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{{Infobox former subdivision
{{Infobox former subdivision
|native_name = {{aut|Provincia Augustamnica}}<br>{{lang|grc|ἐπαρχία Αὑγουσταμνικῆς}}
|native_name = {{aut|Provincia Augustamnica}}<br>{{lang|grc|ἐπαρχία Αὐγουσταμνικῆς}}
|conventional_long_name =
|conventional_long_name =
|common_name = Augustamnica
|common_name = Augustamnica
|continent = Africa, Asia
|subdivision = [[Byzantine province|Province]]
|subdivision = [[Byzantine province|Province]]
|nation = the [[Byzantine Empire]]
|nation = the [[Byzantine Empire]]
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|image_map_caption =
|image_map_caption =
|life_span =
|life_span =
|year_start = 4th Century
|year_start = 315
|event_start =
|event_start =
|event1 =
|event1 =
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|event_end = [[Arab-Byzantine Wars]]
|event_end = [[Arab-Byzantine Wars]]
|today = {{flag|Egypt}}
|today = {{flag|Egypt}}
|p1 = Roman Empire
|p1 = Roman Egypt
|flag_p1 = Vexilloid of the Roman Empire.svg
|flag_p1 = Vexilloid of the Roman Empire.svg
|s1 = Rashidun Caliphate
|s1 = Rashidun Caliphate
|flag_s1 = black flag.svg
|flag_s1 =
}}
}}


[[File:Dioecesis Aegypti 400 AD.png|thumb|right|300px|Map of the late Roman [[Diocese of Egypt (Late Antiquity)|Diocese of Egypt]], with Augustamnica in the East.]]
'''''Augustamnica''''' ([[Latin]]) or '''''Augoustamnike''''' ([[Greek language|Greek]]) was a [[Roman Empire|Roman]] [[Roman province|province]] of [[Egypt]]<ref>Barrington Atlas of the Greek and Roman World, p. 102</ref> created during the 4th century and was part of the [[Diocese of Oriens]] first and then of the [[Diocese of Egypt (Late Antiquity)|Diocese of Egypt]], until the [[Muslim conquest of Egypt]] in the 640s.

'''''Augustamnica''''' ([[Latin]]) or '''''Augoustamnike''''' ([[Greek language|Greek]]) was a [[Roman Empire|Roman]] [[Roman province|province]] of [[Egypt]]<ref>Barrington Atlas of the Greek and Roman World, p. 102</ref> created during the 5th century and was part of the [[Diocese of Oriens]] first and then of the [[Diocese of Egypt (Late Antiquity)|Diocese of Egypt]], until the [[Muslim conquest of Egypt]] in the 640s.


Some ancient episcopal sees of the province are included in the [[Catholic Church]]'s list of [[titular see]]s.<ref name=AP/>
Some ancient episcopal sees of the province are included in the [[Catholic Church]]'s list of [[titular see]]s.<ref name=AP/>


== Augustamnica ==
== Augustamnica ==
⚫
The province was instituted in [[tetrarchy|tetrarchic]] times under the name of '''''Aegyptus Herculia''''' (for [[Diocletian]]'s colleague [[Maximian]]), with ancient [[Memphis, Egypt|Memphis]] as capital (315-325), but later re-merged in Aegyptus. In 341 the province was reconstituted, but the name was changed into ''Augustamnica'' to remove pagan connotations. It consisted of the Eastern part of the [[Nile River delta|Nile delta]] and the ancient ''[[Heptanomia]]'', and belonged to the [[Diocese of Oriens]].<ref>Alan K. Bowman, ''Egypt after the pharaohs: 332 BC-AD 642. From Alexander to the Arab Conquest'', University of California Press, 1996, {{ISBN|0-520-20531-6}}, p. 79.</ref><ref name="keenan">Keenan, p. 613.</ref>


[[File:Dioecesis Aegypti 400 AD.png|thumb|right|300px|Map of the late Roman [[Diocese of Egypt (Late Antiquity)|Diocese of Egypt]], with Augustamnica in the East.]]
⚫
The province was instituted in [[tetrarchy|tetrarchic]] times with the name of '''''Aegyptus Herculia''''' (for Diocletian's colleague [[Maximian]]) with ancient [[Memphis, Egypt|Memphis]] as capital (315-325), but later re-merged in Aegyptus. In 341 the province was reconstituted, but the name was changed into ''Augustamnica'' to remove pagan connotations. It consisted of the Eastern part of the [[Nile River delta|Nile delta]] and the ancient ''[[Heptanomia]]'', and belonged to the [[Diocese of Oriens]].<ref>Alan K. Bowman, ''Egypt after the pharaohs: 332 BC-AD 642. From Alexander to the Arab Conquest'', University of California Press, 1996, ISBN 0-520-20531-6, p. 79.</ref><ref name="keenan">Keenan, p. 613.</ref>


Augustamnica was the only Egyptian province under a [[Corrector]], a lower ranking governor.
Augustamnica was the only Egyptian province under a [[corrector]], a lower ranking governor.


Around 381 the provinces of Egypt become a diocese in their own, and so Augustamnica become part of the Diocese of Egypt. Between 386 and the end of the 4th century the new province of [[Arcadia Aegypti|Arcadia]], named after Emperor [[Arcadius]], was created with territory from Augustamnica, the ''Heptanomia'';<ref name="keenan" /> Augustamnica's capital was moved to [[Pelusium]].
Around 381 the provinces of Egypt become a diocese in their own, and so Augustamnica become part of the Diocese of Egypt. Between 386 and the end of the 4th century the new province of [[Arcadia Aegypti]], named after Emperor [[Arcadius]], was created with territory from Augustamnica, the ''Heptanomia'';<ref name="keenan" /> Augustamnica's capital was moved to [[Pelusium]].


From the military point of view, the province was under the ''Comes limitis Aegypti''. According to the ''[[Notitia dignitatum]]'', the province hosted several military units:
From the military point of view, the province was under the ''Comes limitis Aegypti''. According to the ''[[Notitia dignitatum]]'', the province hosted several military units:<ref>''Notitia Dignitatum In partibus Orientis'', XXVIII.</ref>
*''Ala secunda Ulpia Afrorum'' at Thaubasteos
*''Ala secunda Ulpia Afrorum'' at Thaubasteos
*''Ala secunda Aegyptiorum'' at Tacasiria,
*''Ala secunda Aegyptiorum'' at Tacasiria,
Line 46: Line 44:
*''Cohors prima Epireorum'' at Castra Iudaeorum
*''Cohors prima Epireorum'' at Castra Iudaeorum
*''Cohors quarta Iuthungorum'' at Affroditus
*''Cohors quarta Iuthungorum'' at Affroditus
*''Cohors secunda Ituraeorum'' at Aiy
*[[II Ituraeorum|''Cohors secunda Ituraeorum'']] at Aiy
*''Cohors secunda Thracum'' at Muson
*''Cohors secunda Thracum'' at Muson
*''Cohors quarta Numidarum'' at Narmunthi
*''Cohors quarta Numidarum'' at Narmunthi
<ref>''Notitia Dignitatum In partibus Orientis'', XXVIII.</ref>


== Augustamnica I and II ==
== Augustamnica I and II ==

Before 539, Augustamnica was divided into two provinces: '''''Augustamnica Prima''''' (First - North) and '''''Augustamnica Secunda''''' (Second - South).<ref name="keenan"/>
Before 539, Augustamnica was divided into two provinces: '''''Augustamnica Prima''''' (First - North) and '''''Augustamnica Secunda''''' (Second - South).<ref name="keenan"/>


Augustamnica Prima had [[Pelusium]] as ''metropolis'' (administrative centre) and was under a ''[[corrector]]'', who governed the following cities: [[Pelusium]], Setroithes (or Sethroitis), Tanis, [[Thmuis]], Rhinocorura, [[Ostracine]] (or Ostracina), Pentaschoinon, [[Casium]], Aphnaion, [[Hephaestus, Egypt|Hephaestus]], Panephysis, the Tents outside Gerra, the Tents inside Gerra, [[Thennesus]], Panephusis.<ref>Georgius Cyprius, 685-700; Hierocles, Synecdemos 726:3-727:6.</ref>
Augustamnica Prima had [[Pelusium]] as ''metropolis'' (administrative centre) and was under a ''[[corrector]]'', who governed the following cities: [[Pelusium]], Setroithes (or Sethroitis), Tanis, [[Thmuis]], Rhinocorura, [[Ostracine]] (or Ostracina), Pentaschoinon, [[Casium]], Aphnaion, [[Hephaestus, Egypt|Hephaestus]], Panephysis, the Tents outside Gerra, the Tents inside Gerra, [[Thennesus]], Panephusis.<ref>Georgius Cyprius, 685-700; Hierocles, Synecdemos 726:3-727:6.</ref>

Leontopolis was the capital of Augustamnica Secunda.


== Episcopal sees ==
== Episcopal sees ==
⚫
Ancient episcopal sees of Augustamnica I listed in the ''[[Annuario Pontificio]]'' as [[titular see]]s:<ref name=AP>''Annuario Pontificio 2013'' (Libreria Editrice Vaticana 2013 {{ISBN|978-88-209-9070-1}}), "Sedi titolari", pp. 819-1013</ref>

⚫
{{columns-list|colwidth=22em|
⚫
Ancient episcopal sees of Augustamnica I listed in the ''[[Annuario Pontificio]]'' as [[titular see]]s:<ref name=AP>''Annuario Pontificio 2013'' (Libreria Editrice Vaticana 2013 ISBN 978-88-209-9070-1), "Sedi titolari", pp. 819-1013</ref>
⚫
* [[Aphnaeum]] (ruins of Tell-Defenneh?)
⚫
{{columns-list|3|
* [[Casius (see)|Casius]]
⚫
*Aphnaeum (ruins of Tell-Defenneh?)
*[[Casius]]
* [[Damiata]]
*[[Damiata]]
* [[Gera (Egypt)|Gera]]
⚫
* [[Hephaestus, Egypt|Hephaestus]]
*Gera
⚫
* [[Ostracine]]
⚫
*[[Hephaestus, Egypt|Hephaestus]]
⚫
* [[Panephysis]] (near Lake Menzaleh)
⚫
*[[Ostracine]]
* '''[[Pelusium]], the Metropolitan Archbishopric'''
⚫
*Panephysis (near Lake Menzaleh)
*[[Pelusium]]
* [[Phacusa]]
⚫
* [[Rhinocorura]] (Arish)
*[[Phacusa]]
⚫
* [[Sata (Shaṭa)|Shata]]
⚫
*[[Arish|Rhinocorura]]
⚫
* Sela (near [[El Qantara]])
⚫
*Sata (Shaṭa)
⚫
* [[Sethroë]] (between San-El-Hagar and Tell-Farama)
⚫
*Sela (near [[El Qantara]])
* [[Tamiathis]]
⚫
*Sethroë (between San-El-Hagar and Tell-Farama)
*[[Tamiathis]]
* [[Tanis]]
⚫
* [[Thennesus (titular see)|Thennesus]]
*[[Tanis]]
* [[Thmuis]]
⚫
*[[Thennesus (titular see)|Thennesus]]
*[[Thmuis]]
}}
}}


Ancient episcopal sees of Augustamnica II listed in the ''[[Annuario Pontificio]]'' as [[titular see]]s:<ref name=AP/>
Ancient episcopal sees of Augustamnica II listed in the ''[[Annuario Pontificio]]'' as [[titular see]]s:<ref name=AP/>
{{columns-list|3|
{{columns-list|colwidth=22em|
*Arabia (Uadi-Tumilat)
* Arabia (Uadi-Tumilat)
*[[Athribis]]
* [[Athribis]]
*[[Babylon Fortress|Babylon]]
* [[Babylon Fortress|Babylon]]
*[[Bubastis]]
* [[Bubastis]]
*[[Kolzum|Clysma]]
* [[Kolzum|Clysma]]
*[[Heliopolis (ancient)|Heliopolis in Augustamnica]]
* [[Heliopolis (Ancient Egypt)|Heliopolis in Augustamnica]]
*[[Leontopolis|Leontopolis in Augustamnica]]
* '''[[Leontopolis|Leontopolis in Augustamnica]], the Metropolitan archbishopric'''
*[[Pharbaetus]]
* [[Pharbaetus]]
*[[Bilbeis|Phelbes]]
* [[Bilbeis|Phelbes]]
}}
}}


== Notes ==
== Notes ==

{{reflist}}
{{reflist}}


== References ==
== References ==
* {{cite book | last = Keenan | first = James K. | chapter = Egypt | pages = 612–637 | title=The Cambridge Ancient History, Volume XIV - Late Antiquity: Empire and Successors, A.D. 425–600 | editor1-last=Cameron | editor1-first=Averil | editor2-last=Ward-Perkins |editor2-first=Bryan | editor3-last=Whitby | editor3-first=Michael | publisher=Cambridge University Press |year=2000 | isbn=978-0-521-32591-2 | url = http://books.google.com/books?id=Qf8mrHjfZRoC&pg=PA612#v=onepage&q&f=false}}
* {{cite book | last = Keenan | first = James K. | chapter = Egypt | pages = 612–637 | title=The Cambridge Ancient History, Volume XIV - Late Antiquity: Empire and Successors, A.D. 425–600 | editor1-last=Cameron | editor1-first=Averil | editor2-last=Ward-Perkins |editor2-first=Bryan | editor3-last=Whitby | editor3-first=Michael | publisher=Cambridge University Press |year=2000 | isbn=978-0-521-32591-2 | chapter-url = https://books.google.com/books?id=Qf8mrHjfZRoC&pg=PA612}}


{{Late Roman Provinces|state=collapsed}}
{{Late Roman Provinces|state=collapsed}}
[[Category:310s establishments in the Roman Empire]]
[[Category:States and territories established in the 310s]]
[[Category:Byzantine Egypt]]
[[Category:Byzantine Egypt]]
[[Category:Late Roman provinces]]
[[Category:Late Roman provinces]]
[[Category:Roman Egypt]]
[[Category:Roman Egypt]]
[[Category:Pelusium]]

Latest revision as of 00:03, 20 February 2024

Provincia Augustamnica
ἐπαρχία Αὐγουσταμνικῆς
Province of the Byzantine Empire
315–641
CapitalPelusium
Historical eraAntiquity
• Established
315
641
Preceded by		 Succeeded by
Roman Egypt
Rashidun Caliphate
Today part of Egypt

Augustamnica (Latin) or Augoustamnike (Greek) was a Roman province of Egypt[1] created during the 4th century and was part of the Diocese of Oriens first and then of the Diocese of Egypt, until the Muslim conquest of Egypt in the 640s.

Some ancient episcopal sees of the province are included in the Catholic Church's list of titular sees.[2]

Augustamnica

[edit]

The province was instituted in tetrarchic times under the name of Aegyptus Herculia (for Diocletian's colleague Maximian), with ancient Memphis as capital (315-325), but later re-merged in Aegyptus. In 341 the province was reconstituted, but the name was changed into Augustamnica to remove pagan connotations. It consisted of the Eastern part of the Nile delta and the ancient Heptanomia, and belonged to the Diocese of Oriens.[3][4]

Map of the late Roman Diocese of Egypt, with Augustamnica in the East.

Augustamnica was the only Egyptian province under a corrector, a lower ranking governor.

Around 381 the provinces of Egypt become a diocese in their own, and so Augustamnica become part of the Diocese of Egypt. Between 386 and the end of the 4th century the new province of Arcadia Aegypti, named after Emperor Arcadius, was created with territory from Augustamnica, the Heptanomia;[4] Augustamnica's capital was moved to Pelusium.

From the military point of view, the province was under the Comes limitis Aegypti. According to the Notitia dignitatum, the province hosted several military units:[5]

  • Ala secunda Ulpia Afrorum at Thaubasteos
  • Ala secunda Aegyptiorum at Tacasiria,
  • Cohors prima sagittariorum at Naithu
  • Cohors prima Augusta Pannoniorum at Tohu,
  • Cohors prima Epireorum at Castra Iudaeorum
  • Cohors quarta Iuthungorum at Affroditus
  • Cohors secunda Ituraeorum at Aiy
  • Cohors secunda Thracum at Muson
  • Cohors quarta Numidarum at Narmunthi

Augustamnica I and II

[edit]

Before 539, Augustamnica was divided into two provinces: Augustamnica Prima (First - North) and Augustamnica Secunda (Second - South).[4]

Augustamnica Prima had Pelusium as metropolis (administrative centre) and was under a corrector, who governed the following cities: Pelusium, Setroithes (or Sethroitis), Tanis, Thmuis, Rhinocorura, Ostracine (or Ostracina), Pentaschoinon, Casium, Aphnaion, Hephaestus, Panephysis, the Tents outside Gerra, the Tents inside Gerra, Thennesus, Panephusis.[6]

Leontopolis was the capital of Augustamnica Secunda.

Episcopal sees

[edit]

Ancient episcopal sees of Augustamnica I listed in the Annuario Pontificio as titular sees:[2]

Ancient episcopal sees of Augustamnica II listed in the Annuario Pontificio as titular sees:[2]

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^ Barrington Atlas of the Greek and Roman World, p. 102
  2. ^ a b c Annuario Pontificio 2013 (Libreria Editrice Vaticana 2013 ISBN 978-88-209-9070-1), "Sedi titolari", pp. 819-1013
  3. ^ Alan K. Bowman, Egypt after the pharaohs: 332 BC-AD 642. From Alexander to the Arab Conquest, University of California Press, 1996, ISBN 0-520-20531-6, p. 79.
  4. ^ a b c Keenan, p. 613.
  5. ^ Notitia Dignitatum In partibus Orientis, XXVIII.
  6. ^ Georgius Cyprius, 685-700; Hierocles, Synecdemos 726:3-727:6.

References

[edit]
  • Keenan, James K. (2000). "Egypt". In Cameron, Averil; Ward-Perkins, Bryan; Whitby, Michael (eds.). The Cambridge Ancient History, Volume XIV - Late Antiquity: Empire and Successors, A.D. 425–600. Cambridge University Press. pp. 612–637. ISBN 978-0-521-32591-2.
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