Ohme|2012|p=37}}
-====Byzantine administration====
-The [[Dominate]]-period administrative system was retained In the [[Byzantine Empire|Byzantine period]] of the Empire until the 7th century. As Greek became the Empire's main administrative language, replacing Latin, in the latter 6th century even the provinces of the [[Exarchate of Ravenna]], in reconquered [[Italy]], were termed ''eparchiae'' in Greek as well as in Latin.
+==Eastern Orthodox Church==
-In the latter half of the 7th century, the old provincial administration was replaced by the [[Theme (Byzantine district)|thematic system]]. Even after that however, the term ''eparchos'' remained in use until the 840s for the senior administrative official of each ''thema'', under the governing ''[[strategos]]''. Thereafter, eparchs are evident in some cases as city governors, but the most important by far amongst them was the [[Eparch of Constantinople]], whose office had wide-ranging powers and functioned continuously until the 13th century.
+[[File:EparhiiRPC-english.svg|265px|thumb|right|Eparchies of the [[Russian Orthodox Church]]]]
+[[File:Map of Eparchies of Serbian Orthodox Church-en.svg|265px|thumb|right|Eparchies of the [[Serbian Orthodox Church]]]]
+Throughout the late antiquity and the early medieval period, within [[Eastern Orthodox]] terminology, the term ''eparchy'' remained a common designation for a metropolitan province [[i.e.]] ''metropolis'' ({{lang-gr|μητρόπολις}}, {{lang-la|metropolis}}).
-===Modern Greece and Cyprus===
-{{details|Provinces of Greece}}
-The term ''eparchia'' was revived as one of the administrative sub-provincial units of post-[[Ottoman Empire|Ottoman]] independent [[Greece]], the country being divided into [[prefectures of Greece|''nomoi'']] ("Prefectures"), of which in turn some were subdivided into ''eparchies''. From 1887, the ''eparchies'' were abolished as actual administrative units, but were retained for some state services, especially finance services and education, as well as for electoral purposes. Before the [[Second World War]], there were 139 ''eparchies'', and after the war, with the addition of the [[Dodecanese]] Islands, their number grew to 147. The provinces were abolished in the mainland (but retained for the islands), in the wide-ranging administrative reform implemented in 1997 (the "Kapodistrias Project") and replaced by enlarged [[Municipalities and communities of Greece|municipalities]] (''demoi'').
+During the later medieval period, terminology started to shift, particularly within the [[Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople|Patriarchate of Constantinople]]. The process of [[Job title inflation|title-inflation]] that was affecting [[Byzantine bureaucracy and aristocracy]] also gained momentum in ecclesiastical circles. In order to promote centralization, patriarchal authorities started to multiply the numbers of metropolitans by elevating local bishops to honorary metropolitan ranks without giving them any real metropolitan powers, and making them directly appointed and thus more dependent on Constantinople. As a consequence, the use of the word ''eparchy'' was expanded to include not only proper metropolitan provinces, but also the newly created honorary metropolitan sees that were no real provinces, and thus no different then simple bishoprics except in honorary titles and ranks. In spite of that, such honorary metropolitan sees also came to be called ''eparchies''. This process was systematically promoted, thus resulting in a major terminological shift.{{sfn|Meyendorff|1989|p=}}
-In [[Cyprus]], the term ''eparchia'' is used to refer to the [[Districts of Cyprus]].
+[[File:Eparchy of the Bulgarian Orthodox Church EN.png|265px|thumb|right|Eparchies of the [[Bulgarian Orthodox Church]]]]
-==Church hierarchy==<!-- This section is linked from [[Eastern Catholic Churches]] -->
+[[File:Eparchies of the Georgian Apostolic Autocephalous Orthodox Church.svg|265px|thumb|right|Eparchies of the [[Georgian Orthodox Church]]]]
-The [[Christian Church]] (before the split into [[Roman Catholic]] and [[Eastern Orthodox]]) adopted elements of temporal administration as introduced by the reforms of [[Diocletian]] and part of its terminology, as convenient for internal use:
+Since the fragmentation of the original metropolitan provinces into several titular metropolises that were also referred to as ''eparchies'', the Patriarchate of Constantinople became more centralized, and such structure has remained up to the present day.<ref>[https://ec-patr.org/eparxies-oikoymenikoy-thronoy Eparchies of the Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople (Επαρχίες Οικουμενικού Θρόνου)]</ref> Similar ecclesiastical terminology is also employed by other [[Autocephaly (Eastern Orthodoxy)|autocephalous]] and [[Autonomy (Eastern Orthodoxy)|autonomous]] churches within [[Organization of the Eastern Orthodox Church|Eastern Orthodox community]]. In those who are non-Greek, term ''eparchy'' is used in local variants, and also has various equivalents in local languages.
-Notwithstanding the primacies of the [[Apostolic See]]s of [[Pope|Rome]], [[Patriarch of Alexandria|Alexandria]] and [[Patriarch of Antioch|Antioch]], the bishoprics of one civil province were grouped together in church provinces, also called eparchies, under the supervision of the [[metropolitan bishop|metropolitan]], usually the bishop of the provincial capital. The [[First Council of Nicaea]] in 325 accepted this arrangement and orders that: "the authority [of appointing bishops] shall belong to the metropolitan in each eparchy" (can. iv), i.e. in each such civil eparchy there shall be a metropolitan bishop who has authority over the others.
+Eparchies of the main Eastern Orthodox churches:
-Later in Eastern Christendom, after a process of title-inflation, multiplying the numbers of dioceses, metropolitans and (arch)bishops and reducing their territorial size, the use of the word was gradually modified and came to refer to the [[diocese]] of a bishop. This usage is prevalent in the [[Eastern Orthodoxy|Orthodox Communion]], the [[Oriental Orthodoxy|Ancient Oriental Churches]], and the [[Eastern Catholic Churches]].
+* [[Eparchies of the Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople]]
+* [[Eparchies of the Greek Orthodox Patriarchate of Alexandria]]
+* [[Eparchies of the Greek Orthodox Patriarchate of Antiochia]]
+* [[Eparchies of the Greek Orthodox Patriarchate of Jerusalem]]
+* [[Eparchies of the Russian Orthodox Church]]
+* [[Eparchies of the Orthodox Church of Ukraine]]
+* [[Eparchies of the Serbian Orthodox Church]]
+* [[Eparchies of the Romanian Orthodox Church]]
+* [[Eparchies of the Bulgarian Orthodox Church]]
+* [[Eparchies of the Georgian Orthodox Church]]
+* [[Eparchies of the Cypriot Orthodox Church]]
+* [[Eparchies of the Orthodox Church of Greece]]
+* [[Eparchies of the Polish Orthodox Church]]
+* [[Eparchies of the Albanian Orthodox Church]]
+* [[Eparchies of the Czech and Slovak Orthodox Church]]
+==Eastern Catholic Churches==
-The name eparchy is not, however, commonly used as the usual term for a diocese except in the [[Bulgarian Orthodox Church|Bulgarian]], [[Czech and Slovak Orthodox Church|Czechoslovak]], [[Russian Orthodox Church|Russian]], and [[Serbian Orthodox Church|Serbian]] Orthodox Churches. The Russian Orthodox Church in the early 20th century counted 86 eparchies, of which three ([[Kiev]], [[Moscow]], and [[St. Petersburg]]) were ruled by bishops who always bore the title "Metropolitan".
+In the [[Eastern Catholic Churches]], eparchy is equivalent to a [[diocese]] of the [[Latin Church]], and its [[Bishop (Catholic Church)|bishop]] can be called an eparch (equivalent to a diocesan of the Latin Church). At the same time, archeparchy is equivalent to an [[archdiocese]] of the Latin Church and its bishop can be called an archeparch (equivalent to an [[archbishop]] of the Roman Rite).{{sfn|Nedungatt|2002|p=228}}
+Individual eparchies of some Eastern Catholic Churches may be suffragan to Latin Church metropolitans. For example, the [[Greek Catholic Eparchy of Križevci]] is suffragan to the [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Zagreb]].<ref>{{cite web|author=David M. Cheney |url=http://www.catholic-hierarchy.org/diocese/dkrby.html |title=Diocese of Križevci |publisher=Catholic Hierarchy |access-date=2018-04-16}}</ref> Also, some minor Eastern Catholic churches have Latin prelates. For example, the [[Macedonian Greek Catholic Church]] is organized as a single [[Macedonian Catholic Eparchy of the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary in Strumica-Skopje|Eparchy of Strumica-Skopje]], whose present ordinary is the Roman Catholic bishop of Skopje.<ref>{{cite web|author=David M. Cheney |url=http://www.catholic-hierarchy.org/diocese/dssby.html |title=Eparchy of Beata Maria Vergine Assunta in Strumica-Skopje |publisher=Catholic Hierarchy |access-date=2019-04-24}}</ref>
-==Sources and references==
-*{{Catholic}}
+==See also==
-*{{1911}}
+* [[Eparchy (Roman province)]]
-*[[Pauly-Wissowa]]
+* [[Eparchy (Byzantine province)]]
+* [[Eparchy (modern Greece)]]
+* [[Eparchy (modern Cyprus)]]
+==References==
+{{Reflist|2}}
+==Sources==
+{{refbegin|2}}
+* {{Cite book|editor-last1=Cross|editor-first1=Frank L.|editor-last2=Livingstone|editor-first2=Elizabeth A.|title=The Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church|year=2005|orig-year=1957|edition=3rd rev.|location=Oxford|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-280290-3 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fUqcAQAAQBAJ}}
+* {{Cite book|last=Kiminas|first=Demetrius|title=The Ecumenical Patriarchate: A History of Its Metropolitanates with Annotated Hierarch Catalogs|year=2009|publisher=Wildside Press LLC|isbn=9781434458766 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QLWqXrW2X-8C}}
+* {{Cite book|last=Mason|first=Hugh J.|title=Greek Terms for Roman Institutions: A Lexicon and Analysis|year=1974|location=Toronto|publisher=Hakkert|isbn=9780888660138 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=k2QPAQAAMAAJ}}
+* {{Cite book|last=Meyendorff|first=John|author-link=John Meyendorff|year=1989|title=Imperial unity and Christian divisions: The Church 450-680 A.D.|location=Crestwood, NY|publisher=St. Vladimir's Seminary Press|isbn=9780881410563 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6J_YAAAAMAAJ}}
+* {{Cite book|editor-last=Nedungatt|editor-first=George|editor-link=George Nedungatt|title=A Guide to the Eastern Code: A Commentary on the Code of Canons of the Eastern Churches|year=2002|location=Rome|publisher=Oriental Institute Press|isbn=9788872103364 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1fEkAQAAIAAJ}}
+* {{Cite book|last=Ohme|first=Heinz|chapter=Sources of the Greek Canon Law to the Quinisext Council (691/2): Councils and Church Fathers|title=The History of Byzantine and Eastern Canon Law to 1500|year=2012|location=Washington|publisher=CUA Press|pages=24–114|isbn=9780813216799 |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BwnCVYHf5VAC&pg=PA24}}
+* {{Cite book|last=Ostrogorsky|first=George|author-link=George Ostrogorsky|title=History of the Byzantine State|year=1956|location=Oxford|publisher=Basil Blackwell|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Bt0_AAAAYAAJ}}
+* {{Cite book|editor-last=Stevenson|editor-first=Angus|title=Oxford Dictionary of English|year=2010|orig-year=1998|edition=3rd|location=Oxford|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-957112-3 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=anecAQAAQBAJ}}
+* {{Cite book|last=Vitale|first=Marco|title=Eparchie und Koinon in Kleinasien von der ausgehenden Republik bis ins 3. Jh. n. Chr.|year=2012|location=Bonn|publisher=Dr. Rudolf Habelt Verlag|isbn=9783774937390 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4q5XLgEACAAJ}}
+* {{Cite journal|last=Vitale|first=Marco|title=Priest—Eparchy-arch—Speaker of the Ethnos: The Areas of Responsibility of the Highest Officials of the Eastern Provincial Imperial Cult|journal=Mnemosyne|year=2016|volume=69|number=1|pages=82–111|doi=10.1163/1568525X-12341727 |url=https://www.academia.edu/11194320}}
+{{refend}}
 ==External links==
+{{EB1911 poster|Eparch}}
-* [http://www.damian-hungs.de/geistliches/ostkirchen/ostkirchliche-bistuemer-und-kloester/  Map with all Dioceses of the Eastern Churches]
-*{{wiktionary-inline}}
+* {{wiktionary-inline}}
+* [https://www.newadvent.org/cathen/05484a.htm Catholic Encyclopedia (1909): Adrian Fortescue: Eparchy]
+* [http://www.damian-hungs.de/geistliches/ostkirchen/ostkirchliche-bistuemer-und-kloester Map with all Dioceses of the Eastern Churches]
 {{Greek terms for country subdivisions}}
+{{Authority control}}
 [[Category:Eastern Christianity]]
-[[Category:Eastern Orthodoxy]]
+[[Category:Dioceses (ecclesiastical)]]
-[[Category:Eastern Catholicism]]
 [[Category:Bishops by type]]
-[[Category:Episcopacy in Roman Catholicism]]
+[[Category:Episcopacy in the Catholic Church]]
-[[Category:Episcopacy in Orthodoxy]]
+[[Category:Episcopacy in Eastern Orthodoxy]]
-[[Category:Oriental Orthodoxy]]
+[[Category:Episcopacy in Oriental Orthodoxy]]
 [[Category:Ecclesiastical titles]]
-[[Category:Dioceses]]
 [[Category:Greek words and phrases]]

v t e Greek terms for administrative divisions
Modern	Decentralised Admninistrations Autonomous Monastic Society Region Regional Unit Municipality Municipal Unit Community
Defunct	General Admnistration * Prefecture (Super-Prefecture, Prefectural Department) * Province * Municipal Department* Communal Department * Municipal Community * Local Community
Historical	archontia/archontaton bandon demos despotaton dioikesis doukaton droungos eparchia exarchaton katepanikion kephalatikion kleisoura meris naukrareia satrapeia strategis thema toparchia tourma