Upingtonia: Difference between revisions
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{{Short description|Former Boer republic in Namibia.}} |
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{{Infobox country |
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|conventional_long_name = Republic of Lijdensrust |
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|native_name = <small>''Republiek Lydensrust''</small> |
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|common_name = Lydensrust |
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|empire = Namibia |
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|status = [[Boer republic|Boer Republic]] |
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|government_type = [[Republic]] |
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|event_start = [[File:Flag of the German Empire.svg|23px]] Founding of Upingtonia |
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|year_start = 1885 |
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|date_start = October 20 |
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|event1 = Name change to Lijdensrust |
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|date_event1 = 1886 |
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|event2 = [[William Worthington Jordan]] killed by [[Nehale Mpingana]] |
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|date_event2 = 1886 |
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|event3 = Republic collapses |
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|date_event3 = 1886 |
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|event_end = [[File:Flaggenentwurf 7 Südwestafrika 1914.svg|23px]]Merged into [[German South-West Africa]] |
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|year_end = 1887 |
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|date_end = June |
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|event_post = |
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|date_post = |
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|p1 = Ovambo people |
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|flag_p1 = Ovamboland flag.svg |
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|s1 = German South-West Africa |
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|flag_s1 = Flaggenentwurf 7 Südwestafrika 1914.svg |
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|image_flag = Flag of the German Empire.svg |
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|image_coat = |
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|flag_type = Flag |
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|image_map = |
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|image_map_caption = Location of Lijdensrust in Southern Africa (1885–1887) |
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|capital = [[Grootfontein]] |
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|title_leader= [[wikt:president|President]] |
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|leader1 = George Diederik P. Prinsloo |
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|year_leader1= 1885–1887 |
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|leader2 = |
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|year_leader2= |
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|legislature = |
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|national_motto = |
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|national_anthem = |
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|common_languages = [[Dutch language|Dutch]] <small>(written)</small><br>[[Afrikaans]] <small>(spoken)</small><br>[[German language|German]] |
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|stat_year1 = |
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|stat_area1 = |
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|stat_pop1 = |
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|stat_year2 = |
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|stat_area2 = |
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|stat_pop2 = |
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|religion = [[Dutch Reformed Church|Dutch Reformed]] |
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|currency = [[Pound sterling]] ([[£]]) |
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|footnotes = |
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|today = [[Namibia]] |
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}} |
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<div style="float:right;clear:right"> |
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[[File:Rep Upingtonia 1886.jpg|thumb|Map showing Lijdensrust edged grey]]</div> |
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| ⚫ | '''Lijdensrust''', officially the '''Republic of Lijdensrust''', was a short-lived [[Boer Republics|Boer republic]] in the area of present-day [[Namibia]]. Declared on 20 October 1885, it was originally named '''Upingtonia''', but changed its name soon after as the reason for its original name proved worthless. In 1887, it was merged into [[German South-West Africa]]. |
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==History== |
==History== |
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Between the years 1874 and 1880, farmers migrated from the [[Transvaal]] to what was then southern [[Angola]]. There, they came into conflict with the Portuguese colonial authorities, and some of their number decided to return to the Transvaal, while others migrated further south.<ref name=marais>Chris Marais, Julienne Du Toit, ''A Drink of Dry Land '' (2006), p. 174</ref> |
Between the years 1874 and 1880, farmers migrated from the [[South African Republic|Transvaal]] to what was then southern [[Angola]]. There, they came into conflict with the Portuguese colonial authorities, and some of their number decided to return to the Transvaal, while others migrated further south.<ref name=marais>Chris Marais, Julienne Du Toit, ''A Drink of Dry Land '' (2006), p. 174</ref> |
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In 1885, [[William Worthington Jordan]] bought a tract of land from the [[Ovambo people|Ovambo]] chief Kambonde for three hundred [[Pound sterling|pounds]], paid as twenty-five firearms, one salted horse, and a cask of brandy.<ref>Ute Dieckmann, ''Haillom in the Etosha Region: A History of Colonial Settlement, Ethnicity and Nature Conservation. (Basler Afrika Bibliographien, 2007), p. 48</ref> This land stretched almost {{convert|170|km|mi}} from [[Okaukuejo]] in the west to [[Fischer's Pan]] in the east.<ref>G. P. J. Trümpelmann, ''Die Boer in Suid-wes Afrika'' (1948)</ref> |
In 1885, [[William Worthington Jordan]] bought a tract (fifty thousand square kilometers) of land from the [[Ovambo people|Ovambo]] chief Kambonde for three hundred [[Pound sterling|pounds]], paid as twenty-five firearms, one salted horse, and a cask of brandy.<ref>Ute Dieckmann, ''Haillom in the Etosha Region: A History of Colonial Settlement, Ethnicity and Nature Conservation. (Basler Afrika Bibliographien, 2007), p. 48</ref> This land stretched almost {{convert|170|km|mi}} from [[Okaukuejo]] in the west to [[Fischer's Pan]] in the east.<ref>G. P. J. Trümpelmann, ''Die Boer in Suid-wes Afrika'' (1948)</ref> Chief Kambonde relied on the help of Jordan to defeat his rival for power, Nehale. |
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Between 1876 and 1879, at the time of the [[Dorsland Trek]], Boers had crossed the area, heading for Angola. In 1885 some of these trekkers returned and settled at Grootfontein on land given to them free of charge by Jordan. The Republic of Upingtonia was declared on 20 October 1885.<ref name=marais/> At that time, the population of Upingtonia was around five hundred settlers. The state was named after [[Thomas Upington]], prime minister of the [[Cape Colony]], from whom the new state was hoping for support. However, little was forthcoming.<ref>Robbie John MacVicar Aitken, ''Exclusion and Inclusion: Gradations of Whiteness and Socio-Economic Engineering in German Southwest Africa, 1884-1914'' (2007), p. 191</ref> |
Between 1876 and 1879, at the time of the [[Dorsland Trek]], Boers had crossed the area, heading for Angola. In 1885 some of these trekkers returned and settled at [[Grootfontein]] on land given to them free of charge by Jordan. The Republic of Upingtonia was declared on 20 October 1885.<ref name=marais/> At that time, the population of Upingtonia was around five hundred settlers. The state was named after [[Thomas Upington]], prime minister of the [[Cape Colony]], from whom the new state was hoping for support. However, little was forthcoming.<ref>Robbie John MacVicar Aitken, ''Exclusion and Inclusion: Gradations of Whiteness and Socio-Economic Engineering in German Southwest Africa, 1884-1914'' (2007), p. 191</ref> In 1886, under the influence of the Boers returning to the [[South African Republic|Transvaal]] from southern [[Angola]], the name was changed from Upingtonia to Lijdensrust or Lydensrust. |
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The short-lived republic's capital was Grootfontein, and its [[head of state]] was President [[George Diederik P. Prinsloo]]. The new state fought the [[Herero people|Herero]] and became dependent on German protection. In 1886 Jordan was killed by [[Nehale Mpingana]], and the republic collapsed. The next year the area it had covered was incorporated into German South-West Africa.<ref>Victor L. Tonchi, William A. Lindeke, John J. Grotpeter, ''Historical Dictionary of Namibia'' (2012), p. 445</ref> |
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==Notes== |
==Notes== |
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{{reflist}} |
{{reflist}} |
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{{South African Governments}} |
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{{Boer republics}} |
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{{Political history of South Africa}} |
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{{coord|19|34|S|18|7|E|type:country|display=title}} |
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[[Category:Otjozondjupa Region]] |
[[Category:Otjozondjupa Region]] |
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[[Category:Former countries in Africa]] |
[[Category:Former countries in Africa]] |
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[[Category:States and territories established in 1885]] |
[[Category:States and territories established in 1885]] |
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[[Category:1885 establishments in Africa]] |
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[[Category:States and territories disestablished in 1887]] |
[[Category:States and territories disestablished in 1887]] |
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[[Category:1887 disestablishments in Africa]] |
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[[af:Upingtonia]] |
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[[ca:Upingtonia]] |
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Latest revision as of 05:43, 28 March 2024
Republic of Lijdensrust Republiek Lydensrust | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1885–1887 | |||||||||
.svg) Flag | |||||||||
| Status | Boer Republic | ||||||||
| Capital | Grootfontein | ||||||||
| Common languages | Dutch (written) Afrikaans (spoken) German | ||||||||
| Religion | Dutch Reformed | ||||||||
| Government | Republic | ||||||||
| President | |||||||||
• 1885–1887 | George Diederik P. Prinsloo | ||||||||
| History | |||||||||
• Founding of Upingtonia | October 20 1885 | ||||||||
• Name change to Lijdensrust | 1886 | ||||||||
• William Worthington Jordan killed by Nehale Mpingana | 1886 | ||||||||
• Republic collapses | 1886 | ||||||||
•  Merged into German South-West Africa | June 1887 | ||||||||
| Currency | Pound sterling (£) | ||||||||
| |||||||||
| Today part of | Namibia | ||||||||
Lijdensrust, officially the Republic of Lijdensrust, was a short-lived Boer republic in the area of present-day Namibia. Declared on 20 October 1885, it was originally named Upingtonia, but changed its name soon after as the reason for its original name proved worthless. In 1887, it was merged into German South-West Africa.
History
[edit]Between the years 1874 and 1880, farmers migrated from the Transvaal to what was then southern Angola. There, they came into conflict with the Portuguese colonial authorities, and some of their number decided to return to the Transvaal, while others migrated further south.[1]
In 1885, William Worthington Jordan bought a tract (fifty thousand square kilometers) of land from the Ovambo chief Kambonde for three hundred pounds, paid as twenty-five firearms, one salted horse, and a cask of brandy.[2] This land stretched almost 170 kilometres (110 mi) from Okaukuejo in the west to Fischer's Pan in the east.[3] Chief Kambonde relied on the help of Jordan to defeat his rival for power, Nehale.
Between 1876 and 1879, at the time of the Dorsland Trek, Boers had crossed the area, heading for Angola. In 1885 some of these trekkers returned and settled at Grootfontein on land given to them free of charge by Jordan. The Republic of Upingtonia was declared on 20 October 1885.[1] At that time, the population of Upingtonia was around five hundred settlers. The state was named after Thomas Upington, prime minister of the Cape Colony, from whom the new state was hoping for support. However, little was forthcoming.[4] In 1886, under the influence of the Boers returning to the Transvaal from southern Angola, the name was changed from Upingtonia to Lijdensrust or Lydensrust.
The short-lived republic's capital was Grootfontein, and its head of state was President George Diederik P. Prinsloo. The new state fought the Herero and became dependent on German protection. In 1886 Jordan was killed by Nehale Mpingana, and the republic collapsed. The next year the area it had covered was incorporated into German South-West Africa.[5]
Notes
[edit]- ^ a b Chris Marais, Julienne Du Toit, A Drink of Dry Land (2006), p. 174
- ^ Ute Dieckmann, Haillom in the Etosha Region: A History of Colonial Settlement, Ethnicity and Nature Conservation. (Basler Afrika Bibliographien, 2007), p. 48
- ^ G. P. J. Trümpelmann, Die Boer in Suid-wes Afrika (1948)
- ^ Robbie John MacVicar Aitken, Exclusion and Inclusion: Gradations of Whiteness and Socio-Economic Engineering in German Southwest Africa, 1884-1914 (2007), p. 191
- ^ Victor L. Tonchi, William A. Lindeke, John J. Grotpeter, Historical Dictionary of Namibia (2012), p. 445
