Jump to content

Office of Civilian Defense: Difference between revisions

Edit links
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Browse history interactively
← Previous edit
Content deleted Content added
VisualWikitext
Citation bot (talk | contribs)
Bots
5,161,673 edits
Add: date, authors 1-1. Removed parameters. Some additions/deletions were parameter name changes. | Use this bot. Report bugs. | Suggested by Superegz | Category:Politics of World War II‎ | #UCB_Category 100/150
 
(2 intermediate revisions by 2 users not shown)
Line 10: Line 10:
| seal_caption =
| seal_caption =
| seal_alt =
| seal_alt =
| logo = United States Civil Defense Roundel.svg
| logo = Roundel of the United States (1961–1972) – Civil Defense.svg
| logo_size =
| logo_size =
| logo_caption =
| logo_caption =
Line 64: Line 64:
[[File:Allies for a big job - NARA - 513780.jpg|thumb|{{center|''Allies for a big job'',<br>Office for Emergency Management. Office of War Information, 1941–1945}}]]
[[File:Allies for a big job - NARA - 513780.jpg|thumb|{{center|''Allies for a big job'',<br>Office for Emergency Management. Office of War Information, 1941–1945}}]]


'''Office of Civilian Defense''' was a [[United States]] federal emergency war agency set up May 20, 1941, by {{Executive Order|8757}} to co-ordinate state and federal measures for protection of [[civilians]] in case of war emergency.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Peters |first =Gerhard |last2=Woolley | first2 = John T |title=Franklin D. Roosevelt: 'Executive Order 8757 Establishing the Office of Civilian Defense' | date = May 20, 1941 |url=https://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/node/209591 |website=The American Presidency Project |publisher=University of California - Santa Barbara}}</ref> Its two branches supervised protective functions such as [[Blackout (wartime)|blackouts]] and special fire protection and "war service" functions such as child care, health, housing, and transportation. It also created the [[Civil Air Patrol]]. The agency was terminated by Executive Order 9562 of June 4, 1945.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Peters | first = Gerhard |last2=Woolley | first2 = John T |title=Harry S. Truman: Executive Order 9562—Termination of the Office of Civilian Defense | date = June 4, 1945 |url=https://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/node/278000 |website=The American Presidency Project |publisher=University of California - Santa Barbara}}</ref> The [[Office of Civil Defense]] with similar duties was established later.
'''Office of Civilian Defense''' was a [[United States]] federal emergency war agency set up May 20, 1941, by {{Executive Order|8757}} to co-ordinate state and federal measures for protection of [[civilians]] in case of war emergency.<ref>{{Cite web |last1=Peters |first1 =Gerhard |last2=Woolley | first2 = John T |title=Franklin D. Roosevelt: 'Executive Order 8757 Establishing the Office of Civilian Defense' | date = May 20, 1941 |url=https://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/node/209591 |website=The American Presidency Project |publisher=University of California - Santa Barbara}}</ref> Its two branches supervised protective functions such as [[Blackout (wartime)|blackouts]] and special fire protection and "war service" functions such as child care, health, housing, and transportation. It also created the [[Civil Air Patrol]]. The agency was terminated by Executive Order 9562 of June 4, 1945.<ref>{{Cite web |last1=Peters | first1 = Gerhard |last2=Woolley | first2 = John T |title=Harry S. Truman: Executive Order 9562—Termination of the Office of Civilian Defense | date = June 4, 1945 |url=https://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/node/278000 |website=The American Presidency Project |publisher=University of California - Santa Barbara}}</ref> The [[Office of Civil Defense]] with similar duties was established later.


[[Fiorello La Guardia]] was the first head of the office, succeeded in 1942 by [[James M. Landis]], followed in 1944 by General [[William N. Haskell]]. While the agency only had a paid staff of 75, it supervised and coordinated the efforts of civilian volunteers estimated to have topped 11 million.{{cn|date=March 2022}} Volunteer tasks included firefighting and air-raid preparedness. Children, under adult supervision, could volunteer in the Junior Citizens Service Corps, and were especially helpful in wartime [[scrap drive]]s.
[[Fiorello La Guardia]] was the first head of the office, succeeded in 1942 by [[James M. Landis]], followed in 1944 by General [[William N. Haskell]]. While the agency only had a paid staff of 75, it supervised and coordinated the efforts of civilian volunteers estimated to have topped 11 million.{{cn|date=March 2022}} Volunteer tasks included firefighting and air-raid preparedness. Children, under adult supervision, could volunteer in the Junior Citizens Service Corps, and were especially helpful in wartime [[scrap drive]]s.
Line 70: Line 70:
==See also==
==See also==
* [[Gilbert A. Harrison]], chairman of the Youth Division
* [[Gilbert A. Harrison]], chairman of the Youth Division
* [[Lorenzo D. Gasser]], U.S. Army major general, [[United States Department of War|War Department]] liaison to OCD, later assistant director in charge of civilian protection.
* [[Lorenzo D. Gasser]], U.S. Army major general, [[United States Department of War|War Department]] liaison to OCD, later assistant director in charge of civilian protection.<ref>{{cite news |last=Ellis |first=Charles H. Jr. |date=January 15, 1942 |title=LaGuardia to Quit One of Two Jobs |url= https://www.newspapers.com/clip/113153309/laguardia/ |work=[[The Philadelphia Inquirer]] |location=Philadelphia, PA |pages=1, 4 |via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref>
* [[United States civil defense]]
* [[United States civil defense]]


Line 79: Line 79:
* {{Cite web |last=Richard Clem |title=Boy Scout Civilian Defense Volunteers in WW2 |url=http://onetuberadio.com/2015/08/29/boy-scout-civilian-defense-volunteers-in-ww2 |access-date=2015-09-19}}
* {{Cite web |last=Richard Clem |title=Boy Scout Civilian Defense Volunteers in WW2 |url=http://onetuberadio.com/2015/08/29/boy-scout-civilian-defense-volunteers-in-ww2 |access-date=2015-09-19}}
* {{Cite web |title=Full text of government publications issues |url=http://dmr.bsu.edu/cdm4/results.php?CISOOP1=exact&CISOFIELD1=CISOSEARCHALL&CISOROOT=/WWIIGovPubs&CISOBOX1=United+States.+Office+of+civilian+defense |website=United States Office of Civilian Defense}}
* {{Cite web |title=Full text of government publications issues |url=http://dmr.bsu.edu/cdm4/results.php?CISOOP1=exact&CISOFIELD1=CISOSEARCHALL&CISOROOT=/WWIIGovPubs&CISOBOX1=United+States.+Office+of+civilian+defense |website=United States Office of Civilian Defense}}
* {{Cite web |title=How the Office of Civilian Defense Worked |url=https://money.howstuffworks.com/economics/volunteer/organizations/office-of-civil-defense.htm}}
* {{Cite web |title=How the Office of Civilian Defense Worked |date=4 June 2009 |url=https://money.howstuffworks.com/economics/volunteer/organizations/office-of-civil-defense.htm}}
* {{cite web |title=Civil Defense for National Security|url=https://irp.fas.org/agency/dhs/fema/civildef-1948.pdf}}
* {{cite web |title=Civil Defense for National Security|url=https://irp.fas.org/agency/dhs/fema/civildef-1948.pdf}}
* {{cite web |title=Enrolled Volunteer Worker Groups for Civilian Protection|url=https://www.hsdl.org/?view&did=477708}}
* {{cite web |title=Enrolled Volunteer Worker Groups for Civilian Protection|url=https://www.hsdl.org/?view&did=477708}}

Latest revision as of 02:31, 1 April 2024

Office of Civilian Defense
Agency overview
FormedMay 20, 1941; 83 years ago (1941-05-20)
DissolvedJune 4, 1945; 79 years ago (1945-06-04)
Superseding agencies
JurisdictionFederal government of the United States
Headquarters2000 Massachusetts Ave, Washington, D.C.
Employees75
Key documents
Allies for a big job,
Office for Emergency Management. Office of War Information, 1941–1945

Office of Civilian Defense was a United States federal emergency war agency set up May 20, 1941, by Executive Order 8757 to co-ordinate state and federal measures for protection of civilians in case of war emergency.[1] Its two branches supervised protective functions such as blackouts and special fire protection and "war service" functions such as child care, health, housing, and transportation. It also created the Civil Air Patrol. The agency was terminated by Executive Order 9562 of June 4, 1945.[2] The Office of Civil Defense with similar duties was established later.

Fiorello La Guardia was the first head of the office, succeeded in 1942 by James M. Landis, followed in 1944 by General William N. Haskell. While the agency only had a paid staff of 75, it supervised and coordinated the efforts of civilian volunteers estimated to have topped 11 million.[citation needed] Volunteer tasks included firefighting and air-raid preparedness. Children, under adult supervision, could volunteer in the Junior Citizens Service Corps, and were especially helpful in wartime scrap drives.

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Peters, Gerhard; Woolley, John T (May 20, 1941). "Franklin D. Roosevelt: 'Executive Order 8757 Establishing the Office of Civilian Defense'". The American Presidency Project. University of California - Santa Barbara.
  2. ^ Peters, Gerhard; Woolley, John T (June 4, 1945). "Harry S. Truman: Executive Order 9562—Termination of the Office of Civilian Defense". The American Presidency Project. University of California - Santa Barbara.
  3. ^ Ellis, Charles H. Jr. (January 15, 1942). "LaGuardia to Quit One of Two Jobs". The Philadelphia Inquirer. Philadelphia, PA. pp. 1, 4 – via Newspapers.com.
[edit]


Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Office_of_Civilian_Defense&oldid=1216620309"