New York City Public Advocate: Difference between revisions

Public Advocate of New York City
Public Advocate of New York City
	Seal of the City of New York
	Flag of the City of New York
	Incumbent; Jumaane Williams; since March 19, 2019
Term length	4 years; may serve two consecutive terms
Inaugural holder	Mark Green
Formation	1993
Succession	First in the New York City mayoral line of succession
Deputy	First Deputy Public Advocate, Nick E. Smith
Salary	$184,800 USD (2021)
Website	advocate.nyc.gov

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The office of New York City Public Advocate (President of the City Council) is a citywide elected position in New York City, which is first in line to succeed the mayor. The office serves as a direct link between the electorate and city government, effectively acting as an ombudsman, or watchdog, for New Yorkers.

History

The office was created in 1993, when the New York City Council voted to rename the position of President of the City Council. Following the City Charter revision of 1989 which eliminated the powerful New York City Board of Estimate on which the president held a seat, the post was seen as largely ceremonial; its only notable responsibility was to cast the deciding vote in the City Council in the unlikely event of a tie, a power that was eliminated in 2001.^[3] At the time, it was thought likely that the post would be abolished altogether.^[4] The position survived, and has been held by Democrats throughout its history. Mark Green was the first public advocate and served through his unsuccessful run for Mayor in 2001.

Also in 2001, the City Council amended the city charter to transfer the public advocate's functions as presiding officer of the City Council to a Speaker elected from among the council members. Green's successor, Betsy Gotbaum, thus had her role limited to being the city's de facto ombudsman. The 2009 election to succeed Gotbaum was highly competitive and was won by Bill de Blasio, who later became the first public advocate to win the Mayor's office.

The current public advocate is Jumaane Williams, following a special election on February 26, 2019.

Duties

The public advocate is a non-voting member of the New York City Council with the right to introduce and co-sponsor legislation. Prior to a 2002 charter revision, the Public Advocate was also the presiding officer of the council.^[5] The public advocate also serves as an ombudsman for city government, providing oversight for city agencies, investigating citizens' complaints about city services and making proposals to address perceived shortcomings or failures of those services. These duties, worded somewhat ambiguously, are laid out in Section 24 of the City Charter. The public advocate serves on the committee which selects the director of the New York City Independent Budget Office and appoints members to several boards and commissions, including one member of the New York City Planning Commission. The public advocate also serves as chairman of the Commission of Public Information and Communication established by Section 1061 of the New York City Charter.

Along with the mayor and the comptroller, the public advocate is one of three municipal offices elected by all the city's voters. In the event of a vacancy or incapacity of the mayor, the public advocate is first in line to become mayor.^[6]

List of New York City public advocates

No.	Name	Term of office	Party affiliation	Notes
1	Mark Green	January 1, 1994 – December 31, 2001	Democratic	elected to two four-year terms^[7]^[8] ran for Mayor of New York City but lost^[9]
2	Betsy Gotbaum	January 1, 2002 – December 31, 2009	Democratic	elected to two four-year terms^[10] did not run for re-election^[11]
3	Bill de Blasio	January 1, 2010 – December 31, 2013	Democratic	elected to one four-year term^[12] ran for Mayor of New York City, and won^[13]
4	Letitia James	January 1, 2014 – December 31, 2018	Democratic	elected to two four-year terms^[14]^[15] resigned one year into her second term to take her elected position as Attorney General of New York State^[16]^[17]
—	Corey Johnson (acting)	January 1, 2019 – March 19, 2019	Democratic	became the acting public advocate upon James being sworn in as Attorney General of New York State^[17]
5	Jumaane Williams	March 19, 2019 – present	Democratic	won the 2019 New York City Public Advocate special election^[18]

References

^ www.pubadvocate.nyc.gov/about#deputy-public-advocates/
^ govsalaries.com/salaries/NY/public-advocate
^ Ross, Scott (October 12, 2009). "Bloomberg Wants to Axe Public Advocate". NBC New York. Retrieved June 26, 2020.
^ Raab, Selwyn (January 30, 1993). "'President' Is Confusing; Council May Alter Title". The New York Times. Retrieved December 3, 2010.
^ Cardwell, Diane (December 2, 2002). "Betsy Gotbaum, the Advocate, Struggles to Reach Her Public". The New York Times. Retrieved January 14, 2013.
^ "The Mayor". What makes New York City run? : a citizen's guide to how city government works (trade) (Third ed.). New York, N.Y.: League of Women Voters of the City of New York Education Fund. 2001. pp. 30–31. ISBN 0-916130-02-9.
^ Hicks, Jonathan P. (November 3, 1993). "Green Breezes in Rematch From Primary". New York Times. p. B5. Retrieved January 2, 2019.
^ Nagourney, Adam (November 5, 1997). "Giuliani Sweeps to Second Term As Mayor; Whitman Holds on By a Razor-Thin Margin - Firm Grip on City – Mayor Wins 4 Boroughs – Messinger Makes Her Concession". New York Times. p. A1. Retrieved January 2, 2019.
^ Nagourney, Adam (November 7, 2001). "The 2001 Elections: Bloomberg Edges Green in Race for Mayor; McGreevey is an Easy Winner in New Jersey". New York Times. p. A1. Retrieved January 2, 2019.
^ "The Races in New York City". New York Times. November 10, 2005. p. B6. Retrieved January 2, 2019.
^ Santos, Fernanda (October 27, 2008). "Betsy Gotbaum Says She Will Not Seek Re-election as the City's Public Advocate". New York Times. p. A28. Retrieved January 2, 2019.
^ Chen, David W.; Barbaro, Michael (November 3, 2019). "Bloomberg Wins 3rd Term as Mayor in Unexpectedly Close Race". New York Times. p. A1. Retrieved January 2, 2019.
^ Barbaro, Michael; Chen, David W. (November 6, 2013). "De Blasio Is Elected New York City Mayor in Landslide; Christie Coasts To 2nd Term as Governor". New York Times. p. A1. Retrieved January 2, 2019.
^ Powell, Michael (November 7, 2013). "In New York City's Sharp Left Turn, Questions of Just How Far". New York Times. p. A29. Retrieved January 2, 2019.
^ Neuman, William; Goodman, J. David (November 8, 2017). "De Blasio Coasts to Re-election, as Second-Term Challenges Await". New York Times. p. A1. Retrieved January 2, 2019.
^ Mays, Jeffrey C. (November 7, 2018). "Breaking Barriers, Letitia James Is Elected New York Attorney General". New York Times. p. A28. Retrieved January 2, 2019.
^ ^a ^b Goodman, J. David (December 31, 2018). "2 of New York's Most Influential Offices Are About to Be Held by One Person". New York Times. p. A17. Retrieved January 2, 2019.
^ Mays, Jeffery C. (February 26, 2019). "Jumaane Williams Wins Public Advocate Race in New York City". New York Times. p. A1. Retrieved February 26, 2019.

External links

Official website

[1] www.pubadvocate.nyc.gov/about#deputy-public-advocates/

[2] vsalaries.com/salaries/NY/public-advocate

[3] Ross, Scott (October 12, 2009). "Bloomberg Wants to Axe Public Advocate". NBC New York. Retrieved June 26, 2020.

[4] Raab, Selwyn (January 30, 1993). "'President' Is Confusing; Council May Alter Title". The New York Times. Retrieved December 3, 2010.

[5] Cardwell, Diane (December 2, 2002). "Betsy Gotbaum, the Advocate, Struggles to Reach Her Public". The New York Times. Retrieved January 14, 2013.

[6] "The Mayor". What makes New York City run? : a citizen's guide to how city government works (trade) (Third ed.). New York, N.Y.: League of Women Voters of the City of New York Education Fund. 2001. pp. 30–31. ISBN 0-916130-02-9.

[7] Hicks, Jonathan P. (November 3, 1993). "Green Breezes in Rematch From Primary". New York Times. p. B5. Retrieved January 2, 2019.

[8] Nagourney, Adam (November 5, 1997). "Giuliani Sweeps to Second Term As Mayor; Whitman Holds on By a Razor-Thin Margin - Firm Grip on City – Mayor Wins 4 Boroughs – Messinger Makes Her Concession". New York Times. p. A1. Retrieved January 2, 2019.

[9] Nagourney, Adam (November 7, 2001). "The 2001 Elections: Bloomberg Edges Green in Race for Mayor; McGreevey is an Easy Winner in New Jersey". New York Times. p. A1. Retrieved January 2, 2019.

[10] "The Races in New York City". New York Times. November 10, 2005. p. B6. Retrieved January 2, 2019.

[11] Santos, Fernanda (October 27, 2008). "Betsy Gotbaum Says She Will Not Seek Re-election as the City's Public Advocate". New York Times. p. A28. Retrieved January 2, 2019.

[12] Chen, David W.; Barbaro, Michael (November 3, 2019). "Bloomberg Wins 3rd Term as Mayor in Unexpectedly Close Race". New York Times. p. A1. Retrieved January 2, 2019.

[13] Barbaro, Michael; Chen, David W. (November 6, 2013). "De Blasio Is Elected New York City Mayor in Landslide; Christie Coasts To 2nd Term as Governor". New York Times. p. A1. Retrieved January 2, 2019.

[14] Powell, Michael (November 7, 2013). "In New York City's Sharp Left Turn, Questions of Just How Far". New York Times. p. A29. Retrieved January 2, 2019.

[15] Neuman, William; Goodman, J. David (November 8, 2017). "De Blasio Coasts to Re-election, as Second-Term Challenges Await". New York Times. p. A1. Retrieved January 2, 2019.

[16] Mays, Jeffrey C. (November 7, 2018). "Breaking Barriers, Letitia James Is Elected New York Attorney General". New York Times. p. A28. Retrieved January 2, 2019.

[LJCJ-17] Goodman, J. David (December 31, 2018). "2 of New York's Most Influential Offices Are About to Be Held by One Person". New York Times. p. A17. Retrieved January 2, 2019.

[18] Mays, Jeffery C. (February 26, 2019). "Jumaane Williams Wins Public Advocate Race in New York City". New York Times. p. A1. Retrieved February 26, 2019.

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@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
+{{Short description|Municipal official}}
-{{Infobox Political post
+{{use mdy dates|date=September 2023}}
-|post            = Public Advocate
+{{Infobox official post
-|body            = the City of New York
+| post = Public Advocate
-|insignia        = Flag_of_New_York_City.svg
+| body = New York City
-|insigniasize    = 150px
+| flag = Flag_of_New_York_City.svg
-|insigniacaption = Flag of New York City
+| flagsize = 150px
-|image           = Jumaane_Williams,_OWS_2012_(portrait).jpg
+| flagcaption = Flag of the City of New York
-|imagesize       = 200px
+| insignia = Seal of New York City (BW).svg
-|incumbent       = [[Jumaane Williams]]
+| insigniasize = 110px
-|incumbentsince  = March 19, 2019
+| insigniacaption = Seal of the City of New York
-|acting          =
+| image = 142 Jumaane Williams (cropped).jpg
-|style           =
+| imagesize = 200px
-|residence       =
+| incumbent = [[Jumaane Williams]]
-|termlength      = Four years; may serve two consecutive terms
+| incumbentsince = March 19, 2019
-|formation       = 1993
+| style =
-|succession      = First in the [[Mayor of New York City|New York City mayoral line of succession]]
+| residence =
-|salary          = $184,800
+| termlength = 4 years; may serve two consecutive terms
-|inaugural       = [[Mark J. Green]]
+| formation = 1993
-|website         = {{URL|http://advocate.nyc.gov/}}
+| succession = First in the [[Mayor of New York City|New York City mayoral line of succession]]
+| salary = $184,800 [[United States dollar|USD]] (2021)<ref>{{URL|https://govsalaries.com/salaries/NY/public-advocate}}</ref>
+| inaugural = [[Mark Green (New York politician)|Mark Green]]
+| website = {{URL|http://advocate.nyc.gov/}}
+| deputy = First Deputy Public Advocate,
+[[Nick E. Smith]]<ref>{{URL|https://www.pubadvocate.nyc.gov/about#deputy-public-advocates/}}</ref>
 }}
-The office of '''New York City Public Advocate''' is a citywide elected position in [[New York City]], which is first in line to succeed the [[Mayor of New York City|mayor]]. The office serves as a direct link between the [[wiktionary:electorate|electorate]] and city government, effectively acting as an [[ombudsman]], or [[Consumer organization|watchdog]], for New Yorkers.
+The office of '''New York City Public Advocate''' (President of the City Council) is a citywide elected position in [[New York City]], which is first in line to succeed the [[Mayor of New York City|mayor]]. The office serves as a direct link between the [[wiktionary:electorate|electorate]] and city government, effectively acting as an [[ombudsman]], or [[Consumer organization|watchdog]], for New Yorkers.
 ==History==
-The office was created in 1993, when the [[New York City Council]] voted to rename the position of President of the City Council. Following the City Charter revision of 1989 which eliminated the powerful [[New York City Board of Estimate]] on which the president held a seat, the post was seen as largely ceremonial; its only notable responsibility was to cast the deciding vote in the City Council in the unlikely event of a tie, a power that was eliminated in 2001.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nbcnewyork.com/news/local/bloomberg-would-axe-ublic-advocate/1873819/ |title=Bloomberg Wants to Axe Public Advocate|date=October 12, 2009|accessdate=June 26, 2020|last=Ross|first=Scott|publisher=NBC New York}} </ref> At the time, it was thought likely that the post would be abolished altogether.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1993/01/30/nyregion/president-is-confusing-council-may-alter-title.html?searchResultPosition=1 |title='President' Is Confusing; Council May Alter Title|date=January 30, 1993|accessdate=December 3, 2010|last=Raab|first=Selwyn|publisher=The New York Times}}</ref> The position survived, and has been held by [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democrats]] throughout its history. [[Mark J. Green|Mark Green]] was the first public advocate and served through his unsuccessful run for Mayor in [[New York City mayoral election, 2001|2001]].
+The office was created in 1993, when the [[New York City Council]] voted to rename the position of President of the City Council. Following the City Charter revision of 1989 which eliminated the powerful [[New York City Board of Estimate]] on which the president held a seat, the post was seen as largely ceremonial; its only notable responsibility was to cast the deciding vote in the City Council in the unlikely event of a tie, a power that was eliminated in 2001.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nbcnewyork.com/news/local/bloomberg-would-axe-ublic-advocate/1873819/ |title=Bloomberg Wants to Axe Public Advocate|date=October 12, 2009|access-date=June 26, 2020|last=Ross|first=Scott|publisher=NBC New York}}</ref> At the time, it was thought likely that the post would be abolished altogether.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1993/01/30/nyregion/president-is-confusing-council-may-alter-title.html |title='President' Is Confusing; Council May Alter Title|date=January 30, 1993|access-date=December 3, 2010|last=Raab|first=Selwyn|work=The New York Times}}</ref> The position survived, and has been held by [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democrats]] throughout its history. [[Mark Green (New York politician)|Mark Green]] was the first public advocate and served through his unsuccessful run for Mayor in [[2001 New York City mayoral election|2001]].
-Also in 2001, the City Council amended the city charter to transfer the public advocate's functions as presiding officer of the City Council to a Speaker elected from among the council members. Green's successor, [[Betsy Gotbaum]], thus had her role limited to being the city's de facto ombudsman. The [[New York City Public Advocate election, 2009|2009 election]] to succeed Gotbaum was highly competitive and was won by [[Bill de Blasio]], who later became the first public advocate to win the Mayor's office.
+Also in 2001, the City Council amended the city charter to transfer the public advocate's functions as presiding officer of the City Council to a Speaker elected from among the council members. Green's successor, [[Betsy Gotbaum]], thus had her role limited to being the city's de facto ombudsman. The [[2009 New York City Public Advocate election|2009 election]] to succeed Gotbaum was highly competitive and was won by [[Bill de Blasio]], who later became the first public advocate to win the Mayor's office.
 The current public advocate is [[Jumaane Williams]], following a special election on February 26, 2019.
 ==Duties==
-The public advocate is a non-voting member of the [[New York City Council]] with the right to introduce and co-sponsor legislation. Prior to a 2002 charter revision, the Public Advocate was also the presiding officer of the Council.<ref>{{cite web|last=Cardwell|first=Diane|title=Betsy Gotbaum, the Advocate, Struggles to Reach Her Public|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2002/12/02/nyregion/betsy-gotbaum-the-advocate-struggles-to-reach-her-public.html?pagewanted=all&src=pm|accessdate=14 January 2013}}</ref>  The public advocate also serves as an ombudsman for city government, providing oversight for city agencies, investigating citizens' complaints about city services and making proposals to address perceived shortcomings or failures of those services. These duties, worded somewhat ambiguously, are laid out in Section 24 of the City Charter.  The public advocate serves on the committee which selects the director of the [[New York City Independent Budget Office]] and appoints members to several boards and commissions, including one member of the [[New York City Planning Commission]]. The public advocate also serves as chair of the Commission of Public Information and Communication established by Section 1061 of the [[New York City Charter]].
+The public advocate is a non-voting member of the [[New York City Council]] with the right to introduce and co-sponsor legislation. Prior to a 2002 charter revision, the Public Advocate was also the presiding officer of the council.<ref>{{cite web|last=Cardwell|first=Diane|date=December 2, 2002|title=Betsy Gotbaum, the Advocate, Struggles to Reach Her Public|website=[[The New York Times]] |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2002/12/02/nyregion/betsy-gotbaum-the-advocate-struggles-to-reach-her-public.html|access-date=January 14, 2013}}</ref> The public advocate also serves as an ombudsman for city government, providing oversight for city agencies, investigating citizens' complaints about city services and making proposals to address perceived shortcomings or failures of those services. These duties, worded somewhat ambiguously, are laid out in Section 24 of the City Charter. The public advocate serves on the committee which selects the director of the [[New York City Independent Budget Office]] and appoints members to several boards and commissions, including one member of the [[New York City Planning Commission]]. The public advocate also serves as chairman of the Commission of Public Information and Communication established by Section 1061 of the [[New York City Charter]].
-Along with the [[Mayor of New York City|Mayor]] and the [[New York City Comptroller|Comptroller]], the public advocate is one of three municipal offices elected by all the city's voters. In the event of a vacancy or incapacity of the mayor, the public advocate is first in line to become mayor.<ref name="NYCRun">{{cite book|title=What makes New York City run? : a citizen's guide to how city government works |url=https://eportfolios.macaulay.cuny.edu/fields2014/files/2013/12/What-Makes-NYC-Run.pdf |date=2001|publisher=League of Women Voters of the City of New York Education Fund |location=New York, N.Y. |isbn=0-916130-02-9|pages=30-31 |edition=Third |language=English |format=trade |chapter=The Mayor }}</ref>
+Along with the [[Mayor of New York City|mayor]] and the [[New York City Comptroller|comptroller]], the public advocate is one of three municipal offices elected by all the city's voters. In the event of a vacancy or incapacity of the mayor, the public advocate is first in line to become mayor.<ref>{{cite book|title=What makes New York City run? : a citizen's guide to how city government works |url=https://eportfolios.macaulay.cuny.edu/fields2014/files/2013/12/What-Makes-NYC-Run.pdf |date=2001|publisher=League of Women Voters of the City of New York Education Fund |location=New York, N.Y. |isbn=0-916130-02-9|pages=30–31 |edition=Third |language=en |format=trade |chapter=The Mayor }}</ref>
-==List of New York City Public Advocates==
+==List of New York City public advocates==
 {| class="wikitable"
 |-
-! align=center|#
+! align=center|{{abbr|No.|Number}}
+! Image
 ! Name
 ! Term of office
@@ Line 43: / Line 50: @@
 |-
 | align=center| 1
-| [[Mark J. Green]]
+| [[File:Mark Green 2 by David Shankbone (cropped).jpg|70px]]
+| [[Mark Green (New York politician)|Mark Green]]
 | January 1, 1994&nbsp;–&nbsp;December 31, 2001
 | {{Party shading/Democratic}} | [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]]
 |
-* elected to two four-year terms<ref>{{cite news |last1=Hicks |first1=Jonathan P. |title=Green Breezes in Rematch From Primary |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1993/11/03/nyregion/the-1993-elections-public-advocate-green-breezes-in-rematch-from-primary.html |accessdate=2 January 2019 |work=New York Times |date=November 3, 1993|page=B5}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Nagourney |first1=Adam |title=Giuliani Sweeps to Second Term As Mayor; Whitman Holds on By a Razor-Thin Margin - Firm Grip on City – Mayor Wins 4 Boroughs – Messinger Makes Her Concession |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1997/11/05/nyregion/1997-elections-overview-giuliani-sweeps-second-term-mayor-whitman-holds-razor.html |accessdate=2 January 2019 |work=New York Times |date=November 5, 1997|page=A1}}</ref>
+* elected to two four-year terms<ref>{{cite news |last1=Hicks |first1=Jonathan P. |title=Green Breezes in Rematch From Primary |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1993/11/03/nyregion/the-1993-elections-public-advocate-green-breezes-in-rematch-from-primary.html |access-date=January 2, 2019 |work=New York Times |date=November 3, 1993|page=B5}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Nagourney |first1=Adam |title=Giuliani Sweeps to Second Term As Mayor; Whitman Holds on By a Razor-Thin Margin - Firm Grip on City – Mayor Wins 4 Boroughs – Messinger Makes Her Concession |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1997/11/05/nyregion/1997-elections-overview-giuliani-sweeps-second-term-mayor-whitman-holds-razor.html |access-date=January 2, 2019 |work=New York Times |date=November 5, 1997|page=A1}}</ref>
-* ran for [[Mayor of New York City]] but lost<ref>{{cite news |last1=Nagourney |first1=Adam |title=The 2001 Elections: Bloomberg Edges Green in Race for Mayor; McGreevey is an Easy Winner in New Jersey |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2001/11/07/nyregion/2001-elections-mayor-bloomberg-edges-green-race-for-mayor-mcgreevey-easy-winner.html |accessdate=2 January 2019 |work=New York Times |date=November 7, 2001|page=A1}}</ref>
+* ran for [[Mayor of New York City]] but lost<ref>{{cite news |last1=Nagourney |first1=Adam |title=The 2001 Elections: Bloomberg Edges Green in Race for Mayor; McGreevey is an Easy Winner in New Jersey |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2001/11/07/nyregion/2001-elections-mayor-bloomberg-edges-green-race-for-mayor-mcgreevey-easy-winner.html |access-date=January 2, 2019 |work=New York Times |date=November 7, 2001|page=A1}}</ref>
 |-
 | align=center| 2
+| [[File:Betsy Gotbaum (3639351078).jpg|70px]]
 | [[Betsy Gotbaum]]
 | January 1, 2002&nbsp;–&nbsp;December 31, 2009
 | {{Party shading/Democratic}} | Democratic
 |
-* elected to two four-year terms<ref>{{cite news |title=The Races in New York City |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2005/11/10/nyregion/the-2005-elections-the-races-in-new-york-city.html |accessdate=2 January 2019 |work=New York Times |date=November 10, 2005|page=B6}}</ref>
+* elected to two four-year terms<ref>{{cite news |title=The Races in New York City |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2005/11/10/nyregion/the-2005-elections-the-races-in-new-york-city.html |access-date=January 2, 2019 |work=New York Times |date=November 10, 2005|page=B6}}</ref>
-* did not run for re-election<ref>{{cite news |last1=Santos |first1=Fernanda |title=Betsy Gotbaum Says She Will Not Seek Re-election as the City’s Public Advocate |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2008/10/28/nyregion/28advocate.html |accessdate=2 January 2019 |work=New York Times |date=October 27, 2008|page=A28}}</ref>
+* did not run for re-election<ref>{{cite news |last1=Santos |first1=Fernanda |title=Betsy Gotbaum Says She Will Not Seek Re-election as the City's Public Advocate |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2008/10/28/nyregion/28advocate.html |access-date=January 2, 2019 |work=New York Times |date=October 27, 2008|page=A28}}</ref>
 |-
 | align=center| 3
+| [[File:Bill de Blasio NYC.jpg|70px]]
 | [[Bill de Blasio]]
 | January 1, 2010&nbsp;–&nbsp;December 31, 2013
 | {{Party shading/Democratic}} | Democratic
 |
-* elected to one four-year term<ref>{{cite news |last1=Chen |first1=David W. |last2=Barbaro |first2=Michael |title=Bloomberg Wins 3rd Term as Mayor in Unexpectedly Close Race |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2009/11/04/nyregion/04mayor.html |accessdate=2 January 2019 |work=New York Times |date=November 3, 2019|page=A1}}</ref>
+* elected to one four-year term<ref>{{cite news |last1=Chen |first1=David W. |last2=Barbaro |first2=Michael |title=Bloomberg Wins 3rd Term as Mayor in Unexpectedly Close Race |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2009/11/04/nyregion/04mayor.html |access-date=January 2, 2019 |work=New York Times |date=November 3, 2019|page=A1}}</ref>
-* ran for [[Mayor of New York City]], and won<ref>{{cite news |last1=Barbaro |first1=Michael |last2=Chen |first2=David W. |title=De Blasio Is Elected New York City Mayor in Landslide; Christie Coasts To 2nd Term as Governor |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2013/11/06/nyregion/de-blasio-is-elected-new-york-city-mayor.html |accessdate=2 January 2019 |work=New York Times |date=November 6, 2013|page=A1}}</ref>
+* ran for [[Mayor of New York City]], and won<ref>{{cite news |last1=Barbaro |first1=Michael |last2=Chen |first2=David W. |title=De Blasio Is Elected New York City Mayor in Landslide; Christie Coasts To 2nd Term as Governor |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2013/11/06/nyregion/de-blasio-is-elected-new-york-city-mayor.html |access-date=January 2, 2019 |work=New York Times |date=November 6, 2013|page=A1}}</ref>
 |-
 | align=center| 4
+| [[File:Letitia James 2013 (3x4 crop).jpg|70px]]
 | [[Letitia James]]
 | January 1, 2014&nbsp;–&nbsp;December 31, 2018
 | {{Party shading/Democratic}} | Democratic
 |
-* elected to two four-year terms<ref>{{cite news |last1=Powell |first1=Michael |title=In New York City’s Sharp Left Turn, Questions of Just How Far |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2013/11/07/nyregion/in-new-york-citys-sharp-left-turn-questions-of-just-how-far.html |accessdate=2 January 2019 |work=New York Times |date=November 7, 2013|page=A29}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Neuman |first1=William |last2=Goodman |first2=J. David |title=De Blasio Coasts to Re-election, as Second-Term Challenges Await |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/11/07/nyregion/bill-de-blasio-mayor.html |accessdate=2 January 2019 |work=New York Times |date=November 8, 2017|page=A1}}</ref>
+* elected to two four-year terms<ref>{{cite news |last1=Powell |first1=Michael |title=In New York City's Sharp Left Turn, Questions of Just How Far |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2013/11/07/nyregion/in-new-york-citys-sharp-left-turn-questions-of-just-how-far.html |access-date=January 2, 2019 |work=New York Times |date=November 7, 2013|page=A29}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Neuman |first1=William |last2=Goodman |first2=J. David |title=De Blasio Coasts to Re-election, as Second-Term Challenges Await |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/11/07/nyregion/bill-de-blasio-mayor.html |access-date=January 2, 2019 |work=New York Times |date=November 8, 2017|page=A1}}</ref>
-* resigned one year into her second term to take her elected position as [[Attorney General of New York|Attorney General of New York State]]<ref>{{cite news |last1=Mays |first1=Jeffrey C. |title=Breaking Barriers, Letitia James Is Elected New York Attorney General |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/11/06/nyregion/letitia-james-wins-ny-ag.html |accessdate=2 January 2019 |work=New York Times |date=November 7, 2018|page=A28}}</ref><ref name=LJCJ>{{cite news |last1=Goodman |first1=J. David |title=2 of New York’s Most Influential Offices Are About to Be Held by One Person |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/12/31/nyregion/corey-johnson-public-advocate-council-president.html |accessdate=January 2, 2019 |work=New York Times |date=December 31, 2018|page=A17}}</ref>
+* resigned one year into her second term to take her elected position as [[Attorney General of New York|Attorney General of New York State]]<ref>{{cite news |last1=Mays |first1=Jeffrey C. |title=Breaking Barriers, Letitia James Is Elected New York Attorney General |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/11/06/nyregion/letitia-james-wins-ny-ag.html |access-date=January 2, 2019 |work=New York Times |date=November 7, 2018|page=A28}}</ref><ref name=LJCJ>{{cite news |last1=Goodman |first1=J. David |title=2 of New York's Most Influential Offices Are About to Be Held by One Person |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/12/31/nyregion/corey-johnson-public-advocate-council-president.html |access-date=January 2, 2019 |work=New York Times |date=December 31, 2018|page=A17}}</ref>
 |-
 | align=center| —
+| [[File:Corey Johnson NYU Expansion Plan Lawsuit Press Conference (cropped).jpg|70px]]
 | [[Corey Johnson (politician)|Corey Johnson]] (acting)
 | January 1, 2019&nbsp;–&nbsp;March 19, 2019
@@ Line 82: / Line 94: @@
 |-
 | align=center| 5
+| [[File:142 Jumaane Williams (cropped).jpg|70px]]
 | [[Jumaane Williams]]
 | March 19, 2019&nbsp;–&nbsp;present
 | {{Party shading/Democratic}} | Democratic
 |
-* won the [[2019 New York City Public Advocate special election]]<ref>{{cite news |last1=Mays |first1=Jeffery C. |title=Jumaane Williams Wins Public Advocate Race in New York City |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/02/26/nyregion/public-advocate-nyc-results.html |accessdate=26 February 2019 |work=New York Times |date=February 26, 2019|page=A1}}</ref>
+* won the [[2019 New York City Public Advocate special election]]<ref>{{cite news |last1=Mays |first1=Jeffery C. |title=Jumaane Williams Wins Public Advocate Race in New York City |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/02/26/nyregion/public-advocate-nyc-results.html |access-date=February 26, 2019 |work=New York Times |date=February 26, 2019|page=A1}}</ref>
 |}
 ==See also==
 * [[New York City Council#Presiding officers since 1898]]
-* [[New York City Public Advocate election, 2009]]
+* [[2009 New York City Public Advocate election]]
-* [[New York City Public Advocate election, 2013]]
+* [[2013 New York City Public Advocate election]]
 * [[2019 New York City Public Advocate special election]]
+* [[2021 New York City Public Advocate election]]
 ==References==

Authority control databases
International	VIAF
National	United States