Jump to content

Elwendia persica: Difference between revisions

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Browse history interactively
← Previous edit
Content deleted Content added
VisualWikitext
Category:Apioideae
taxobox cleanup
 
(41 intermediate revisions by 19 users not shown)
Line 1: Line 1:
{{Short description|Species of plant in the family Apiaceae}}
{{taxobox
{{More citations needed|date=January 2008}}
| image =
{{Speciesbox
| regnum = [[Plantae]]
|image = Valuable plant Bunium persicum.JPG
| unranked_divisio = [[Angiosperms]]
|image_caption = A field of cultivated plants of ''Elwendia persica''
| unranked_classis = [[Eudicots]]
|genus = Elwendia
| unranked_ordo = [[Asterids]]
|species = persica
| ordo = [[Apiales]]
|authority = ([[Pierre Edmond Boissier|Boiss.]]) Pimenov & Kljuykov
| familia = [[Apiaceae]]
⚫
|synonyms =
| genus = ''[[Bunium]]''
{{Species list
| species = '''''B. persicum'''''
| binomial = ''Bunium persicum''
|Bunium persicum|(Boiss.) B.Fedtsch.
⚫
|Carum heterophyllum|Regel & Schmalh.
| binomial_authority = ([[Boiss.]]) [[B. Fedtsch.]]<ref name=GRIN>
⚫
|Carum persicum|Boiss.
{{cite web
|Pimpinella cyminosma|(Basiner) Koso-Pol.
|url=http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/taxon.pl?406659
|Sium cyminosma|Basiner
|title=''Bunium persicum'' information from NPGS/GRIN
}}
|publisher=www.ars-grin.gov
|synonyms_ref =
|accessdate=2008-03-13
|last=
|first=}}</ref>
⚫
| synonyms =
⚫
*''Carum heterophyllum'' Regel & Schmalh.
⚫
*''Carum persicum'' Boiss.
| synonyms_ref = <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.theplantlist.org/tpl/record/kew-2686285|title=The Plant List: A Working List of All Plant Species}}</ref>
}}
}}
'''''Bunium persicum''''' is a plant [[species]] in the family [[Apiaceae]] that was previously included in [[genus]] ''[[Carum]]''. It is related to [[cumin]] (''Cuminum cyminum'').


'''''Elwendia persica''''' is a plant [[species]] in the family [[Apiaceae]].<ref name=KewPOWO>{{cite web|url= https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77128917-1|title= Elwendia persica (Boiss.) Pimenov & Kljuykov|author=<!--Not stated-->|date=n.d.|website=Plants of the World Online|publisher=The Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew|access-date= September 20, 2020}}</ref><ref name=GBIF>{{cite web|url= https://www.gbif.org/species/8187284|title= Elwendia persica (Boiss.) Pimenov & Kljuykov|author=<!--Not stated-->|date=n.d.|website=Global Diversity Information Facility|publisher= GBIF Secretariat |access-date= September 20, 2020}}</ref> It is related to [[cumin]] (''Cuminum cyminum'') and sometimes called '''black cumin''',{{citation needed|date=September 2013}} '''blackseed''',{{citation needed|date=September 2013}} or '''black caraway''',<ref name=GRIN-persicum>{{GRIN | ''Bunium persicum'' | 406659 | access-date = 2022-11-28}}</ref> and has a smoky, earthy taste. It is often confused with ''[[Nigella sativa]]'' (which is also called [[black cumin]], black caraway, or black seed<ref name=GRIN-sativa>{{GRIN | ''Nigella sativa'' |25337 | access-date = 2022-11-28}}</ref><ref name=WebMD>{{cite web |title=Black seed |website=WebMD |url=https://www.webmd.com/vitamins/ai/ingredientmono-901/black-seed |access-date = 28 November 2022}}</ref>), by which it is often substituted in cooking.
The closely related species ''[[Bunium bulbocastanum]]'', which is used as a spice and as a vegetable, and commonly called great pignut,<ref name=GRINb>{{cite web|url=http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/taxon.pl?316877|title=USDA GRIN Taxonomy, entry for ''Bunium bulbocastanum''}}</ref> black zira,<ref name=GRINb/> or earthnut,<ref name=GRINb/> was previously considered to be a [[Synonym (taxonomy)|synonym]] of ''B. persicum''.<ref>Komarov, V.L.; Yuzepchuk, S.V. 1939. Flora of the USSR. In Flora of the USSR.</ref>

Dried ''E. persica'' [[fruit]]s are used as a culinary [[spice]] in northern [[India]], [[Pakistan]], [[Bangladesh]], [[Afghanistan]], [[Tajikistan]], and [[Iran]]. It is practically unknown outside these areas.{{citation needed|date=October 2013}}

== Etymology ==
Local names for that spice are ''kala zeera'' ({{lang|hi|काला ज़ीरा}} ''black cumin'') or ''shahi zeera'' ({{lang|hi|शाहि ज़ीरा}}; ''imperial cumin'') in [[Hindi language|Hindi]], as ''syah zirah'' ({{lang|ur|سیاہ زیرہ}}; ''black cumin''), ''kaala zirah'' ({{lang|ur|کالا زیرہ}}; ''black cumin''), and ''zirah kuhi'' ({{lang|ur|زيره كوهی}}; ''mountain/wild cumin'') in [[Urdu]], ''zireh kuhi'' ({{lang|fa|زيره كوهی}}; ''wild cumin'') in [[Persian language|Persian]], and ''siyoh dona'' ({{lang|tg|сиёх дона}}; ''black seed'') in [[Tajik language|Tajiki]], and in Malayalam ''sahajīrakaṁ'' ({{lang|ml|സഹജീരകം}}).{{citation needed|date=February 2020}}

The commonly used Hindi term ''shahi zeera'' may be a distortion of ''syahi'' (black in Persian) ''zeera''. However, in the [[Hindustani language]], the term ''syahi'' also means "inky black". In [[Bengali language|Bengali]], ''kalo zeera'' also means black cumin, but refers to ''Nigella'', not ''E. persica''. ''[[Nigella sativa|Nigella]]'' is widely used as a spice in [[Bengali cuisine|Bengali food]].{{citation needed|date=February 2020}}

==Uses==
{{unreferenced section|date=July 2017}}
The plant bears slender, elongate, ribbed fruits which are harvested once the plant has become very dry. Not more than 5 to 8 g can be plucked from each plant, contributing to their high price.

The seeds are most valued as a garnish to high value, very special [[Indian cuisine|Indian]] dishes; they should not be ground, as their flavour would be reduced.

==Gallery==
<gallery>Blackcuminseeds.jpg|A pinch of the slender fruits juxtaposed with a one cent coin for scale
File:Black Cumin.jpg|Close-up of slender seed-like fruits ([[mericarp]]s)</gallery>


==References==
==References==
{{wikispecies}}
{{Reflist}}

{{reflist}}
==External links==
{{Wikispecies}}

{{Edible Apiaceae}}
{{Taxonbar|from1=Q55280421|from2=Q925373|from3=Q50839474}}


[[Category:Apioideae]]
[[Category:Apioideae]]
[[Category:Flora of Central Asia]]
[[Category:Flora of Western Asia]]
[[Category:Flora of the Indian subcontinent]]
[[Category:Spices]]
[[Category:Spices]]
[[Category:Indian spices]]
[[Category:Indian spices]]
[[Category:Taxa named by Pierre Edmond Boissier]]
[[Category:Plants described in 1844]]



{{Apiaceae-stub}}
{{Apiaceae-stub}}

Latest revision as of 21:46, 2 March 2024

Elwendia persica
A field of cultivated plants of Elwendia persica
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Asterids
Order: Apiales
Family: Apiaceae
Genus: Elwendia
Species:
E. persica
Binomial name
Elwendia persica
(Boiss.) Pimenov & Kljuykov
Synonyms
  • Bunium persicum (Boiss.) B.Fedtsch.
  • Carum heterophyllum Regel & Schmalh.
  • Carum persicum Boiss.
  • Pimpinella cyminosma (Basiner) Koso-Pol.
  • Sium cyminosma Basiner

Elwendia persica is a plant species in the family Apiaceae.[1][2] It is related to cumin (Cuminum cyminum) and sometimes called black cumin,[citation needed] blackseed,[citation needed] or black caraway,[3] and has a smoky, earthy taste. It is often confused with Nigella sativa (which is also called black cumin, black caraway, or black seed[4][5]), by which it is often substituted in cooking.

Dried E. persica fruits are used as a culinary spice in northern India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Afghanistan, Tajikistan, and Iran. It is practically unknown outside these areas.[citation needed]

Etymology

[edit]

Local names for that spice are kala zeera (काला ज़ीरा black cumin) or shahi zeera (शाहि ज़ीरा; imperial cumin) in Hindi, as syah zirah (سیاہ زیرہ; black cumin), kaala zirah (کالا زیرہ; black cumin), and zirah kuhi (زيره كوهی; mountain/wild cumin) in Urdu, zireh kuhi (زيره كوهی; wild cumin) in Persian, and siyoh dona (сиёх дона; black seed) in Tajiki, and in Malayalam sahajīrakaṁ (സഹജീരകം).[citation needed]

The commonly used Hindi term shahi zeera may be a distortion of syahi (black in Persian) zeera. However, in the Hindustani language, the term syahi also means "inky black". In Bengali, kalo zeera also means black cumin, but refers to Nigella, not E. persica. Nigella is widely used as a spice in Bengali food.[citation needed]

Uses

[edit]

The plant bears slender, elongate, ribbed fruits which are harvested once the plant has become very dry. Not more than 5 to 8 g can be plucked from each plant, contributing to their high price.

The seeds are most valued as a garnish to high value, very special Indian dishes; they should not be ground, as their flavour would be reduced.

[edit]
  • A pinch of the slender fruits juxtaposed with a one cent coin for scale
    A pinch of the slender fruits juxtaposed with a one cent coin for scale
  • Close-up of slender seed-like fruits (mericarps)
    Close-up of slender seed-like fruits (mericarps)

References

[edit]
  1. ^ "Elwendia persica (Boiss.) Pimenov & Kljuykov". Plants of the World Online. The Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. n.d. Retrieved September 20, 2020.
  2. ^ "Elwendia persica (Boiss.) Pimenov & Kljuykov". Global Diversity Information Facility. GBIF Secretariat. n.d. Retrieved September 20, 2020.
  3. ^ "Bunium persicum". Germplasm Resources Information Network. Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture. Retrieved 2022-11-28.
  4. ^ "Nigella sativa". Germplasm Resources Information Network. Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture. Retrieved 2022-11-28.
  5. ^ "Black seed". WebMD. Retrieved 28 November 2022.
[edit]
Wikispecies has information related to Elwendia persica.


Stub icon

This Apiaceae article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Elwendia_persica&oldid=1211496168"