Jump to content

Civic Forum: Difference between revisions

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Browse history interactively
← Previous edit
Content deleted Content added
VisualWikitext
No edit summary
No edit summary
 
(23 intermediate revisions by 16 users not shown)
Line 1: Line 1:
{{other uses}}
{{Other uses}}
{{infobox political party
{{Infobox political party
|country = Czechoslovakia
|country = Czechoslovakia
|name = Civic Forum
|name = Civic Forum
|native_name = {{nowrap|Občanské fórum}}
|native_name = {{nowrap|Občanské fórum}}
|colorcode = #034EA2
|colorcode = {{party color|Civic Forum}}
|logo = OF logo.png
|logo = OF logo vectorized.svg
|logo_size = 180px
|logo_size = 180px
|leader1_title = Chairman
|leader1_title = Chairman
Line 11: Line 11:
|founder = [[Václav Havel]]
|founder = [[Václav Havel]]
|foundation = 19 November 1989
|foundation = 19 November 1989
|successor = * [[Civic Democratic Party (Czech Republic)|Civic Democratic Party]]
|successor = [[Civic Democratic Party (Czech Republic)|Civic Democratic Party]]<br>[[Civic Movement]]
⚫
|dissolution = 23 February 1991<br />(11 May 1992)
* [[Civic Movement]]
⚫
|dissolution = 23 February 1991<br>(11 May 1992)
|membership =
|membership =
|newspaper = ''Občanský deník''
|newspaper = ''Občanský deník''
Line 23: Line 22:
|colors =
|colors =
|headquarters = [[Prague]], [[Czechoslovakia]]
|headquarters = [[Prague]], [[Czechoslovakia]]
|ideology = [[Big tent]]<br/>[[Liberal democracy]]
|ideology = [[Liberal democracy]]
|position =
|position =
|flag =
|flag =
Line 31: Line 30:
The Civic Forum's purpose was to unify the dissident forces in Czechoslovakia and to overthrow the Communist regime. In this, they succeeded when the Communists gave up power in November 1989 after only 10 days of protests. Playwright [[Václav Havel]], its leader and founder, was elected president on December 29, 1989. Although the Forum did not have a clear political strategy beyond the June 1990 elections, it campaigned successfully in March and April 1990 during the first free elections in Czechoslovakia since 1946. Those elections garnered Civic Forum 36 percent of the vote, the highest that a Czechoslovakian party ever obtained in a free election. This netted it 68 seats in the Chamber of Deputies; combined with Public Against Violence's 19 seats, it commanded a strong majority.
The Civic Forum's purpose was to unify the dissident forces in Czechoslovakia and to overthrow the Communist regime. In this, they succeeded when the Communists gave up power in November 1989 after only 10 days of protests. Playwright [[Václav Havel]], its leader and founder, was elected president on December 29, 1989. Although the Forum did not have a clear political strategy beyond the June 1990 elections, it campaigned successfully in March and April 1990 during the first free elections in Czechoslovakia since 1946. Those elections garnered Civic Forum 36 percent of the vote, the highest that a Czechoslovakian party ever obtained in a free election. This netted it 68 seats in the Chamber of Deputies; combined with Public Against Violence's 19 seats, it commanded a strong majority.


The Civic Forum had a very loose structure, and most of its (self-appointed) leaders came from [[Prague]]-based members of the [[Charter 77]] dissident movement. In December 1989, Jan Urban became the Forum's chairman after Havel's election as president. Urban served until June 1990, when he resigned, stating he did not want a rift between the organization and the president. On October 16, 1990, [[Václav Klaus]] [[Civic Forum leadership election, 1990|was elected its new chairman]]. Klaus's policies were opposed by other leading figures within the Forum and party unity soon vanished.
The Civic Forum had a very loose structure, and most of its (self-appointed) leaders came from [[Prague]]-based members of the [[Charter 77]] dissident movement. In December 1989, [[Jan Urban (journalist)|Jan Urban]] became the Forum's chairman after Havel's election as president. Urban served until June 1990, when he resigned, stating he did not want a rift between the organization and the president. On October 16, 1990, [[Václav Klaus]] [[1990 Civic Forum leadership election|was elected its new chairman]]. Klaus's policies were opposed by other leading figures within the Forum and party unity soon vanished.


At the Civic Forum congress in January 1991, the movement divided. The more right wing members, led by Klaus, declared that they would form an independent party, the [[Civic Democratic Party (Czech Republic)|Civic Democratic Party]] (''Občanská demokratická strana''), with a clearer program advocating a free market. The party elected Klaus as its chairman in February 1991. The more centrist members of Civic Forum, led by federal minister of foreign affairs [[Jiří Dienstbier]], formed the [[Civic Movement]] (''Občanské hnutí''). Klaus stated that the two parties would rule as a coalition until the 1992 elections. However, by July 1991 Klaus declared the inter-party cooperation over. The Civic Democratic Party was victorious in the elections of 1992 while the Civic Movement failed to reach the 5% threshold to enter parliament and eventually disappeared.
At the Civic Forum congress in January 1991, the movement divided. The more right wing members, led by Klaus, declared that they would form an independent party, the [[Civic Democratic Party (Czech Republic)|Civic Democratic Party]] (''Občanská demokratická strana''), with a clearer program advocating a [[free market]]. The party elected Klaus as its chairman in February 1991. The more centrist members of Civic Forum, led by federal minister of foreign affairs [[Jiří Dienstbier]], formed the [[Civic Movement]] (''Občanské hnutí''). Klaus stated that the two parties would rule as a coalition until the 1992 elections. However, by July 1991 Klaus declared the inter-party cooperation over. The Civic Democratic Party was victorious in the elections of 1992 while the Civic Movement failed to reach the 5% threshold to enter parliament and eventually disappeared.


==Ideologic platforms==
==Ideologic platforms==
*[[Interparliamentary Club of the Democratic Right]] - rightist wing in the party. It was led by [[Václav Klaus]]. It transformed int the [[Civic Democratic Party (Czech Republic)|Civic Democratic Party]].<ref name="The new right in the new Europe Czech transformation and right-wing politics">{{cite book|last1=Hanley|first1=Seán|title=The new right in the new Europe Czech transformation and right-wing politics, 1989-2006|date=2008|publisher=Routledge|location=London|isbn=0-203-47935-1|page=82|url=https://books.google.cz/books?id=UdZ-AgAAQBAJ&pg=PA82&lpg=PA82&dq=Inter-Parliamentary+Club+of+Democratic+Right&source=bl&ots=gq2jjSzp1T&sig=n8dFYFv7CPmNxBEcVhbC93rbrPw&hl=cs&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjSiPivmJvVAhUMaRQKHRu3CJwQ6AEIRTAF#v=onepage&q=Inter-Parliamentary%20Club%20of%20Democratic%20Right&f=false}}</ref><ref name="The politics of greed : how privatization structured politics in Central and Eastern Europe">{{cite book|last1=Schwartz|first1=Andrew Harrison|title=The politics of greed : how privatization structured politics in Central and Eastern Europe|date=2006|publisher=Rowman & Littlefield|location=Lanham, Md. [u.a.]|isbn=978-0-7425-5307-1|pages=137–138}}</ref><ref name="Konzervativní strana: Dvakrát se nevstupuje do stejné řeky špinavýma nohama">{{cite web|title=Konzervativní strana: Dvakrát se nevstupuje do stejné řeky špinavýma nohama|url=http://www.konzervativnistrana.cz/nazory/nase-nazory/nazor/select_category/4/article/dvakrat-se-nevstupuje-do-stejne-reky-spinavyma-nohama.html|website=www.konzervativnistrana.cz|accessdate=21 July 2017|language=en}}</ref><ref name="Nepolitická politika Občanského fóra předznamenala jeho úspěch i pád">{{cite web|title=Nepolitická politika Občanského fóra předznamenala jeho úspěch i pád|url=http://www.denik.cz/praha/nepoliticka-politika-obcanskeho-fora-predznamenala-jeho-uspech-i-pad-20141119-hgxh.html|website=Deník.cz|accessdate=21 July 2017|language=cs|date=19 November 2014}}</ref>
*[[Interparliamentary Club of the Democratic Right]] - rightist wing in the party. It was led by [[Václav Klaus]]. It transformed into the [[Civic Democratic Party (Czech Republic)|Civic Democratic Party]].<ref name="The new right in the new Europe Czech transformation and right-wing politics">{{cite book|last1=Hanley|first1=Seán|title=The new right in the new Europe Czech transformation and right-wing politics, 1989-2006|date=2008|publisher=Routledge|location=London|isbn=978-0-203-47935-3|page=82|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UdZ-AgAAQBAJ&q=Inter-Parliamentary+Club+of+Democratic+Right&pg=PA82}}</ref><ref name="The politics of greed : how privatization structured politics in Central and Eastern Europe">{{cite book|last1=Schwartz|first1=Andrew Harrison|title=The politics of greed : how privatization structured politics in Central and Eastern Europe|date=2006|publisher=Rowman & Littlefield|location=Lanham, Md. [u.a.]|isbn=978-0-7425-5307-1|pages=137–138}}</ref><ref name="Konzervativní strana: Dvakrát se nevstupuje do stejné řeky špinavýma nohama">{{cite web|title=Konzervativní strana: Dvakrát se nevstupuje do stejné řeky špinavýma nohama|url=http://www.konzervativnistrana.cz/nazory/nase-nazory/nazor/select_category/4/article/dvakrat-se-nevstupuje-do-stejne-reky-spinavyma-nohama.html|website=www.konzervativnistrana.cz|access-date=21 July 2017|language=en}}</ref><ref name="Nepolitická politika Občanského fóra předznamenala jeho úspěch i pád">{{cite web|title=Nepolitická politika Občanského fóra předznamenala jeho úspěch i pád|url=http://www.denik.cz/praha/nepoliticka-politika-obcanskeho-fora-predznamenala-jeho-uspech-i-pad-20141119-hgxh.html|website=Deník.cz|access-date=21 July 2017|language=cs|date=19 November 2014}}</ref>
*[[Liberal Club of the Civic Forum]] - centrist wing of the party. Opposition to Klaus. It transformed into [[Civic Movement]]
*[[Liberal Club of the Civic Forum]] - centrist wing of the party. Opposition to Klaus. It transformed into [[Civic Movement]]
*[[Social Democratic Club of Civic Forum]] - [[Social democracy|Social democratic]] wing led by [[Rudolf Battěk]]. It became [[Association of Social Democrats]].<ref>{{cite book|last1=Coppieters|first1=Bruno|last2=Deschouwer|first2=Kris|last3=Waller|first3=Michael|title=Social Democracy in a Post-communist Europe|date=2014|publisher=Routledge|isbn=9781135200411|url=https://books.google.cz/books?id=ChMCAwAAQBAJ&pg=PT108&lpg=PT108&dq=association+of+social+democrats+batt%C4%9Bk+civic+forum&source=bl&ots=GAW_yVIYKd&sig=Uh1ubkwmP-W4rgt1oz8I42f0rlo&hl=cs&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwic2vbS9p7VAhWIxxQKHbkcD3IQ6AEIJTAA#v=onepage&q=association%20of%20social%20democrats%20batt%C4%9Bk%20civic%20forum&f=false|accessdate=23 July 2017|language=en}}</ref>
*[[Social Democratic Club of Civic Forum]] - [[Social democracy|Social democratic]] wing led by [[Rudolf Battěk]]. It became [[Association of Social Democrats]].<ref>{{cite book|last1=Coppieters|first1=Bruno|last2=Deschouwer|first2=Kris|last3=Waller|first3=Michael|title=Social Democracy in a Post-communist Europe|date=2014|publisher=Routledge|isbn=9781135200411|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ChMCAwAAQBAJ&q=association+of+social+democrats+batt%C4%9Bk+civic+forum&pg=PT108|access-date=23 July 2017|language=en}}</ref>


==Election results==
==Election results==
Line 51: Line 50:
! Position
! Position
|-
|-
| [[Czechoslovak parliamentary election, 1990|1990]]
| [[1990 Czechoslovak parliamentary election|1990]]
| 3,851,172
| 3,851,172
| 36,2
| 36,2
| {{Composition bar|68|150|hex={{Civic Forum/meta/color}}}}
| {{Composition bar|68|150|hex={{party color|Civic Forum}}}}
| 1st
| 1st
| {{yes2|Majority Government}}
| {{yes2|Majority Government}}
Line 68: Line 67:
! Position
! Position
|-
|-
| [[Czechoslovak parliamentary election, 1990|1990]]
| [[1990 Czechoslovak parliamentary election|1990]]
| 3,613,513
| 3,613,513
| 34,0
| 34,0
| {{Composition bar|50|150|hex={{Civic Forum/meta/color}}}}
| {{Composition bar|50|150|hex={{party color|Civic Forum}}}}
| 1st
| 1st
| {{yes2|Majority Government}}
| {{yes2|Majority Government}}
Line 85: Line 84:
! Cabinet
! Cabinet
|-
|-
| [[Czech legislative election, 1990|1990]]
| [[1990 Czech legislative election|1990]]
| 3,569,201
| 3,569,201
| 49,50
| 49,50
| {{Composition bar|124|200|hex={{Civic Forum/meta/color}}}}
| {{Composition bar|124|200|hex={{party color|Civic Forum}}}}
| 1st
| 1st
| [[Petr Pithart's First Cabinet|Pithart I]], [[Petr Pithart's Second Cabinet|Pithart II]]
| [[Petr Pithart's First Cabinet|Pithart I]], [[Petr Pithart's Second Cabinet|Pithart II]]
Line 94: Line 93:


==References==
==References==
{{reflist}}
{{Reflist}}


*[[Timothy Garton Ash]], ''We the People: The Revolution of ’89, Witnessed in Warsaw, Budapest, Berlin and Prague'' (Cambridge 1990).
*[[Timothy Garton Ash]], ''We the People: The Revolution of ’89, Witnessed in Warsaw, Budapest, Berlin and Prague'' (Cambridge 1990).
Line 100: Line 99:
*Paal Sigurd Hilde, "Slovak Nationalism and the Break-Up of Czechoslovakia." ''[[Europe-Asia Studies]]'', Vol. 51, No. 4 (Jun., 1999): 647-665.
*Paal Sigurd Hilde, "Slovak Nationalism and the Break-Up of Czechoslovakia." ''[[Europe-Asia Studies]]'', Vol. 51, No. 4 (Jun., 1999): 647-665.


{{Civic Forum |state=expanded}}
{{Authority control}}

⚫
[[Category:Civic Forum| ]]
[[Category:Defunct political parties in the Czech Republic]]
[[Category:Defunct political parties in the Czech Republic]]
[[Category:Liberal parties in the Czech Republic]]
[[Category:Liberal parties in the Czech Republic]]
Line 110: Line 113:
[[Category:1991 disestablishments in Czechoslovakia]]
[[Category:1991 disestablishments in Czechoslovakia]]
[[Category:Centrist political parties in the Czech Republic]]
[[Category:Centrist political parties in the Czech Republic]]
[[Category:Václav Havel]]
[[Category:Anti-communist parties]]
[[Category:Václav Klaus]]
⚫
[[Category:Civic Forum]]

Latest revision as of 13:54, 17 February 2024

For other uses, see Civic Forum (disambiguation).
Civic Forum
Občanské fórum
ChairmanVáclav Klaus
FounderVáclav Havel
Founded19 November 1989
Dissolved23 February 1991
(11 May 1992)
Succeeded byCivic Democratic Party
Civic Movement
HeadquartersPrague, Czechoslovakia
NewspaperObčanský deník
IdeologyLiberal democracy

The Civic Forum (Czech: Občanské fórum, OF) was a political movement in the Czech part of Czechoslovakia, established during the Velvet Revolution in 1989. The corresponding movement in Slovakia was called Public Against Violence (Slovak: Verejnosť proti násiliu - VPN).

The Civic Forum's purpose was to unify the dissident forces in Czechoslovakia and to overthrow the Communist regime. In this, they succeeded when the Communists gave up power in November 1989 after only 10 days of protests. Playwright Václav Havel, its leader and founder, was elected president on December 29, 1989. Although the Forum did not have a clear political strategy beyond the June 1990 elections, it campaigned successfully in March and April 1990 during the first free elections in Czechoslovakia since 1946. Those elections garnered Civic Forum 36 percent of the vote, the highest that a Czechoslovakian party ever obtained in a free election. This netted it 68 seats in the Chamber of Deputies; combined with Public Against Violence's 19 seats, it commanded a strong majority.

The Civic Forum had a very loose structure, and most of its (self-appointed) leaders came from Prague-based members of the Charter 77 dissident movement. In December 1989, Jan Urban became the Forum's chairman after Havel's election as president. Urban served until June 1990, when he resigned, stating he did not want a rift between the organization and the president. On October 16, 1990, Václav Klaus was elected its new chairman. Klaus's policies were opposed by other leading figures within the Forum and party unity soon vanished.

At the Civic Forum congress in January 1991, the movement divided. The more right wing members, led by Klaus, declared that they would form an independent party, the Civic Democratic Party (Občanská demokratická strana), with a clearer program advocating a free market. The party elected Klaus as its chairman in February 1991. The more centrist members of Civic Forum, led by federal minister of foreign affairs Jiří Dienstbier, formed the Civic Movement (Občanské hnutí). Klaus stated that the two parties would rule as a coalition until the 1992 elections. However, by July 1991 Klaus declared the inter-party cooperation over. The Civic Democratic Party was victorious in the elections of 1992 while the Civic Movement failed to reach the 5% threshold to enter parliament and eventually disappeared.

Ideologic platforms

[edit]

Election results

[edit]

Federal Assembly

[edit]

House of the People

[edit]
Year Vote Vote % Seats Place Position
1990 3,851,172 36,2
68 / 150
 1st Majority Government

House of Nations

[edit]
Year Vote Vote % Seats Places Position
1990 3,613,513 34,0
50 / 150
 1st Majority Government

Czech National Council

[edit]
Year Vote Vote % Seats Place Cabinet
1990 3,569,201 49,50
124 / 200
 1st Pithart I, Pithart II

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Hanley, Seán (2008). The new right in the new Europe Czech transformation and right-wing politics, 1989-2006. London: Routledge. p. 82. ISBN 978-0-203-47935-3.
  2. ^ Schwartz, Andrew Harrison (2006). The politics of greed : how privatization structured politics in Central and Eastern Europe. Lanham, Md. [u.a.]: Rowman & Littlefield. pp. 137–138. ISBN 978-0-7425-5307-1.
  3. ^ "Konzervativní strana: Dvakrát se nevstupuje do stejné řeky špinavýma nohama". www.konzervativnistrana.cz. Retrieved 21 July 2017.
  4. ^ "Nepolitická politika Občanského fóra předznamenala jeho úspěch i pád". Deník.cz (in Czech). 19 November 2014. Retrieved 21 July 2017.
  5. ^ Coppieters, Bruno; Deschouwer, Kris; Waller, Michael (2014). Social Democracy in a Post-communist Europe. Routledge. ISBN 9781135200411. Retrieved 23 July 2017.
  • Timothy Garton Ash, We the People: The Revolution of ’89, Witnessed in Warsaw, Budapest, Berlin and Prague (Cambridge 1990).
  • Bernard Wheaton and Zdeněk Kavan, The Velvet Revolution: Czechoslovakia, 1988-1991 (Boulder 1992).
  • Paal Sigurd Hilde, "Slovak Nationalism and the Break-Up of Czechoslovakia." Europe-Asia Studies, Vol. 51, No. 4 (Jun., 1999): 647-665.
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Civic_Forum&oldid=1208434430"