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{{Short description|Extinct genus of snakes}}
{{automatic taxobox
{{Automatic taxobox
| fossil_range = [[Late Cretaceous]], {{fossilrange|90}}
| fossil_range = [[Late Cretaceous]], {{fossilrange|90}}
| image = Boli-ischi 100.jpg
| image_caption = Sacral region of the holotype of the “legged snake” ''Najash rionegrina''
| taxon = Najash
| taxon = Najash
| authority = Apesteguía & Zaher, 2006
| authority = Apesteguía & Zaher, 2006
Line 7: Line 10:
}}
}}


'''''Najash''''' is an [[extinct]] genus of [[basal (phylogenetics)|basal]] [[snake]] from the [[Late Cretaceous]] [[Candeleros Formation]] of [[Patagonia]].<ref name=AZ>{{cite journal |last1=Apesteguía |first1=S. |first2=H. |last2=Zaher |year=2006 |title=A Cretaceous terrestrial snake with robust hindlimbs and a sacrum |journal=[[Nature (journal)|Nature]] |volume=440 |issue=7087 |pages=1037–1040 |doi=10.1038/nature04413 |pmid=16625194 |bibcode=2006Natur.440.1037A |s2cid=4417196 }}</ref> Like a number of other [[Cretaceous]] and living snakes it retained [[hindlimb]]s, but ''Najash'' is unusual in having well-developed legs that extend outside the [[rib cage]], and a [[pelvis]] connected to the [[Vertebra|spine]].
⚫
{{Portal|Paleontology}}
⚫
'''''Najash''''' is an [[extinct]] genus of [[basal (phylogenetics)|basal]] [[snake]] from the Late Cretaceous [[Candeleros Formation]] of Patagonia.<ref name=AZ>{{cite journal |last=Apesteguía |first=S. |first2=H. |last2=Zaher |year=2006 |title=A Cretaceous terrestrial snake with robust hindlimbs and a sacrum |journal=[[Nature (journal)|Nature]] |volume=440 |issue=7087 |pages=1037–1040 |doi=10.1038/nature04413 |pmid=16625194 |ref=harv }}</ref> Like a number of other [[Cretaceous]] and living snakes it retained hindlimbs, but ''Najash'' is unusual in having well-developed legs that extend outside the rib cage, and a pelvis connected to the spine. Fossils of ''Najash'' were found in the terrestrial Candeleros Formation, in [[Río Negro Province|Rio Negro Province]], Argentina, and date to roughly 90 million years ago. The skull and spine of ''Najash'' show primitive features that resemble other Cretaceous snakes, such as ''[[Dinilysia]]'' and [[Madtsoiidae]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal|last=Garberoglio|first=Fernando F.|last2=Gómez|first2=Raúl O.|last3=Apesteguía|first3=Sebastián|last4=Caldwell|first4=Michael W.|last5=Sánchez|first5=María L.|last6=Veiga|first6=Gonzalo|date=2019-02-04|title=A new specimen with skull and vertebrae of ''Najash rionegrina'' (Lepidosauria: Ophidia) from the early Late Cretaceous of Patagonia|journal=Journal of Systematic Palaeontology|volume=17|issue=18|language=en|pages=1313–1330|doi=10.1080/14772019.2018.1534288|issn=1477-2019}}</ref> Also, several characteristics of the neck and tail of ''Najash'' and ''Dinilysia'' show how the [[body plan]] of snakes evolved from a lizard-like ancestor.<ref name=":1">{{Cite journal|last=Garberoglio|first=Fernando F.|last2=Gómez|first2=Raúl O.|last3=Simões|first3=Tiago R.|last4=Caldwell|first4=Michael W.|last5=Apesteguía|first5=Sebastián|date=2019|title=The evolution of the axial skeleton intercentrum system in snakes revealed by new data from the Cretaceous snakes ''Dinilysia'' and ''Najash''|journal=Scientific Reports|language=en|volume=9|issue=1|pages=|doi=10.1038/s41598-018-36979-9|pmid=30718525|issn=2045-2322|pmc=6362196}}</ref>


== Discovery and description ==
⚫
''Najash'' had not lost its [[sacrum]], the pelvic bone composed of several fused vertebrae, nor its [[pelvic girdle]], which are absent in modern snakes, and in all other known fossil snakes as well.<ref>Other known fossil snakes with developed hindlimbs, ''[[Haasiophis]]'', ''[[Pachyrhachis]]'' and ''[[Eupodophis]]''—all found in marine environments—all lack a sacral region.</ref> Nearly all phylogenetic analyses place ''Najash'' as an early shoot of the snake tree, outside of all living snakes.<ref name=AZ/><ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /><ref>{{cite journal |last=Longrich |first=N. R. |first2=B.-A. S. |last2=Bhullar |first3=Jacques A. |last3=Gauthier |displayauthors=2 |year=2012 |title=A transitional snake from the Late Cretaceous period of North America |journal=Nature |volume=488 |issue=7410 |pages=205–208 |doi=10.1038/nature11227 |pmid=22832579 |url=http://opus.bath.ac.uk/37338/3/00_Tetrapodophis_Science.pdf }}</ref>
⚫
[[Fossil]]s of ''Najash'' were found in the terrestrial [[Candeleros Formation]], in [[Río Negro Province|Rio Negro Province]], [[Argentina]], and date to roughly 90 million years ago. The [[skull]] and spine of ''Najash'' show primitive features that resemble other Cretaceous [[snake]]s, such as [[Dinilysia|''Dinilysia patagonica'']] and [[Madtsoiidae]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal|last1=Garberoglio|first1=Fernando F.|last2=Gómez|first2=Raúl O.|last3=Apesteguía|first3=Sebastián|last4=Caldwell|first4=Michael W.|last5=Sánchez|first5=María L.|last6=Veiga|first6=Gonzalo|date=2019-02-04|title=A new specimen with skull and vertebrae of ''Najash rionegrina'' (Lepidosauria: Ophidia) from the early Late Cretaceous of Patagonia|journal=Journal of Systematic Palaeontology|volume=17|issue=18|language=en|pages=1313–1330|doi=10.1080/14772019.2018.1534288|s2cid=91780191|issn=1477-2019}}</ref> Also, several characteristics of the neck and tail of ''Najash'' and ''[[Dinilysia|Dinilysia patagonica]]'' show how the [[body plan]] of snakes evolved from a lizard-like ancestor.<ref name=":1">{{Cite journal|last1=Garberoglio|first1=Fernando F.|last2=Gómez|first2=Raúl O.|last3=Simões|first3=Tiago R.|last4=Caldwell|first4=Michael W.|last5=Apesteguía|first5=Sebastián|date=2019|title=The evolution of the axial skeleton intercentrum system in snakes revealed by new data from the Cretaceous snakes ''Dinilysia'' and ''Najash''|journal=Scientific Reports|language=en|volume=9|issue=1|page=1276|doi=10.1038/s41598-018-36979-9|pmid=30718525|issn=2045-2322|pmc=6362196|bibcode=2019NatSR...9.1276G}}</ref>


⚫
''Najash'' had not lost its [[sacrum]], the [[Hip bone|pelvic bone]] composed of several fused [[vertebra]]e, nor its [[pelvic girdle]], which are absent in modern snakes, and in all other known [[fossil]] snakes as well.<ref>Other known fossil snakes with developed hindlimbs, ''[[Haasiophis]]'', ''[[Pachyrhachis]]'' and ''[[Eupodophis]]''—all found in marine environments—all lack a sacral region.</ref> Nearly all [[Phylogenetics|phylogenetic]] analyses place ''Najash'' as an early offshoot of the snake tree, outside of all living [[snake]]s.<ref name="AZ" /><ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Longrich |first1=N. R. |first2=B.-A. S. |last2=Bhullar |first3=Jacques A. |last3=Gauthier |display-authors=2 |year=2012 |title=A transitional snake from the Late Cretaceous period of North America |journal=Nature |volume=488 |issue=7410 |pages=205–208 |doi=10.1038/nature11227 |pmid=22832579 |bibcode=2012Natur.488..205L |s2cid=4411744 |url=http://opus.bath.ac.uk/37338/3/00_Tetrapodophis_Science.pdf }}</ref>
The generic name comes from the Spanish transliteration of the biblical legged snake of [[Book of Genesis|Genesis]], [[Serpents in the Bible|Naḥásh]], who tempted [[Adam and Eve]] to eat from a forbidden fruit tree.


==References==
== See also ==
⚫
{{Portal|Paleontology}}

* [[Madtsoiidae]]
* [[Dinilysia|''Dinilysia patagonica'']]
* [[Candeleros Formation]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}
{{Reflist}}


==External links==
==External links==
*[[:ka:ფაილი:Najash.jpg|Reconstruction of ''Najash'']]
*[http://photos1.blogger.com/hello/297/8739/1024/060419_snake_hips_02.jpg Pelvic region of a ''Najash'' fossil]
*[http://photos1.blogger.com/hello/297/8739/1024/060419_snake_hips_02.jpg Pelvic region of a ''Najash'' fossil]

{{Fossil snakes}}
{{Fossil snakes}}
{{Taxonbar|from=Q2720361}}
{{Taxonbar|from=Q2720361}}


[[Category:Cretaceous snakes]]
[[Category:Ophidia]]
[[Category:Late Cretaceous reptiles of South America]]
[[Category:Late Cretaceous reptiles of South America]]
[[Category:Candeleros Formation]]
[[Category:Candeleros Formation]]
[[Category:Fossil taxa described in 2006]]
[[Category:Cretaceous Argentina]]




Latest revision as of 10:25, 1 March 2024

Najash
Temporal range: Late Cretaceous, 90 Ma
↓
Sacral region of the holotype of the “legged snake” Najash rionegrina
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Reptilia
Order: Squamata
Clade: Ophidia
Genus: †Najash
Apesteguía & Zaher, 2006
Type species
Najash rionegrina
Apesteguía & Zaher, 2006

Najash is an extinct genus of basal snake from the Late Cretaceous Candeleros Formation of Patagonia.[1] Like a number of other Cretaceous and living snakes it retained hindlimbs, but Najash is unusual in having well-developed legs that extend outside the rib cage, and a pelvis connected to the spine.

Discovery and description

[edit]

Fossils of Najash were found in the terrestrial Candeleros Formation, in Rio Negro Province, Argentina, and date to roughly 90 million years ago. The skull and spine of Najash show primitive features that resemble other Cretaceous snakes, such as Dinilysia patagonica and Madtsoiidae.[2] Also, several characteristics of the neck and tail of Najash and Dinilysia patagonica show how the body plan of snakes evolved from a lizard-like ancestor.[3]

Najash had not lost its sacrum, the pelvic bone composed of several fused vertebrae, nor its pelvic girdle, which are absent in modern snakes, and in all other known fossil snakes as well.[4] Nearly all phylogenetic analyses place Najash as an early offshoot of the snake tree, outside of all living snakes.[1][2][3][5]

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b Apesteguía, S.; Zaher, H. (2006). "A Cretaceous terrestrial snake with robust hindlimbs and a sacrum". Nature. 440 (7087): 1037–1040. Bibcode:2006Natur.440.1037A. doi:10.1038/nature04413. PMID 16625194. S2CID 4417196.
  2. ^ a b Garberoglio, Fernando F.; Gómez, Raúl O.; Apesteguía, Sebastián; Caldwell, Michael W.; Sánchez, María L.; Veiga, Gonzalo (2019-02-04). "A new specimen with skull and vertebrae of Najash rionegrina (Lepidosauria: Ophidia) from the early Late Cretaceous of Patagonia". Journal of Systematic Palaeontology. 17 (18): 1313–1330. doi:10.1080/14772019.2018.1534288. ISSN 1477-2019. S2CID 91780191.
  3. ^ a b Garberoglio, Fernando F.; Gómez, Raúl O.; Simões, Tiago R.; Caldwell, Michael W.; Apesteguía, Sebastián (2019). "The evolution of the axial skeleton intercentrum system in snakes revealed by new data from the Cretaceous snakes Dinilysia and Najash". Scientific Reports. 9 (1): 1276. Bibcode:2019NatSR...9.1276G. doi:10.1038/s41598-018-36979-9. ISSN 2045-2322. PMC 6362196. PMID 30718525.
  4. ^ Other known fossil snakes with developed hindlimbs, Haasiophis, Pachyrhachis and Eupodophis—all found in marine environments—all lack a sacral region.
  5. ^ Longrich, N. R.; Bhullar, B.-A. S.; et al. (2012). "A transitional snake from the Late Cretaceous period of North America" (PDF). Nature. 488 (7410): 205–208. Bibcode:2012Natur.488..205L. doi:10.1038/nature11227. PMID 22832579. S2CID 4411744.
[edit]


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