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{{Short description|English theologian and mathematician}} |
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{{Infobox scientist |
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|name = William George Ward |
|name = William George Ward |
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==Life== |
==Life== |
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He was the son of [[William Ward (cricketer)|William Ward]] and Emily Combe.<ref>{{cite DNB|wstitle=Ward, William (1787-1849)}}</ref> He was educated at [[Winchester College]]<ref>{{DNB|prescript=|wstitle=Ward, William George}}; [[John Firth (cricketer)|J. D'E. E. Firth]], Winchester College.</ref> and went up to [[Christ Church, Oxford]], in 1830, but his father's financial difficulties forced him in 1833 to try for a scholarship at [[Lincoln College, Oxford|Lincoln College]], which he succeeded in obtaining. Ward had a gift for [[pure mathematics]] but for history, [[applied mathematics]] or anything outside the exact sciences, he felt contempt. He was endowed with a strong sense of humour and a love of [[paradox]] carried to an extreme. His examination for mathematical honours exhibited some of the peculiarities of his character and mental powers. Four out of his five papers on applied mathematics were sent up absolutely blank. Honours, however, were not refused him, and in 1834 he obtained an open fellowship at [[Balliol College, Oxford|Balliol]]. |
He was the son of [[William Ward (cricketer, born 1787)|William Ward]] and Emily Combe.<ref>{{cite DNB|wstitle=Ward, William (1787-1849)}}</ref> He was educated at [[Winchester College]]<ref>{{DNB|prescript=|wstitle=Ward, William George}}; [[John Firth (cricketer)|J. D'E. E. Firth]], Winchester College.</ref> and went up to [[Christ Church, Oxford]], in 1830, but his father's financial difficulties forced him in 1833 to try for a scholarship at [[Lincoln College, Oxford|Lincoln College]], which he succeeded in obtaining. Ward had a gift for [[pure mathematics]] but for history, [[applied mathematics]] or anything outside the exact sciences, he felt contempt. He was endowed with a strong sense of humour and a love of [[paradox]] carried to an extreme. His examination for mathematical honours exhibited some of the peculiarities of his character and mental powers. Four out of his five papers on applied mathematics were sent up absolutely blank. Honours, however, were not refused him, and in 1834 he obtained an open fellowship at [[Balliol College, Oxford|Balliol]]. |
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In the previous year the [[tractarianism|Tractarian movement]] had been launched: Ward was attracted to it by his hatred of moderation and what he called "respectability". He was repelled by the conception he had formed of [[John Henry Newman]], whom he regarded as a mere antiquary. When, however, he was at length persuaded by a friend to go and hear Newman preach, he at once became a disciple. But he had, as Newman afterwards said of him, "struck into the movement at an angle." He had no taste for historical investigations. He treated the question at issue as one of pure [[logic]]: disliking the Reformers, the right of private judgment which [[Protestant]]s claimed, and the somewhat prosaic uniformity of the English Church, he flung himself into a |
In the previous year the [[tractarianism|Tractarian movement]] had been launched: Ward was attracted to it by his hatred of moderation and what he called "respectability". He was repelled by the conception he had formed of [[John Henry Newman]], whom he regarded as a mere antiquary. When, however, he was at length persuaded by a friend to go and hear Newman preach, he at once became a disciple. But he had, as Newman afterwards said of him, "struck into the movement at an angle." He had no taste for historical investigations. He treated the question at issue as one of pure [[logic]]: disliking the Reformers, the right of private judgment which [[Protestant]]s claimed, and the somewhat prosaic uniformity of the English Church, he flung himself into a campaign against [[Protestantism]] in general and the [[Anglican]] form of it in particular. He nevertheless took deacon's orders in 1838 and priest's orders in 1840.<ref name=Aveling>[http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/15552c.htm Aveling, Francis. "William George Ward." The Catholic Encyclopedia] Vol. 15. New York: Robert Appleton Company, 1912. 6 June 2019{{PD-notice}}</ref> |
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[[File:Bust of Ward by Raggi.jpg|thumb|220px|Bust of Ward, by [[Mario Raggi]].]] |
[[File:Bust of Ward by Raggi.jpg|thumb|220px|Bust of Ward, by [[Mario Raggi]].]] |
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In 1839 Ward became |
In 1839 Ward became a writer for the ''[[British Critic]]'', the organ of the Tractarian party, and he excited suspicion among the adherents of the party by his violent denunciations of the Anglican Church, to which he still belonged. In 1841 he urged the publication of the celebrated ''[[Tract 90]]'', and wrote in defence of it. From that period Ward and his associates worked undisguisedly for union with the Roman Catholic Church, and in 1844 he published his ''Ideal of a Christian Church'', in which he openly contended that the only hope for the [[Church of England]] lay in submission to the Church of Rome. This publication brought to a height the storm which had long been gathering. The [[University of Oxford]] was invited, on 13 February 1845, to condemn ''[[Tract 90]]'', to censure the ''Ideal'', and to deprive Ward from his degrees. The two latter propositions were carried with Ward being deprived of his tutorship<ref name=Aveling/> and ''[[Tract 90]]'' only escaped censure by the ''non-placet'' of the proctors, Guillemard and Church. |
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Ward left the Church of England in September 1845, and was followed by many others, including [[John Henry Newman|Newman]] himself. After his reception into the Church |
Ward left the Church of England in September 1845, and was followed by many others, including [[John Henry Newman|Newman]] himself. After his reception into the Catholic Church, Ward devoted himself to ethics, [[metaphysics]] and [[moral philosophy]]. After his conversion he married, and for a time had to struggle with poverty. But his circumstances slowly improved. In 1851 he became professor of moral philosophy at [[St Edmund's College (Ware)|St Edmund's College]], [[Ware, Hertfordshire|Ware]], and the following year he was appointed to the chair of dogmatic theology.<ref name=Aveling/> |
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==''Dublin Review''== |
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In 1851 he became professor of moral philosophy at [[St Edmund's College (Ware)|St Edmund's College]], [[Ware, Hertfordshire|Ware]], and the following year he was appointed to the chair of dogmatic theology. In 1863 he became editor of the [[Dublin Review (Catholic periodical)|Dublin Review]] (1863–1878). He supported the promulgation of the [[dogma]] of [[Papal Infallibility]] in 1870. After his admission into the Roman Catholic Church he had married, and for a time had to struggle with poverty. But his circumstances later improved. |
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{{further|Dublin Review (Catholic periodical)}} |
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Ward wrote articles on [[free will]], the philosophy of [[theism]], on science, prayer and miracles for the ''Dublin Review''. In 1863 he became editor of the [[Dublin Review (Catholic periodical)|Dublin Review]] (1863–1878). He took over as editor in July 1863, deferring editorial decisions on politics, history, or literature to sub-editors. He was an opponent of Liberal Catholicism and defender of papal authority, and attacked the views of [[Charles Forbes René de Montalembert]] and [[Ignaz von Döllinger]].<ref name=Houghton>[https://books.google.com/books?id=HhPG4Hm97mkC&pg=PA11 Houghton, Walter E., "The Dublin Review", ''The Wellesley Index to Victorian Periodicals 1824-1900'', Routledge, 2013, p. 15] {{ISBN|9781135795504}}</ref> He supported the promulgation of the [[dogma]] of [[Papal Infallibility]] in 1870. He also dealt with the condemnation of [[Pope Honorius I]], carried on a controversial correspondence with [[John Stuart Mill]], and took a leading part in the discussions of the [[Metaphysical Society]].<ref>Hutton, R.H. (1885). [https://archive.org/stream/twentiethcentury18londuoft#page/176/mode/2up "The Metaphysical Society: A Reminiscence"], ''The Nineteenth Century'', Vol. XVIII, No. 102, pp. 177–196.</ref> |
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==Family== |
==Family== |
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Ward was the grandnephew of [[Robert Plumer Ward]], the nephew of Sir [[Henry George Ward]], and the son of [[William Ward (cricketer)|William Ward]]. |
Ward was the grandnephew of [[Robert Plumer Ward]], the nephew of Sir [[Henry George Ward]], and the son of [[William Ward (cricketer, born 1787)|William Ward]]. |
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He was the father of Newman's biographer, [[Wilfrid Philip Ward]]; a grandfather of Father Leo Ward,<ref>Not to be confused with Leo L. Ward, [[Congregation of |
He was the father of Newman's biographer, [[Wilfrid Philip Ward]]; a grandfather of Father Leo Ward,<ref>Not to be confused with Leo L. Ward, [[Congregation of Holy Cross|CSC]], or Leo R. Ward, CSC, both of whom taught at the [[University of Notre Dame]]; the three Fathers Ward are mentioned in "My Fifty Years at Notre Dame" by Leo R. Ward, C.S.C. http://archives.nd.edu/research/texts/ward/ward09.htm</ref> a missionary in Japan<ref>[https://archive.org/stream/japanchristian37unknuoft/japanchristian37unknuoft_djvu.txt Rev. Leo Ward, "The Roman Catholic Church in 1938", Chapter XXI in ''The Japan Christian Year Book for 1939'']</ref> and co-founder of [[Sheed & Ward]], and of Leo's sister, the writer and publisher [[Maisie Ward]]; and a great-grandfather of the translator Rosemary Sheed,<ref>[[Carlos Marighella|Marighella, Carlos]] (1971), ''[[For the Liberation of Brazil]]'', translated by John Butt and Rosemary Sheed, London: Penguin.</ref> and of Rosemary's brother, the novelist [[Wilfrid Sheed]].<ref>Wilfrid Sheed (1985), ''Frank and Maisie: A Memoir with Parents.'' New York: Simon & Schuster.</ref> His daughter was professed as a Benedictine nun and became Lady Abbess of [[Oulton Abbey]], Staffordshire. |
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==Works== |
==Works== |
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* ''The Ideal of a Christian Church'' (1844) |
* ''[https://archive.org/details/idealofchristian00warduoft The Ideal of a Christian Church]'' (1844) |
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* ''The Anglican Establishment Contrasted'' (1850) |
* ''The Anglican Establishment Contrasted'' (1850) |
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* ''Heresy and Immortality'' (1851) |
* ''Heresy and Immortality'' (1851) |
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* ''On Nature and Grace'' ( |
* ''[https://archive.org/details/a613333500warduoft On Nature and Grace: A Theological Treatise]'' (1860) |
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* ''The Relation of Intellectual Power to Man's True Perfection'' (1862) |
* ''[https://archive.org/details/a628783600warduoft The Relation of Intellectual Power to Man's True Perfection]'' (1862) |
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* ''[https://archive.org/details/TheAuthorityOfDoctrinalDecisions The Authority of Doctrinal Decisions Which are not Definitions of Faith, Considered in a Short Series of Essays Reprinted from "The Dublin Review"]'' (1866) |
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* ''De Infallibilitatis Extensione'' (1869) |
* ''De Infallibilitatis Extensione'' (1869) |
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* ''Essays on Devotional and Scriptural Subjects'' (1879) |
* ''[https://archive.org/details/a612604500warduoft Essays on Devotional and Scriptural Subjects]'' (1879) |
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* ''The Condemnation of Pope Honorius'' (1879) |
* ''[https://archive.org/details/a636943400warduoft The Condemnation of Pope Honorius]'' (1879) |
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* ''Essays on the Church's Doctrinal Authority'' (1880). |
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* ''Essays on the |
* ''[https://archive.org/details/a612607900warduoft Essays on the Church's Doctrinal Authority]'' (1880) |
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* ''Essays on the Philosophy of Theism [https://archive.org/details/essaysonphilosop01warduoft Vol. 1] [https://archive.org/details/essaysonphilosop02warduoft Vol. 2]'' (1884) |
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'''Selected articles''' |
'''Selected articles''' |
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* [http://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=coo.31924065577334;view=1up;seq=106 "Irish Writers on University Education,"] ''The Dublin Review,'' Vol. LIX (1866). |
* [http://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=coo.31924065577334;view=1up;seq=106 "Irish Writers on University Education,"] ''The Dublin Review,'' Vol. LIX (1866). |
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* [http://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=mdp.39015030578242;view=1up;seq=158 "Dr. Pusey on Marian Devotion,"] ''The Dublin Review,'' Vol. LIX (1866). |
* [http://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=mdp.39015030578242;view=1up;seq=158 "Dr. Pusey on Marian Devotion,"] ''The Dublin Review,'' Vol. LIX (1866). |
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* [http://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=coo.31924065577334;view=1up;seq= |
* [http://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=coo.31924065577334;view=1up;seq=436 "Pius IX. and the 'Civiltà Cattolica',"] ''The Dublin Review,'' Vol. LIX (1866). |
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* [http://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=coo.31924065577268;view=1up;seq=184 "Two Criticisms on the Dublin Review,"] ''The Dublin Review,'' Vol. LX (1867). |
* [http://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=coo.31924065577268;view=1up;seq=184 "Two Criticisms on the Dublin Review,"] ''The Dublin Review,'' Vol. LX (1867). |
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* [http://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=coo.31924065577268;view=1up;seq=277 "Science, Prayer, Free Will and Miracles,"] ''The Dublin Review,'' Vol. LX (1867). |
* [http://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=coo.31924065577268;view=1up;seq=277 "Science, Prayer, Free Will and Miracles,"] ''The Dublin Review,'' Vol. LX (1867). |
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* {{Internet Archive author |sname=William George Ward |sopt=t}} |
* {{Internet Archive author |sname=William George Ward |sopt=t}} |
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* [http://catalog.hathitrust.org/Search/Home?lookfor=%22Ward,%20William%20George,%201812-1882.%22&type=author&inst= Works by William George Ward], at [[Hathi Trust]] |
* [http://catalog.hathitrust.org/Search/Home?lookfor=%22Ward,%20William%20George,%201812-1882.%22&type=author&inst= Works by William George Ward], at [[Hathi Trust]] |
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* [ |
* [https://www.europeana.eu/portal/search.html?query=who%3a%28William%20George%20Ward%29&rows=24 Works by William George Ward], at [[Europeana]] |
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* {{OL author|2005994A}} |
* {{OL author|2005994A}} |
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* {{Goodreads author|3247027}} |
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{{Authority control}} |
{{Authority control}} |
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[[Category:English Roman Catholics]] |
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[[Category:English Roman Catholic writers]] |
[[Category:English Roman Catholic writers]] |
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[[Category:People educated at Winchester College]] |
[[Category:People educated at Winchester College]] |
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[[Category:Roman Catholic theologians]] |
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[[Category:Presidents of the Oxford Union]] |
Revision as of 15:29, 14 March 2024
William George Ward | |
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Born | London | 21 March 1812
Died | 6 July 1882 Hampstead, London | (aged 70)
Alma mater | Balliol College, Oxford |
Scientific career | |
Fields | Mathematics and Theology |
Institutions | St. Edmund's College |
William George Ward (21 March 1812 – 6 July 1882) was an English theologian and mathematician. A Roman Catholic convert, his career illustrates the development of religious opinion at a time of crisis in the history of English religious thought.
Life
He was the son of William Ward and Emily Combe.[1] He was educated at Winchester College[2] and went up to Christ Church, Oxford, in 1830, but his father's financial difficulties forced him in 1833 to try for a scholarship at Lincoln College, which he succeeded in obtaining. Ward had a gift for pure mathematics but for history, applied mathematics or anything outside the exact sciences, he felt contempt. He was endowed with a strong sense of humour and a love of paradox carried to an extreme. His examination for mathematical honours exhibited some of the peculiarities of his character and mental powers. Four out of his five papers on applied mathematics were sent up absolutely blank. Honours, however, were not refused him, and in 1834 he obtained an open fellowship at Balliol.
In the previous year the Tractarian movement had been launched: Ward was attracted to it by his hatred of moderation and what he called "respectability". He was repelled by the conception he had formed of John Henry Newman, whom he regarded as a mere antiquary. When, however, he was at length persuaded by a friend to go and hear Newman preach, he at once became a disciple. But he had, as Newman afterwards said of him, "struck into the movement at an angle." He had no taste for historical investigations. He treated the question at issue as one of pure logic: disliking the Reformers, the right of private judgment which Protestants claimed, and the somewhat prosaic uniformity of the English Church, he flung himself into a campaign against Protestantism in general and the Anglican form of it in particular. He nevertheless took deacon's orders in 1838 and priest's orders in 1840.[3]
In 1839 Ward became a writer for the British Critic, the organ of the Tractarian party, and he excited suspicion among the adherents of the party by his violent denunciations of the Anglican Church, to which he still belonged. In 1841 he urged the publication of the celebrated Tract 90, and wrote in defence of it. From that period Ward and his associates worked undisguisedly for union with the Roman Catholic Church, and in 1844 he published his Ideal of a Christian Church, in which he openly contended that the only hope for the Church of England lay in submission to the Church of Rome. This publication brought to a height the storm which had long been gathering. The University of Oxford was invited, on 13 February 1845, to condemn Tract 90, to censure the Ideal, and to deprive Ward from his degrees. The two latter propositions were carried with Ward being deprived of his tutorship[3] and Tract 90 only escaped censure by the non-placet of the proctors, Guillemard and Church.
Ward left the Church of England in September 1845, and was followed by many others, including Newman himself. After his reception into the Catholic Church, Ward devoted himself to ethics, metaphysics and moral philosophy. After his conversion he married, and for a time had to struggle with poverty. But his circumstances slowly improved. In 1851 he became professor of moral philosophy at St Edmund's College, Ware, and the following year he was appointed to the chair of dogmatic theology.[3]
Dublin Review
Ward wrote articles on free will, the philosophy of theism, on science, prayer and miracles for the Dublin Review. In 1863 he became editor of the Dublin Review (1863–1878). He took over as editor in July 1863, deferring editorial decisions on politics, history, or literature to sub-editors. He was an opponent of Liberal Catholicism and defender of papal authority, and attacked the views of Charles Forbes René de Montalembert and Ignaz von Döllinger.[4] He supported the promulgation of the dogma of Papal Infallibility in 1870. He also dealt with the condemnation of Pope Honorius I, carried on a controversial correspondence with John Stuart Mill, and took a leading part in the discussions of the Metaphysical Society.[5]
Family
Ward was the grandnephew of Robert Plumer Ward, the nephew of Sir Henry George Ward, and the son of William Ward.
He was the father of Newman's biographer, Wilfrid Philip Ward; a grandfather of Father Leo Ward,[6] a missionary in Japan[7] and co-founder of Sheed & Ward, and of Leo's sister, the writer and publisher Maisie Ward; and a great-grandfather of the translator Rosemary Sheed,[8] and of Rosemary's brother, the novelist Wilfrid Sheed.[9] His daughter was professed as a Benedictine nun and became Lady Abbess of Oulton Abbey, Staffordshire.
Works
- The Ideal of a Christian Church (1844)
- The Anglican Establishment Contrasted (1850)
- Heresy and Immortality (1851)
- On Nature and Grace: A Theological Treatise (1860)
- The Relation of Intellectual Power to Man's True Perfection (1862)
- The Authority of Doctrinal Decisions Which are not Definitions of Faith, Considered in a Short Series of Essays Reprinted from "The Dublin Review" (1866)
- De Infallibilitatis Extensione (1869)
- Essays on Devotional and Scriptural Subjects (1879)
- The Condemnation of Pope Honorius (1879)
- Essays on the Church's Doctrinal Authority (1880)
- Essays on the Philosophy of Theism Vol. 1 Vol. 2 (1884)
Selected articles
- "Intrinsic End of Civil Government," The Dublin Review, Vol. LIII (1863).
- "The Dogmatic Principle," The Dublin Review, Vol. LIII (1863).
- "The 'Union' Movement," The Dublin Review, Vol. LIV (1864).
- "Rome and the Munich Congress," The Dublin Review, Vol. LV (1864).
- "The University Question," The Dublin Review, Vol. LVI (1865).
- "The Encyclical and Syllabus," The Dublin Review, Vol. LVI (1865).
- "Public School Education," The Dublin Review, Vol. LVII (1865).
- "Rome, Unionism, and Indifferentism," The Dublin Review, Vol. LVII (1865).
- "Mr. Oxenham and the 'Dublin Review'," The Dublin Review, Vol. LVII (1865).
- "Doctrinal Decrees of a Pontifical Congregation: The Case of Galileo," The Dublin Review, Vol. LVII (1865).
- "Dr. Pusey's Apology for Anglicanism," The Dublin Review, Vol. LVIII (1866).
- "Dr. Pusey's Project of Union," The Dublin Review, Vol. LVIII (1866).
- "The Council of Florence," The Dublin Review, Vol. LVIII (1866).
- "Irish Writers on University Education," The Dublin Review, Vol. LIX (1866).
- "Dr. Pusey on Marian Devotion," The Dublin Review, Vol. LIX (1866).
- "Pius IX. and the 'Civiltà Cattolica'," The Dublin Review, Vol. LIX (1866).
- "Two Criticisms on the Dublin Review," The Dublin Review, Vol. LX (1867).
- "Science, Prayer, Free Will and Miracles," The Dublin Review, Vol. LX (1867).
- "Doctrinal Apostolic Letters," The Dublin Review, Vol. LXII (1868).
- "The Witness of Heretical Bodies to Mariology," The Dublin Review, Vol. LXII (1868).
- "The Irish Disestablishment," The Dublin Review, Vol. LXIII (1868).
- "Principles of Catholic Higher Education," The Dublin Review, Vol. LXIV (1869).
- "Catholic Controversy," The Dublin Review, Vol. LXV (1869).
- "Grignon de Monfort and his Devotion," The Dublin Review, Vol. LXVIII (1871).
- "The Definition of Papal Infallibility," The Dublin Review, Vol. LXVIII (1871).
- "Certitude in Religious Assent," The Dublin Review, Vol. LXVIII (1871).
- "Copernicanism and Pope Paul V," The Dublin Review, Vol. LXVIII (1871).
- "The Rule and Motive of Certitude," The Dublin Review, Vol. LXIX (1871).
- "Galileo and the Pontifical Congregations," The Dublin Review, Vol. LXIX (1871).
- "Mr. Mill's Denial of Necessary Truth," The Dublin Review, Vol. LXIX (1871).
- "Liberalism Religious and Ecclesiastical," The Dublin Review, Vol. LXX (1872).
- "Mr. Mill on the Foundation of Morality," The Dublin Review, Vol. LXX (1872).
- "Father Liberatore, Father Harper, and Lord Robert Montagu," The Dublin Review, Vol. LXX (1872).
- "Parliament and Catholic Education," The Dublin Review, Vol. LXX (1872).
- "The Priesthood in Irish Politics," The Dublin Review, Vol. LXXI (1872).
- "A Word on Classical Studies," The Dublin Review, Vol. LXXI (1872).
- "The Present Anglican Position," The Dublin Review, Vol. LXXI (1872).
- "The Labourers and Political Economy," The Dublin Review, Vol. LXXII (1873).
- "Irish Priests and Landlords," The Dublin Review, Vol. LXXII (1873).
- "A Few Words on Dr. Brownson's Philosophy," The Dublin Review, Vol. LXXVIII (1876).
- "Father O'Reilly on Society and the Church," The Dublin Review, Vol. LXXVIII (1876).
- "Tradition and Papal Infallibility," The Dublin Review, Vol. LXXVIII (1876).
- "Church and State," The Dublin Review, Vol. LXXVIII (1876).
- "Professor Mivart on the Rights of Conscience," The Dublin Review, Vol. LXXIX (1876).[10]
- "Cremation," The Dublin Review, Vol. LXXIX (1876).
- "Mr. Mill on Causation," The Dublin Review, Vol. LXXIX (1876).
- "Civil Intolerance of Religious Error: Professor Mivart on Liberty of Conscience," The Dublin Review, Vol. LXXX (1877).
- "Hergenröther on Church and State," The Dublin Review, Vol. LXXXI (1877).
- "Mr. Shadworth Hodgson on Free Will," The Dublin Review, Vol. LXXXVII (1880).
- "Philosophy of the Theistic Controversy," The Dublin Review, Vol. LXXXIX (1882).
See also
References
- ^ Dictionary of National Biography. London: Smith, Elder & Co. 1885–1900. .
- ^ "Ward, William George". Dictionary of National Biography. London: Smith, Elder & Co. 1885–1900. ; J. D'E. E. Firth, Winchester College.
- ^ a b c Aveling, Francis. "William George Ward." The Catholic Encyclopedia Vol. 15. New York: Robert Appleton Company, 1912. 6 June 2019 This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
- ^ Houghton, Walter E., "The Dublin Review", The Wellesley Index to Victorian Periodicals 1824-1900, Routledge, 2013, p. 15 ISBN 9781135795504
- ^ Hutton, R.H. (1885). "The Metaphysical Society: A Reminiscence", The Nineteenth Century, Vol. XVIII, No. 102, pp. 177–196.
- ^ Not to be confused with Leo L. Ward, CSC, or Leo R. Ward, CSC, both of whom taught at the University of Notre Dame; the three Fathers Ward are mentioned in "My Fifty Years at Notre Dame" by Leo R. Ward, C.S.C. http://archives.nd.edu/research/texts/ward/ward09.htm
- ^ Rev. Leo Ward, "The Roman Catholic Church in 1938", Chapter XXI in The Japan Christian Year Book for 1939
- ^ Marighella, Carlos (1971), For the Liberation of Brazil, translated by John Butt and Rosemary Sheed, London: Penguin.
- ^ Wilfrid Sheed (1985), Frank and Maisie: A Memoir with Parents. New York: Simon & Schuster.
- ^ Mivart, St. George Jackson (1876). "Liberty of Conscience," The Dublin Review, Vol. LXXIX, pp. 555–567.
- Herbermann, Charles, ed. (1913). Catholic Encyclopedia. New York: Robert Appleton Company. .
- Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). . Encyclopædia Britannica (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press.
Further reading
- Barry, William (1912). "The Centenary of William George Ward," The Dublin Review, Vol. CLI, pp. 1–24.
- Church, Richard William (1891). The Oxford Movement: Twelve Years, 1833–1845. London: Macmillan & Co.
- Hoppen, K. Theodore (1972). "W.G. Ward and Liberal Catholicism," The Journal of Ecclesiastical History, Vol. 23, pp. 323–344.
- Hoppen, K. Theodore (1976). "Church, State, and Ultramontanism in Mid-Victorian England: The Case of William George Ward," Journal of Church and State, Vol. 18, No. 2, pp. 289–309.
- Hutton, Richard Holt (1894). "William George Ward." In: Criticism on Contemporary Thought and Thinkers. London: Macmillan & Co., pp. 213–220.
- Manning, Henry Edward (1882). "William George Ward," The Dublin Review, Vol. 91, pp. 265–272 (rpt. Miscellanies, Vol. 3. London: Burns & Oates, 1888, pp. 177–188).
- Oxenham, Henry Nutcombe (1882). "William George Ward," The Saturday Review, Vol. 54, pp. 78–79.
- Rigg, James H. (1899). Oxford High Anglicanism. London: Charles H. Kelly.
- Scotti, Paschal (2006). "English Catholicism and the Dublin Review." In: Out of Due Time: Wilfrid Ward and the Dublin Review. Washington, DC: The Catholic University of America Press, pp. 29–56.
- Ward, Maisie (1934). The Wilfrid Wards and the Transition, Vol. 2. London: Sheed & Ward.
- Ward, Wilfrid Philip (1889). William George Ward and the Oxford Movement. London: Macmillan & Co.
- Ward, Wilfrid Philip (1893). William George Ward and the Catholic Revival. London: Macmillan & Co.
- Webb, Clement C.J. (1933). "Two Philosophers of the Oxford Movement," Philosophy, Vol. 8, No. 31, pp. 273–284.
- Wilberforce, Wilfrid (1894). "William George Ward," The Dublin Review, Vol. CXV, pp. 1–29.
External links
- 1812 births
- 1882 deaths
- 19th-century English Anglican priests
- Alumni of Lincoln College, Oxford
- Alumni of Christ Church, Oxford
- Anglican priest converts to Roman Catholicism
- Anglo-Catholic clergy
- English Anglo-Catholics
- English Roman Catholic writers
- People educated at Winchester College
- 19th-century British Roman Catholic theologians
- Presidents of the Oxford Union