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{{short description|Tincture of red in heraldry}}
{{for|the Turkish village|Güleş, Ardanuç}}
{{for|the Turkish village|Güleş, Ardanuç}}
{{Infobox heraldic tincture
{{Infobox heraldic tincture
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|class = Colour
|class = Colour
|non-heraldic_equivalent = [[Red]]
|non-heraldic_equivalent = [[Red]]
|hatching = {{Hatching/Gules}}
|hatching = {{Hatching colors|Gules}}
|hex = FF0000
|hex = FF0000
|tricking = g., Gu.
|tricking = g., gu.
|gemstone = [[Ruby]] {{cn|date=October 2018}}
|gemstone = [[Ruby]]
|planet = [[Mars]] {{cn|date=October 2018}}
|planet = [[Mars]]
}}
}}
In [[heraldry]], '''gules''' ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|ɡ|juː|l|z}}) is the [[tincture (heraldry)|tincture]] with the colour [[red]]. It is one of the class of five dark tinctures called "colours", the others being
In [[heraldry]], '''gules''' ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|ɡ|juː|l|z}}) is the [[tincture (heraldry)|tincture]] with the colour [[red]]. It is one of the class of five dark tinctures called "colours", the others being [[azure (heraldry)|azure (blue)]], [[sable (heraldry)|sable (black)]], [[vert (heraldry)|vert (green)]] and [[Purpure|purpure (purple)]].
[[azure (heraldry)|azure (blue)]], [[sable (heraldry)|sable (black)]], [[vert (heraldry)|vert (green)]] and [[Purpure|purpure (purple)]].


In [[engraving]], it is sometimes depicted by [[hatching (heraldry)|hatching]] of vertical lines. In "trick" or "tricking" (abbreviations written in areas to indicate their tinctures) it is marked with '''gu.'''.
Gules is portrayed in heraldic [[hatching (heraldry)|hatching]] by vertical lines, or indicated by the abbreviation g. or gu. when a coat of arms is [[Tricking|tricked]].

<!--
Sometimes, the different tinctures are said to be connected with special meanings or virtues, and represent certain elements and precious stones. Even if this is an idea mostly disregarded by serious heraldists throughout the centuries,<ref>{{cite book|first1= Thomas|last1= Woodcock|author-link1= Thomas Woodcock (officer of arms)|first2= John Martin|last2= Robinson|authorlink2= John Martin Robinson|title= The Oxford Guide to Heraldry|location= Oxford|year= 1988|publisher= [[Oxford University Press]]|isbn= 0-19-211658-4|page=53}}</ref>
-->


==Etymology==
==Etymology==
The term ''gules'' derives from the Middle English ''goules'', which itself is an [[Old French]] word meaning "neckpiece made of red fur". ''Goules'' is derived from the Old French ''gole'' or ''guele'', both of which mean "throat", which are ultimately derived from the Latin ''gula'', also meaning "throat". Gules is similar to the English word ''[[gullet]]''.<ref>{{OEtymD|gules}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/gules | title=Definition of GULES }}</ref> [[Arthur Charles Fox-Davies|A. C. Fox-Davies]] states that the term originates from the [[Persian language|Persian]] word {{wikt-lang|fa|گل}} {{transl|fa|gol}}, meaning "rose",<ref>''A Complete Guide to Heraldry'', by Arthur Charles Fox-Davies, p. 29</ref> but according to Brault there is no evidence to support this derivation.<ref>Brault, Gerard J. (1997). ''Early Blazon: Heraldic Terminology in the Twelfth and Thirteenth Centuries'', (2nd ed.). Woodbridge, UK: The Boydell Press. {{ISBN|0-85115-711-4}}.</ref>
⚫
{{Wiktionary}}
The term ''gules'' derives from the [[Old French]] word {{lang|fr|goules}}, literally "throats" (related to the English ''[[gullet]]''; modern French {{wikt-lang|fr|gueules}}), but also used to refer to a fur neckpiece, usually made of red fur.<ref>{{OEtymD|gules}}</ref>


The modern French spelling of the tincture is ''gueules''. Both ''gules'' and ''rojo'' are used for red in Spanish heraldry. In Portugal, red is known as ''vermelho'', and in Germany the colour is called ''rot''. In Dutch heraldry, the tincture is called ''keel''.
Some heraldic authors{{who}} believed that the term may have arisen from the [[Persian language|Persian]] word {{wikt-lang|fa|گل}} ({{transl|fa|gol}}, "rose", but according to Brault,<ref>Brault, Gerard J. (1997). ''Early Blazon: Heraldic Terminology in the Twelfth and Thirteenth Centuries'', (2nd ed.). Woodbridge, UK: The Boydell Press. {{ISBN|0-85115-711-4}}.</ref> there is no evidence to support this derivation.

==Poetic meanings==
Centuries ago, arms were often described poetically and the tinctures were associated with different gemstones, flowers and heavenly bodies. Gules usually represented the following:
* Of jewels, the [[ruby]]<ref name="parker">{{cite book|first= James|last= Parker|title= A Glossary of Terms Used in Heraldry|location= Oxford|year= 1894|publisher= [[Oxford University Press]]}}</ref>
* Of heavenly bodies, [[Mars]]<ref name="parker"/>


==Examples==
==Examples==
[[File:Maurice of Nassau arms.svg|thumb|upright|Different uses of the tincture ''gules'' shown in the [[Quartering (heraldry)|quartered]] coat of arms of [[Nassau-Dillenburg]] (attributed to [[Otto II of Nassau]], d. 1351):<br/><small>
[[File:Maurice of Nassau arms.svg|thumb|upright|Different uses of the tincture ''gules'' shown in the [[Quartering (heraldry)|quartered]] coat of arms of [[Nassau-Dillenburg]] (attributed to [[Otto II of Nassau]], d. 1351):<br /><small>
&nbsp;1. The [[House of Nassau|lion of Nassau]], ''Azure billetty or, a lion rampant of the last <u>armed and langued gules</u>'';<br/>
&nbsp;1. The [[House of Nassau|lion of Nassau]], ''Azure billetty or, a lion rampant of the last <u>armed and langued gules</u>'';<br />
&nbsp;2. [[County of Katzenelnbogen]], ''Or <u>a lion rampant guardant gules</u>, armed langued and crowned azure'';<br/>
&nbsp;2. [[County of Katzenelnbogen]], ''Or <u>a lion rampant guardant gules</u>, armed langued and crowned azure'';<br />
&nbsp;3. [[Vianden|County of Vianden]], ''<u>Gules</u>, a fess argent'';<br/>
&nbsp;3. [[Vianden|County of Vianden]], ''<u>Gules</u>, a fess argent'';<br />
&nbsp;4. [[Diez, Germany|County of Dietz]], ''<u>Gules</u>, two lions passants or armed and langued azure''</small>
&nbsp;4. [[Diez, Germany|County of Dietz]], ''<u>Gules</u>, two lions passants or armed and langued azure''</small>
]]
]]
⚫
Gules is the most widely used heraldic tincture. Through the sixteenth century, nearly half of all noble [[coat of arms|coats of arms]] in [[Polish heraldry|Poland]] had a field gules with one or more [[argent]] charges on them.{{citation needed|date=April 2019}}
Gules is the most widely used heraldic tincture.

⚫
Through the sixteenth century, nearly half of all noble [[coat of arms|coats of arms]] in [[Polish heraldry|Poland]] had a field gules with one or more [[argent]] charges on them.
Examples of coats of arms consisting of purely a red shield (blazoned ''gules plain'') include those of:
Examples of coats of arms consisting of purely a red shield (blazoned ''gules plain'') include those of the [[Albret|d'Albret]] family, the Rossi family, the Swiss [[canton of Schwyz]] (prior to 1815), and the old coats of arms of the cities of [[Nîmes]] and [[Montpellier]].
the [[Albret|d'Albret]] family, the Rossi family,
the Swiss [[canton of Schwyz]] (prior to 1815),
and the old coats of arms of the cities of [[Nîmes]] and [[Montpellier]].
<gallery>
<gallery>
File:Henry III, King of England, coat of arms (Royal MS 14 C VII, 100r).jpg|The Plantagenet coat of arms, ''gules three lions passants guardants or'' (''[[Historia Anglorum (Matthew Paris)|Historia Anglorum]]'' c. 1250), origin of the [[Royal Arms of England]]
File:Henry III, King of England, coat of arms (Royal MS 14 C VII, 100r).jpg|The Plantagenet coat of arms, ''gules three lions passants guardants or'', origin of the [[Royal Arms of England]]<ref>''[[Historia Anglorum (Matthew Paris)|Historia Anglorum]]'' c. 1250</ref>
File:Schweiz Schloss Chillon Wandwappen.jpg|Coat of arms of the [[House of Savoy]] ([[Chillon Castle]], c. 1500), ''gules a cross argent''
File:Schweiz Schloss Chillon Wandwappen.jpg|Coat of arms of the [[House of Savoy]], ''gules a cross argent''<ref>[[Chillon Castle]], c. 1500</ref>
File:Fl- 14v Livro do Armeiro-Mor, Rei da Escocia.jpg|The [[Royal Arms of Scotland]] (''Livro de Armerio-Mor'', c. 1509), '' Or a lion rampant Gules within a double tressure flory-counter-flory of the second''
File:Fl- 14v Livro do Armeiro-Mor, Rei da Escocia.jpg|The [[Royal Arms of Scotland]] '' Or a lion rampant Gules within a double tressure flory-counter-flory of the second''<ref>''Livro de Armerio-Mor'', c. 1509</ref>
File:WAF im Landesmuseum Zürich 26.jpg|[[Coat of arms of Schwyz]] ([[Wappenscheibe|stained glass]], 1573), ''gules plain''; the [[Juliusbanner]] with the ''[[Arma Christi]]'' inset is held by one of the supporters.
File:Coats of arms of the canton of Schwyz on stained-glass window.jpg|[[Coat of arms of Schwyz]] ([[Wappenscheibe|stained glass]], 1573), ''gules plain''; the [[Juliusbanner]] with the ''[[Arma Christi]]'' inset is held by one of the supporters.
File:Villingen, Franziskanermuseum, Wappenscheibe mit dem österr. Bindenschild, 1567, Inv. 11858.jpg|The [[Archduchy of Austria|Austrian]] ''Bindenschild'', ''gules a fess argent'', originally the [[Babenberg]] coat of arms; below the ''Bindenschild'' is a small coat of arms of the [[coat of arms of Vienna|city of Vienna]], ''gules a cross argent'' (stained glass, 1567)
File:Villingen, Franziskanermuseum, Wappenscheibe mit dem österr. Bindenschild, 1567, Inv. 11858.jpg|The [[Archduchy of Austria|Austrian]] ''Bindenschild'', ''gules a fess argent'', originally the [[Babenberg]] coat of arms. Below the ''Bindenschild'' is a small coat of arms of the [[coat of arms of Vienna|city of Vienna]], ''gules a cross argent'' <ref>Stained glass at the Franciscan Monastery Museum in Villingen-Schwenningen, 1567</ref>
File:Wolleber Chorographia Mh6-1 0567 Wappen.jpg|Coat of arms of the [[Kingdom of Poland (1025–1385)|Kingdom of Poland]] (''Chorographia Württemberg'', 1591, attributed to [[Casimir III the Great]]), ''Gules, an eagle argent, crowned or''
File:Wolleber Chorographia Mh6-1 0567 Wappen.jpg|Coat of arms of the [[Kingdom of Poland (1025–1385)|Kingdom of Poland]], ''Gules, an eagle argent, crowned or''<ref>''Chorographia Württemberg'', 1591, attributed to [[Casimir III the Great]]</ref>
File:Coat of arms - De gueules plain.png|Coat of arms of French ''Maison d'Albret. Gueules plain'' by contemporary heraldic artist Dario Scaricamazza.
</gallery>
</gallery>


==See also==
==See also==
*[[Polish heraldry]]
* [[Polish heraldry]]
*[[Cinnabar]]
* [[Cinnabar]]
*[[Murrey]]
* [[Murrey]]
*[[Sinople (heraldry)|Sinople]]
* [[Sinople (heraldry)|Sinople]]


==References==
==References==
<references/>
<references />


==External links==
==External links==
{{Commons category|Gules (heraldry)|Gules}}
*{{Commons category-inline|Gules (red in heraldry)|Gules}}
⚫
{{Wiktionary}}


{{tincture}}
{{Heraldry}}


[[Category:Colours (heraldry)]]
[[Category:Colours (heraldry)]]

Latest revision as of 11:00, 13 March 2024

For the Turkish village, see Güleş, Ardanuç.
Gules
 
ClassColour
Non-heraldic equivalentRed
Monochromatic designations
Hatching pattern 
Tricking abbr.g., gu.
Poetic designations
Heavenly bodyMars
JewelRuby

In heraldry, gules (/ˈɡjuːlz/) is the tincture with the colour red. It is one of the class of five dark tinctures called "colours", the others being azure (blue), sable (black), vert (green) and purpure (purple).

Gules is portrayed in heraldic hatching by vertical lines, or indicated by the abbreviation g. or gu. when a coat of arms is tricked.

Etymology

[edit]

The term gules derives from the Middle English goules, which itself is an Old French word meaning "neckpiece made of red fur". Goules is derived from the Old French gole or guele, both of which mean "throat", which are ultimately derived from the Latin gula, also meaning "throat". Gules is similar to the English word gullet.[1][2] A. C. Fox-Davies states that the term originates from the Persian word گل gol, meaning "rose",[3] but according to Brault there is no evidence to support this derivation.[4]

The modern French spelling of the tincture is gueules. Both gules and rojo are used for red in Spanish heraldry. In Portugal, red is known as vermelho, and in Germany the colour is called rot. In Dutch heraldry, the tincture is called keel.

Poetic meanings

[edit]

Centuries ago, arms were often described poetically and the tinctures were associated with different gemstones, flowers and heavenly bodies. Gules usually represented the following:

Examples

[edit]
Different uses of the tincture gules shown in the quartered coat of arms of Nassau-Dillenburg (attributed to Otto II of Nassau, d. 1351):
 1. The lion of Nassau, Azure billetty or, a lion rampant of the last armed and langued gules;
 2. County of Katzenelnbogen, Or a lion rampant guardant gules, armed langued and crowned azure;
 3. County of Vianden, Gules, a fess argent;
 4. County of Dietz, Gules, two lions passants or armed and langued azure

Gules is the most widely used heraldic tincture. Through the sixteenth century, nearly half of all noble coats of arms in Poland had a field gules with one or more argent charges on them.[citation needed]

Examples of coats of arms consisting of purely a red shield (blazoned gules plain) include those of the d'Albret family, the Rossi family, the Swiss canton of Schwyz (prior to 1815), and the old coats of arms of the cities of Nîmes and Montpellier.

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Harper, Douglas. "gules". Online Etymology Dictionary.
  2. ^ "Definition of GULES".
  3. ^ A Complete Guide to Heraldry, by Arthur Charles Fox-Davies, p. 29
  4. ^ Brault, Gerard J. (1997). Early Blazon: Heraldic Terminology in the Twelfth and Thirteenth Centuries, (2nd ed.). Woodbridge, UK: The Boydell Press. ISBN 0-85115-711-4.
  5. ^ a b Parker, James (1894). A Glossary of Terms Used in Heraldry. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  6. ^ Historia Anglorum c. 1250
  7. ^ Chillon Castle, c. 1500
  8. ^ Livro de Armerio-Mor, c. 1509
  9. ^ Stained glass at the Franciscan Monastery Museum in Villingen-Schwenningen, 1567
  10. ^ Chorographia Württemberg, 1591, attributed to Casimir III the Great
[edit]
  • Media related to Gules at Wikimedia Commons
Look up gules in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.
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