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{{External media | image1=[http://www.superstoria.it/explorer/visualizza.asp?id=461 Supposed photos of Elyesa Bazna and Ludwig Carl Moyzisch]}}
'''Ludwig Carl Moyzisch''' (born 1905) was a diplomatic attaché of the [[Nazi Germany]] Embassy in [[Ankara, Turkey]] in 1943. Under this cover, he led Turkey the work of secret services German, including [[Elyesa Bazna]], codename 'Cicero'. Moyzisch wrote the book ''Operation Cicero'' in part to explain his role and activities working for the [[Sicherheitsdienst]] (SD). The book was subsequently adapted into the film ''[[5 Fingers]]'', staring [[James Mason]] as the spy.
'''Ludwig Carl Moyzisch''' (born 1905) was a diplomatic attaché of the [[Nazi Germany|Nazi German]] Embassy in [[Ankara, Turkey]] in 1943. Under this cover, he led the work of the German secret services in Turkey, including [[Elyesa Bazna]], codename 'Cicero'. Moyzisch wrote the book ''Operation Cicero'' in part to explain his role and activities working for the [[Sicherheitsdienst]] (SD). The book was subsequently adapted into the film ''[[5 Fingers]]'', starring [[James Mason]] as the spy.



==Biography==
==Biography==
Moyzisch was a journalist in [[Vienna]], Austria prior to becoming a member of Nazi Germany's intelligence services during World War II.<ref name="Delattre p. 132">{{cite book|author=Lucas Delattre|title=A Spy at the Heart of the Third Reich: The Extraordinary Story of Fritz Kolbe, America's Most Important Spy in World War II|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=PerFm77zs_4C&pg=PA132|date=1 December 2007|publisher=Grove/Atlantic, Incorporated|isbn=978-0-8021-9649-1|page=132}}</ref>
Moyzisch was born in Austria,<ref name="Wires p. 35">{{cite book|author=Richard Wires|title=The Cicero Spy Affair: German Access to British Secrets in World War II|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=iZSuePrAbu4C&pg=PA35|year=1999|publisher=Greenwood Publishing Group|isbn=978-0-275-96456-6|page=35}}</ref> and raised under the Catholic faith. His maternal grandmother was Jewish, which made him a second degree ''[[mischling]]'' [mixed race].<ref name="LeBor p. 240">{{cite book|author1=Adam LeBor|author2=Roger Boyes|title=Seduced by Hitler: The Choices of a Nation and the Ethics of Survival|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Hgr-zpplnXoC&pg=PA240|date=1 February 2004|publisher=Sourcebooks|isbn=978-1-57071-845-8|pages=240–1}}</ref><ref>Ironically according to Jewish Religious Law Moyzisch, his mother, and sister were Jewish by descent from His maternal grandmother</ref> Moyzisch was a journalist in [[Vienna]] prior to becoming a member of Nazi Germany's intelligence services during World War II.<ref name="Delattre p. 132">{{cite book|author=Lucas Delattre|title=A Spy at the Heart of the Third Reich: The Extraordinary Story of Fritz Kolbe, America's Most Important Spy in World War II|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PerFm77zs_4C&pg=PA132|date=1 December 2007|publisher=Grove/Atlantic, Incorporated|isbn=978-0-8021-9649-1|page=132}}</ref>


Although Moyzisch had some Jewish heritage, he was still accepted into the Nazi [[Sicherheitsdienst]] (SD).<ref name="Jorgensen p. 213">{{cite book|author=Christer Jorgensen|title=Hitler's Espionage Machine: The True Story Behind One of the World's Most Ruthless Spy Networks|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=nG6KnCw1f9cC&pg=PA213|year=2004|publisher=Lyons Press|isbn=978-1-59228-326-2|page=213}}</ref> He had an official title of commercial attaché in Ankara, while secretly working there as SD chief by October 1943.<ref name="Jorgensen p. 107">{{cite book|author=Christer Jorgensen|title=Hitler's Espionage Machine: The True Story Behind One of the World's Most Ruthless Spy Networks|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=nG6KnCw1f9cC&pg=PA107|year=2004|publisher=Lyons Press|isbn=978-1-59228-326-2|page=107}}</ref><ref name="Delattre p. 132">{{cite book|author=Lucas Delattre|title=A Spy at the Heart of the Third Reich: The Extraordinary Story of Fritz Kolbe, America's Most Important Spy in World War II|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=PerFm77zs_4C&pg=PA132|date=1 December 2007|publisher=Grove/Atlantic, Incorporated|isbn=978-0-8021-9649-1|page=132}}</ref>
Although Moyzisch had some Jewish heritage, he was still accepted into the Nazi [[Sicherheitsdienst]] (SD).<ref name="Jorgensen p. 213">{{cite book|author=Christer Jorgensen|title=Hitler's Espionage Machine: The True Story Behind One of the World's Most Ruthless Spy Networks|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nG6KnCw1f9cC&pg=PA213|year=2004|publisher=Lyons Press|isbn=978-1-59228-326-2|page=213}}</ref> This was accomplished in part by becoming a member of the Nazi Party.<ref name="LeBor p. 240" />

He had an official title of commercial attaché in Ankara, while secretly working there as SD chief.<ref name="Delattre p. 132"/><ref name="Jorgensen p. 107">{{cite book|author=Christer Jorgensen|title=Hitler's Espionage Machine: The True Story Behind One of the World's Most Ruthless Spy Networks|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nG6KnCw1f9cC&pg=PA107|year=2004|publisher=Lyons Press|isbn=978-1-59228-326-2|page=107}}</ref> He reported to [[Walter Schellenberg]] while in Ankara during 1941–1944.<ref name="Wires p. 6">{{cite book|author=Richard Wires|title=The Cicero Spy Affair: German Access to British Secrets in World War II|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=iZSuePrAbu4C&pg=PA6|year=1999|publisher=Greenwood Publishing Group|isbn=978-0-275-96456-6|page=6}}</ref> Moyzisch lived in Ankara with his wife and son, but he was unable to get his mother and sister out of Germany.<ref name="LeBor p. 240" /> Schellenberg and Himmler were quite impressed by the efficient, professional, and friendly manner in which he worked. An SS officer intervened when an anonymous letter was sent to the regime stating that Moyzisch was part Jewish.<ref name="LeBor p. 240" />


==Cicero Affair==
==Cicero Affair==
{{main|Elyesa Bazna}}
{{main|Elyesa Bazna}}
'Cicero' is the SD code name given by the Germans to Elyesa Bazna,<ref name="Adams" /><ref name="Trenear-Harvey">{{cite book|author=Glenmore S. Trenear-Harvey|title=Historical Dictionary of Intelligence Failures|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=DTOaBQAAQBAJ&pg=PA44|date=20 November 2014|publisher=Rowman & Littlefield Publishers|isbn=978-1-4422-3274-7|pages=44–47}}</ref> a valet for the British ambassador [[Hughe Knatchbull-Hugessen|Sir Hughe Knatchbull-Hugessen]] in the city of Ankara in Turkey,<ref name="FCO p. 10">{{cite web | url=https://issuu.com/fcohistorians/docs/hpdfba_7 | title=The Cicero Papers | publisher=Foreign and Commonwealth Office | date=March 2005 | accessdate=May 28, 2016 | author=FCO Historians |page=10}}</ref> a neutral country during World War II.<ref name="Zurcher">{{cite book | author=Erik J. Zurcher | title=Turkey: A Modern History | edition=3rd | year=2004 | pages=203-5 }}</ref><ref name="Edwards">{{cite journal | author=A. C. Edwards | title=The Impact of the War on Turkey | journal=International Affairs | year=1946 | volume=22 | number=3 | pages =389-400 | url=http://www.jstor.org/stable/3017044 | via=JSTOR}}</ref>
'Cicero' is the SD code name given by the Germans to Elyesa Bazna,<ref name="Adams" /><ref name="Trenear-Harvey">{{cite book|author=Glenmore S. Trenear-Harvey|title=Historical Dictionary of Intelligence Failures|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DTOaBQAAQBAJ&pg=PA44|date=20 November 2014|publisher=Rowman & Littlefield Publishers|isbn=978-1-4422-3274-7|pages=44–47}}</ref> a valet for the British ambassador [[Hughe Knatchbull-Hugessen|Sir Hughe Knatchbull-Hugessen]] in the city of Ankara in Turkey,<ref name="FCO p. 10">{{cite web | url=https://issuu.com/fcohistorians/docs/hpdfba_7 | title=The Cicero Papers | publisher=Foreign and Commonwealth Office | date=March 2005 | accessdate=May 28, 2016 | author=FCO Historians |page=10}}</ref> a neutral country during most part of World War II.<ref name="Zurcher">{{cite book | author=Erik J. Zurcher | title=Turkey: A Modern History | edition=3rd | year=2004 | pages=203–5 }}</ref><ref name="Edwards">{{cite journal | author=A. C. Edwards | title=The Impact of the War on Turkey | journal=International Affairs | year=1946 | volume=22 | number=3 | pages =389–400 | doi=10.2307/3017044 | jstor=3017044 }}</ref>


The information that he leaked is believed to have been potentially among the more damaging disclosures made by a Second World War spy but conflicts inside the highest echelons of the German government meant that little if any of it was acted upon.<ref name="Adams">{{cite book|author=Jefferson Adams|title=Historical Dictionary of German Intelligence|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=gnEWm4kC844C&pg=PA69|date=September 1, 2009|publisher=Scarecrow Press|isbn=978-0-8108-6320-0|pages=69–70|chapter=Cicero Affair}}</ref>
The information that he leaked is believed to have been potentially among the more damaging disclosures made by a Second World War spy but conflicts inside the highest echelons of the German government meant that little if any of it was acted upon.<ref name="Adams">{{cite book|author=Jefferson Adams|title=Historical Dictionary of German Intelligence|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gnEWm4kC844C&pg=PA69|date=September 1, 2009|publisher=Scarecrow Press|isbn=978-0-8108-6320-0|pages=69–70|chapter=Cicero Affair}}</ref>


==After the war==
==After the war==
At the end of the World War II, he was aggressively interviewed by the Allies and gave witness during war trials at Nuremberg, after which he wrote a book to address rumors and explain his role during the war. He was never charged with a war crime.<ref name="Wires p. 178">{{cite book|author=Richard Wires|title=The Cicero Spy Affair: German Access to British Secrets in World War II|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=iZSuePrAbu4C&pg=PA178|year=1999|publisher=Greenwood Publishing Group|isbn=978-0-275-96456-6|page=178}}</ref>
At the end of the World War II, he was suspected of war crimes, following the discovery of a letter from von Papen to Himmler stating their excellent services. He hid in French occupied area in Austria. He published a book to explain his role during the war.


==''Operation Cicero''==
==''Operation Cicero''==
Moyzisch published his memoirs in 1950 with a book named ''Operation Cicero.''<ref name="Polmar Allen">{{cite book|author1=Norman Polmar|author2=Thomas B. Allen|title=World War II: the Encyclopedia of the War Years, 1941–1945|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=30gRAGjXrIIC&pg=PA211|date=15 August 2012|publisher=Courier Corporation|isbn=978-0-486-47962-0|page=211}}</ref>{{efn|Both books by Bazna and Moyzisch had “factual errors”, according to Jefferson Adams.<ref name="Adams" /> |name=fn2}} Franz von Papen and [[Allen Dulles]], wartime head of the OSS, suggested that there was more to the story than what had emerged in the book. Neither elaborated.<ref name="CIA">{{cite web | url=https://www.cia.gov/library/center-for-the-study-of-intelligence/kent-csi/vol1no4/html/v01i4a06p_0001.htm | title=Footnote to Cicero, CIA Historical Review Program | publisher=[[Central Intelligence Agency]] | date= September 18, 2016 | accessdate=May 27, 2016 }}{{US government sources}}</ref> Twelve years later, in 1962, ''I was Cicero'' was published by 'Cicero' himself.<ref name="Polmar Allen" /><ref>{{cite book | author=Elyesa Bazna, Elyesa |title=I was Cicero | location=London | publisher=A. Deutsch | year=1962 | lccn=62048893 }}</ref>{{efn|name=fn2}}
Moyzisch published his memoirs in 1950 with a book named ''Operation Cicero.''<ref name="Polmar Allen">{{cite book|author1=Norman Polmar|author2=Thomas B. Allen|title=World War II: the Encyclopedia of the War Years, 1941–1945|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=30gRAGjXrIIC&pg=PA211|date=15 August 2012|publisher=Courier Corporation|isbn=978-0-486-47962-0|page=211}}</ref>{{efn|Both books by Bazna and Moyzisch had "factual errors", according to Jefferson Adams.<ref name="Adams" /> |name=fn2}} Richard Wires, author of ''The Cicero Spy Affair'' stated that he found the book to be a "sensational narrative" with misrepresentations and omissions. Wires speculated that Moyzisch may not have known that Bazna was still alive.<ref name="Wires p. 178" /> [[Franz von Papen]] and [[Allen Dulles]], wartime head of the OSS, suggested that there was more to the story than what had emerged in the book. Neither elaborated.<ref name="CIA">{{cite web | url=https://www.cia.gov/library/center-for-the-study-of-intelligence/kent-csi/vol1no4/html/v01i4a06p_0001.htm | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080109184845/https://www.cia.gov/library/center-for-the-study-of-intelligence/kent-csi/vol1no4/html/v01i4a06p_0001.htm | url-status=dead | archive-date=January 9, 2008 | title=Footnote to Cicero, CIA Historical Review Program | publisher=[[Central Intelligence Agency]] | date= September 18, 2016 | accessdate=May 27, 2016 }}{{US government sources}}</ref> Twelve years later, in 1962, ''I was Cicero'' was published by 'Cicero' himself.<ref name="Polmar Allen" /><ref>{{cite book | author=Elyesa Bazna, Elyesa |title=I was Cicero | location=London | publisher=A. Deutsch | year=1962 | lccn=62048893 }}</ref>{{efn|name=fn2}}


A film based on the book ''Operation Cicero'' by L.C. Moyzisch was released by [[20th Century Fox]] in 1952. It was titled ''[[5 Fingers]]'' and directed by [[Joseph L. Mankiewicz]]. Bazna, renamed Ulysses Diello, was played by [[James Mason]].<ref>{{cite book|author=Kevin Sweeney|title=James Mason: A Bio-bibliography|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=DVtVA4EajSgC&pg=PA124|year=1999|publisher=Greenwood Publishing Group|isbn=978-0-313-28496-0|pages=124–125}}</ref>
A film based on the book ''Operation Cicero'' by L.C. Moyzisch was released by [[20th Century Fox]] in 1952. It was titled ''[[5 Fingers]]'' and directed by [[Joseph L. Mankiewicz]]. Bazna, renamed Ulysses Diello, was played by [[James Mason]].<ref>{{cite book|author=Kevin Sweeney|title=James Mason: A Bio-bibliography|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DVtVA4EajSgC&pg=PA124|year=1999|publisher=Greenwood Publishing Group|isbn=978-0-313-28496-0|pages=124–125}}</ref>

==Later years==
Moyzisch returned to Austria where he wrote his book and worked as a businessman.<ref name="Wires p. 179">{{cite book|author=Richard Wires|title=The Cicero Spy Affair: German Access to British Secrets in World War II|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=iZSuePrAbu4C&pg=PA179|year=1999|publisher=Greenwood Publishing Group|isbn=978-0-275-96456-6|page=179}}</ref>


==Notes==
==Notes==
{{notelist}}
{{notelist}}
==Online references==

*[https://forum.axishistory.com/viewtopic.php?t=216753 picture of Ludwig Carl Moyzisch]
==References==
==References==
{{reflist}}
{{reflist}}


{{Authority control|VIAF=33013957|ISNI=0000 0001 0778 1645}}
{{Authority control}}


{{DEFAULTSORT:Moyzisch, Ludwig Carl}}
[[Category:People of Nazi Germany]]
[[Category:Officials of Nazi Germany]]
[[Category:German diplomats]]
[[Category:German diplomats]]
[[Category:1905 births]]
[[Category:Diplomats from Vienna]]
[[Category:World War II spies for Germany]]
[[Category:Year of death missing]]
[[Category:Commercial attachés]]
[[Category:Austrian people of Jewish descent]]
[[Category:Austrian Nazis]]

Latest revision as of 00:01, 23 February 2024

External image
image icon Supposed photos of Elyesa Bazna and Ludwig Carl Moyzisch

Ludwig Carl Moyzisch (born 1905) was a diplomatic attaché of the Nazi German Embassy in Ankara, Turkey in 1943. Under this cover, he led the work of the German secret services in Turkey, including Elyesa Bazna, codename 'Cicero'. Moyzisch wrote the book Operation Cicero in part to explain his role and activities working for the Sicherheitsdienst (SD). The book was subsequently adapted into the film 5 Fingers, starring James Mason as the spy.

Biography

[edit]

Moyzisch was born in Austria,[1] and raised under the Catholic faith. His maternal grandmother was Jewish, which made him a second degree mischling [mixed race].[2][3] Moyzisch was a journalist in Vienna prior to becoming a member of Nazi Germany's intelligence services during World War II.[4]

Although Moyzisch had some Jewish heritage, he was still accepted into the Nazi Sicherheitsdienst (SD).[5] This was accomplished in part by becoming a member of the Nazi Party.[2]

He had an official title of commercial attaché in Ankara, while secretly working there as SD chief.[4][6] He reported to Walter Schellenberg while in Ankara during 1941–1944.[7] Moyzisch lived in Ankara with his wife and son, but he was unable to get his mother and sister out of Germany.[2] Schellenberg and Himmler were quite impressed by the efficient, professional, and friendly manner in which he worked. An SS officer intervened when an anonymous letter was sent to the regime stating that Moyzisch was part Jewish.[2]

Cicero Affair

[edit]
Main article: Elyesa Bazna

'Cicero' is the SD code name given by the Germans to Elyesa Bazna,[8][9] a valet for the British ambassador Sir Hughe Knatchbull-Hugessen in the city of Ankara in Turkey,[10] a neutral country during most part of World War II.[11][12]

The information that he leaked is believed to have been potentially among the more damaging disclosures made by a Second World War spy but conflicts inside the highest echelons of the German government meant that little if any of it was acted upon.[8]

After the war

[edit]

At the end of the World War II, he was aggressively interviewed by the Allies and gave witness during war trials at Nuremberg, after which he wrote a book to address rumors and explain his role during the war. He was never charged with a war crime.[13]

Operation Cicero

[edit]

Moyzisch published his memoirs in 1950 with a book named Operation Cicero.[14][a] Richard Wires, author of The Cicero Spy Affair stated that he found the book to be a "sensational narrative" with misrepresentations and omissions. Wires speculated that Moyzisch may not have known that Bazna was still alive.[13] Franz von Papen and Allen Dulles, wartime head of the OSS, suggested that there was more to the story than what had emerged in the book. Neither elaborated.[15] Twelve years later, in 1962, I was Cicero was published by 'Cicero' himself.[14][16][a]

A film based on the book Operation Cicero by L.C. Moyzisch was released by 20th Century Fox in 1952. It was titled 5 Fingers and directed by Joseph L. Mankiewicz. Bazna, renamed Ulysses Diello, was played by James Mason.[17]

Later years

[edit]

Moyzisch returned to Austria where he wrote his book and worked as a businessman.[18]

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^ a b Both books by Bazna and Moyzisch had "factual errors", according to Jefferson Adams.[8]

Online references

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Richard Wires (1999). The Cicero Spy Affair: German Access to British Secrets in World War II. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 35. ISBN 978-0-275-96456-6.
  2. ^ a b c d Adam LeBor; Roger Boyes (1 February 2004). Seduced by Hitler: The Choices of a Nation and the Ethics of Survival. Sourcebooks. pp. 240–1. ISBN 978-1-57071-845-8.
  3. ^ Ironically according to Jewish Religious Law Moyzisch, his mother, and sister were Jewish by descent from His maternal grandmother
  4. ^ a b Lucas Delattre (1 December 2007). A Spy at the Heart of the Third Reich: The Extraordinary Story of Fritz Kolbe, America's Most Important Spy in World War II. Grove/Atlantic, Incorporated. p. 132. ISBN 978-0-8021-9649-1.
  5. ^ Christer Jorgensen (2004). Hitler's Espionage Machine: The True Story Behind One of the World's Most Ruthless Spy Networks. Lyons Press. p. 213. ISBN 978-1-59228-326-2.
  6. ^ Christer Jorgensen (2004). Hitler's Espionage Machine: The True Story Behind One of the World's Most Ruthless Spy Networks. Lyons Press. p. 107. ISBN 978-1-59228-326-2.
  7. ^ Richard Wires (1999). The Cicero Spy Affair: German Access to British Secrets in World War II. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 6. ISBN 978-0-275-96456-6.
  8. ^ a b c Jefferson Adams (September 1, 2009). "Cicero Affair". Historical Dictionary of German Intelligence. Scarecrow Press. pp. 69–70. ISBN 978-0-8108-6320-0.
  9. ^ Glenmore S. Trenear-Harvey (20 November 2014). Historical Dictionary of Intelligence Failures. Rowman & Littlefield Publishers. pp. 44–47. ISBN 978-1-4422-3274-7.
  10. ^ FCO Historians (March 2005). "The Cicero Papers". Foreign and Commonwealth Office. p. 10. Retrieved May 28, 2016.
  11. ^ Erik J. Zurcher (2004). Turkey: A Modern History (3rd ed.). pp. 203–5.
  12. ^ A. C. Edwards (1946). "The Impact of the War on Turkey". International Affairs. 22 (3): 389–400. doi:10.2307/3017044. JSTOR 3017044.
  13. ^ a b Richard Wires (1999). The Cicero Spy Affair: German Access to British Secrets in World War II. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 178. ISBN 978-0-275-96456-6.
  14. ^ a b Norman Polmar; Thomas B. Allen (15 August 2012). World War II: the Encyclopedia of the War Years, 1941–1945. Courier Corporation. p. 211. ISBN 978-0-486-47962-0.
  15. ^ "Footnote to Cicero, CIA Historical Review Program". Central Intelligence Agency. September 18, 2016. Archived from the original on January 9, 2008. Retrieved May 27, 2016.Public Domain This article incorporates public domain material from websites or documents of the United States Government.
  16. ^ Elyesa Bazna, Elyesa (1962). I was Cicero. London: A. Deutsch. LCCN 62048893.
  17. ^ Kevin Sweeney (1999). James Mason: A Bio-bibliography. Greenwood Publishing Group. pp. 124–125. ISBN 978-0-313-28496-0.
  18. ^ Richard Wires (1999). The Cicero Spy Affair: German Access to British Secrets in World War II. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 179. ISBN 978-0-275-96456-6.
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