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{{short description|Religious television network in Arkansas, United States}}
{{short description|Religious television network in Arkansas, United States}}
{{distinguish|text=the similarly-named [[Victory Channel]], another religious television channel in the United States}}
{{for|the airport in [[Valentine, Nebraska|Valentine]], [[Nebraska]] assigned the [[ICAO airport code|ICAO code]] KVTN|Miller Field (airport)}}
{{for|the airport in Valentine, Nebraska, assigned the ICAO code KVTN|Miller Field (airport)}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=February 2024}}
{{Infobox television station
{{Infobox television station
| name = Victory Television Network
| name = Victory Television Network
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| logo_size = 250px
| logo_size = 250px
| logo_caption =
| logo_caption =
| digital = [[#Stations|see table below]]
| digital = ''see {{section link||Stations}}''
| virtual = see table below
| virtual =
| subchannels =
| subchannels =
| affiliations = [[Religious broadcasting|Religious]] [[independent station (North America)|independent]]
| affiliations = [[Religious broadcasting|Religious]] [[independent station|independent]]
| repeaters = [[#Stations|see table below]]
| repeaters =
| owner = Victory Television Network, Inc.
| owner = Victory Television Network, Inc.
| licensee =
| licensee =
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}}
}}


The '''Victory Television Network''' ('''VTN''') is a [[Religious broadcasting|religious]] [[Independent station (North America)|independent]] [[television network]] serving the [[U.S. state]] of [[Arkansas]]. It serves as the broadcasting arm of the [[Little Rock, Arkansas|Little Rock]]–based Agape Church, and is operated by a namesake parent subsidiary that holds the [[broadcast license|licenses]] for the three stations that comprise the network: [[flagship (broadcasting)|flagship station]] '''KVTN-DT''' (channel 25) in [[Pine Bluff, Arkansas|Pine Bluff]], and [[Broadcast relay station#Satellite stations|satellites]] '''KVTH-DT''' (channel 26) in [[Hot Springs, Arkansas|Hot Springs]] and '''KVTJ-DT''' (channel 48) in [[Jonesboro, Arkansas|Jonesboro]]. Although all three stations operate under [[commercial broadcasting|commercial]] licenses, VTN—which is the only [[Christian media|Christian]]-oriented television network headquartered in Arkansas and is among the few religious independent stations located outside of a major U.S. [[media market|television market]]—operates as a [[non-profit organization|non-profit entity]] reliant on monetary contributions from its viewers to fund its operations.
The '''Victory Television Network''' ('''VTN''') is a [[Religious broadcasting|religious]] [[Independent station|independent]] [[television network]] serving the [[U.S. state]] of [[Arkansas]]. It serves as the broadcasting arm of the [[Little Rock]]–based Agape Church, and is operated by a namesake parent subsidiary that holds the [[broadcast license|licenses]] for the three stations that comprise the network: [[flagship station]] '''KVTN-DT''' (channel 25) in [[Pine Bluff, Arkansas|Pine Bluff]], and [[Broadcast relay station#Satellite stations|satellites]] '''KVTH-DT''' (channel 26) in [[Hot Springs, Arkansas|Hot Springs]] and '''KVTJ-DT''' (channel 48) in [[Jonesboro, Arkansas|Jonesboro]]. Although all three stations have [[commercial broadcasting|commercial]] licenses, VTN—which is the only [[Christian media|Christian]]-oriented television network headquartered in Arkansas and is among the few religious independent stations located outside of a major U.S. [[television market]]—operates as a [[non-profit entity]] reliant on monetary contributions from its viewers to fund its operations.


In addition to its broadcast stations, VTN's programming is available on more than 225 [[cable television|cable]] systems across Arkansas. Through their over-the-air, cable and satellite distribution, the VTN stations reach 1.2 million homes across the state of Arkansas, western [[Tennessee]], the [[Missouri Bootheel|bootheel]] of [[Missouri]] and portions of northwestern [[Mississippi]]. The main offices, production facilities and network operations of the Victory Television Network are located at the Agape Church campus on Napa Valley Drive (west of [[Interstate 430]]) in western Little Rock.
In addition to its broadcast stations, VTN's programming is available on more than 225 [[cable television|cable]] systems across Arkansas. Through their over-the-air, cable and satellite distribution, the VTN stations reach 1.2 million homes across the state of Arkansas, western [[Tennessee]], the [[Missouri Bootheel|bootheel]] of [[Missouri]] and portions of northwestern [[Mississippi]]. The main offices, production facilities and network operations of the Victory Television Network are located at the Agape Church campus on Napa Valley Drive (west of [[Interstate 430]]) in western Little Rock.
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The network was founded by husband-and-wife Howard "Happy" Caldwell II and Jeanne Caldwell, who co-founded the Agape Church in 1979; the Caldwells served as pastors of the church until their semi-retirement in December 2013. In 1987, the Caldwells began developing a television ministry that would utilize the church's production facilities to distribute its weekly services and other ministerial programs, including programs leased to other local ministries, along with acquiring [[brokered programming|brokered]] daily and weekly religious programs from non-Arkansas-based ministries that were available in [[broadcast syndication|syndication]].<ref>{{cite web|title=About us|url=https://aclr.org/about-us|website=Agape Church Little Rock|access-date=February 23, 2022}}</ref>
The network was founded by husband-and-wife Howard "Happy" Caldwell II and Jeanne Caldwell, who co-founded the Agape Church in 1979; the Caldwells served as pastors of the church until their semi-retirement in December 2013. In 1987, the Caldwells began developing a television ministry that would utilize the church's production facilities to distribute its weekly services and other ministerial programs, including programs leased to other local ministries, along with acquiring [[brokered programming|brokered]] daily and weekly religious programs from non-Arkansas-based ministries that were available in [[broadcast syndication|syndication]].<ref>{{cite web|title=About us|url=https://aclr.org/about-us|website=Agape Church Little Rock|access-date=February 23, 2022}}</ref>


On April 28, 1987, [[KMRX|KIXK]] Inc., owned by the [[El Dorado, Arkansas|El Dorado]] radio station of the same name, donated the [[Planning permission#Broadcasting|construction permit]] for KZRQ (channel 25), an unbuilt commercial television station [[city of license|licensed]] to [[Pine Bluff, Arkansas|Pine Bluff]], to the Agape Church for $40,611. The transaction was granted by the [[Federal Communications Commission]] (FCC) on June 30.<ref>{{cite web|title=For the Record|url=https://worldradiohistory.com/hd2/IDX-Business/Magazines/Archive-BC-IDX/87-OCR/BC-1987-05-11-OCR-Page-0103.pdf|periodical=[[Broadcasting & Cable|Broadcasting]]|publisher=Broadcasting Publications, Inc.|via=American Radio History|page=103|date=May 11, 1987|access-date=February 23, 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=For the Record|url=https://worldradiohistory.com/hd2/IDX-Business/Magazines/Archive-BC-IDX/87-OCR/BC-1987-08-03-OCR-Page-0078.pdf|periodical=Broadcasting|publisher=Broadcasting Publications, Inc.|via=American Radio History|page=78|date=August 3, 1987|access-date=February 23, 2022}}</ref> The station, which was assigned the [[call sign|call letters]] KVTN, signed on the air on December 1, 1988, broadcasting from a transmitter near [[Arkansas Highway 161]] in western [[Jefferson County, Arkansas|Jefferson County]] (located {{convert|4.5|mi|km|disp=sqbr}} west of [[England, Arkansas|England]]).
On April 28, 1987, [[KMRX|KIXK]] Inc., owned by the [[El Dorado, Arkansas|El Dorado]] radio station of the same name, donated the [[Planning permission#Broadcasting|construction permit]] for KZRQ (channel 25), an unbuilt commercial television station [[city of license|licensed]] to [[Pine Bluff, Arkansas|Pine Bluff]], to the Agape Church for $40,611. The transaction was granted by the [[Federal Communications Commission]] (FCC) on June 30.<ref>{{cite web|title=For the Record|url=https://worldradiohistory.com/hd2/IDX-Business/Magazines/Archive-BC-IDX/87-OCR/BC-1987-05-11-OCR-Page-0103.pdf|periodical=[[Broadcasting & Cable|Broadcasting]]|publisher=Broadcasting Publications, Inc.|via=American Radio History|page=103|date=May 11, 1987|access-date=February 23, 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=For the Record|url=https://worldradiohistory.com/hd2/IDX-Business/Magazines/Archive-BC-IDX/87-OCR/BC-1987-08-03-OCR-Page-0078.pdf|periodical=Broadcasting|publisher=Broadcasting Publications, Inc.|via=American Radio History|page=78|date=August 3, 1987|access-date=February 23, 2022}}</ref> The station, which was assigned the [[call letters]] KVTN, signed on the air on December 1, 1988, broadcasting from a transmitter near [[Arkansas Highway 161]] in western [[Jefferson County, Arkansas|Jefferson County]] (located {{convert|4.5|mi|km|disp=sqbr}} west of [[England, Arkansas|England]]).


By the early 1990s, the Caldwells made plans to expand their television ministry—which they branded as the "Victory Television Network"—into other sections of Arkansas. On February 17, 1993, PPD&G, Inc., sold the license assets of [[KRZB-TV]] (channel 26) in [[Hot Springs, Arkansas|Hot Springs]] to the Agape Church for $75,000.<ref>{{cite web|title=For the Record|url=https://worldradiohistory.com/Archive-BC/BC-1993/BC-1993-03-22.pdf|periodical=Broadcasting|publisher=Broadcasting Publications, Inc.|via=World Radio History|page=54|format=PDF|date=March 22, 1993|access-date=February 23, 2022|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211108151219/https://worldradiohistory.com/Archive-BC/BC-1993/BC-1993-03-22.pdf|archive-date=November 8, 2021}}</ref> KRZB-TV had operated from 1986 to 1988 as an independent station but succumbed to mounting financial problems and a signal that did not reach Little Rock. The sale received FCC approval on November 16, 1993, and was finalized on February 8, 1994.<ref>{{cite web|title=Application Search Details|url=http://licensing.fcc.gov/cgi-bin/ws.exe/prod/cdbs/pubacc/prod/app_det.pl?Application_id=181985|website=Federal Communications Commission|date=February 8, 1994|access-date=February 23, 2022}}</ref> A new $700,000 tower was built on Jack Mountain, {{convert|6|mi|km|disp=sqbr}} south of Hot Springs, to expand channel 26's signal into cities such as [[Benton, Arkansas|Benton]] and [[Arkadelphia, Arkansas|Arkadelphia]].<ref>{{cite news|title=Local stations sought for family, religious airtime|author=Mark Gregory|newspaper=The Sentinel-Record|publisher=WEHCO Media|pages=1A, 2A|date=May 19, 1993}}</ref> Channel 26 returned to the air on April 2, 1995, as KVTN [[Broadcast relay station#Satellite stations|satellite station]] '''KVTH'''.
By the early 1990s, the Caldwells made plans to expand their television ministry—which they branded as the "Victory Television Network"—into other sections of Arkansas. On February 17, 1993, PPD&G, Inc., sold the license assets of [[KRZB-TV]] (channel 26) in [[Hot Springs, Arkansas|Hot Springs]] to the Agape Church for $75,000.<ref>{{cite web|title=For the Record|url=https://worldradiohistory.com/Archive-BC/BC-1993/BC-1993-03-22.pdf|periodical=Broadcasting|publisher=Broadcasting Publications, Inc.|via=World Radio History|page=54|format=PDF|date=March 22, 1993|access-date=February 23, 2022|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211108151219/https://worldradiohistory.com/Archive-BC/BC-1993/BC-1993-03-22.pdf|archive-date=November 8, 2021}}</ref> KRZB-TV had operated from 1986 to 1988 as an independent station but succumbed to mounting financial problems and a signal that did not reach Little Rock. The sale received FCC approval on November 16, 1993, and was finalized on February 8, 1994.<ref>{{cite web|title=Application Search Details|url=http://licensing.fcc.gov/cgi-bin/ws.exe/prod/cdbs/pubacc/prod/app_det.pl?Application_id=181985|website=Federal Communications Commission|date=February 8, 1994|access-date=February 23, 2022}}</ref> A new $700,000 tower was built on Jack Mountain, {{convert|6|mi|km|disp=sqbr}} south of Hot Springs, to expand channel 26's signal into cities such as [[Benton, Arkansas|Benton]] and [[Arkadelphia]].<ref>{{cite news|title=Local stations sought for family, religious airtime|author=Mark Gregory|newspaper=The Sentinel-Record|publisher=WEHCO Media|pages=1A, 2A|date=May 19, 1993}}</ref> Channel 26 returned to the air on April 2, 1995, as KVTN [[satellite station]] KVTH.


On October 18, 1994, the Arkansas Rural Television Co. sold the construction permit for an unbuilt commercial station assigned to UHF channel 48 in [[Jonesboro, Arkansas|Jonesboro]] to the Agape Church for $50,000. The transaction received FCC approval on October 6, 1995, and was finalized on December 11;<ref>{{cite web|title=For the Record|url=https://worldradiohistory.com/hd2/IDX-Business/Magazines/Archive-BC-IDX/94-OCR/BC-1994-11-28-Page-0086.pdf|periodical=Broadcasting & Cable|publisher=[[Reed Business Information|Cahners Business Information]]|via=American Radio History|page=57|date=November 28, 1994|access-date=February 23, 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Application Search Details|url=http://licensing.fcc.gov/cgi-bin/ws.exe/prod/cdbs/pubacc/prod/app_det.pl?Application_id=203612|website=Federal Communications Commission|date=December 11, 1995|access-date=February 23, 2022}}</ref> the station signed on as '''KVTJ''' on June 1, 1998, from a transmitter near [[Judd Hill, Arkansas|Judd Hill]] (approximately {{convert|1.1|mi|km|disp=sqbr}} northwest of the intersection of [[U.S. Route 63 in Arkansas|US 63]] and Arkansas Highway 214).
On October 18, 1994, the Arkansas Rural Television Co. sold the construction permit for an unbuilt commercial station assigned to UHF channel 48 in [[Jonesboro, Arkansas|Jonesboro]] to the Agape Church for $50,000. The transaction received FCC approval on October 6, 1995, and was finalized on December 11;<ref>{{cite web|title=For the Record|url=https://worldradiohistory.com/hd2/IDX-Business/Magazines/Archive-BC-IDX/94-OCR/BC-1994-11-28-Page-0086.pdf|periodical=Broadcasting & Cable|publisher=[[Reed Business Information|Cahners Business Information]]|via=American Radio History|page=57|date=November 28, 1994|access-date=February 23, 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Application Search Details|url=http://licensing.fcc.gov/cgi-bin/ws.exe/prod/cdbs/pubacc/prod/app_det.pl?Application_id=203612|website=Federal Communications Commission|date=December 11, 1995|access-date=February 23, 2022}}</ref> the station signed on as KVTJ on June 1, 1998, from a transmitter near [[Judd Hill, Arkansas|Judd Hill]] (approximately {{convert|1.1|mi|km|disp=sqbr}} northwest of the intersection of [[U.S. Route 63 in Arkansas|US 63]] and Arkansas Highway 214).


Agape Church also filed permit applications for two additional satellite stations during the mid-1990s, with the intent of expanding the network into portions of [[Northwest Arkansas|Northwest]] and [[South Arkansas|South-Central Arkansas]]: the church filed applications to operate satellites on UHF channel 31 in [[Harrison, Arkansas|Harrison]] (on July 28, 1995) and on UHF channel 43 in El Dorado (on June 28, 1996).<ref>{{cite web|title=For the Record|url=https://worldradiohistory.com/hd2/IDX-Business/Magazines/Archive-BC-IDX/95-OCR/BC-1995-08-28-OCR-Page-0057.pdf|periodical=Broadcasting & Cable|publisher=Cahners Business Information|via=American Radio History|page=57|date=August 28, 1995|access-date=February 23, 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=For the Record|url=https://worldradiohistory.com/hd2/IDX-Business/Magazines/Archive-BC-IDX/96-OCR/BC-1996-07-22-OCR-Page-0063.pdf|periodical=Broadcasting & Cable|publisher=Cahners Business Information|via=American Radio History|page=63|date=July 22, 1996|access-date=February 23, 2022}}</ref> The Harrison application was dismissed by the FCC on April 3, 1998,<ref>{{cite web|title=For the Record|url=https://worldradiohistory.com/hd2/IDX-Business/Magazines/Archive-BC-IDX/98-OCR/BC-1998-05-04-OCR-Page-0142.pdf|periodical=Broadcasting & Cable|publisher=Cahners Business Information|via=American Radio History|page=138|date=May 4, 1998|access-date=February 23, 2022}}</ref> while the El Dorado application was dismissed after auction on March 21, 2000. With its broadcast coverage limited to Central and Northeast Arkansas, VTN relies on cable and satellite carriage to distribute its programming to other areas of the state.
Agape Church also filed permit applications for two additional satellite stations during the mid-1990s, with the intent of expanding the network into portions of [[Northwest Arkansas|Northwest]] and [[South Arkansas|South-Central Arkansas]]: the church filed applications to operate satellites on UHF channel 31 in [[Harrison, Arkansas|Harrison]] (on July 28, 1995) and on UHF channel 43 in El Dorado (on June 28, 1996).<ref>{{cite web|title=For the Record|url=https://worldradiohistory.com/hd2/IDX-Business/Magazines/Archive-BC-IDX/95-OCR/BC-1995-08-28-OCR-Page-0057.pdf|periodical=Broadcasting & Cable|publisher=Cahners Business Information|via=American Radio History|page=57|date=August 28, 1995|access-date=February 23, 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=For the Record|url=https://worldradiohistory.com/hd2/IDX-Business/Magazines/Archive-BC-IDX/96-OCR/BC-1996-07-22-OCR-Page-0063.pdf|periodical=Broadcasting & Cable|publisher=Cahners Business Information|via=American Radio History|page=63|date=July 22, 1996|access-date=February 23, 2022}}</ref> The Harrison application was dismissed by the FCC on April 3, 1998,<ref>{{cite web|title=For the Record|url=https://worldradiohistory.com/hd2/IDX-Business/Magazines/Archive-BC-IDX/98-OCR/BC-1998-05-04-OCR-Page-0142.pdf|periodical=Broadcasting & Cable|publisher=Cahners Business Information|via=American Radio History|page=138|date=May 4, 1998|access-date=February 23, 2022}}</ref> while the El Dorado application was dismissed after auction on March 21, 2000. With its broadcast coverage limited to Central and Northeast Arkansas, VTN relies on cable and satellite carriage to distribute its programming to other areas of the state.


On October 14, 2015, the elder Caldwells and their son, Ronnie Caldwell, filed to transfer the VTN stations to Victory Television Network, Inc., a separate licensee operated in conjunction with the Agape Church, for the assumption of monetary operational liabilities. The transfer received FCC approval on December 14. (The network had been overseen by Scott and Loretta Stewart, who became senior pastors at Agape Church in December 2013 as Happy and Jeanne Caldwell transitioned into pastor emeritus roles.)<ref>{{cite web|title=Station Trading Roundup: 5 Deals, $20.9M|url=https://tvnewscheck.com/uncategorized/article/station-trading-roundup-5-deals-20-9m/|website=TVNewsCheck|publisher=NewsCheck Media|date=October 20, 2015|access-date=February 23, 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Application for Consent to Assignment of Licenses|url=https://docs.fcc.gov/public/attachments/DA-15-1413A1.pdf|publisher=Federal Communications Commission|date=December 14, 2015|access-date=February 23, 2022}}</ref>
On October 14, 2015, the elder Caldwells and their son, Ronnie Caldwell, filed to transfer the VTN stations to Victory Television Network, Inc., a separate licensee operated in conjunction with the Agape Church, for the assumption of monetary operational liabilities. The transfer received FCC approval on December 14. (The network had been overseen by Scott and Loretta Stewart, who became senior pastors at Agape Church in December 2013 as Happy and Jeanne Caldwell transitioned into pastor emeritus roles.)<ref>{{cite web|title=Station Trading Roundup: 5 Deals, $20.9M|url=https://tvnewscheck.com/uncategorized/article/station-trading-roundup-5-deals-20-9m/|website=TVNewsCheck|publisher=NewsCheck Media|date=October 20, 2015|access-date=February 23, 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Application for Consent to Assignment of Licenses|url=https://docs.fcc.gov/public/attachments/DA-15-1413A1.pdf|publisher=Federal Communications Commission|date=December 14, 2015|access-date=February 23, 2022}}</ref>
*


==Stations==
==Programming==
Programming on VTN consists primarily of Christian programming syndicated by various national ministries and purchased through time-brokerage agreements, including programs from [[televangelists]] such as [[Joel Osteen]] (''[[Lakewood Church]] with Joel Osteen''), [[Jesse Duplantis]] (''Voice of the Covenant''), [[Kenneth Copeland]] (''Believer’s Voice of Victory''), [[Joyce Meyer]] (''Enjoying Everyday Life''), [[James Robison (televangelist)|James Robison]] (''Life Today''), [[Joseph Prince]] (''Destined to Reign''), [[Marilyn Hickey]] (''Today with Marilyn and Sarah''), [[Andrew Wommack]] (''The Gospel Truth'') and Dr. [[Charles Stanley]] (''In Touch'', which airs in both its daily half-hour and weekly one-hour versions); as well as religion-oriented news and talk shows (such as ''[[The 700 Club]]'', ''[[Christian Broadcasting Network|CBN]] Newswatch'', ''Christian World News'' and ''Your Health with Dr. Richard and Cindy Becker'') and [[gospel music]] programs (such as the ''[[Gaither Homecoming]] Hour'' and ''Great American Gospel'').<ref name="vtn">{{cite web|title=Programs|url=https://www.vtntv.com/watch-vtn/programs/|website=Victory Television Network|access-date=February 23, 2022}}</ref>
The Victory Television Network comprises three full-power digital transmitters that cover most of Central and Northeast Arkansas:

Along with offering syndicated religious programs, the network also offers original programming (including two programs hosted by VTN founder Happy Caldwell, the flagship interview and biblical teaching program ''Arkansas Alive'' and the weekly ''Happy Caldwell Ministries'', and ''In His Presence'', a gospel and biblical teaching program hosted by network co-founder Jeanne Caldwell) and programs produced by other Arkansas-based ministries (such as ''Words to Empower'', hosted by Pastor Frank H. Stewart of [[North Little Rock]]–based Agape Community Temple of Servants, which is unrelated to the Agape Church; ''2CYR TV'', a program profiling stories of youth in Arkansas's foster care and adoption system, hosted by Perry Black of the [[Bryant, Arkansas|Bryant]]-based Second Chance Youth Ranch; and ''Heart of a Servant'', hosted by Apostle Craig and Pastor Sheryl Banks of Pine Bluff–based Canaan Christian Center). Syndicated faith-based children's programs compliant with [[Regulations on children's television programming in the United States|Children's Television Act]] guidelines (such as ''Dr. Wonder's Workshop'', ''Kids Like You'' and ''Donkey Ollie'') are also broadcast on weekday mid-afternoons in a half-hour block and on Saturday mornings from 6 to 7:30&nbsp;a.m.<ref name="vtn"/>


== Stations ==
{{geoGroup}}
The Victory Television Network consists of the following full-power digital stations:
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
! Station
! Station
! [[City of license]]<br>{{small|(other cities served)}}
! [[City of license]]
! [[Channel (broadcasting)|Channels]]<br>([[virtual channel|VC]] / [[digital terrestrial television|RF]])
! [[Channel (broadcasting)|Channels]]<br/>([[Virtual channel|VC]] / [[Digital terrestrial television|RF]])
! [[Call signs in North America|Fourth letter<br>call sign meaning]]
! First air date
! First air date
! Former channel number(s)
! [[Effective radiated power|ERP]]
! [[Effective radiated power|ERP]]
! [[Height above average terrain|HAAT]]
! [[HAAT]]
! [[Facility ID]]
! [[Facility ID]]
! Transmitter coordinates
! Transmitter coordinates
! Public license information
! Public license information
|-
|- style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left;"
| {{nowrap|'''KVTN-DT'''}}
! scope="row" |KVTN-DT
| [[Pine Bluff, Arkansas|Pine Bluff]]<br>([[Little Rock, Arkansas|Little Rock]])
| [[Pine Bluff, Arkansas|Pine Bluff]][[Little Rock]]
| 25<br>24 ([[ultra high frequency|UHF]])
| {{ubl|25|24 ([[UHF]])}}
| {{start date and age|1988|12|1|p=y|br=y}}
| Network<br>([[flagship (broadcasting)|flagship]] station)
| {{start date and age|1988|12|1|p=y}}
| {{val|725|fmt=commas|u=kW}}
| {{convert|355.5|m|ft|0|abbr=on}}
| '''Analog:'''<br>25 (UHF, 1988–2009)
| 725&nbsp;[[kilowatt|kW]]
| {{nowrap|{{convert|355.5|m|ft|0|abbr=on}}}}
| 607
| 607
| {{coord|34|31|55.7|N|92|2|41.6|W|type:landmark_scale:2000|name=KVTN-DT}}
| {{coord|34|31|55.7|N|92|2|41.6|W|type:landmark_scale:2000|name=KVTN-DT}}
| {{FCC-TV-Station-profile|KVTN-DT|Profile}}<br>{{FCC-LMS-Facility|607|3=LMS}}
| {{ubl|{{FCC-TV-Station-profile|KVTN-DT|Public file}}|{{FCC-LMS-Facility|607|3=LMS}}}}
|-
|- style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left;"
| {{nowrap|'''KVTH-DT'''}}
! scope="row" |KVTH-DT
| [[Hot Springs, Arkansas|Hot Springs]]
| [[Hot Springs, Arkansas|Hot Springs]]
| 26<br>16 (UHF)
| {{ubl|26|16 (UHF)}}
| {{start date and age|1995|4|2|p=y|br=y}}
| Hot Springs
| {{start date and age|1995|4|2|p=y}}
| {{val|52.6|fmt=commas|u=kW}}
| {{convert|263|m|ft|0|abbr=on}}
| '''Analog:'''<br>26 (UHF, 1995–2009)<br>'''Digital:'''<br>14 (UHF, 2005–2009),<br>26 (UHF, 2009–2018)
| 52.6&nbsp;kW
| {{nowrap|{{convert|263|m|ft|0|abbr=on}}}}
| 608
| 608
| {{coord|34|22|20|N|93|2|49|W|type:landmark_scale:2000|name=KVTH-DT}}
| {{coord|34|22|20|N|93|2|49|W|type:landmark_scale:2000|name=KVTH-DT}}
| {{FCC-TV-Station-profile|KVTH-DT|Profile}}<br>{{FCC-LMS-Facility|608|3=LMS}}
| {{ubl|{{FCC-TV-Station-profile|KVTH-DT|Public file}}|{{FCC-LMS-Facility|608|3=LMS}}}}
|-
|- style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left;"
| {{nowrap|'''KVTJ-DT'''}}
! scope="row" |KVTJ-DT
| [[Jonesboro, Arkansas|Jonesboro]]
| [[Jonesboro, Arkansas|Jonesboro]]
| 48<br>18 (UHF)
| {{ubl|48|18 (UHF)}}
| {{start date and age|1998|6|p=y|br=y}}<sup>1</sup>
| Jonesboro
| {{val|420|fmt=commas|u=kW}}
| {{start date and age|1998|6|p=y}}<sup>1</sup>
| {{convert|296|m|ft|0|abbr=on}}
| '''Analog:'''<br>48 (UHF, 1998–2009)<br>'''Digital:'''<br>49 (UHF, 2005–2009),<br>48 (UHF, 2009–2018)
| 420&nbsp;kW
| {{nowrap|{{convert|296|m|ft|0|abbr=on}}}}
| 2784
| 2784
| {{coord|35|36|13.16|N|90|31|18.49|W|type:landmark_scale:2000|name=KVTJ-DT}}
| {{coord|35|36|13.16|N|90|31|18.49|W|type:landmark_scale:2000|name=KVTJ-DT}}
| {{FCC-TV-Station-profile|KVTJ-DT|Profile}}<br>{{FCC-LMS-Facility|2784|3=LMS}}
| {{ubl|{{FCC-TV-Station-profile|KVTJ-DT|Public file}}|{{FCC-LMS-Facility|2784|3=LMS}}}}
|- style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left;"
|}
|}
:<sup>1</sup> The ''Broadcasting and Cable Yearbook'' says KVTJ signed on June 6, while the ''Television and Cable Factbook'' says it signed on June 26.

:<sup>2</sup> KVTN, KVTH and KVTJ incorporated the "-DT" suffix into their respective callsigns on June 22, 2009.
;Notes:
* 1. The ''Broadcasting and Cable Yearbook'' says KVTJ signed on June 6, while the ''Television and Cable Factbook'' says it signed on June 26.
* 2. KVTN, KVTH and KVTJ incorporated the "-DT" suffix into their respective callsigns on June 22, 2009.

==Programming==
Programming on VTN consists primarily of Christian programming syndicated by various national ministries and purchased through time-brokerage agreements, including programs from [[televangelism|televangelists]] such as [[Joel Osteen]] (''[[Lakewood Church]] with Joel Osteen''), [[Jesse Duplantis]] (''Voice of the Covenant''), [[Kenneth Copeland]] (''Believer’s Voice of Victory''), [[Joyce Meyer]] (''Enjoying Everyday Life''), [[James Robison (televangelist)|James Robison]] (''[[Life Today with James Robison|Life Today]]''), [[Joseph Prince]] (''Destined to Reign''), [[Marilyn Hickey]] (''Today with Marilyn and Sarah''), [[Andrew Wommack]] (''The Gospel Truth'') and Dr. [[Charles Stanley]] (''In Touch'', which airs in both its daily half-hour and weekly one-hour versions); as well as religion-oriented news and talk shows (such as ''[[The 700 Club]]'', ''[[Christian Broadcasting Network|CBN]] Newswatch'', ''Christian World News'' and ''Your Health with Dr. Richard and Cindy Becker'') and [[gospel music]] programs (such as the ''[[Gaither Homecoming]] Hour'' and ''Great American Gospel'').<ref name="vtn">{{cite web|title=Programs|url=https://www.vtntv.com/watch-vtn/programs/|website=Victory Television Network|access-date=February 23, 2022}}</ref>

Along with offering syndicated religious programs, the network also offers original programming (including two programs hosted by VTN founder Happy Caldwell, the flagship interview and biblical teaching program ''Arkansas Alive'' and the weekly ''Happy Caldwell Ministries'', and ''In His Presence'', a gospel and biblical teaching program hosted by network co-founder Jeanne Caldwell) and programs produced by other Arkansas-based ministries (such as ''Words to Empower'', hosted by Pastor Frank H. Stewart of [[North Little Rock, Arkansas|North Little Rock]]–based Agape Community Temple of Servants, which is unrelated to the Agape Church; ''2CYR TV'', a program profiling stories of youth in Arkansas's foster care and adoption system, hosted by Perry Black of the [[Bryant, Arkansas|Bryant]]-based Second Chance Youth Ranch; and ''Heart of a Servant'', hosted by Apostle Craig and Pastor Sheryl Banks of Pine Bluff–based Canaan Christian Center). Syndicated faith-based children's programs compliant with [[Regulations on children's television programming in the United States|Children's Television Act]] guidelines (such as ''Dr. Wonder's Workshop'', ''Kids Like You'' and ''Donkey Ollie'') are also broadcast on weekday mid-afternoons in a half-hour block and on Saturday mornings from 6:00 to 7:30&nbsp;a.m.<ref name="vtn"/>


==Technical information==
==Technical information==
===Subchannels===
===Subchannel===
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
|-
|-
! [[Digital subchannel#United States|Channel]]
! [[Digital subchannel#United States|Channel]]
! [[Display resolution|Video]]
! [[Display resolution|Res.]]
! [[Aspect ratio (image)|Aspect]]
! [[Aspect ratio (image)|Aspect]]
! Short name
! Short name
! Programming<ref>{{cite web|title=RabbitEars TV Query for KVTN|url=http://www.rabbitears.info/market.php?request=station_search&callsign=KVTN#station|website=[[RabbitEars]]|access-date=July 21, 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=RabbitEars TV Query for KVTH|url=http://www.rabbitears.info/market.php?request=station_search&callsign=KVTH#station|website=RabbitEars|access-date=July 21, 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=RabbitEars TV Query for KVTJ|url=http://www.rabbitears.info/market.php?request=station_search&callsign=KVTJ#station|website=RabbitEars|access-date=July 21, 2015}}</ref>
! Programming<ref>{{cite web|title=RabbitEars TV Query for KVTN|url=http://www.rabbitears.info/market.php?request=station_search&callsign=KVTN#station|website=[[RabbitEars]]|access-date=July 21, 2015}}
*{{cite web|title=RabbitEars TV Query for KVTH|url=http://www.rabbitears.info/market.php?request=station_search&callsign=KVTH#station|website=RabbitEars|access-date=July 21, 2015}}
*{{cite web|title=RabbitEars TV Query for KVTJ|url=http://www.rabbitears.info/market.php?request=station_search&callsign=KVTJ#station|website=RabbitEars|access-date=July 21, 2015}}</ref>

|-
|-
! scope="row" |xx.1
| xx.1 || [[1080i]] || [[16:9]] || VTN || Main VTN programming

| [[1080i]]

| [[16:9]]

| VTN

| Main VTN programming

|}
|}


Line 127: Line 129:
* KVTJ's digital signal relocated from its pre-transition UHF channel 49 to channel 48 for post-transition operations.
* KVTJ's digital signal relocated from its pre-transition UHF channel 49 to channel 48 for post-transition operations.


As a part of the [[Spectrum reallocation#Repacking|broadcast frequency repacking]] process following the [[2016 United States wireless spectrum auction|2016–17 FCC incentive auction]], both of KVTN's satellite stations were required to change their digital channel assignments, which were assigned to the 600 MHz UHF band (corresponding to channels 38–51) that was being reallocated for wireless telecommunications use:<ref>{{cite web|title=NAB Spectrum Repacking Clearinghouse|url=http://www.nab.org/repacking/clearinghouse.asp|publisher=[[National Association of Broadcasters]]|access-date=June 28, 2017}}</ref>
As a part of the [[Spectrum reallocation#Repacking|broadcast frequency repacking]] process following the [[2016 United States wireless spectrum auction|2016–17 FCC incentive auction]], both of KVTN's satellite stations were required to change their digital channel assignments, which were assigned to the 600&nbsp;MHz UHF band (corresponding to channels 38–51) that was being reallocated for wireless telecommunications use:<ref>{{cite web|title=NAB Spectrum Repacking Clearinghouse|url=http://www.nab.org/repacking/clearinghouse.asp|publisher=[[National Association of Broadcasters]]|access-date=June 28, 2017}}</ref>
* KVTH's digital signal relocated from its pre-transition UHF channel 26 to channel 16, which is displayed as virtual channel 26 on digital television receivers.
* KVTH's digital signal relocated from its pre-transition UHF channel 26 to channel 16, which is displayed as virtual channel 26 on digital television receivers.
* KVTJ's digital signal relocated from its pre-transition UHF channel 48 to channel 18, which is displayed as virtual channel 48 on digital television receivers.
* KVTJ's digital signal relocated from its pre-transition UHF channel 48 to channel 18, which is displayed as virtual channel 48 on digital television receivers.
Line 136: Line 138:
==External links==
==External links==
* {{Official website|https://www.vtntv.com/}}
* {{Official website|https://www.vtntv.com/}}
* {{BIA|KVTN|TV|TV}}
* {{BIA|KVTH|TV|TV}}
* {{BIA|KVTJ|TV|TV}}


{{LRTV}}
{{LRTV}}
Line 144: Line 143:
{{Other Arkansas Stations}}
{{Other Arkansas Stations}}


[[Category:Television stations in Arkansas]]
[[Category:Television channels and stations established in 1988]]
[[Category:1988 establishments in Arkansas]]
[[Category:1988 establishments in Arkansas]]
[[Category:Evangelical television networks]]
[[Category:Evangelical television networks]]
[[Category:Television channels and stations established in 1988]]
[[Category:Television stations in Arkansas]]

Latest revision as of 06:16, 10 February 2024

Victory Television Network
City
Channels
Programming
AffiliationsReligious independent
Ownership
OwnerVictory Television Network, Inc.
History
First air date
December 1, 1988 (35 years ago) (1988-12-01)
Links
Websitewww.vtntv.com

The Victory Television Network (VTN) is a religious independent television network serving the U.S. state of Arkansas. It serves as the broadcasting arm of the Little Rock–based Agape Church, and is operated by a namesake parent subsidiary that holds the licenses for the three stations that comprise the network: flagship station KVTN-DT (channel 25) in Pine Bluff, and satellites KVTH-DT (channel 26) in Hot Springs and KVTJ-DT (channel 48) in Jonesboro. Although all three stations have commercial licenses, VTN—which is the only Christian-oriented television network headquartered in Arkansas and is among the few religious independent stations located outside of a major U.S. television market—operates as a non-profit entity reliant on monetary contributions from its viewers to fund its operations.

In addition to its broadcast stations, VTN's programming is available on more than 225 cable systems across Arkansas. Through their over-the-air, cable and satellite distribution, the VTN stations reach 1.2 million homes across the state of Arkansas, western Tennessee, the bootheel of Missouri and portions of northwestern Mississippi. The main offices, production facilities and network operations of the Victory Television Network are located at the Agape Church campus on Napa Valley Drive (west of Interstate 430) in western Little Rock.

History

[edit]

The network was founded by husband-and-wife Howard "Happy" Caldwell II and Jeanne Caldwell, who co-founded the Agape Church in 1979; the Caldwells served as pastors of the church until their semi-retirement in December 2013. In 1987, the Caldwells began developing a television ministry that would utilize the church's production facilities to distribute its weekly services and other ministerial programs, including programs leased to other local ministries, along with acquiring brokered daily and weekly religious programs from non-Arkansas-based ministries that were available in syndication.[1]

On April 28, 1987, KIXK Inc., owned by the El Dorado radio station of the same name, donated the construction permit for KZRQ (channel 25), an unbuilt commercial television station licensed to Pine Bluff, to the Agape Church for $40,611. The transaction was granted by the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) on June 30.[2][3] The station, which was assigned the call letters KVTN, signed on the air on December 1, 1988, broadcasting from a transmitter near Arkansas Highway 161 in western Jefferson County (located 4.5 miles [7.2 km] west of England).

By the early 1990s, the Caldwells made plans to expand their television ministry—which they branded as the "Victory Television Network"—into other sections of Arkansas. On February 17, 1993, PPD&G, Inc., sold the license assets of KRZB-TV (channel 26) in Hot Springs to the Agape Church for $75,000.[4] KRZB-TV had operated from 1986 to 1988 as an independent station but succumbed to mounting financial problems and a signal that did not reach Little Rock. The sale received FCC approval on November 16, 1993, and was finalized on February 8, 1994.[5] A new $700,000 tower was built on Jack Mountain, 6 miles [9.7 km] south of Hot Springs, to expand channel 26's signal into cities such as Benton and Arkadelphia.[6] Channel 26 returned to the air on April 2, 1995, as KVTN satellite station KVTH.

On October 18, 1994, the Arkansas Rural Television Co. sold the construction permit for an unbuilt commercial station assigned to UHF channel 48 in Jonesboro to the Agape Church for $50,000. The transaction received FCC approval on October 6, 1995, and was finalized on December 11;[7][8] the station signed on as KVTJ on June 1, 1998, from a transmitter near Judd Hill (approximately 1.1 miles [1.8 km] northwest of the intersection of US 63 and Arkansas Highway 214).

Agape Church also filed permit applications for two additional satellite stations during the mid-1990s, with the intent of expanding the network into portions of Northwest and South-Central Arkansas: the church filed applications to operate satellites on UHF channel 31 in Harrison (on July 28, 1995) and on UHF channel 43 in El Dorado (on June 28, 1996).[9][10] The Harrison application was dismissed by the FCC on April 3, 1998,[11] while the El Dorado application was dismissed after auction on March 21, 2000. With its broadcast coverage limited to Central and Northeast Arkansas, VTN relies on cable and satellite carriage to distribute its programming to other areas of the state.

On October 14, 2015, the elder Caldwells and their son, Ronnie Caldwell, filed to transfer the VTN stations to Victory Television Network, Inc., a separate licensee operated in conjunction with the Agape Church, for the assumption of monetary operational liabilities. The transfer received FCC approval on December 14. (The network had been overseen by Scott and Loretta Stewart, who became senior pastors at Agape Church in December 2013 as Happy and Jeanne Caldwell transitioned into pastor emeritus roles.)[12][13]

Programming

[edit]

Programming on VTN consists primarily of Christian programming syndicated by various national ministries and purchased through time-brokerage agreements, including programs from televangelists such as Joel Osteen (Lakewood Church with Joel Osteen), Jesse Duplantis (Voice of the Covenant), Kenneth Copeland (Believer’s Voice of Victory), Joyce Meyer (Enjoying Everyday Life), James Robison (Life Today), Joseph Prince (Destined to Reign), Marilyn Hickey (Today with Marilyn and Sarah), Andrew Wommack (The Gospel Truth) and Dr. Charles Stanley (In Touch, which airs in both its daily half-hour and weekly one-hour versions); as well as religion-oriented news and talk shows (such as The 700 Club, CBN Newswatch, Christian World News and Your Health with Dr. Richard and Cindy Becker) and gospel music programs (such as the Gaither Homecoming Hour and Great American Gospel).[14]

Along with offering syndicated religious programs, the network also offers original programming (including two programs hosted by VTN founder Happy Caldwell, the flagship interview and biblical teaching program Arkansas Alive and the weekly Happy Caldwell Ministries, and In His Presence, a gospel and biblical teaching program hosted by network co-founder Jeanne Caldwell) and programs produced by other Arkansas-based ministries (such as Words to Empower, hosted by Pastor Frank H. Stewart of North Little Rock–based Agape Community Temple of Servants, which is unrelated to the Agape Church; 2CYR TV, a program profiling stories of youth in Arkansas's foster care and adoption system, hosted by Perry Black of the Bryant-based Second Chance Youth Ranch; and Heart of a Servant, hosted by Apostle Craig and Pastor Sheryl Banks of Pine Bluff–based Canaan Christian Center). Syndicated faith-based children's programs compliant with Children's Television Act guidelines (such as Dr. Wonder's Workshop, Kids Like You and Donkey Ollie) are also broadcast on weekday mid-afternoons in a half-hour block and on Saturday mornings from 6 to 7:30 a.m.[14]

Stations

[edit]

The Victory Television Network consists of the following full-power digital stations:

Station City of license Channels
(VC / RF)
First air date ERP HAAT Facility ID Transmitter coordinates Public license information
KVTN-DT Pine BluffLittle Rock
December 1, 1988
(35 years ago)
 (1988-12-01)
725 kW 355.5 m (1,166 ft) 607 34°31′55.7″N 92°2′41.6″W / 34.532139°N 92.044889°W / 34.532139; -92.044889 (KVTN-DT)
KVTH-DT Hot Springs
  • 26
  • 16 (UHF)
April 2, 1995
(29 years ago)
 (1995-04-02)
52.6 kW 263 m (863 ft) 608 34°22′20″N 93°2′49″W / 34.37222°N 93.04694°W / 34.37222; -93.04694 (KVTH-DT)
KVTJ-DT Jonesboro
  • 48
  • 18 (UHF)
June 1998
(26 years ago)
 (1998-06)1
420 kW 296 m (971 ft) 2784 35°36′13.16″N 90°31′18.49″W / 35.6036556°N 90.5218028°W / 35.6036556; -90.5218028 (KVTJ-DT)
1 The Broadcasting and Cable Yearbook says KVTJ signed on June 6, while the Television and Cable Factbook says it signed on June 26.
2 KVTN, KVTH and KVTJ incorporated the "-DT" suffix into their respective callsigns on June 22, 2009.

Technical information

[edit]

Subchannel

[edit]
Channel Res. Aspect Short name Programming[15]
xx.1 1080i 16:9 VTN Main VTN programming

Analog-to-digital conversion; spectrum repack

[edit]

KVTN, KVTH and KVTJ shut down their analog signals at 10:00 a.m. on February 9, 2009, eight days before the original federal deadline for American full-power television stations to transition exclusively to digital broadcasts (which Congress had moved the previous month to June 12). The post-transition channel allocations for the Victory Television Network stations are as follows:[16]

  • KVTN's digital signal remained on its pre-transition UHF channel 24, which is displayed as virtual channel 25 on digital television receivers.
  • KVTH's digital signal relocated from its pre-transition UHF channel 14 to channel 26 for post-transition operations.
  • KVTJ's digital signal relocated from its pre-transition UHF channel 49 to channel 48 for post-transition operations.

As a part of the broadcast frequency repacking process following the 2016–17 FCC incentive auction, both of KVTN's satellite stations were required to change their digital channel assignments, which were assigned to the 600 MHz UHF band (corresponding to channels 38–51) that was being reallocated for wireless telecommunications use:[17]

  • KVTH's digital signal relocated from its pre-transition UHF channel 26 to channel 16, which is displayed as virtual channel 26 on digital television receivers.
  • KVTJ's digital signal relocated from its pre-transition UHF channel 48 to channel 18, which is displayed as virtual channel 48 on digital television receivers.

References

[edit]
  1. ^ "About us". Agape Church Little Rock. Retrieved February 23, 2022.
  2. ^ "For the Record" (PDF). Broadcasting. Broadcasting Publications, Inc. May 11, 1987. p. 103. Retrieved February 23, 2022 – via American Radio History.
  3. ^ "For the Record" (PDF). Broadcasting. Broadcasting Publications, Inc. August 3, 1987. p. 78. Retrieved February 23, 2022 – via American Radio History.
  4. ^ "For the Record" (PDF). Broadcasting. Broadcasting Publications, Inc. March 22, 1993. p. 54. Archived (PDF) from the original on November 8, 2021. Retrieved February 23, 2022 – via World Radio History.
  5. ^ "Application Search Details". Federal Communications Commission. February 8, 1994. Retrieved February 23, 2022.
  6. ^ Mark Gregory (May 19, 1993). "Local stations sought for family, religious airtime". The Sentinel-Record. WEHCO Media. pp. 1A, 2A.
  7. ^ "For the Record" (PDF). Broadcasting & Cable. Cahners Business Information. November 28, 1994. p. 57. Retrieved February 23, 2022 – via American Radio History.
  8. ^ "Application Search Details". Federal Communications Commission. December 11, 1995. Retrieved February 23, 2022.
  9. ^ "For the Record" (PDF). Broadcasting & Cable. Cahners Business Information. August 28, 1995. p. 57. Retrieved February 23, 2022 – via American Radio History.
  10. ^ "For the Record" (PDF). Broadcasting & Cable. Cahners Business Information. July 22, 1996. p. 63. Retrieved February 23, 2022 – via American Radio History.
  11. ^ "For the Record" (PDF). Broadcasting & Cable. Cahners Business Information. May 4, 1998. p. 138. Retrieved February 23, 2022 – via American Radio History.
  12. ^ "Station Trading Roundup: 5 Deals, $20.9M". TVNewsCheck. NewsCheck Media. October 20, 2015. Retrieved February 23, 2022.
  13. ^ "Application for Consent to Assignment of Licenses" (PDF). Federal Communications Commission. December 14, 2015. Retrieved February 23, 2022.
  14. ^ a b "Programs". Victory Television Network. Retrieved February 23, 2022.
  15. ^ "RabbitEars TV Query for KVTN". RabbitEars. Retrieved July 21, 2015.
  16. ^ "DTV Tentative Channel Designations for the First and Second Rounds" (PDF). Federal Communications Commission. Archived from the original (PDF) on August 29, 2013. Retrieved March 24, 2012.
  17. ^ "NAB Spectrum Repacking Clearinghouse". National Association of Broadcasters. Retrieved June 28, 2017.
[edit]