Office of Civilian Defense: Difference between revisions
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{{Short description|US federal wartime agency 1941 to 1945}} |
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{{Infobox government agency |
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| name = Office of Civilian Defense |
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| type = |
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| seal = |
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| logo = Roundel of the United States (1961–1972) – Civil Defense.svg |
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| formed = {{Start date and age|1941|05|20}} |
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| preceding1 = |
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| preceding2 = |
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| dissolved = {{end date and age|1945|06|04}} |
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| superseding1 = [[Office of Civil and Defense Mobilization]] |
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| superseding2 = [[Federal Civil Defense Administration]] |
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| agency_type = |
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| jurisdiction = [[Federal government of the United States]] |
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| status = |
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| headquarters = 2000 Massachusetts Ave, [[Washington, D.C.]] |
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| coordinates = <!-- {{coord|LATITUDE|LONGITUDE|type:landmark_region:US|display=inline,title}} --> |
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| motto = |
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| employees = 75 |
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| budget = |
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| minister2_pfo = <!-- up to |minister8_name= --> |
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| deputyminister1_name = |
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| deputyminister2_pfo = <!-- up to |deputyminister8_name= --> |
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| child1_agency = |
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| child2_agency = <!-- up to |child25_agency= --> |
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| keydocument1 = [https://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/node/209591 Executive Order 8757] |
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| keydocument2 = [https://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/node/278000 Executive Order 9562] |
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| footnotes = |
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}} |
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⚫ | '''Office of Civilian Defense''' was a [[United States]] federal emergency war agency set up May |
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⚫ | '''Office of Civilian Defense''' was a [[United States]] federal emergency war agency set up May 20, 1941, by {{Executive Order|8757}} to co-ordinate state and federal measures for protection of [[civilians]] in case of war emergency.<ref>{{Cite web |last1=Peters |first1 =Gerhard |last2=Woolley | first2 = John T |title=Franklin D. Roosevelt: 'Executive Order 8757 Establishing the Office of Civilian Defense' | date = May 20, 1941 |url=https://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/node/209591 |website=The American Presidency Project |publisher=University of California - Santa Barbara}}</ref> Its two branches supervised protective functions such as [[Blackout (wartime)|blackouts]] and special fire protection and "war service" functions such as child care, health, housing, and transportation. It also created the [[Civil Air Patrol]]. The agency was terminated by Executive Order 9562 of June 4, 1945.<ref>{{Cite web |last1=Peters | first1 = Gerhard |last2=Woolley | first2 = John T |title=Harry S. Truman: Executive Order 9562—Termination of the Office of Civilian Defense | date = June 4, 1945 |url=https://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/node/278000 |website=The American Presidency Project |publisher=University of California - Santa Barbara}}</ref> The [[Office of Civil Defense]] with similar duties was established later. |
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⚫ | [[Fiorello La Guardia]] was the first head of the office, succeeded in 1942 by [[James M. Landis]], followed in 1944 by General [[William N. Haskell]]. While the agency only had a paid staff of 75, it supervised and coordinated the efforts of civilian volunteers estimated to have topped 11 million. Volunteer tasks included firefighting and air-raid preparedness. Children, under adult supervision, could volunteer in the Junior Citizens Service Corps, and were especially helpful in wartime [[scrap drive]]s. |
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⚫ | [[Fiorello La Guardia]] was the first head of the office, succeeded in 1942 by [[James M. Landis]], followed in 1944 by General [[William N. Haskell]]. While the agency only had a paid staff of 75, it supervised and coordinated the efforts of civilian volunteers estimated to have topped 11 million.{{cn|date=March 2022}} Volunteer tasks included firefighting and air-raid preparedness. Children, under adult supervision, could volunteer in the Junior Citizens Service Corps, and were especially helpful in wartime [[scrap drive]]s. |
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==See also== |
==See also== |
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* [[Gilbert A. Harrison]], chairman of the Youth Division |
* [[Gilbert A. Harrison]], chairman of the Youth Division |
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* [[Lorenzo D. Gasser]], U.S. Army major general, [[United States Department of War|War Department]] liaison to OCD, later assistant director in charge of civilian protection.<ref>{{cite news |last=Ellis |first=Charles H. Jr. |date=January 15, 1942 |title=LaGuardia to Quit One of Two Jobs |url= https://www.newspapers.com/clip/113153309/laguardia/ |work=[[The Philadelphia Inquirer]] |location=Philadelphia, PA |pages=1, 4 |via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref> |
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* [[United States civil defense]] |
* [[United States civil defense]] |
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==External links== |
==External links== |
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* {{Cite web |last=Richard Clem |title=Boy Scout Civilian Defense Volunteers in WW2 |url=http://onetuberadio.com/2015/08/29/boy-scout-civilian-defense-volunteers-in-ww2 |access-date=2015-09-19}} |
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* {{Cite web |title=Full text of government publications issues |url=http://dmr.bsu.edu/cdm4/results.php?CISOOP1=exact&CISOFIELD1=CISOSEARCHALL&CISOROOT=/WWIIGovPubs&CISOBOX1=United+States.+Office+of+civilian+defense |website=United States Office of Civilian Defense}} |
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* {{Cite web |title=How the Office of Civilian Defense Worked |date=4 June 2009 |url=https://money.howstuffworks.com/economics/volunteer/organizations/office-of-civil-defense.htm}} |
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* {{cite web |title=Civil Defense for National Security|url=https://irp.fas.org/agency/dhs/fema/civildef-1948.pdf}} |
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* {{cite web |title=Enrolled Volunteer Worker Groups for Civilian Protection|url=https://www.hsdl.org/?view&did=477708}} |
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Latest revision as of 02:31, 1 April 2024
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Agency overview | |
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Formed | May 20, 1941 |
Dissolved | June 4, 1945 |
Superseding agencies | |
Jurisdiction | Federal government of the United States |
Headquarters | 2000 Massachusetts Ave, Washington, D.C. |
Employees | 75 |
Key documents |
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Allies_for_a_big_job_-_NARA_-_513780.jpg/220px-Allies_for_a_big_job_-_NARA_-_513780.jpg)
Office for Emergency Management. Office of War Information, 1941–1945
Office of Civilian Defense was a United States federal emergency war agency set up May 20, 1941, by Executive Order 8757 to co-ordinate state and federal measures for protection of civilians in case of war emergency.[1] Its two branches supervised protective functions such as blackouts and special fire protection and "war service" functions such as child care, health, housing, and transportation. It also created the Civil Air Patrol. The agency was terminated by Executive Order 9562 of June 4, 1945.[2] The Office of Civil Defense with similar duties was established later.
Fiorello La Guardia was the first head of the office, succeeded in 1942 by James M. Landis, followed in 1944 by General William N. Haskell. While the agency only had a paid staff of 75, it supervised and coordinated the efforts of civilian volunteers estimated to have topped 11 million.[citation needed] Volunteer tasks included firefighting and air-raid preparedness. Children, under adult supervision, could volunteer in the Junior Citizens Service Corps, and were especially helpful in wartime scrap drives.
See also
[edit]- Gilbert A. Harrison, chairman of the Youth Division
- Lorenzo D. Gasser, U.S. Army major general, War Department liaison to OCD, later assistant director in charge of civilian protection.[3]
- United States civil defense
References
[edit]- ^ Peters, Gerhard; Woolley, John T (May 20, 1941). "Franklin D. Roosevelt: 'Executive Order 8757 Establishing the Office of Civilian Defense'". The American Presidency Project. University of California - Santa Barbara.
- ^ Peters, Gerhard; Woolley, John T (June 4, 1945). "Harry S. Truman: Executive Order 9562—Termination of the Office of Civilian Defense". The American Presidency Project. University of California - Santa Barbara.
- ^ Ellis, Charles H. Jr. (January 15, 1942). "LaGuardia to Quit One of Two Jobs". The Philadelphia Inquirer. Philadelphia, PA. pp. 1, 4 – via Newspapers.com.
External links
[edit]- Richard Clem. "Boy Scout Civilian Defense Volunteers in WW2". Retrieved 2015-09-19.
- "Full text of government publications issues". United States Office of Civilian Defense.
- "How the Office of Civilian Defense Worked". 4 June 2009.
- "Civil Defense for National Security" (PDF).
- "Enrolled Volunteer Worker Groups for Civilian Protection".