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{{Short description|Former RAF Station in Norfolk, England}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2013}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2020}}
{{Use British English|date=May 2013}}
{{Use British English|date=May 2013}}
{{Refimprove|date=February 2013}}
{{More citations needed|date=February 2013}}
{{Infobox military structure
{{Infobox military installation
|name= RAF Snetterton Heath<BR>USAAF Station 138
|name= RAF Snetterton Heath<br>USAAF Station 138
[[File:Ensign of the Royal Air Force.svg|90px]]
|ensign=[[File:Ensign of the Royal Air Force.svg|90px]] [[File:Eighth Air Force - Emblem (World War II).png|60px]]
⚫
|location= [[Attleborough]], [[Norfolk]]
[[File:Patch 8thUSAAF.png|60px]]
|country = England
⚫
|location= Located Near [[Attleborough]], [[Norfolk]], England
⚫
|image= Snettertonheath-5feb46.png
|coordinates=
|image_size= 300px
⚫
|image= [[File:Snettertonheath-5feb46.png|300px]]
|caption= Aerial Photo of Snetterton Heath Airfield - 5 February 1946
|caption= Aerial Photo of Snetterton Heath Airfield - 5 February 1946
|coordinates = {{coord|52.47|0.96|type:landmark|display=inline}}
|map_type = Norfolk
|map_type = Norfolk
|pushpin_label = RAF Snetterton Heath
|latitude = 52.47
|pushpin_label_position = none
|longitude = 0.96
|map_size =
|map_size =
|map_alt =
|map_alt =
|map_caption =Location in Norfolk
|map_caption =Location in Norfolk
|type= [[Royal Air Force station]]
|type= [[List of former Royal Air Force stations|Royal Air Force station]]
|code=SN
|code=SN
|built={{Start date|1942}}
|built={{Start date|1942}}
Line 26: Line 28:
|condition=
|condition=
|ownership=[[Air Ministry]]
|ownership=[[Air Ministry]]
|controlledby=[[File:Us army air corps shield.svg|20px]]&nbsp;[[United States Army Air Forces]]<BR>{{air force|United Kingdom}}
| operator = [[Royal Air Force]]<BR>[[United States Army Air Forces]]
|garrison=[[Eighth Air Force]]<BR>[[RAF Maintenance Command]]
| controlledby = [[Eighth Air Force]]<br>[[RAF Maintenance Command]]
⚫
| garrison = [[386th Air Expeditionary Wing#World War II|386th Bombardment Group (Medium)]]<br>&nbsp;[[96th Test Wing#World War II|96th Bombardment Group]]
|commanders=
⚫
|occupants=[[386th Air Expeditionary Wing#World War II|386th Bombardment Group (Medium)]]<BR>&nbsp;[[96th Test Wing#World War II|96th Bombardment Group]]
|battles= [[European Theatre of World War II]]<br />Air Offensive, Europe July 1942 - May 1945
|battles= [[European Theatre of World War II]]<br />Air Offensive, Europe July 1942 - May 1945
<!-- begin airfield information -->
| IATA =
| ICAO =
| FAA =
| TC =
| LID =
| GPS =
| WMO =
| elevation = <!-- {{Convert| |m|0}} -->
| r1-number = 00/00
| r1-length = {{Convert|1828|m|0}}
| r1-surface = Concrete
| r2-number = 00/00
| r2-length = {{Convert|1280|m|0}}
| r2-surface = Concrete
| r3-number = 00/00
| r3-length = {{Convert|1280|m|0}}
| r3-surface = Concrete
| h1-number =
| h1-length = <!-- {{Convert| |m|0}} -->
| h1-surface =
| airfield_other_label = <!-- for renaming "Other facilities" in infobox -->
| airfield_other = <!-- for other sorts of airfield facilities -->
<!-- end airfield information -->
}}
}}
[[File:96bg-b17-3.jpg|thumb|Lockheed/Vega B-17F-50-VE Fortress Serial 42-6153. This aircraft survived the war and was sent to RFC Kingman 30 October 1945.]]
[[File:Lockheed-Vega B-17F-50-VE Fortress 1945.jpg|thumb|Lockheed/Vega B-17F-50-VE Fortress Serial 42–6153. This aircraft survived the war and was sent to RFC Kingman 30 October 1945.]]
[[File:96bg-b17.jpg|thumb|Lockheed/Vega B-17G-20-VE Fortresss of the 413th Bomb Squadron. Serial 42-97627 is in foreground]]
[[File:96bg-b17.jpg|thumb|Lockheed/Vega B-17G-20-VE Fortress of the 413th Bomb Squadron. Serial 42-97627 is in foreground]]
[[File:96bs-b17-2.jpg|thumb|Boeing B-17G-70-BO Fortress Serial 43-37683 of the 339th Bomb Squadron.]]
[[File:B-17G-70-BO Fortress Serial 43-37683 in England, WW2.jpg|thumb|Boeing B-17G-70-BO Fortress Serial 43-37683 of the 339th Bomb Squadron.]]


'''Royal Air Force station Snetterton Heath''' or more simply '''RAF Snetterton Heath''' is a former [[Royal Air Force]] [[Royal Air Force station|station]] located south east of the [[A11 road (Great Britain)|A11]], {{Convert|6|mi}} south west of [[Attleborough]], [[Norfolk]], [[England]].
'''Royal Air Force Snetterton Heath''' or more simply '''RAF Snetterton Heath''' is a former [[Royal Air Force]] [[List of former Royal Air Force stations|station]] located south east of the [[A11 road (Great Britain)|A11]], {{Convert|6|mi}} south west of [[Attleborough]], [[Norfolk]], [[England]].


==History==
==History==


Snetterton Heath airfield was constructed by [[Taylor Woodrow]] Ltd., in 1942 at a cost of £950,000 to Class-A specifications. The main runway was 6,000&nbsp;feet long with two secondaries of 4,200&nbsp;feet each. Originally thirty-six hardstands of the "frying pan" type were constructed as when work started, the base was intended for [[Royal Air Force]] (RAF) use. When re-scheduled for the [[United States Army Air Forces]] (USAAF), the number was increased to fifty, all of them being on the south and eastern side of the airfield as a railway line and the A11 road restricted dispersed locations. Total area of concrete laid in its construction was 530,000 square yards with storage provided for 144,000 gallons of fuel.<ref name="Freeman2001p207">{{Harvnb|Freeman|2001|p=207.}}</ref>
Snetterton Heath airfield was constructed by [[Taylor Woodrow]] Ltd., in 1942 at a cost of £950,000 to Class-A specifications. The main runway was 6,000&nbsp;feet long with two secondaries of 4,200&nbsp;feet each. Originally thirty-six hardstands of the "frying pan" type were constructed as when work started, the base was intended for [[Royal Air Force]] (RAF) use. When rescheduled for the [[United States Army Air Forces]] (USAAF), the number was increased to fifty, all of them being on the south and eastern side of the airfield as a railway line and the A11 road restricted dispersed locations. Total area of concrete laid in its construction was 530,000 square yards with storage provided for 144,000 gallons of fuel.<ref name="Freeman2001p207">{{Harvnb|Freeman|2001|p=207.}}</ref>


===USAAF use===
===USAAF use===
The airfield was allocated for USAAF use in 1943.<ref name="Freeman2001p207"/> Its USAAF designation was Station 138, Station-ID "SN".<ref name="CT">{{cite web|url=http://www.controltowers.co.uk/S/Snetterton_Heath.htm |title=RAF Snetterton Heath airfield |publisher=Control Towers|accessdate=22 February 2013}}</ref> At one stage, it was planned to add an air depot, known as Eccles on the northern side of the airfield, access being across the A11. Four additional T-2 hangars were constructed on this site. Apparently a reduction in the number of heavy bombers being sent to the UK led to this depot becoming surplus to [[Eighth Air Force]] requirements and construction was stopped before all facilities were completed.<ref name="Freeman2001p207"/>
The airfield was allocated for USAAF use in 1943.<ref name="Freeman2001p207"/> Its USAAF designation was Station 138, Station-ID "SN".<ref name="CT">{{cite web|url=http://www.controltowers.co.uk/S/Snetterton_Heath.htm |title=RAF Snetterton Heath airfield |publisher=Control Towers|access-date=22 February 2013}}</ref> At one stage, it was planned to add an air depot, known as Eccles on the northern side of the airfield, access being across the A11. Four additional T-2 hangars were constructed on this site. Apparently a reduction in the number of heavy bombers being sent to the UK led to this depot becoming surplus to [[Eighth Air Force]] requirements and construction was stopped before all facilities were completed.<ref name="Freeman2001p207"/>


From 13 September 1943 though 18 June 1945, Snetterton Heath served as headquarters for the 45th Combat Bombardment Wing of the [[3rd Bomb Division]].<ref name="Maurer1980p391">{{Harvnb|Maurer|1980|p=391.}}</ref>
From 13 September 1943 though 18 June 1945, Snetterton Heath served as headquarters for the 45th Combat Bombardment Wing of the [[3rd Bomb Division]].<ref name="Maurer1980p391">{{Harvnb|Maurer|1980|p=391.}}</ref>


====386th Bombardment Group (Medium)====
====386th Bombardment Group (Medium)====
The airfield was used by the United States Army Air Forces [[Eighth Air Force]] [[386th Bombardment Group]] (Medium), which arrived at Snetterton Heath from [[Lake Charles Regional Airport|Lake Charles AAB]], [[Louisiana]] on 3 June 1943.<ref name="Maurer1980p274">{{Harvnb|Maurer|1980|p=274.}}</ref> The 386th Bomb Group was assigned to the 3rd Bombardment Wing{{Citation needed|date=February 2013}} and flew [[Martin B-26 Marauder|Martin B-26B/C Marauder]] twin-engine medium bombers.<ref name="Maurer1980p273">{{Harvnb|Maurer|1980|p=273.}}</ref>
The airfield was used by the United States Army Air Forces [[Eighth Air Force]] [[386th Bombardment Group]] (Medium), which arrived at Snetterton Heath from [[Lake Charles Regional Airport|Lake Charles AAB]], [[Louisiana]] on 3 June 1943.<ref name="Maurer1980p274">{{Harvnb|Maurer|1980|p=274.}}</ref> The 386th Bomb Group was assigned to the 3rd Bombardment Wing{{Citation needed|date=February 2013}} and flew [[Martin B-26 Marauder|Martin B-26B/C Marauder]] twin-engine medium bombers.<ref name="Maurer1980p273">{{Harvnb|Maurer|1980|p=273.}}</ref>


Its operational squadrons were:
Its operational squadrons were:

* [[552d Bombardment Squadron]]<ref name="Maurer1980p273"/> (RG){{Citation needed|date=February 2013}}
* [[552d Bombardment Squadron]]<ref name="Maurer1980p273"/> (RG){{Citation needed|date=February 2013}}
* [[553d Bombardment Squadron]]<ref name="Maurer1980p273"/> (AN){{Citation needed|date=February 2013}}
* [[553d Bombardment Squadron]]<ref name="Maurer1980p273"/> (AN){{Citation needed|date=February 2013}}
Line 57: Line 81:
* [[555th Bombardment Squadron]]<ref name="Maurer1980p273"/> (YA){{Citation needed|date=February 2013}}
* [[555th Bombardment Squadron]]<ref name="Maurer1980p273"/> (YA){{Citation needed|date=February 2013}}


The group remained at Snetterton Heath only a few days, being transferred to [[RAF Boxted]] on 10 June 1943 in north [[Essex]] where B-26 groups were to be established for operations.<ref name="Maurer1980p274">{{Harvnb|Maurer|1980|p=274.}}</ref>
The group remained at Snetterton Heath only a few days, being transferred to [[RAF Boxted]] on 10 June 1943 in north [[Essex]] where B-26 groups were to be established for operations.<ref name="Maurer1980p274"/>


====96th Bombardment Group (Heavy)====
====96th Bombardment Group (Heavy)====
The [[96th Bombardment Group]] (Heavy) arrived on 12 June 1943 from [[RAF Andrews Field]].<ref name="Maurer1980p166">{{Harvnb|Maurer|1980|p=166.}}</ref> The 96th was assigned to the 45th Combat Bombardment Wing (later, [[45th Air Division]]), and the group tail code was a "Square-C".<ref name="M8">{{cite web|title=96th Bombardment Group (Heavy)|url=http://mighty8thaf.preller.us/php/1Unit.php?Unitkey=96|publisher=Mighty 8th Cross-Reference|accessdate=21 February 2013}}</ref>
The [[96th Bombardment Group]] (Heavy) arrived on 12 June 1943 from [[RAF Andrews Field]].<ref name="Maurer1980p166">{{Harvnb|Maurer|1980|p=166.}}</ref> The 96th was assigned to the 45th Combat Bombardment Wing (later, [[45th Air Division]]), and the group tail code was a "Square-C".<ref name="M8">{{cite web|title=96th Bombardment Group (Heavy)|url=http://mighty8thaf.preller.us/php/1Unit.php?Unitkey=96|publisher=Mighty 8th Cross-Reference|access-date=21 February 2013}}</ref>

⚫
It's operational squadrons were: <ref name="M8"/>


⚫
Its operational squadrons were:<ref name="M8"/>
* [[337th Bombardment Squadron]] (AW)
* [[337th Bombardment Squadron]] (AW)
* [[338th Bombardment Squadron]] (BX)
* [[338th Bombardment Squadron]] (BX)
Line 73: Line 96:
The 96th BG transitioned to operational status at Snetterton Heath after being used as a training unit. It entered combat in May 1943 and functioned primarily as a strategic bombardment organization throughout the war.<ref name="Maurer1980p165"/>
The 96th BG transitioned to operational status at Snetterton Heath after being used as a training unit. It entered combat in May 1943 and functioned primarily as a strategic bombardment organization throughout the war.<ref name="Maurer1980p165"/>


As the most conveniently reached station from 3rd Division Headquarters at Elveden Hall, Snetterton Heath units often led to major operations carrying commanding generals. General [[Curtis LeMay]] led the [[Regensburg]] shuttle mission to North Africa flying out of this base, and received a [[Distinguished Unit Citation]] for withstanding severe assaults by enemy fighters. The 96th also led the 3rd Division on the famous [[Schweinfurt]] mission of 14 October 1943.<ref name="Freeman2001p207"/>
Snetterton was the most conveniently reached station from 3rd Division Headquarters at Elveden Hall, thus units of the 96th often led major operations carrying commanding generals. General [[Curtis LeMay]] led the [[Regensburg]] shuttle mission to North Africa flying out of this base, and received a [[Distinguished Unit Citation]] for withstanding severe assaults by enemy fighters. The 96th also led the 3rd Division on the famous [[Schweinfurt]] mission of 14 October 1943.<ref name="Freeman2001p207"/>


In addition the 93d attacked shipyards, harbours, railway yards, aerodromes, oil refineries, aircraft factories, and other industrial targets in Germany, France, the [[Netherlands]], Belgium, Norway, Poland, Hungary and Czechoslovakia.<ref name="Maurer1980p165"/>
The 96th also attacked shipyards, harbours, railway yards, aerodromes, oil refineries, aircraft factories, and other industrial targets in Germany, France, the [[Netherlands]], Belgium, Norway, Poland, Hungary and Czechoslovakia.<ref name="Maurer1980p165"/>


The 96th received another DUC for leading the 45th Bomb Wing a great distance through heavy clouds and intense anti-aircraft fire to raid important aircraft component factories in Poland on 9 April 1944. Other significant targets included airfields at [[Bordeaux]] and [[Augsburg]]; marshalling yards at [[Kiel]], [[Hamm]], [[Braunschweig|Brunswick]], and [[Gdynia]]; aircraft factories at [[Chemnitz]], [[Hanover]], and [[Diósgyőr]]; oil refineries at [[Merseburg]] and [[Brux]], and chemical works in [[Wiesbaden]], [[Ludwigshafen]], and [[Neunkirchen]]{{Disambiguation needed|date=December 2012}}.<ref name="Maurer1980p165"/>
The 96th received another DUC for leading the 45th Bomb Wing a great distance through heavy clouds and intense anti-aircraft fire to raid important aircraft component factories in Poland on 9 April 1944. Other significant targets included airfields at [[Bordeaux]] and [[Augsburg]]; marshalling yards at [[Kiel]], [[Hamm, North Rhine-Westphalia|Hamm]], [[Braunschweig|Brunswick]], and [[Gdynia]]; aircraft factories at [[Chemnitz]], [[Hanover]], and [[Diósgyőr]]; oil refineries at [[Merseburg]] and [[Most (city)|Brüx]], and chemical works in [[Wiesbaden]], [[Ludwigshafen]], and [[Neunkirchen, Austria|Neunkirchen]].<ref name="Maurer1980p165"/>


In addition to strategic operations, missions of the 96th BG included bombing coastal defences, railway bridges, gun emplacements, and field batteries in the battle area prior to and during the [[D-Day|invasion of Normandy]] in June 1944; attacking enemy positions in support of the breakthrough at [[Saint-Lô]] in July 1944; aiding the campaign in France in August by striking roads and road junctions, and by dropping supplies to the [[Maquis (World War II)|Maquis]]; and attacking, during the early months of 1945, the communications supplying German armies on the western front.<ref name="Maurer1980p165"/>
In addition to strategic operations, missions of the 96th BG included bombing coastal defences, railway bridges, gun emplacements, and field batteries in the battle area prior to and during the [[D-Day|invasion of Normandy]] in June 1944; attacking enemy positions in support of the breakthrough at [[Saint-Lô]] in July 1944; aiding the campaign in France in August by striking roads and road junctions, and by dropping supplies to the [[Maquis (World War II)|Maquis]]; and attacking, during the early months of 1945, the communications supplying German armies on the western front.<ref name="Maurer1980p165"/>


After [[V-E Day]], the group was scheduled for occupation duties in Germany however plans were revised and the 96th BG flew food to the [[Netherlands]] and hauled redeployed personnel to [[French Morocco]], Ireland, France, and Germany. In November 1945 its aircraft were flown back to the United States, and its squadrons were inactivated. The ground personnel left Snetterton Heath in early December, arriving at [[Camp Kilmer]], [[New Jersey]].<ref name="Maurer1980p166">{{Harvnb|Maurer|1980|p=166.}}</ref>
After [[V-E Day]], the group was scheduled for occupation duties in Germany however plans were revised and the 96th BG flew food to the [[Netherlands]] and hauled redeployed personnel to [[French Morocco]], Ireland, France, and Germany. In November 1945 its aircraft were flown back to the United States, and its squadrons were inactivated. The ground personnel left Snetterton Heath in early December, arriving at [[Camp Kilmer]], [[New Jersey]].<ref name="Maurer1980p166"/>


The 96th Bomb Group was inactivated on 21 December 1945.<ref name="Maurer1980p166"/>
The 96th Bomb Group was inactivated on 21 December 1945.<ref name="Maurer1980p166"/>
Line 89: Line 112:


==Current use==
==Current use==
[[File:Snetterton Circuit versus RAF Snetterton.svg|thumb|right|The original [[Snetterton Circuit]] (green) was laid out on the runways and taxiways of RAF Snetterton Heath (light brown) in the early 1950s. Redevelopment over the subsequent 60 years has reduced the portion of the property used, but the modern circuit (red) still largely conforms to the air base footprint.]]
With the end of military control Snetterton Heath was privately purchased in 1952 with a view to utilizing the runways and perimeter tracks as a motor racing circuit. The first motor cycle meeting was held in 1953 and the first motor races the following year.<ref name="Freeman2001p207"/>
With the end of military control Snetterton Heath was privately purchased in 1952 with a view to using the runways and perimeter tracks as a motor racing circuit. The first motor cycle meeting was held in 1953 and the first motor races the following year.<ref name="Freeman2001p207"/>


Today, banking and safety barriers have transformed the airfield and [[Snetterton Motor Racing Circuit]] is used extensively; not only for local club, national, as well as international racing, but for the testing and development of new designs of motor cycles and cars.<ref name="Freeman2001p207"/>
Today, banking and safety barriers have transformed the airfield and [[Snetterton Circuit]] is used extensively; not only for local club, national, as well as international racing, but for the testing and development of new designs of motor cycles and cars.<ref name="Freeman2001p207"/>


A memorial window to the 96th Bomb Group can be seen in [[Quidenham]] church. There is also a sculpture commemorating the 96th BG on the approach road to the racing circuit, and a museum at the nearby New Eccles Hall School. Both the sculpture and the murals at the museum are the work of the school's Art teacher.<ref name="Freeman2001p207"/>
A memorial window to the 96th Bomb Group can be seen in [[Quidenham]] church. There is also a sculpture commemorating the 96th BG on the approach road to the racing circuit, and a museum at the nearby New Eccles Hall School. Both the sculpture and the murals at the museum are the work of the school's Art teacher.<ref name="Freeman2001p207"/>


==See also==
==See also==

{{Portal|United States Air Force|Military of the United States|World War II}}
*[[List of former Royal Air Force stations]]
*[[List of former Royal Air Force stations]]
*[[Snetterton Motor Racing Circuit]]
*[[Snetterton Circuit]]
*[[Snetterton]]
*[[Snetterton]]


==References==
==References==
{{Air Force Historical Research Agency}}
{{AFHRA}}

===Citations===
===Citations===
{{Reflist}}
{{Reflist}}

===Bibliography===
===Bibliography===
*{{wikicite|ref={{harvid|Freeman|2001}}|reference=Freeman, R. ''Airfields of the Eighth - Then and Now. After the Battle''. London, UK: Battle of Britain International Ltd., 2001. ISBN 0-9009-13-09-6.}}
*{{wikicite|ref={{harvid|Freeman|2001}}|reference=Freeman, R. ''Airfields of the Eighth - Then and Now. After the Battle''. London, UK: Battle of Britain International Ltd., 2001. {{ISBN|0-9009-13-09-6}}.}}
*{{wikicite|ref={{harvid|Maurer|1980}}|reference=Maurer, M. ''Air Force Combat Units Of World War II''. USAF Historical Division. Washington D.C., USA: Zenger Publishing Co., Inc, 1980. ISBN 0-89201-092-4.}}
*{{wikicite|ref={{harvid|Maurer|1980}}|reference=Maurer, M. ''Air Force Combat Units of World War II''. USAF Historical Division. Washington D.C., USA: Zenger Publishing Co., Inc, 1980. {{ISBN|0-89201-092-4}}.}}


==External links==
==External links==
{{Commons category|RAF Snetterton Heath}}
{{Commons category|RAF Snetterton Heath}}
* [http://mighty8thaf.preller.us/gallery/Snetterton-Heath Photos of Snetterdon Heath Airfield]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20070312190720/http://mighty8thaf.preller.us/gallery/Snetterton-Heath Photos of Snetterdon Heath Airfield]
* [http://96bg.org 96th Bomb Group website]
* [http://96bg.org 96th Bomb Group website]
* [http://www.edp24.co.uk/Content/Features/Snetterton50/asp/010621Snetterton.asp Snetterton celebrates 50 glorious years]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20060926081603/http://www.edp24.co.uk/Content/Features/Snetterton50/asp/010621Snetterton.asp Snetterton celebrates 50 glorious years]
* [http://gallery.mighty8thaf.preller.us/v/8thAF/3rdAD/45thCBW/96thBG/337thBS/337thBS-Steve/ Crew 21, 337BS, 96BG, 45BW, 3AD, East Anglia, UK. 1943]
* [http://mighty8thaf.preller.us/php/1Loc.php?Base=Snetterton%20Heath Snetterton Heath at http://mighty8thaf.preller.us]
* [http://mighty8thaf.preller.us/php/1Loc.php?Base=Snetterton%20Heath Snetterton Heath at http://mighty8thaf.preller.us]
* [http://home.att.net/~jbaugher/usafserials.html USAAS-USAAC-USAAF-USAF Aircraft Serial Numbers--1908 to present]
* [http://home.att.net/~jbaugher/usafserials.html USAAS-USAAC-USAAF-USAF Aircraft Serial Numbers--1908 to present]
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{{USAAF 8th Air Force UK}}
{{USAAF 8th Air Force UK}}
{{Royal Air Force}}
{{Royal Air Force}}

{{authority control}}


{{DEFAULTSORT:Snetterton Heath}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Snetterton Heath}}
[[Category:Airfields of the VIII Bomber Command in the United Kingdom]]
[[Category:Airfields of the VIII Bomber Command in the United Kingdom]]
[[Category:Royal Air Force stations of World War II in the United Kingdom]]
[[Category:Royal Air Force stations of World War II in the United Kingdom]]
[[Category:Military history of Norfolk]]
[[Category:Royal Air Force stations in Norfolk]]
[[Category:Royal Air Force stations in Norfolk]]

Latest revision as of 12:08, 12 March 2024

RAF Snetterton Heath
USAAF Station 138
Attleborough, Norfolk in England
Aerial Photo of Snetterton Heath Airfield - 5 February 1946
RAF Snetterton Heath is located in Norfolk
RAF Snetterton Heath
Coordinates52°28′N 0°58′E / 52.47°N 0.96°E / 52.47; 0.96
TypeRoyal Air Force station
CodeSN
Site information
OwnerAir Ministry
OperatorRoyal Air Force
United States Army Air Forces
Controlled byEighth Air Force
RAF Maintenance Command
Site history
Built1942 (1942)
Built byTaylor Woodrow Ltd
In use1943–1948 (1948)
Battles/warsEuropean Theatre of World War II
Air Offensive, Europe July 1942 - May 1945
Garrison information
Garrison386th Bombardment Group (Medium)
 96th Bombardment Group
Airfield information
Runways
Direction Length and surface
00/00 1,828 metres (5,997 ft) Concrete
00/00 1,280 metres (4,199 ft) Concrete
00/00 1,280 metres (4,199 ft) Concrete
Lockheed/Vega B-17F-50-VE Fortress Serial 42–6153. This aircraft survived the war and was sent to RFC Kingman 30 October 1945.
Lockheed/Vega B-17G-20-VE Fortress of the 413th Bomb Squadron. Serial 42-97627 is in foreground
Boeing B-17G-70-BO Fortress Serial 43-37683 of the 339th Bomb Squadron.

Royal Air Force Snetterton Heath or more simply RAF Snetterton Heath is a former Royal Air Force station located south east of the A11, 6 miles (9.7 km) south west of Attleborough, Norfolk, England.

History

[edit]

Snetterton Heath airfield was constructed by Taylor Woodrow Ltd., in 1942 at a cost of £950,000 to Class-A specifications. The main runway was 6,000 feet long with two secondaries of 4,200 feet each. Originally thirty-six hardstands of the "frying pan" type were constructed as when work started, the base was intended for Royal Air Force (RAF) use. When rescheduled for the United States Army Air Forces (USAAF), the number was increased to fifty, all of them being on the south and eastern side of the airfield as a railway line and the A11 road restricted dispersed locations. Total area of concrete laid in its construction was 530,000 square yards with storage provided for 144,000 gallons of fuel.[1]

USAAF use

[edit]

The airfield was allocated for USAAF use in 1943.[1] Its USAAF designation was Station 138, Station-ID "SN".[2] At one stage, it was planned to add an air depot, known as Eccles on the northern side of the airfield, access being across the A11. Four additional T-2 hangars were constructed on this site. Apparently a reduction in the number of heavy bombers being sent to the UK led to this depot becoming surplus to Eighth Air Force requirements and construction was stopped before all facilities were completed.[1]

From 13 September 1943 though 18 June 1945, Snetterton Heath served as headquarters for the 45th Combat Bombardment Wing of the 3rd Bomb Division.[3]

386th Bombardment Group (Medium)

[edit]

The airfield was used by the United States Army Air Forces Eighth Air Force 386th Bombardment Group (Medium), which arrived at Snetterton Heath from Lake Charles AAB, Louisiana on 3 June 1943.[4] The 386th Bomb Group was assigned to the 3rd Bombardment Wing[citation needed] and flew Martin B-26B/C Marauder twin-engine medium bombers.[5]

Its operational squadrons were:

The group remained at Snetterton Heath only a few days, being transferred to RAF Boxted on 10 June 1943 in north Essex where B-26 groups were to be established for operations.[4]

96th Bombardment Group (Heavy)

[edit]

The 96th Bombardment Group (Heavy) arrived on 12 June 1943 from RAF Andrews Field.[6] The 96th was assigned to the 45th Combat Bombardment Wing (later, 45th Air Division), and the group tail code was a "Square-C".[7]

Its operational squadrons were:[7]

The group flew Boeing B-17 Flying Fortresses as part of the Eighth Air Force's strategic bombing campaign.[8]

The 96th BG transitioned to operational status at Snetterton Heath after being used as a training unit. It entered combat in May 1943 and functioned primarily as a strategic bombardment organization throughout the war.[8]

Snetterton was the most conveniently reached station from 3rd Division Headquarters at Elveden Hall, thus units of the 96th often led major operations carrying commanding generals. General Curtis LeMay led the Regensburg shuttle mission to North Africa flying out of this base, and received a Distinguished Unit Citation for withstanding severe assaults by enemy fighters. The 96th also led the 3rd Division on the famous Schweinfurt mission of 14 October 1943.[1]

The 96th also attacked shipyards, harbours, railway yards, aerodromes, oil refineries, aircraft factories, and other industrial targets in Germany, France, the Netherlands, Belgium, Norway, Poland, Hungary and Czechoslovakia.[8]

The 96th received another DUC for leading the 45th Bomb Wing a great distance through heavy clouds and intense anti-aircraft fire to raid important aircraft component factories in Poland on 9 April 1944. Other significant targets included airfields at Bordeaux and Augsburg; marshalling yards at Kiel, Hamm, Brunswick, and Gdynia; aircraft factories at Chemnitz, Hanover, and Diósgyőr; oil refineries at Merseburg and Brüx, and chemical works in Wiesbaden, Ludwigshafen, and Neunkirchen.[8]

In addition to strategic operations, missions of the 96th BG included bombing coastal defences, railway bridges, gun emplacements, and field batteries in the battle area prior to and during the invasion of Normandy in June 1944; attacking enemy positions in support of the breakthrough at Saint-Lô in July 1944; aiding the campaign in France in August by striking roads and road junctions, and by dropping supplies to the Maquis; and attacking, during the early months of 1945, the communications supplying German armies on the western front.[8]

After V-E Day, the group was scheduled for occupation duties in Germany however plans were revised and the 96th BG flew food to the Netherlands and hauled redeployed personnel to French Morocco, Ireland, France, and Germany. In November 1945 its aircraft were flown back to the United States, and its squadrons were inactivated. The ground personnel left Snetterton Heath in early December, arriving at Camp Kilmer, New Jersey.[6]

The 96th Bomb Group was inactivated on 21 December 1945.[6]

Postwar use

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After the war, the airfield was by No. 262 Maintenance Unit RAF between December 1945 and November 1948.[2] At the end of 1948 the airfield was closed and fell into disuse.[1]

Current use

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The original Snetterton Circuit (green) was laid out on the runways and taxiways of RAF Snetterton Heath (light brown) in the early 1950s. Redevelopment over the subsequent 60 years has reduced the portion of the property used, but the modern circuit (red) still largely conforms to the air base footprint.

With the end of military control Snetterton Heath was privately purchased in 1952 with a view to using the runways and perimeter tracks as a motor racing circuit. The first motor cycle meeting was held in 1953 and the first motor races the following year.[1]

Today, banking and safety barriers have transformed the airfield and Snetterton Circuit is used extensively; not only for local club, national, as well as international racing, but for the testing and development of new designs of motor cycles and cars.[1]

A memorial window to the 96th Bomb Group can be seen in Quidenham church. There is also a sculpture commemorating the 96th BG on the approach road to the racing circuit, and a museum at the nearby New Eccles Hall School. Both the sculpture and the murals at the museum are the work of the school's Art teacher.[1]

See also

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References

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Public Domain This article incorporates public domain material from the Air Force Historical Research Agency

Citations

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  1. ^ a b c d e f g h Freeman 2001, p. 207.
  2. ^ a b "RAF Snetterton Heath airfield". Control Towers. Retrieved 22 February 2013.
  3. ^ Maurer 1980, p. 391.
  4. ^ a b Maurer 1980, p. 274.
  5. ^ a b c d e Maurer 1980, p. 273.
  6. ^ a b c Maurer 1980, p. 166.
  7. ^ a b "96th Bombardment Group (Heavy)". Mighty 8th Cross-Reference. Retrieved 21 February 2013.
  8. ^ a b c d e Maurer 1980, p. 165.

Bibliography

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  • Freeman, R. Airfields of the Eighth - Then and Now. After the Battle. London, UK: Battle of Britain International Ltd., 2001. ISBN 0-9009-13-09-6.
  • Maurer, M. Air Force Combat Units of World War II. USAF Historical Division. Washington D.C., USA: Zenger Publishing Co., Inc, 1980. ISBN 0-89201-092-4.
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