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{{Short description|German World War II submarine}}
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{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2022}}
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{{Use British English|date=September 2012}}
{|{{Infobox ship begin}}
{|{{Infobox ship begin}}
{{Infobox ship image
{{Infobox ship image
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|Ship motto=
|Ship motto=
|Ship nickname=
|Ship nickname=
|Ship fate=Surrendered at [[Gibraltar]], May 1945; sunk as part of Operation [[Operation Deadlight|''Deadlight'']], north of Ireland, December 1945
|Ship fate=Surrendered at [[Gibraltar]] on 12 May 1945; sunk as part of Operation [[Operation Deadlight|''Deadlight'']], north of Ireland on 8 December 1945
|Ship notes=
|Ship notes=
}}
}}
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|Ship class=[[German Type VII submarine#Type VIIC|Type VIIC]] [[submarine]]
|Ship class=[[German Type VII submarine#Type VIIC|Type VIIC]] [[submarine]]
|Ship displacement=
|Ship displacement=
*{{convert|769|t|LT|0}} surfaced
*{{convert|769|t|LT|0|lk=on}} surfaced
*{{convert|871|t|LT|0|abbr=on}} submerged
*{{convert|871|t|LT|0|abbr=on}} submerged
|Ship length=
|Ship length=
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*{{convert|7.6|kn}} submerged
*{{convert|7.6|kn}} submerged
|Ship range=
|Ship range=
*{{convert|8,500|nmi|abbr=on|lk=on}} at {{convert|10|kn}} surfaced
*{{convert|8500|nmi|abbr=on|lk=on}} at {{convert|10|kn}} surfaced
*{{convert|80|nmi|abbr=on}} at {{convert|4|kn}} submerged
*{{convert|80|nmi|abbr=on}} at {{convert|4|kn}} submerged
|Ship test depth=
|Ship test depth=
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*5 × {{convert|53.3|cm|in|0|abbr=on}} [[torpedo tube]]s (four bow, one stern)
*5 × {{convert|53.3|cm|in|0|abbr=on}} [[torpedo tube]]s (four bow, one stern)
*14 × [[torpedo]]es ''or'' 26 TMA [[Naval mine|mine]]s
*14 × [[torpedo]]es ''or'' 26 TMA [[Naval mine|mine]]s
*1 × [[8.8 cm SK C/35 naval gun|{{convert|8.8|cm|in|2|abbr=on}} deck gun]] (220 rounds)
*1 × [[8.8 cm SK C/35 naval gun|{{convert|8.8|cm|in|2|abbr=on}} deck gun]] (220 rounds)
*1 × [[3.7 cm Flak 18/36/37/43|{{convert|3.7|cm|in|abbr=on}} Flak M42]] AA gun
*1 × [[3.7 cm Flak 18/36/37/43|{{convert|3.7|cm|in|abbr=on}} Flak M42]] AA gun
*2 × twin [[2 cm FlaK 30|{{convert|2|cm|in|sp=us|abbr=on}} C/30]] [[anti-aircraft gun]]s
*2 × twin [[2 cm FlaK 30|{{convert|2|cm|in|sp=us|abbr=on}} C/30]] [[anti-aircraft gun]]s
|Ship notes=
|Ship notes=
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|last=Helgason
|last=Helgason
|first=Guðmundur
|first=Guðmundur
|website=German U-boats of WWII - uboat.net
|website=German U-boats of WWII – uboat.net
|access-date=27 September 2012
|access-date=27 September 2012
}}</ref>
}}</ref>
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*[[5th U-boat Flotilla]]
*[[5th U-boat Flotilla]]
*23 February – 31 October 1944
*23 February – 31 October 1944
*[[5th U-boat Flotilla]]
*[[11th U-boat Flotilla]]
*1 November 1944 – 8 May 1945
*1 November 1944 – 8 May 1945
|codes=
|codes=M 49 981
|commanders=
|commanders=
*''[[Kptlt.]]'' Friedrich Lutz
*''[[Kptlt.]]'' Friedrich Lutz
*23 February – 14 May 1945
*23 February – 12 May 1945
|operations=29 November 1944 – 30 January 1945
|operations=*3 patrols:
*1st patrol:
*a. 29 November 1944 – 30 January 1945
*b. 1 – 3 February 1945
*2nd patrol:
*25 March – 24 April 1945
*3rd patrol:
*29 April – 14 May 1945
|victories=None
|victories=None
}}
}}
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She carried out three patrols. She sank no ships.
She carried out three patrols. She sank no ships.


''U-485'' surrendered in [[Gibraltar]] in May 1945; she was sunk as part of Operation [[Operation Deadlight|''Deadlight'']], north of Ireland in December 1945.
''U-485'' surrendered in [[Gibraltar]] on 12 May 1945; she was sunk as part of Operation [[Operation Deadlight|''Deadlight'']], north of Ireland on 8 December 1945.


==Design==
==Design==
[[German Type VII submarine#Type VIIC|German Type VIIC submarines]] were preceded by the shorter [[German Type VII submarine#Type VIIB|Type VIIB submarines]]. ''U-485'' had a displacement of {{convert|769|t|LT}} when at the surface and {{convert|871|t|LT}} while submerged.{{sfn|Gröner|1991|pp=43-46}} She had a total length of {{convert|67.10|m|ftin|abbr=on}}, a [[pressure hull]] length of {{convert|50.50|m|ftin|abbr=on}}, a [[beam (nautical)|beam]] of {{convert|6.20|m|ftin|abbr=on}}, a height of {{convert|9.60|m|ftin|abbr=on}}, and a [[draught (ship)|draught]] of {{convert|4.74|m|ftin|abbr=on}}. The submarine was powered by two [[Germaniawerft]] F46 four-stroke, six-cylinder [[supercharged]] [[diesel engine]]s producing a total of {{convert|2800 to 3200|PS|kW shp|-1}} for use while surfaced, two [[Siemens-Schuckert]] GU 343/38–8 [[Motor–generator|double-acting electric motors]] producing a total of {{convert|750|PS|kW shp}} for use while submerged. She had two shafts and two {{convert|1.23|m|ft|abbr=on|0}} [[propeller]]s. The boat was capable of operating at depths of up to {{convert|230|m}}.{{sfn|Gröner|1991|pp=43-46}}
[[German Type VII submarine#Type VIIC|German Type VIIC submarines]] were preceded by the shorter [[German Type VII submarine#Type VIIB|Type VIIB submarines]]. ''U-485'' had a displacement of {{convert|769|t|LT}} when at the surface and {{convert|871|t|LT}} while submerged.{{sfn|Gröner|1991|pp=43–46}} She had a total length of {{convert|67.10|m|ftin|abbr=on}}, a [[pressure hull]] length of {{convert|50.50|m|ftin|abbr=on}}, a [[beam (nautical)|beam]] of {{convert|6.20|m|ftin|abbr=on}}, a height of {{convert|9.60|m|ftin|abbr=on}}, and a [[draught (ship)|draught]] of {{convert|4.74|m|ftin|abbr=on}}. The submarine was powered by two [[Germaniawerft]] F46 four-stroke, six-cylinder [[supercharged]] [[diesel engine]]s producing a total of {{convert|2800 to 3200|PS|kW shp|-1}} for use while surfaced, two [[Siemens-Schuckert]] GU 343/38–8 [[Motor–generator|double-acting electric motors]] producing a total of {{convert|750|PS|kW shp}} for use while submerged. She had two shafts and two {{convert|1.23|m|ft|abbr=on|0}} [[propeller]]s. The boat was capable of operating at depths of up to {{convert|230|m}}.{{sfn|Gröner|1991|pp=43–46}}


The submarine had a maximum surface speed of {{convert|17.7|kn}} and a maximum submerged speed of {{convert|7.6|kn}}.{{sfn|Gröner|1991|pp=43-46}} When submerged, the boat could operate for {{convert|80|nmi}} at {{convert|4|kn}}; when surfaced, she could travel {{convert|8500|nmi}} at {{convert|10|kn}}. ''U-485'' was fitted with five {{convert|53.3|cm|in|0|abbr=on}} [[torpedo tube]]s (four fitted at the bow and one at the stern), fourteen [[torpedo]]es, one [[8.8 cm SK C/35 naval gun|{{convert|8.8|cm|in|2|abbr=on}} SK C/35 naval gun]], (220 rounds), one [[3.7 cm Flak 18/36/37/43|{{convert|3.7|cm|in|abbr=on}} Flak M42]] and two twin [[2 cm FlaK 30|{{convert|2|cm|in|sp=us|abbr=on}} C/30]] anti-aircraft guns. The boat had a [[Ship's company|complement]] of between forty-four and sixty.{{sfn|Gröner|1991|pp=43-46}}
The submarine had a maximum surface speed of {{convert|17.7|kn}} and a maximum submerged speed of {{convert|7.6|kn}}.{{sfn|Gröner|1991|pp=43–46}} When submerged, the boat could operate for {{convert|80|nmi}} at {{convert|4|kn}}; when surfaced, she could travel {{convert|8500|nmi}} at {{convert|10|kn}}. ''U-485'' was fitted with five {{convert|53.3|cm|in|0|abbr=on}} [[torpedo tube]]s (four fitted at the bow and one at the stern), fourteen [[torpedo]]es, one [[8.8&nbsp;cm SK C/35 naval gun|{{convert|8.8|cm|in|2|abbr=on}} SK C/35 naval gun]], (220 rounds), one [[3.7&nbsp;cm Flak 18/36/37/43|{{convert|3.7|cm|in|abbr=on}} Flak M42]] and two twin [[2 cm FlaK 30|{{convert|2|cm|in|sp=us|abbr=on}} C/30]] anti-aircraft guns. The boat had a [[Ship's company|complement]] of between forty-four and sixty.{{sfn|Gröner|1991|pp=43–46}}


==Service history==
==Service history==
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She served with the [[5th U-boat Flotilla]] from 23 February 1944 for training and the [[11th U-boat Flotilla|11th flotilla]] from 1 November for operations.
She served with the [[5th U-boat Flotilla]] from 23 February 1944 for training and the [[11th U-boat Flotilla|11th flotilla]] from 1 November for operations.


===1st patrol===
===First patrol===
''U-485''{{'}}s first patrol was preceded by short journeys from Kiel in Germany to [[Karljohansvern|Horten Naval Base]] (south of Oslo) and then [[Bergen]], both in Norway. The patrol itself began when the boat departed Bergen on 29 November 1944. She proceeded west of the [[Shetland Islands]] on 4 December and west of Ireland on the 14th. She entered the [[English Channel]] and was northwest of the [[Channel Islands]] on the 21st. The furthest east that she travelled was to a point south of [[Brighton]], which she reached on 5 January 1945. She then retraced her route via the [[Scilly Isles]]; she returned to Bergen on 30 January.
''U-485''{{'}}s first patrol was preceded by short journeys from Kiel in Germany to [[Karljohansvern|Horten Naval Base]] (south of Oslo) and then [[Bergen]], both in Norway. The patrol itself began when the boat departed Bergen on 29 November 1944. She proceeded west of the [[Shetland Islands]] on 4 December and west of Ireland on the 14th. She entered the [[English Channel]] and was northwest of the [[Channel Islands]] on the 21st. The furthest east that she travelled was to a point south of [[Brighton]], which she reached on 5 January 1945. She then retraced her route via the [[Scilly Isles]]; she returned to Bergen on 30 January.


===2nd patrol===
===Second patrol===
The submarine had moved to [[Trondheim]] from where she departed on her second patrol on 25 March 1945. Her route took her through the [[GIUK gap|gap]] between [[Iceland]] and the [[Faroe Islands]]. She docked at [[La Pallice]] in France on 24 April.
The submarine had moved to [[Trondheim]] from where she departed on her second patrol on 25 March 1945. Her route took her through the [[GIUK gap|gap]] between [[Iceland]] and the [[Faroe Islands]]. She docked at [[La Pallice]] in France on 24 April.


===3rd patrol, surrender and fate===
===Third patrol, surrender and fate===
Leaving La Pallice on 29 April 1945, the boat surrendered in [[Gibraltar]] on 14 May, some six days after Germany's capitulation. She was transferred to [[Loch Ryan]] in Scotland for Operation [[Operation Deadlight|''Deadlight'']] and was sunk by unknown causes on 8 December north of Ireland.
Leaving La Pallice on 29 April 1945, the boat surrendered in [[Gibraltar]] on 12 May, four days after Germany's capitulation. She was transferred to [[Loch Ryan]] in Scotland for Operation [[Operation Deadlight|''Deadlight'']] and was sunk by unknown causes on 8 December north of Ireland.


==References==
==References==
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|title=Deutsche U-Boot-Verluste von September 1939 bis Mai 1945
|title=Deutsche U-Boot-Verluste von September 1939 bis Mai 1945
|trans-title=German U-boat losses from September 1939 to May 1945
|trans-title=German U-boat losses from September 1939 to May 1945
|work=Der U-Boot-Krieg
|series=Der U-Boot-Krieg
|volume=IV
|volume=IV
|publisher=Mittler
|publisher=Mittler
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|title=U-boats and Mine Warfare Vessels
|title=U-boats and Mine Warfare Vessels
|volume=2
|volume=2
|work=German Warships 1815–1945
|series=German Warships 1815–1945
|location=London
|location=London
|publisher=Conway Maritime Press
|publisher=Conway Maritime Press
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|last=Helgason
|last=Helgason
|first=Guðmundur
|first=Guðmundur
|website=German U-boats of WWII - uboat.net
|website=German U-boats of WWII – uboat.net
|access-date=28 December 2014
|access-date=28 December 2014
}}
}}
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{{German Type VII submarines}}
{{German Type VII submarines}}
{{December 1945 shipwrecks}}
{{December 1945 shipwrecks}}
{{Subject bar
| portal1=Military of Germany
| portal2=World War II
}}

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{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2012}}
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{{Use British English|date=September 2012}}


{{DEFAULTSORT:U0485}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:U0485}}

Latest revision as of 11:15, 10 March 2024

History
Nazi Germany
NameU-485
Ordered5 June 1941
BuilderDeutsche Werke, Kiel
Yard number320
Laid down3 May 1943
Launched15 January 1944
Commissioned23 February 1944
FateSurrendered at Gibraltar on 12 May 1945; sunk as part of Operation Deadlight, north of Ireland on 8 December 1945
General characteristics
Class and typeType VIIC submarine
Displacement
Length
Beam
  • 6.20 m (20 ft 4 in) o/a
  • 4.70 m (15 ft 5 in) pressure hull
Height9.60 m (31 ft 6 in)
Draught4.74 m (15 ft 7 in)
Installed power
  • 2,800–3,200 PS (2,100–2,400 kW; 2,800–3,200 bhp) (diesels)
  • 750 PS (550 kW; 740 shp) (electric)
Propulsion
Speed
  • 17.7 knots (32.8 km/h; 20.4 mph) surfaced
  • 7.6 knots (14.1 km/h; 8.7 mph) submerged
Range
  • 8,500 nmi (15,700 km; 9,800 mi) at 10 knots (19 km/h; 12 mph) surfaced
  • 80 nmi (150 km; 92 mi) at 4 knots (7.4 km/h; 4.6 mph) submerged
Test depth
  • 230 m (750 ft)
  • Crush depth: 250–295 m (820–968 ft)
Complement4 officers, 40–56 enlisted
Armament
Service record[1]
Part of:
Identification codes: M 49 981
Commanders:
  • Kptlt. Friedrich Lutz
  • 23 February – 12 May 1945
Operations:
  • 3 patrols:
  • 1st patrol:
  • a. 29 November 1944 – 30 January 1945
  • b. 1 – 3 February 1945
  • 2nd patrol:
  • 25 March – 24 April 1945
  • 3rd patrol:
  • 29 April – 14 May 1945
Victories: None

German submarine U-485 was a Type VIIC U-boat of Nazi Germany's Kriegsmarine during World War II.

She carried out three patrols. She sank no ships.

U-485 surrendered in Gibraltar on 12 May 1945; she was sunk as part of Operation Deadlight, north of Ireland on 8 December 1945.

Design

[edit]

German Type VIIC submarines were preceded by the shorter Type VIIB submarines. U-485 had a displacement of 769 tonnes (757 long tons) when at the surface and 871 tonnes (857 long tons) while submerged.[2] She had a total length of 67.10 m (220 ft 2 in), a pressure hull length of 50.50 m (165 ft 8 in), a beam of 6.20 m (20 ft 4 in), a height of 9.60 m (31 ft 6 in), and a draught of 4.74 m (15 ft 7 in). The submarine was powered by two Germaniawerft F46 four-stroke, six-cylinder supercharged diesel engines producing a total of 2,800 to 3,200 metric horsepower (2,060 to 2,350 kW; 2,760 to 3,160 shp) for use while surfaced, two Siemens-Schuckert GU 343/38–8 double-acting electric motors producing a total of 750 metric horsepower (550 kW; 740 shp) for use while submerged. She had two shafts and two 1.23 m (4 ft) propellers. The boat was capable of operating at depths of up to 230 metres (750 ft).[2]

The submarine had a maximum surface speed of 17.7 knots (32.8 km/h; 20.4 mph) and a maximum submerged speed of 7.6 knots (14.1 km/h; 8.7 mph).[2] When submerged, the boat could operate for 80 nautical miles (150 km; 92 mi) at 4 knots (7.4 km/h; 4.6 mph); when surfaced, she could travel 8,500 nautical miles (15,700 km; 9,800 mi) at 10 knots (19 km/h; 12 mph). U-485 was fitted with five 53.3 cm (21 in) torpedo tubes (four fitted at the bow and one at the stern), fourteen torpedoes, one 8.8 cm (3.46 in) SK C/35 naval gun, (220 rounds), one 3.7 cm (1.5 in) Flak M42 and two twin 2 cm (0.79 in) C/30 anti-aircraft guns. The boat had a complement of between forty-four and sixty.[2]

Service history

[edit]

The submarine was laid down on 3 May 1943 at the Deutsche Werke in Kiel as yard number 320, launched on 15 January 1944 and commissioned on 23 February under the command of Kapitänleutnant Friedrich Lutz.

She served with the 5th U-boat Flotilla from 23 February 1944 for training and the 11th flotilla from 1 November for operations.

First patrol

[edit]

U-485's first patrol was preceded by short journeys from Kiel in Germany to Horten Naval Base (south of Oslo) and then Bergen, both in Norway. The patrol itself began when the boat departed Bergen on 29 November 1944. She proceeded west of the Shetland Islands on 4 December and west of Ireland on the 14th. She entered the English Channel and was northwest of the Channel Islands on the 21st. The furthest east that she travelled was to a point south of Brighton, which she reached on 5 January 1945. She then retraced her route via the Scilly Isles; she returned to Bergen on 30 January.

Second patrol

[edit]

The submarine had moved to Trondheim from where she departed on her second patrol on 25 March 1945. Her route took her through the gap between Iceland and the Faroe Islands. She docked at La Pallice in France on 24 April.

Third patrol, surrender and fate

[edit]

Leaving La Pallice on 29 April 1945, the boat surrendered in Gibraltar on 12 May, four days after Germany's capitulation. She was transferred to Loch Ryan in Scotland for Operation Deadlight and was sunk by unknown causes on 8 December north of Ireland.

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Helgason, Guðmundur. "The Type VIIC boat U-485". German U-boats of WWII – uboat.net. Retrieved 27 September 2012.
  2. ^ a b c d Gröner 1991, pp. 43–46.

Bibliography

[edit]
  • Busch, Rainer; Röll, Hans-Joachim (1999). German U-boat commanders of World War II : a biographical dictionary. Translated by Brooks, Geoffrey. London, Annapolis, Md: Greenhill Books, Naval Institute Press. ISBN 1-55750-186-6.
  • Busch, Rainer; Röll, Hans-Joachim (1999). Deutsche U-Boot-Verluste von September 1939 bis Mai 1945 [German U-boat losses from September 1939 to May 1945]. Der U-Boot-Krieg (in German). Vol. IV. Hamburg, Berlin, Bonn: Mittler. ISBN 3-8132-0514-2.
  • Gröner, Erich; Jung, Dieter; Maass, Martin (1991). U-boats and Mine Warfare Vessels. German Warships 1815–1945. Vol. 2. Translated by Thomas, Keith; Magowan, Rachel. London: Conway Maritime Press. ISBN 0-85177-593-4.
[edit]
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