Auscultation: Difference between revisions
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{{Short description|Listening to the internal sounds of the body, usually using a stethoscope}} |
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{{For|the ancient monasterial worker|Auscultare}} |
{{For|the ancient monasterial worker|Auscultare}} |
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{{Infobox interventions |
{{Infobox interventions |
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|Image = Standardized-Patient-Program-examining-t he-abdomen.jpg |
|Image = Standardized-Patient-Program-examining-t he-abdomen.jpg |
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|Caption = A doctor auscultating a patient's abdomen |
|Caption = A doctor auscultating a patient's abdomen |
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|ICD10 = |
|ICD10 = |
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|ICD9 = |
|ICD9 = |
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|MeshID = D001314 |
|MeshID = D001314 |
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|MedlinePlus = 002226 |
|MedlinePlus = 002226 |
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|OtherCodes = |
|OtherCodes = |
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{{listen|filename=Emily's heartbeat.wav|title= |
{{listen|filename=Emily's heartbeat.wav|title=Emily's heartbeat|description=Sounds heard on auscultation of a healthy 16-year-old's heart while holding her breath, as heard with a [[stethoscope]] at the tricuspid valve|format=[[wav]]}} |
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'''Auscultation''' (based on the Latin verb ''auscultare'' "to listen") is listening to the internal sounds of the body, usually using a [[stethoscope]]. Auscultation is performed for the purposes of examining the [[circulatory system|circulatory]] and [[respiratory system]]s ([[heart sounds|heart]] and [[breath sounds]]), as well as the alimentary canal. |
'''Auscultation''' (based on the Latin verb ''auscultare'' "to listen") is listening to the internal sounds of the body, usually using a [[stethoscope]]. Auscultation is performed for the purposes of examining the [[circulatory system|circulatory]] and [[respiratory system]]s ([[heart sounds|heart]] and [[breath sounds]]), as well as the [[alimentary canal]]. |
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The term was introduced by [[René Laennec]]. The act of listening to body sounds for diagnostic purposes has its origin further back in history, possibly as early as Ancient Egypt. |
The term was introduced by [[René Laennec]]. The act of listening to body sounds for diagnostic purposes has its origin further back in history, possibly as early as Ancient Egypt. Auscultation and [[palpation]] go together in [[physical examination]] and are alike in that both have ancient roots, both require skill, and both are still important today. Laënnec's contributions were refining the procedure, linking sounds with specific pathological changes in the chest, and inventing a suitable instrument (the stethoscope) to mediate between the patient's body and the clinician's ear. |
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Auscultation is a skill that requires substantial clinical experience, a fine stethoscope and good listening skills. Health professionals (doctors, nurses, etc.) listen to three main organs and organ systems during auscultation: the [[heart]], the [[lungs]], and the gastrointestinal system. When auscultating the heart, doctors listen for abnormal sounds, including [[heart murmurs]], gallops, and other extra sounds coinciding with heartbeats. [[Heart rate]] is also noted. When listening to lungs, breath sounds such as [[wheezes]], crepitations and crackles are identified. The gastrointestinal system is auscultated to note the presence of bowel sounds. |
Auscultation is a skill that requires substantial clinical experience, a fine stethoscope and good listening skills. Health professionals (doctors, nurses, etc.) listen to three main organs and organ systems during auscultation: the [[heart]], the [[lungs]], and the gastrointestinal system. When auscultating the heart, doctors listen for abnormal sounds, including [[heart murmurs]], gallops, and other extra sounds coinciding with heartbeats. [[Heart rate]] is also noted. When listening to lungs, breath sounds such as [[wheezes]], crepitations and crackles are identified. The gastrointestinal system is auscultated to note the presence of bowel sounds. |
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== Auscultogram == |
== Auscultogram == |
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The sounds of auscultation can be depicted using symbols to produce an auscultogram. It is used in cardiology training.<ref>{{cite book |author=Constant, Jules |title=Bedside cardiology |publisher=Lippincott Williams & Wilkins |location=Hagerstwon, MD |year=1999 |pages=123 |isbn=0-7817-2168-7 }}</ref> |
The sounds of auscultation can be depicted using symbols to produce an auscultogram. It is used in cardiology training.<ref>{{cite book |author=Constant, Jules |title=Bedside cardiology |publisher=Lippincott Williams & Wilkins |location=Hagerstwon, MD |year=1999 |pages=123 |isbn=0-7817-2168-7 }}</ref> |
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[[File:Phonocardiograms from normal and abnormal heart sounds.png|thumb|[[Phonocardiogram |
[[File:Phonocardiograms from normal and abnormal heart sounds.png|thumb|[[Phonocardiogram]]s (also known as auscultograms) of common [[heart murmur]]s.]] |
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{{See also|phonocardiogram}} |
{{See also|phonocardiogram}} |
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== Mediate and immediate auscultation == |
== Mediate and immediate auscultation == |
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| ⚫ | |||
[[File:Laennec - Théobald Chartran.jpg|thumb|[[René Laennec|Laennec]] auscultates a patient before his students.]] |
[[File:Laennec - Théobald Chartran.jpg|thumb|[[René Laennec|Laennec]] auscultates a patient before his students.]] |
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== Doppler auscultation == |
== Doppler auscultation == |
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| ⚫ | It was demonstrated in the 2000s that Doppler auscultation using a handheld [[Doppler ultrasonography#Blood vessels|ultrasound transducer]] enables the auscultation of valvular movements and blood flow sounds that are undetected during cardiac examination with a stethoscope. The Doppler auscultation presented a sensitivity of 84% for the detection of [[aortic regurgitation]]s, while classic stethoscope auscultation presented a sensitivity of 58%. Moreover, Doppler auscultation was superior in the detection of impaired ventricular relaxation. Since the physics of Doppler auscultation and classic auscultation are different, it has been suggested that both methods could complement each other.<ref>{{cite journal |vauthors=Mc Loughlin MJ, Mc Loughlin S | year = 2012 | title = Cardiac auscultation: Preliminary findings of a pilot study using continuous Wave Doppler and comparison with classic auscultation | journal = Int J Cardiol | volume = 167| issue = 2 | pages = 590–591| doi = 10.1016/j.ijcard.2012.09.223 | pmid = 23117017 }}</ref><ref>{{cite book |author=McLoughlin, Mario Jorge |author2=McLoughlin, Santiago|title=Cardiac Auscultation With Continuous Wave Doppler Stethoscope: A new method 200 years after Laennec's invention|publisher=Mario J Mc Loughlin|edition=1|date=5 January 2013|language=en|url=https://www.amazon.com/Cardiac-Auscultation-Continuous-Doppler-Stethoscope-ebook/dp/B00AXFB2IG/}}</ref>{{page needed|date=July 2017}} |
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[[File:Doppler Demo.jpg|thumb|A student using a handheld doppler to listen to her own heart]] |
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| ⚫ | It was demonstrated in the 2000s that Doppler auscultation using a handheld [[Doppler ultrasonography#Blood vessels|ultrasound transducer]] enables the auscultation of valvular movements and blood flow sounds that are undetected during cardiac examination with a stethoscope. The Doppler auscultation presented a sensitivity of 84% for the detection of [[aortic regurgitation]]s, while classic stethoscope auscultation presented a sensitivity of 58%. Moreover, Doppler auscultation was superior in the detection of impaired ventricular relaxation. Since the physics of Doppler auscultation and classic auscultation are different, it has been suggested that both methods could complement each other.<ref>{{cite journal |vauthors=Mc Loughlin MJ, Mc Loughlin S | year = 2012 | title = Cardiac auscultation: Preliminary findings of a pilot study using continuous Wave Doppler and comparison with classic auscultation | journal = Int J Cardiol | volume = 167| pages = 590–591| doi = 10.1016/j.ijcard.2012.09.223 }}</ref><ref>{{cite book |author=McLoughlin, Mario Jorge |author2=McLoughlin, Santiago|title=Cardiac Auscultation With Continuous Wave Doppler Stethoscope: A new method 200 years after |
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==See also== |
==See also== |
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==External links== |
==External links== |
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{{Commons category}} |
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{{Commonscat}} |
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{{EB9 Poster|Auscultation}} |
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{{AmCyc Poster|Auscultation}} |
{{AmCyc Poster|Auscultation}} |
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{{Wiktionary|auscultare}} |
{{Wiktionary|auscultare}} |
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*[http://www.med.ucla.edu/wilkes/intro.html The Auscultation Assistant], - "provides heart sounds, heart murmurs, and breath sounds in order to help medical students and others improve their physical diagnosis skills" |
* [http://www.med.ucla.edu/wilkes/intro.html The Auscultation Assistant] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120606134941/http://www.med.ucla.edu/wilkes/intro.html |date=2012-06-06 }}, - "provides heart sounds, heart murmurs, and breath sounds in order to help medical students and others improve their physical diagnosis skills" |
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*[https://web.archive.org/web/20100112111621/http://www.mediscuss.org/content/respiratory-auscultation-tips-audio-mp3-examples-71.html MEDiscuss] - Respiratory auscultation with audio examples |
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20100112111621/http://www.mediscuss.org/content/respiratory-auscultation-tips-audio-mp3-examples-71.html MEDiscuss] - Respiratory auscultation with audio examples |
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*[https://web.archive.org/web/20070829110332/http://www.blaufuss.org/ Blaufuss Multimedia] - Heart Sounds and Cardiac Arrhythmias |
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20070829110332/http://www.blaufuss.org/ Blaufuss Multimedia] - Heart Sounds and Cardiac Arrhythmias |
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*[http://www.forusdocs.com/reviews/Acoustic_Stethoscope_Review.htm Independent Stethoscope Review] - Comparative review of stethoscopes, including frequency response graphs. |
* [http://www.forusdocs.com/reviews/Acoustic_Stethoscope_Review.htm Independent Stethoscope Review] - Comparative review of stethoscopes, including frequency response graphs. |
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*[http://www.practicalclinicalskills.com/ Auscultation Lessons and Reference Guide] - Compilation of 100+ Heart and Lung Sounds and Phonocardiograms |
* [http://www.practicalclinicalskills.com/ Auscultation Lessons and Reference Guide] - Compilation of 100+ Heart and Lung Sounds and Phonocardiograms |
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*[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tnUnllH7kHM/Continuous Wave Doppler Auscultation] - Cardiac Continuous Wave Doppler audio and video examples |
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tnUnllH7kHM/Continuous Wave Doppler Auscultation] - Cardiac Continuous Wave Doppler audio and video examples |
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{{Physical exam}} |
{{Physical exam}} |
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Latest revision as of 07:23, 23 March 2024
| Auscultation | |
|---|---|
 A doctor auscultating a patient's abdomen | |
| MeSH | D001314 |
| MedlinePlus | 002226 |
Auscultation (based on the Latin verb auscultare "to listen") is listening to the internal sounds of the body, usually using a stethoscope. Auscultation is performed for the purposes of examining the circulatory and respiratory systems (heart and breath sounds), as well as the alimentary canal.
The term was introduced by René Laennec. The act of listening to body sounds for diagnostic purposes has its origin further back in history, possibly as early as Ancient Egypt. Auscultation and palpation go together in physical examination and are alike in that both have ancient roots, both require skill, and both are still important today. Laënnec's contributions were refining the procedure, linking sounds with specific pathological changes in the chest, and inventing a suitable instrument (the stethoscope) to mediate between the patient's body and the clinician's ear.
Auscultation is a skill that requires substantial clinical experience, a fine stethoscope and good listening skills. Health professionals (doctors, nurses, etc.) listen to three main organs and organ systems during auscultation: the heart, the lungs, and the gastrointestinal system. When auscultating the heart, doctors listen for abnormal sounds, including heart murmurs, gallops, and other extra sounds coinciding with heartbeats. Heart rate is also noted. When listening to lungs, breath sounds such as wheezes, crepitations and crackles are identified. The gastrointestinal system is auscultated to note the presence of bowel sounds.
Electronic stethoscopes can be recording devices, and can provide noise reduction and signal enhancement. This is helpful for purposes of telemedicine (remote diagnosis) and teaching. This opened the field to computer-aided auscultation. Ultrasonography (US) inherently provides capability for computer-aided auscultation, and portable US, especially portable echocardiography, replaces some stethoscope auscultation (especially in cardiology), although not nearly all of it (stethoscopes are still essential in basic checkups, listening to bowel sounds, and other primary care contexts).
Auscultogram
[edit]The sounds of auscultation can be depicted using symbols to produce an auscultogram. It is used in cardiology training.[1]
Mediate and immediate auscultation
[edit]
Mediate auscultation is an antiquated medical term for listening (auscultation) to the internal sounds of the body using an instrument (mediate), usually a stethoscope. It is opposed to immediate auscultation, directly placing the ear on the body.
Doppler auscultation
[edit]It was demonstrated in the 2000s that Doppler auscultation using a handheld ultrasound transducer enables the auscultation of valvular movements and blood flow sounds that are undetected during cardiac examination with a stethoscope. The Doppler auscultation presented a sensitivity of 84% for the detection of aortic regurgitations, while classic stethoscope auscultation presented a sensitivity of 58%. Moreover, Doppler auscultation was superior in the detection of impaired ventricular relaxation. Since the physics of Doppler auscultation and classic auscultation are different, it has been suggested that both methods could complement each other.[2][3][page needed]
See also
[edit]- Breath sounds
- Heart sounds
- Intestinal sound
- Palpation, the practice of examining a patient through the use of hands
- Percussion (medicine)
- Pericardial friction rub
- Triangle of auscultation
References
[edit]- ^ Constant, Jules (1999). Bedside cardiology. Hagerstwon, MD: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. p. 123. ISBN 0-7817-2168-7.
- ^ Mc Loughlin MJ, Mc Loughlin S (2012). "Cardiac auscultation: Preliminary findings of a pilot study using continuous Wave Doppler and comparison with classic auscultation". Int J Cardiol. 167 (2): 590–591. doi:10.1016/j.ijcard.2012.09.223. PMID 23117017.
- ^ McLoughlin, Mario Jorge; McLoughlin, Santiago (5 January 2013). Cardiac Auscultation With Continuous Wave Doppler Stethoscope: A new method 200 years after Laennec's invention (1 ed.). Mario J Mc Loughlin.
External links
[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Auscultation.
Look up auscultare in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.
- The Auscultation Assistant Archived 2012-06-06 at the Wayback Machine, - "provides heart sounds, heart murmurs, and breath sounds in order to help medical students and others improve their physical diagnosis skills"
- MEDiscuss - Respiratory auscultation with audio examples
- Blaufuss Multimedia - Heart Sounds and Cardiac Arrhythmias
- Independent Stethoscope Review - Comparative review of stethoscopes, including frequency response graphs.
- Auscultation Lessons and Reference Guide - Compilation of 100+ Heart and Lung Sounds and Phonocardiograms
- Wave Doppler Auscultation - Cardiac Continuous Wave Doppler audio and video examples
