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{{Short description|Bridge tournament for players 60 and older}}
{{TOC right}}

The '''d'Orsi Senior Bowl''', or '''Senior Bowl''' or '''d'Orsi Bowl''', is a biennial world championship [[contract bridge]] tournament for national {{gcb|teams}} of "Seniors", players age 60 and older.<ref group=lower-alpha name=seniors>
The '''d'Orsi Senior Bowl''', or '''Senior Bowl''' or '''d'Orsi Bowl''', is a biennial world championship [[contract bridge]] tournament for national {{gcb|teams}} of "Seniors", players age 60 and older.<ref group=lower-alpha name=seniors>
''Seniors'' in world bridge are people who turn age 60 or greater during the calendar year: for 2011, people born 1951 or earlier.[http://www.worldbridge.org/categories/seniors/default.asp Senior Bridge]. WBF. Retrieved 2011-12-04.
''Seniors'' in world bridge are people who turn age 60 or greater during the calendar year: for 2011, people born 1951 or earlier. Through 2005 the minimum age was 55. It was increased to age 60 by holding the defining year at 1950 for six years; thus all Seniors remained eligible during the transition. [http://www.worldbridge.org/categories/seniors/default.asp Senior Bridge] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110810165326/http://www.worldbridge.org/categories/seniors/default.asp |date=2011-08-10 }}. WBF. Retrieved 2011-12-04.</ref>
It is contested every odd-number year under the auspices of the [[World Bridge Federation]] (WBF), alongside the [[Bermuda Bowl]] (Open), [[Venice Cup]] (Women) and [[Wuhan Cup]] (Mixed). Entries formally represent WBF [[#zonal|Zones as well as nations]]<!-- try a late section rather than a Note -->
<br/>• Through 2005 the minimum age was 55. It was increased to age 60 by holding the defining year at 1950 for six years; thus all Seniors remained eligible during the transition.
[http://www.worldbridge.org/categories/seniors/default.asp Senior Bridge]. WBF. Retrieved 2008-09-28. (no longer available)<!-- External link converted to footnote Reference 2008-09-28, probably consulting the contemporary version on that date -->
</ref>
It is contested every odd-number year under the auspices of the [[World Bridge Federation]] (WBF), alongside the [[Bermuda Bowl]] (Open) and [[Venice Cup]] (Women). Entries formally represent WBF [[#zonal|Zones as well as nations]]<!-- try a late section rather than a Note -->
so it is also known as the "World Zonal Senior Team Championship", one of three "World Zonal Team Championships".<ref>
so it is also known as the "World Zonal Senior Team Championship", one of three "World Zonal Team Championships".<ref>
[http://www.worldbridge.org/competitions/worldchampionships/default.asp World Championships]. World Bridge Federation ('''WBF'''). Retrieved 2011-12-04.
[http://www.worldbridge.org/competitions/worldchampionships/default.asp World Championships] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111121154520/http://www.worldbridge.org/competitions/worldchampionships/default.asp |date=2011-11-21 }}. World Bridge Federation ('''WBF'''). Retrieved 2011-12-04.
</ref><ref name=info2000>
</ref><ref name=info2000>
[[#40th|40th World Teams]], Information.
[[#40th|40th World Teams]], Information.
</ref>
</ref>
It became an official world championship event in 2001 following a successful exhibition in 2000.#
It became an official world championship event in 2001 following a successful exhibition in 2000.


Alternatively, the '''d'Orsi Senior Bowl''' is the trophy awarded to the winning team.<!-- permanent copy? two year loan? --> It was donated at the 2009 tournament in Brazil by former WBF President Ernesto d'Orsi,<ref group=lower-alpha>
The '''d'Orsi Senior Bowl''' is also the trophy awarded to the winning team.<!-- permanent copy? two year loan? --> It was donated at the 2009 tournament in Brazil by former WBF President Ernesto d'Orsi,<ref group=lower-alpha>
At the time, the Brazilian d'Orsi had been Chairman of both the WBF Competition & Tournament Committee and its Rules & Regulations Committee since 1995; Chairman of the WBF Master Points Committee since 2002; and President of CSB (Zone 3, South America) since 2008.
At the time, the Brazilian d'Orsi had been Chairman of both the WBF Competition & Tournament Committee and its Rules & Regulations Committee since 1995; Chairman of the WBF Master Points Committee since 2002; and President of CSB (Zone 3, South America) since 2008.
<br/>• {{WBFpeople|221|Ernesto D'ORSI}}. Retrieved 2011-12-08.
<br/>• {{WBFpeople|221|Ernesto D'ORSI}}. Retrieved 2011-12-08.
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</ref>
</ref>


The most recent event took place in 2023 in [[Marrakech]], Morocco.<ref>[http://championships.worldbridge.org/marrakech2023]. 46th World Bridge Team Championships, WBF. Retrieved 2023-09-07.</ref>
France won its first title in the 6th Senior Bowl tournament, October 2011 in [[Veldhoven]], Netherlands. USA 2<ref group=lower-alpha name=usa2>
Annual rankings published by the WBF show double representation for the US in all Senior Bowl tournaments. Select "Venue" links at [http://www.worldbridge.org/competitions/worldchampionships/TeamChampionships.asp?qmenuid=20 "World Team Championships to Date"]. Retrieved 2011-08-17.
</ref>
and Poland placed second and third.<ref name=y2011/>

The next rendition will be September 2013 in [[Bali]], [[Indonesia]].<ref>
[http://www.worldbridge.org/home.asp Headlines]. WBF. Retrieved 2011-12-04.
</ref>


==Structure==
==Structure==
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They compete as {{gcb|teams|teams-of-four}} with scoring by {{gcb|imps |International Match Points}} (IMP).
They compete as {{gcb|teams|teams-of-four}} with scoring by {{gcb|imps |International Match Points}} (IMP).


For one week everyone plays round-robin matches of 16 deals, three daily matches (21 in all) with IMP margins converted to {{gcb|victorypoints |Victory Points}} (VP). Teams who draw get 15 points each, up to 25 for the winner and down to 0 for the loser.
For one week everyone plays round-robin matches of 16 deals, three daily matches (21 in all) with IMP margins converted to {{gcb|victorypoints |Victory Points}} (VP). Teams who draw get 15 points each, up to 25 for the winner and down to 0 for the loser.


The eight round-robin leaders continue in long knockout matches, 96 deals in two days (except 128 in three days for the Open final), with {{gcb|carryover}} as much as 16 IMP from the short matches between the same teams. The [[World Transnational Open Teams Championship]] begins after most teams are eliminated from the three major events; players on all but the four semifinalist teams in each flight are welcome to enter the Transnational.
The eight round-robin leaders continue in long knockout matches, 96 deals in two days (except 128 in three days for the Open final), with {{gcb|carryover}} as much as 16 IMP from the short matches between the same teams. The [[World Transnational Open Teams Championship]] begins after most teams are eliminated from the three major events; players on all but the four semifinalist teams in each flight are welcome to enter the Transnational.

==Latest rendition==

France won the 2011 d'Orsi Bowl by 165 to 160 {{gcb|IMP}} in a two-day final match against USA 2,<ref>
[http://www.worldbridge.org/tourn/Veldhoven.11/Microsite/Results/knockoutphase.asp?qtournid=887&qphase=FF 6th d'Orsi Senior Bowl Knockout: Final], 2011. WBF.
</ref>
the second of two qualifiers from the United States.<ref group=lower-alpha name=usa2/>
{| class=wikitable
|-
| '''USA 2''' ||<br><sub><span style="color:gray;">6+ ||bgcolor=c0c0c0| ||8 ||11 ||20 ||<br><sub><span style="color:gray;">45+ ||bgcolor=c0c0c0| ||79 ||17 ||19 ||bgcolor=c0c0c0| ||'''160+'''
|-
| '''France'''&nbsp; ||<sup><span style="color:gray;">0<br>&nbsp; ||bgcolor=c0c0c0| ||45 ||21 ||23 ||<sup><span style="color:grey;">89<br>&nbsp; ||bgcolor=c0c0c0| ||13 ||30 ||33 ||bgcolor=c0c0c0| ||'''165'''
|}
The Americans started with 6.33 IMP carryover from the 16-deal round-robin match, meaning France must score at least 7 IMP better on the 96 {{gcb|deal}}s of the final. France yielded almost nothing during the first three segments, to lead overnight by 89 to 45+ including carryover. The Americans posted a huge fourth set, 79 IMP on 16 deals to regain the lead, but France again yielded almost nothing in the last two segments, and only 75 IMP on 80 deals in the five good segments.

<!-- one source is running scores calculated from the scoresheet -->
The final lead change occurred on the 87th deal (#23) where France played 5{{diamonds}} and made it while USA played at a 4{{diamonds}} opening bid. France never led by so much as 11 IMP, which is attainable at once, and the final margin less than 5 IMP commonly scored at once. So the outcome "went to the end", even for spectators (who know the score, as players don't).<ref group=lower-alpha>
Players at the table know the score precisely only at the beginning of a segment, when lineups may be changed too. Neither communication with active players nor their replacement is permitted during a segment and inactive players are likely to be among the spectators at the end of a close match.
</ref><!-- one source is running scores calculated from the scoresheet --><ref>
[http://www.worldbridge.org/tourn/Veldhoven.11/Microsite/Results/BoardDetailsKO.asp?qmatchid=40237&qphase=FF 2011 final segment scorecard], [[#40th|40th World Teams]].
</ref>

There were 22 national teams in the field, who represented the eight WBF zones as follows.<ref>
[[#40th|40th World Teams]], Participants.
</ref>
The regular quota for Europe is six teams, seven at Veldhoven because the host country qualifies automatically.<ref name=quota>
"Participation in the Bermuda Bowl, Venice Cup & D'Orsi Senior Bowl" (May 2011), ''[http://www.worldbridge.org/departments/rules/GeneralConditionsOfContest2011.pdf General Conditions of Contest for all World Championships ...]'', Appendix 7. WBF. Retrieved 2011-12-12.
</ref>
:'''Europe''': Poland, Denmark, Italy, France, Germany, Bulgaria, Netherlands <small>—ranks 1 to 6 and 12 in the European championship</small><ref>
[http://www.eurobridge.org/competitions/european_championships/TeamChampRP.asp?qmenudetid=486 Results & Participants], 50th European Team Championships, 2010. [[European Bridge League]].
</ref>
:'''North America''': Canada, USA 1, USA 2<ref group=lower-alpha name=usa2/>
:'''South America''': Argentina, Brazil
:'''Asia & Middle East''': India, Pakistan
:'''C. America & Carib.''': Guadeloupe
:'''Pacific Asia''': China Hong Kong, Indonesia, Japan
:'''South Pacific''': Australia, New Zealand
:'''Africa''': Egypt, Reunion
The first stage was a full round-robin scheduled in advance.<ref group=lower-alpha>
[http://www.worldbridge.org/tourn/Veldhoven.11/Documents/ScheduleOfPlay_SeniorsBowl.pdf Schedule of Play / d'Orsi Seniors Bowl]. 2011. WBF.
<br>Given the single round-robin structure, the particular schedule should make little difference to the outcome of the first stage.
</ref>
Every team played 21 short matches of 16(?) deals at three per day.


==2000 exhibition==
==2000 exhibition==
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| rowspan=3 bgcolor=f8f8f8 valign="Top"|2000<ref name=preface2000/><ref name=y2000/> (exhibition)
| rowspan=3 bgcolor=f8f8f8 valign="Top"|2000<ref name=preface2000/><ref name=y2000/> (exhibition)
<br>January 8–14
<br>January 8–14

<br>
<br>Southampton, Bermuda &nbsp;
Southampton, Bermuda &nbsp;

<br>
<br>6 teams
6 teams
||1.&nbsp;|| {{flagicon|Poland}} '''Poland''' <br><small>Aleksander Jezioro, Julian Klukowski, Janusz Nowak, Stefan Szenberg, Andrzej Wilkosz &nbsp;
||1.&nbsp;|| {{flagicon|Poland}} '''Poland''' <br><small>Aleksander Jezioro, Julian Klukowski, Janusz Nowak, Stefan Szenberg, Andrzej Wilkosz &nbsp;</small>
|- bgcolor="silver"
|- bgcolor="silver"
|2.|| {{flagicon|France}} '''France''' <br><small>Pierre Adad, Maurice Aujaleu, Claude Delmouly, Jean-Marc Roudinesco
|2.|| {{flagicon|France}} '''France''' <br><small>Pierre Adad, Maurice Aujaleu, Claude Delmouly, Jean-Marc Roudinesco</small>
|- bgcolor="cc9966"
|- bgcolor="cc9966"
|3.|| {{flagicon|China}} '''China''' <br><small>Gu XUEHAI, Li Jin, Lu YULIN, Tang HOUZU, Lu ZHENTING
|3.|| {{flagicon|China}} '''China''' <br><small>Gu XUEHAI, Li Jin, Lu YULIN, Tang HOUZU, Lu ZHENTING</small>
|-
|-
|}
|}


Standings in the round-robin stage were identical to the final standings. Only Poland and France scored better than average (150 [[#victorypoints|Victory Points]], equivalent to ten ties) followed by China, North America, World Champions, and Australia.
Standings in the round-robin stage were identical to the final standings. Only Poland and France scored better than average (150 [[#victorypoints|Victory Points]], equivalent to ten ties) followed by China, North America, World Champions, and Australia.


In two one-day semifinals Poland beat North America 190–74 and France beat China 145–83,<ref>
In two one-day semifinals Poland beat North America 190–74 and France beat China 145–83,<ref>
Line 135: Line 81:
Official world championship flights for Seniors were added to both the quadrennial [[World Team Olympiad]] beginning 2000 (ten months later) and to the biennial World Team Championships beginning 2001 (twenty months later).<!-- one source is our linked article -->
Official world championship flights for Seniors were added to both the quadrennial [[World Team Olympiad]] beginning 2000 (ten months later) and to the biennial World Team Championships beginning 2001 (twenty months later).<!-- one source is our linked article -->


==Results==
==Historical results==


The first Senior Bowl trophy debuted in 2001{{citation needed|date=August 2011}} and the eponymous tournament for senior teams joined the official "World Team Championships" program beside the Bermuda Bowl and Venice Cup for open and women teams.<ref name=todate>
The first Senior Bowl trophy debuted in 2001{{citation needed|date=August 2011}} and the eponymous tournament for senior teams joined the official "World Team Championships" program beside the Bermuda Bowl and Venice Cup for open and women teams.<ref name=todate>
[http://www.worldbridge.org/competitions/worldchampionships/TeamChampionships.asp?qmenuid=20 World Team Championships] (To Date table). WBF.
[http://www.worldbridge.org/competitions/worldchampionships/TeamChampionships.asp?qmenuid=20 World Team Championships] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060615133957/http://www.worldbridge.org/competitions/worldchampionships/TeamChampionships.asp?qmenuid=20 |date=2006-06-15 }} (To Date table). WBF.
</ref>
</ref>
From eight teams in 2001 the field quickly expanded to match the other flights in size with 22 teams each by 2005.
From eight teams in 2001 the field quickly expanded to match the other flights in size with 22 teams each by 2005.
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!Year, Site, Entries || || Medalists
!Year, Site, Entries || || Medalists
|- bgcolor="gold"
|- bgcolor="gold"
| rowspan=3 bgcolor="beige" valign="Top"|2001<ref name=y2001>[http://www.worldbridge.org/competitions/worldchampionships/TeamChampRP.asp?qmenudetid=223 35th World Team Championships: Results & Participants], 2001. WBF.</ref><ref name=news2001>[http://www.worldbridge.org/tourn/Paris.01/Paris.htm World Bridge Championships] contemporary coverage, 2001. WBF.</ref>
| rowspan=3 bgcolor="beige" valign="Top"|2001<ref name=y2001>[http://www.worldbridge.org/competitions/worldchampionships/TeamChampRP.asp?qmenudetid=223 35th World Team Championships: Results & Participants], 2001. WBF.</ref><ref name=news2001>[http://www.worldbridge.org/tourn/Paris.01/Paris.htm World Bridge Championships] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120516033947/http://www.worldbridge.org/tourn/Paris.01/Paris.htm |date=2012-05-16 }} contemporary coverage, 2001. WBF.</ref>
Oct 21–Nov 3<!--meet-->
Oct 21–Nov 3<!--meet-->
<br>
<br>
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<br>
<br>
<br>8 teams
<br>8 teams
||1.|| {{flagicon|USA}} '''USA 2'''<ref group=lower-alpha name=usa2/> <br><small>Grant Baze, Gene Freed, Garey Hayden, Joe Kivel, Chris Larsen, John Onstott
||1.|| {{flagicon|USA}} '''USA 2'''<ref group=lower-alpha name=usa2>
Annual rankings published by the WBF show double representation for the US in all Senior Bowl tournaments. Select "Venue" links at [http://www.worldbridge.org/competitions/worldchampionships/TeamChampionships.asp?qmenuid=20 "World Team Championships to Date"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060615133957/http://www.worldbridge.org/competitions/worldchampionships/TeamChampionships.asp?qmenuid=20 |date=2006-06-15 }}. Retrieved 2011-08-17.
</ref> <br><small>[[Grant Baze]], [[Gene Freed]], [[Garey Hayden]], Joe Kivel, Chris Larsen, John Onstott</small>
|- bgcolor="silver"
|- bgcolor="silver"
|2.|| {{flagicon|Poland}} '''Poland'''<br><small>Wit Klapper, Jerzy Russyan, Stefan Szenberg, Włodzimierz Wala, Andrzej Wilkosz
|2.|| {{flagicon|Poland}} '''Poland'''<br><small>Wit Klapper, Jerzy Russyan, Stefan Szenberg, Włodzimierz Wala, Andrzej Wilkosz</small>
|- bgcolor="cc9966"
|- bgcolor="cc9966"
|3.|| {{flagicon|France}} '''France'''<br><small>Pierre Adad, Maurice Aujaleu, Claude Delmouly, François Leenhardt, Christian Mari, Marc Schneider
|3.|| {{flagicon|France}} '''France'''<br><small>Pierre Adad, Maurice Aujaleu, Claude Delmouly, François Leenhardt, Christian Mari, Marc Schneider</small>
|-
|-
| colspan=3|
| colspan=3|
|- bgcolor="gold"
|- bgcolor="gold"
| rowspan=3 bgcolor="beige" valign="Top"|2003<ref name=y2003>[http://www.worldbridge.org/competitions/worldchampionships/TeamChampRP.asp?qmenudetid=345 36th World Team Championships: Results & Participants], 2003. WBF.</ref><ref name=news2003>[http://www.worldbridge.org/tourn/Montecarlo.03/Monaco.htm World Bridge Championships] contemporary coverage, 2003. WBF.</ref>
| rowspan=3 bgcolor="beige" valign="Top"|2003<ref name=y2003>[http://www.worldbridge.org/competitions/worldchampionships/TeamChampRP.asp?qmenudetid=345 36th World Team Championships: Results & Participants], 2003. WBF.</ref><ref name=news2003>[http://www.worldbridge.org/tourn/Montecarlo.03/Monaco.htm World Bridge Championships] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111202075653/http://www.worldbridge.org/tourn/Montecarlo.03/Monaco.htm |date=2011-12-02 }} contemporary coverage, 2003. WBF.</ref>
November 2–15<!--meet-->
November 2–15<!--meet-->
<br>
<br>
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<br>
<br>
<br>15 teams
<br>15 teams
||1.||{{flagicon|USA}} '''USA 1'''<ref group=lower-alpha name=usa2/> <br><small>Roger Bates, Grant Baze, Garey Hayden, Gaylor Kasle, Steve Robinson, [[Kit Woolsey]]
||1.||{{flagicon|USA}} '''USA 1'''<ref group=lower-alpha name=usa2/> <br><small>[[Roger Bates]], [[Grant Baze]], [[Garey Hayden]], [[Gaylor Kasle]], [[Steve Robinson (bridge)|Steve Robinson]], [[Kit Woolsey]]</small>
|- bgcolor="silver"
|- bgcolor="silver"
|2.|| {{flagicon|France}} '''France'''<br><small>Pierre Adad, Maurice Aujaleu, Guy Lasserre, François Leenhardt, Christian Mari, Philippe Poizat
|2.|| {{flagicon|France}} '''France'''<br><small>Pierre Adad, Maurice Aujaleu, Guy Lasserre, François Leenhardt, Christian Mari, Philippe Poizat</small>
|- bgcolor="cc9966"
|- bgcolor="cc9966"
|3.|| {{flagicon|USA}} '''USA 2'''<ref group=lower-alpha name=usa2 /> <br><small>Dennis Dawson, Arnold Fisher, Zeke Jabbour, Clement Jackson, John Mohan, John Sutherlin
|3.|| {{flagicon|USA}} '''USA 2'''<ref group=lower-alpha name=usa2 /> <br><small>[[Dennis Dawson]], Arnold Fisher, [[Zeke Jabbour]], Clement Jackson, [[John Mohan]], [[John Sutherlin]]</small>
|-
|-
| colspan=3|
| colspan=3|
|- bgcolor="gold"
|- bgcolor="gold"
| rowspan=3 bgcolor="beige" valign="Top"|2005<ref name=y2005>[http://www.worldbridge.org/competitions/worldchampionships/TeamChampRP.asp?qmenudetid=369 37th World Team Championships: Results & Participants], 2005. WBF.</ref><ref name=news2005>[http://www.worldbridge.org/tourn/Estoril.05/Estoril.htm World Team Championships] contemporary coverage, 2005. WBF.</ref>
| rowspan=3 bgcolor="beige" valign="Top"|2005<ref name=y2005>[http://www.worldbridge.org/competitions/worldchampionships/TeamChampRP.asp?qmenudetid=369 37th World Team Championships: Results & Participants], 2005. WBF.</ref><ref name=news2005>[http://www.worldbridge.org/tourn/Estoril.05/Estoril.htm World Team Championships] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111202075933/http://www.worldbridge.org/tourn/estoril.05/estoril.htm |date=2011-12-02 }} contemporary coverage, 2005. WBF.</ref>
Oct 22–Nov 5<!--meet-->
Oct 22–Nov 5<!--meet-->
<br>
<br>
Line 182: Line 130:
<br>
<br>
<br>22 teams
<br>22 teams
||1.|| {{flagicon|USA}} '''USA 1'''<ref group=lower-alpha name=usa2/> <br><small>Roger Bates, Garey Hayden, Rose Meltzer, [[Alan Sontag]], Lew Stansby, Peter Weichsel
||1.|| {{flagicon|USA}} '''USA 1'''<ref group=lower-alpha name=usa2/> <br><small>[[Roger Bates]], [[Garey Hayden]], [[Rose Meltzer]], [[Alan Sontag]], [[Lew Stansby]], [[Peter Weichsel]]</small>
|- bgcolor="silver"
|- bgcolor="silver"
|2.|| {{flagicon|Indonesia}} '''Indonesia'''<br><small>Arwin Budirahardja, Henky Lasut, Eddy Manoppo, Denny Sacul, Munawar Sawiruddin, Amiruddin Yusuf
|2.|| {{flagicon|Indonesia}} '''Indonesia'''<br><small>Arwin Budirahardja, Henky Lasut, Eddy Manoppo, Denny Sacul, Munawar Sawiruddin, Amiruddin Yusuf</small>
|- bgcolor="cc9966"
|- bgcolor="cc9966"
|3.|| {{flagicon|Denmark}} '''Denmark'''<br><small>Jens Auken, Flemming Dahl, Peter Lund, Kirsten Steen Møller, Steen Møller, Georg Norris
|3.|| {{flagicon|Denmark}} '''Denmark'''<br><small>Jens Auken, Flemming Dahl, Peter Lund, Kirsten Steen Møller, Steen Møller, Georg Norris</small>
|-
|-
| colspan=3|
| colspan=3|
|- bgcolor="gold"
|- bgcolor="gold"
| rowspan=3 bgcolor="beige" valign="Top"|2007<ref name=y2007>[http://www.worldbridge.org/competitions/worldchampionships/TeamChampRP.asp?qmenudetid=369 38th World Team Championships: Results & Participants], 2007. WBF.</ref><ref name=news2007>[http://www.worldbridge.org/tourn/Shanghai.07/Shanghai.htm 38th World Team Championships] contemporary coverage, 2007. WBF.</ref>
| rowspan=3 bgcolor="beige" valign="Top"|2007<ref name=y2007>[http://www.worldbridge.org/competitions/worldchampionships/TeamChampRP.asp?qmenudetid=369 38th World Team Championships: Results & Participants], 2007. WBF.</ref><ref name=news2007>[http://www.worldbridge.org/tourn/Shanghai.07/Shanghai.htm 38th World Team Championships] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111202075957/http://www.worldbridge.org/tourn/shanghai.07/shanghai.htm |date=2011-12-02 }} contemporary coverage, 2007. WBF.</ref>
Sep 29–Oct 13<!--meet-->
Sep 29–Oct 13<!--meet-->
<br>
<br>
Line 196: Line 144:
<br>
<br>
<br>22 teams
<br>22 teams
||1.|| {{flagicon|USA}} '''USA 2'''<ref group=lower-alpha name=usa2/> <br><small>Roger Bates, Grant Baze, Bart Bramley, Rose Meltzer, [[Alan Sontag]], Lew Stansby
||1.|| {{flagicon|USA}} '''USA 2'''<ref group=lower-alpha name=usa2/> <br><small>[[Roger Bates]], [[Grant Baze]], [[Bart Bramley]], [[Rose Meltzer]], [[Alan Sontag]], [[Lew Stansby]]</small>
|- bgcolor="silver"
|- bgcolor="silver"
|2.|| {{flagicon|Indonesia}} '''Indonesia'''<br><small>Henky Lasut, Anindara Lubis, Eddy Manoppo, Denny Sacul, Munawar Sawiruddin, Ferdinand Robert Waluyan
|2.|| {{flagicon|Indonesia}} '''Indonesia'''<br><small>Henky Lasut, Anindara Lubis, Eddy Manoppo, Denny Sacul, Munawar Sawiruddin, Ferdinand Robert Waluyan</small>
|- bgcolor="cc9966"
|- bgcolor="cc9966"
|3.|| {{flagicon|USA}} '''USA 1'''<ref group=lower-alpha name=usa2/> <br><small>Dan Gerstman, Gaylor Kasle, Dan Morse, Ron Smith, John Sutherlin, [[Bobby Wolff]]
|3.|| {{flagicon|USA}} '''USA 1'''<ref group=lower-alpha name=usa2/> <br><small>Dan Gerstman, [[Gaylor Kasle]], [[Dan Morse]], [[Ron Smith (bridge)|Ron Smith]], [[John Sutherlin]], [[Bobby Wolff]]</small>
|-
|-
| colspan=3|
| colspan=3|
|- bgcolor="gold"
|- bgcolor="gold"
| rowspan=3 bgcolor="beige" valign="Top"|2009<ref name=y2009>[http://www.worldbridge.org/competitions/worldchampionships/TeamChampRP.asp?qmenudetid=466 39th World Team Championships: Results & Participants], 2009. WBF.</ref><ref name=news2009>[http://www.worldbridge.org/tourn/SaoPaulo.09/SaoPaulo.htm 39th World Team Championships] contemporary coverage, 2009. WBF.</ref>
| rowspan=3 bgcolor="beige" valign="Top"|2009<ref name=y2009>[http://www.worldbridge.org/competitions/worldchampionships/TeamChampRP.asp?qmenudetid=466 39th World Team Championships: Results & Participants], 2009. WBF.</ref><ref name=news2009>[http://www.worldbridge.org/tourn/SaoPaulo.09/SaoPaulo.htm 39th World Team Championships] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111221014112/http://www.worldbridge.org/tourn/SaoPaulo.09/SaoPaulo.htm |date=2011-12-21 }} contemporary coverage, 2009. WBF.</ref>
Aug 29–Sep 12<!--meet-->
Aug 29–Sep 12<!--meet-->
<br>
<br>
Line 210: Line 158:
<br>
<br>
<br>22 teams
<br>22 teams
||1.|| {{flagicon|England}} '''England'''<br><small>Paul D Hackett, Gunnar Hallberg, Ross Harper, John Holland, David Price, Colin Simpson
||1.|| {{flagicon|England}} '''England'''<br><small>Paul D Hackett, [[Gunnar Hallberg]], Ross Harper, John Holland, David Price, Colin Simpson</small>
|- bgcolor="silver"
|- bgcolor="silver"
|2.|| {{flagicon|Poland}} '''Poland'''<br><small>Julian Klukowski, Apolinary Kowalski, Krzysztof Lasocki, Victor Markowicz, Jacek Romanski, Jerzy Russyan
|2.|| {{flagicon|Poland}} '''Poland'''<br><small>Julian Klukowski, Apolinary Kowalski, Krzysztof Lasocki, Victor Markowicz, Jacek Romanski, Jerzy Russyan</small>
|- bgcolor="cc9966"
|- bgcolor="cc9966"
|3.|| {{flagicon|Indonesia}} '''Indonesia'''<br><small>Arianto Karna Djajanegara, Michael Bambang Hartono, Henky Lasut, Eddy Manoppo, Denny Sacul, Munawar Sawiruddin &nbsp;
|3.|| {{flagicon|Indonesia}} '''Indonesia'''<br><small>Arianto Karna Djajanegara, Michael Bambang Hartono, Henky Lasut, Eddy Manoppo, Denny Sacul, Munawar Sawiruddin &nbsp;</small>
|-
|-
| colspan=3|
| colspan=3|
Line 224: Line 172:
<br>
<br>
<br>22 teams
<br>22 teams
||1.|| {{flagicon|FRA}} '''France''' <br><small>Patrick Grenthe, Guy Lasserre, François Leenhardt, Patrice Piganeau, Philippe Poizat, Philippe Vanhoutte
||1.|| {{flagicon|FRA}} '''France''' <br><small>Patrick Grenthe, Guy Lasserre, François Leenhardt, Patrice Piganeau, Philippe Poizat, Philippe Vanhoutte</small>
|- bgcolor="silver"
|- bgcolor="silver"
|2.|| {{flagicon|USA}} '''USA 2'''<ref group=lower-alpha name=usa2/> <br><small>Peter Boyd, Neil Chambers, Gaylor Kasle, Larry Kozlove, Steve Robinson, John Schermer
|2.|| {{flagicon|USA}} '''USA 2'''<ref group=lower-alpha name=usa2/> <br><small>[[Peter Boyd]], [[Neil Chambers]], [[Gaylor Kasle]], Larry Kozlove, [[Steve Robinson (bridge)|Steve Robinson]], [[John Schermer]]</small>
|- bgcolor="cc9966"
|- bgcolor="cc9966"
|3.|| {{flagicon|POL}} '''Poland''' <br><small>Julian Klukowski, Apolinary Kowalski, Krzysztof Lasocki, Victor Markowicz, Jacek Romanski, Jerzy Russyan
|3.|| {{flagicon|POL}} '''Poland''' <br><small>Julian Klukowski, Apolinary Kowalski, Krzysztof Lasocki, Victor Markowicz, Jacek Romanski, Jerzy Russyan</small>
|}
France won the 2011 d'Orsi Bowl by 165 to 160 {{gcb|IMP}} in a two-day final match against USA 2,<ref>
[http://www.worldbridge.org/tourn/Veldhoven.11/Microsite/Results/knockoutphase.asp?qtournid=887&qphase=FF 6th d'Orsi Senior Bowl Knockout: Final], 2011. WBF.
</ref>
the second of two qualifiers from the United States.<ref group=lower-alpha name=usa2/>
{| class=wikitable
|-
| '''USA 2''' ||<br><sub><span style="color:gray;">6+</span></sub> ||bgcolor=c0c0c0| ||8 ||11 ||20 ||<br><sub><span style="color:gray;">45+</span></sub> ||bgcolor=c0c0c0| ||79 ||17 ||19 ||bgcolor=c0c0c0| ||'''160+'''
|-
| '''France'''&nbsp; ||<sup><span style="color:gray;">0<br>&nbsp;</span></sup> ||bgcolor=c0c0c0| ||45 ||21 ||23 ||<sup><span style="color:grey;">89<br>&nbsp;</span></sup> ||bgcolor=c0c0c0| ||13 ||30 ||33 ||bgcolor=c0c0c0| ||'''165'''
|}
The Americans started with 6.33 IMP carryover from the 16-deal round-robin match, meaning France must score at least 7 IMP better on the 96 {{gcb|deal}}s of the final. France yielded almost nothing during the first three segments, to lead overnight by 89 to 45+ including carryover. The Americans posted a huge fourth set, 79 IMP on 16 deals to regain the lead, but France again yielded almost nothing in the last two segments, and only 75 IMP on 80 deals in the five good segments.

<!-- one source is running scores calculated from the scoresheet -->
The final lead change occurred on the 87th deal (#23) where France played 5{{diamonds}} and made it while USA played at a 4{{diamonds}} opening bid. France never led by so much as 11 IMP, which is attainable at once, and the final margin less than 5 IMP commonly scored at once. So the outcome "went to the end", even for spectators (who know the score, as players don't).<ref group=lower-alpha>
Players at the table know the score precisely only at the beginning of a segment, when lineups may be changed too. Neither communication with active players nor their replacement is permitted during a segment and inactive players are likely to be among the spectators at the end of a close match.
</ref><!-- one source is running scores calculated from the scoresheet --><ref>
[http://www.worldbridge.org/tourn/Veldhoven.11/Microsite/Results/BoardDetailsKO.asp?qmatchid=40237&qphase=FF 2011 final segment scorecard], [[#40th|40th World Teams]].
</ref>

There were 22 national teams in the field, who represented the eight WBF zones as follows.<ref>
[[#40th|40th World Teams]], Participants.
</ref>
The regular quota for Europe is six teams, seven at Veldhoven because the host country qualifies automatically.<ref name=quota>
"Participation in the Bermuda Bowl, Venice Cup & D'Orsi Senior Bowl" (May 2011), ''[http://www.worldbridge.org/departments/rules/GeneralConditionsOfContest2011.pdf General Conditions of Contest for all World Championships ...]'', Appendix 7. WBF. Retrieved 2011-12-12.
</ref>
:'''Europe''': Poland, Denmark, Italy, France, Germany, Bulgaria, Netherlands <small>—ranks 1 to 6 and 12 in the European championship</small><ref>
[http://www.eurobridge.org/competitions/european_championships/TeamChampRP.asp?qmenudetid=486 Results & Participants], 50th European Team Championships, 2010. [[European Bridge League]].
</ref>
:'''North America''': Canada, USA 1, USA 2<ref group=lower-alpha name=usa2/>
:'''South America''': Argentina, Brazil
:'''Asia & Middle East''': India, Pakistan
:'''C. America & Carib.''': Guadeloupe
:'''Pacific Asia''': China Hong Kong, Indonesia, Japan
:'''South Pacific''': Australia, New Zealand
:'''Africa''': Egypt, Reunion
The first stage was a full round-robin scheduled in advance.<ref group=lower-alpha>
[http://www.worldbridge.org/tourn/Veldhoven.11/Documents/ScheduleOfPlay_SeniorsBowl.pdf Schedule of Play / d'Orsi Seniors Bowl]. 2011. WBF.
<br>Given the single round-robin structure, the particular schedule should make little difference to the outcome of the first stage.
</ref>
Every team played 21 short matches of 16(?) deals at three per day.

{|class="wikitable"
| colspan=3|
|- bgcolor="gold"
| rowspan=3 bgcolor="beige" valign="Top"|2013<ref name=y2013>[http://www.worldbridge.org/Repository/tourn/Bali.13/microSite/results.htm 41st World Team Championships: Results & Participants], 2013. WBF. Retrieved 2014-114-18.</ref><ref>[[#41st|41st World Teams]].</ref>
October 16–29<!--meet-->
<br>
<br>[[Nusa Dua]], Bali &nbsp;
<br>
<br>22 teams
||1.|| {{flagicon|USA}} '''USA 2''' <br><small>[[Roger Bates]], [[Garey Hayden]], [[Marc Jacobus]], [[Carolyn Lynch]], [[Mike Passell]], [[Eddie Wold]]</small>
|- bgcolor="silver"
|2.|| {{flagicon|POL}} '''Poland'''<ref group=lower-alpha name=usa2/> <br><small>Julian Klukowski, Apolinary Kowalski, Krzysztof Lasocki, Victor Markowicz, Jacek Romanski, Jerzy Russyan</small>
|- bgcolor="cc9966"
|3.|| {{flagicon|FRA}} '''France''' <br><small>Patrick Grenthe, Guy Lasserre, Francois Leenhardt, Alain Levy, Philippe Poizat, Philippe Vanhoutte</small>
|-
|-
|}
|}


{{anchor|zonal}}
{{anchor|zonal}}

There was a cheating scandal at the 2013 event. The original winners, Germany, were disqualified, and the WBF moved USA 2 to first place, Poland to second and France to third.

The 2015 championship, held in [[Chennai]], India, was won by USA1 ahead of Sweden, with Poland third ahead of USA2.<ref>[http://www.worldbridge.org/repository/tourn/chennai.15/Microsite/Asp/knockoutphase.asp?qtournid=1136&qphase=FF 42nd World Team Championships results], www.worldbridge.org</ref>

{|class="wikitable"
| colspan=3|
|- bgcolor="gold"
| rowspan=3 bgcolor="beige" valign="Top"|2015<ref name=y2015>[http://db.worldbridge.org/Repository/tourn/Chennai.15/microSite/results.htm], 2015. WBF. Retrieved 2023-09-08.</ref><ref>[[#42nd|42nd World Teams]].</ref>
September 26 - October 10<!--meet-->
<br>
<br>[[Chennai]], India &nbsp;
<br>
<br>22 teams
||1.|| {{flagicon|USA}} '''USA 1'''<br><small>[[Bob Hamman]], [[Mark Lair]], [[Hemant Lall]], [[Zia Mahmood]], [[Reese Milner]], [[Michael Rosenberg]], [[Petra Hamman]] (npc), [[Jacek Pszczola]] (coach)</small>
|- bgcolor="silver"
|2.|| {{flagicon|SWE}} '''Sweden'''<br><small>Sven-Ake Bjerregard, Per Gunnar Eliasson, Anders Morath, Johnny Ostberg, Goran Sellden, Bjorn Wenneberg, Tommy Gullberg (npc), Carina Wademark (coach)</small>
|- bgcolor="cc9966"
|3.|| {{flagicon|POL}} '''Poland'''<br><small>Julian Klukowski, Apolinary Kowalski, Krzysztof Lasocki, Victor Markowicz, Jacek Romanski, Jerzy Russyan, Wlodzimierz Wala (npc), Andrzej Biernacki (coach)</small>
|-
| colspan=3|
|- bgcolor="gold"
| rowspan=3 bgcolor="beige" valign="Top"|2017<ref name=y2017>[http://championships.worldbridge.org/lyonwt17], 2017. WBF. Retrieved 2023-09-08.</ref><ref>[[#43rd|43rd World Teams]].</ref>
August 12-26<!--meet-->
<br>
<br> [[Lyon]], France&nbsp;
<br>
<br>22 teams
||1.|| {{flagicon|USA}} '''USA 2'''<br><small>Michael Becker, [[David Berkowitz]], [[Allan Graves]], Neil Silverman, [[Alan Sontag]], Jeff Wolfson, [[Steve Garner]] (npc)</small>
|- bgcolor="silver"
|2.|| {{flagicon|ITA}} '''Italy'''<br><small>Andrea Buratti, Amedeo Comella, Giuseppe Failla, Aldo Mina, Ruggero Pulga, Stefano Sabbatini, Pierfrancesco Parolaro (npc)</small>
|- bgcolor="cc9966"
|3.|| {{flagicon|SWE}} '''Sweden'''<br><small>Mats Axdorph, Christer Bjaring, Sven-Ake Bjerregard, Bengt-Erik Efraimsson, Anders Morath, Johnny Ostberg, Tommy Gullberg (npc), Carina Wademark (coach)</small>
|-
| colspan=3|
|- bgcolor="gold"
| rowspan=3 bgcolor="beige" valign="Top"|2019<ref name=y2019>[http://championships.worldbridge.org/wuhanwt19], 2019. WBF. Retrieved 2023-09-07.</ref><ref>[[#44th|44th World Teams]].</ref>
September 14-28<!--meet-->
<br>
<br> [[Wuhan]], China&nbsp;
<br>
<br>24 teams
||1.|| {{flagicon|DEN}} '''Denmark''' <br><small>Knud Aaage Boesgaard, Soren Christiansen, Henrik Norman Hansen, Jorgen Cilleborg Hansen, Hans Christian Nielsen, Steen Schou, Bo Loenberg Bilde (npc), Jan Nielsen (coach)</small>
|- bgcolor="silver"
|2.|| {{flagicon|ENG}} '''England''' <br><small>John Holland, David Kendrick, Alan Mould, David Muller, Malcolm Pryor, Trevor Ward, David S Jones (npc)</small>
|- bgcolor="cc9966"
|3.|| {{flagicon|IND}} '''India''' <br><small>Sukamal Das, Subhash Dhakras, Dipak Poddar, Subrata Sabha, Jitendra Solani, Ramamurthy Sridharan, Vinay Desai (npc), Anal Shah (coach)</small>
|-
| colspan=3|
|- bgcolor="gold"
| rowspan=4 bgcolor="beige" valign="Top"|2022<ref name=y2022>[http://championships.worldbridge.org/the-45th-world-2021-bridge-team-championships], 2022. WBF. Retrieved 2023-09-07.</ref><ref>[[#45th|45th World Teams]].</ref>
March 27 - April 9<!--meet-->
<br>
<br> [[Salsomaggiore Terme]], Italy&nbsp;
<br>
<br>24 teams
||1.|| {{flagicon|POL}} '''Poland''' <br><small>Apolinary Kowalski, Michal Kwiecien, Victor Markowicz, Krzysztof Moszczynski, Jacek Romanski, Wlodzimierz Starkowski, Wlodzimierz Wala (npc)</small>
|- bgcolor="silver"
|2.|| {{flagicon|IND}} '''India''' <br><small>Rajesh Dalal, Sukamal Das, Ashok Kumar Goel, Anil Padhye, Krishnan Ramaratnam, Subrata Sabha</small>
|- bgcolor="cc9966"
| rowspan=2 |3.|| {{flagicon|DEN}} '''Denmark''' <br><small>Klaus Adamsen, Jorgen Cilleborg Hansen, Dennis Koch-Palmund, Dorthe Schaltz, Peter Schaltz, Steen Schou, Peter Magnussen (npc), Bo Loenberg Bilde (coach)</small>
|- bgcolor="cc9966"
|| {{flagicon|FRA}} '''France''' <br><small>Michel Abecassis, Marc Bompis, Alain Levy, Philippe Marill, Dominique Pilon, Philippe Soulet, Guy Lasserre (npc), Solange d'Elbee (coach)</small>
|-
| colspan=3|
|- bgcolor="gold"
| rowspan=3 bgcolor="beige" valign="Top"|2023<ref name=y2023>[http://championships.worldbridge.org/marrakech2023], 2023. WBF. Retrieved 2023-09-07.</ref><ref>[[#46th|46th World Teams]].</ref>
August 20 - September 2<!--meet-->
<br>
<br> [[Marrakech]], Morocco&nbsp;
<br>
<br>24 teams
||1.|| {{flagicon|DEN}} '''Denmark''' <br><small>Klaus Adamsen, Jorgen Cilleborg Hansen, Dennis Koch-Palmund, Dorthe Schaltz, Peter Schaltz, Steen Schou, Peter Magnussen (npc), Morten Bilde (coach)</small>
|- bgcolor="silver"
|2.|| {{flagicon|POL}} '''Poland''' <br><small>Piotr Bizon, Marek Blat, Michal Kwiecien, Victor Markowicz, Krzysztof Moszczynski, Wlodzimierz Starkowski, [[Jacek Pszczola]] (npc), Miroslaw Cichocki (coach)</small>
|- bgcolor="cc9966"
|3.|| {{flagicon|USA}} '''USA 1''' <br><small>[[Drew Casen]], Andy Goodman, Venkatrao Koneru, [[Jim Krekorian]], [[Mike Passell]], [[Pratap Rajadhyaksha]], Alex Kolesnik (npc)</small>
|-
|}


==Zones and nations==
==Zones and nations==
There are eight geographic zones and eight associated zonal bridge federations, all permitted to enter at least one team in the Bermuda Bowl since 199? (Africa). The members of zonal bridge federations are national federations (NBOs) where "nations" are defined by NBO admission to membership in a WBF zonal federation and thus in the WBF. Wales, China Hong Kong, and French Polynesia are bridge nations in Europe, Pacific Asia, and South Pacific, for current examples.<ref name=zones>
There are eight geographic zones and eight associated zonal bridge federations, all permitted to enter at least one team in the Bermuda Bowl since 199? (Africa). The members of zonal bridge federations are national federations (NBOs) where "nations" are defined by NBO admission to membership in a WBF zonal federation and thus in the WBF. Wales, China Hong Kong, and French Polynesia are bridge nations in Europe, Pacific Asia, and South Pacific, for current examples.<ref name=zones>
[http://www.worldbridge.org/zones/ Geographical Zones]. WBF. Retrieved 2011. For a table of zonal organization (zone) members, select a zone name.
[http://www.worldbridge.org/zones/ Geographical Zones] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090721022459/http://www.worldbridge.org/zones/ |date=2009-07-21 }}. WBF. Retrieved 2011. For a table of zonal organization (zone) members, select a zone name.
</ref>
</ref>
Zonal membership defines nominal geography: bridge Europe includes Lebanon and Israel,<ref name=zones/>
Zonal membership defines nominal geography: bridge Europe includes Lebanon and Israel,<ref name=zones/>
Line 246: Line 329:


===Exceptions===
===Exceptions===
:*North America, formerly represented by North America teams that were sometimes transnational in composition
:*North America, formerly represented by North America teams that were sometimes transnational in composition.
:Central America & Caribbean, formerly represented by transnational teams such as Guadeloupe/Martinique.
:*Central America & Caribbean, formerly represented by transnational teams such as Guadeloupe/Martinique.
:Before the Senior Bowl grew to match the size of the Open and Women fields, 22 teams, there were transnational entries from Egypt and South Africa in 2001, Argentina and Brazil in 2003.<ref name=y2001/><ref name=y2003/>
:Before the Senior Bowl grew to match the size of the Open and Women fields, 22 teams, there were transnational entries from Egypt and South Africa in 2001, Argentina and Brazil in 2003.<ref name=y2001/><ref name=y2003/>

==Medals (2001-2023)==
{{Medals table
| caption =
| flag_template =
| event =
| team =
| gold_USA = 7 | silver_USA = 1 | bronze_USA = 3
| gold_ITA = 0 | silver_ITA = 1 | bronze_ITA = 0
| gold_FRA = 1 | silver_FRA = 1 | bronze_FRA = 3
| gold_POL = 1 | silver_POL = 4 | bronze_POL = 2
| gold_ENG = 1 | silver_ENG = 1 | bronze_ENG = 0
| gold_SWE = 0 | silver_SWE = 1 | bronze_SWE = 1
| gold_DEN = 2 | silver_DEN = 0 | bronze_DEN = 2
| gold_IND = 0 | silver_IND = 1 | bronze_IND = 1
| gold_INA = 0 | silver_INA = 2 | bronze_INA = 1
}}


==See also==
==See also==
*[[World Team Olympiad]]
* [[World Team Olympiad]]
* [[2021 World Bridge Team Championships]]


==Notes==
==Notes==
Line 260: Line 361:
;Citations
;Citations
{{refbegin}}
{{refbegin}}
*<span class=citation id=orbis>[http://www.worldbridge.org/tourn/Bermuda.00/default.htm Orbis World Bridge Championships] contemporary coverage. 2000. WBF. Retrieved 2011-12-10.</span>
*{{wikicite |ref=orbis |reference=[https://web.archive.org/web/20120516034028/http://www.worldbridge.org/tourn/Bermuda.00/default.htm Orbis World Bridge Championships] contemporary coverage. 2000. WBF. Retrieved 2011-12-10.}}
*<span class=citation id=40th>[http://www.worldbridge.org/tourn/Veldhoven.11/Veldhoven.htm 40th World Team Championships] contemporary coverage. 2011. WBF. Retrieved 2011-12-10.</span>
*{{wikicite |ref=40th |reference=[https://web.archive.org/web/20110519094011/http://www.worldbridge.org/tourn/Veldhoven.11/Veldhoven.htm 40th World Team Championships] contemporary coverage. 2011. WBF. Retrieved 2011-12-10.}}
{{refend}}
{{refend}}


==External links==
==External links==
*[http://www.worldbridge.org/categories/seniors/default.asp Senior Bridge] program overview at the [[World Bridge Federation]]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20110810165326/http://www.worldbridge.org/categories/seniors/default.asp Senior Bridge] program overview at the [[World Bridge Federation]]
*[http://www.worldbridge.org/competitions/worldchampionships/default.asp World Championships] program overview at the World Bridge Federation
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20111121154520/http://www.worldbridge.org/competitions/worldchampionships/default.asp World Championships] program overview at the World Bridge Federation


{{WPCBIndex}}
{{WPCBIndex}}


[[Category:Bridge world competitions]]
[[Category:Contract bridge world competitions]]

Latest revision as of 09:25, 28 January 2024

The d'Orsi Senior Bowl, or Senior Bowl or d'Orsi Bowl, is a biennial world championship contract bridge tournament for national teams of "Seniors", players age 60 and older.[a] It is contested every odd-number year under the auspices of the World Bridge Federation (WBF), alongside the Bermuda Bowl (Open), Venice Cup (Women) and Wuhan Cup (Mixed). Entries formally represent WBF Zones as well as nations so it is also known as the "World Zonal Senior Team Championship", one of three "World Zonal Team Championships".[1][2] It became an official world championship event in 2001 following a successful exhibition in 2000.

The d'Orsi Senior Bowl is also the trophy awarded to the winning team. It was donated at the 2009 tournament in Brazil by former WBF President Ernesto d'Orsi,[b] and the tournament was renamed at that time.[3]

The most recent event took place in 2023 in Marrakech, Morocco.[4]

Structure

[edit]

The zonal quotas and structures are now identical for the Open, Women, and Seniors flights of Zonal Teams, and the three tournaments are concurrent. There are 22 teams —1 from the host country, 6 from Europe, and so on— each four to six players and a captain who may be one of the players.[c] They compete as teams-of-four with scoring by International Match Points (IMP).

For one week everyone plays round-robin matches of 16 deals, three daily matches (21 in all) with IMP margins converted to Victory Points (VP). Teams who draw get 15 points each, up to 25 for the winner and down to 0 for the loser.

The eight round-robin leaders continue in long knockout matches, 96 deals in two days (except 128 in three days for the Open final), with carryover as much as 16 IMP from the short matches between the same teams. The World Transnational Open Teams Championship begins after most teams are eliminated from the three major events; players on all but the four semifinalist teams in each flight are welcome to enter the Transnational.

2000 exhibition

[edit]

For the 50th anniversary of the Bermuda Bowl in January 2000, the World Teams returned to Bermuda for Bermuda Bowl and Venice Cup tournaments completing the 1998–1999 cycle. A short exhibition for Seniors was added to the program, as was the (third) World Computer Bridge Championships.[5][d]

Six invited teams contested the exhibition for Seniors: four national teams, one from North America, and "World Champions" comprising one pair each from Austria, Bulgaria, and Israel.[6] The two Austrians and two Israelis had played on both winners of the (transnational) World Senior Teams Championship, 1994 and 1998, with one of the two Bulgarians as a teammate in 1998.

The six played a double round-robin, ten matches of 20 deals, during the first five days of the main events, followed by two days of playoff matches. Thus all participants were able to enter the Transnational Open Teams contested during the second week of the main events.[7]

Poland defeated France in the 60-deal final by 229 to 73 IMP. France scored slightly better in the first of three sessions but the second and third were routs by Poland.[8]

Year, Site, Entries Medalists
2000[6][7] (exhibition)


January 8–14

Southampton, Bermuda  

6 teams

1.  Poland Poland
Aleksander Jezioro, Julian Klukowski, Janusz Nowak, Stefan Szenberg, Andrzej Wilkosz  
2. France France
Pierre Adad, Maurice Aujaleu, Claude Delmouly, Jean-Marc Roudinesco
3. China China
Gu XUEHAI, Li Jin, Lu YULIN, Tang HOUZU, Lu ZHENTING

Standings in the round-robin stage were identical to the final standings. Only Poland and France scored better than average (150 Victory Points, equivalent to ten ties) followed by China, North America, World Champions, and Australia.

In two one-day semifinals Poland beat North America 190–74 and France beat China 145–83,[9] while World Champions won a fifth-place match against Australia 130–53.[10] On the final day Poland beat France in 60 deals and China won third place in 40 deals against North America, 133 to 80.[11]

Official world championship flights for Seniors were added to both the quadrennial World Team Olympiad beginning 2000 (ten months later) and to the biennial World Team Championships beginning 2001 (twenty months later).

Results

[edit]

The first Senior Bowl trophy debuted in 2001[citation needed] and the eponymous tournament for senior teams joined the official "World Team Championships" program beside the Bermuda Bowl and Venice Cup for open and women teams.[12] From eight teams in 2001 the field quickly expanded to match the other flights in size with 22 teams each by 2005.

United States teams won the first four Senior Bowls while the other United States team twice finished third. Three Americans in different combinations won three apiece: Roger Bates, Grant Baze, and Garey Hayden. Indonesia has won three medals and European teams have won eight, with England and France winning the last two Bowls.

Year, Site, Entries Medalists
2001[13][14]

Oct 21–Nov 3

Paris, France

8 teams

1. United States USA 2[e]
Grant Baze, Gene Freed, Garey Hayden, Joe Kivel, Chris Larsen, John Onstott
2. Poland Poland
Wit Klapper, Jerzy Russyan, Stefan Szenberg, Włodzimierz Wala, Andrzej Wilkosz
3. France France
Pierre Adad, Maurice Aujaleu, Claude Delmouly, François Leenhardt, Christian Mari, Marc Schneider
2003[15][16]

November 2–15

Monte Carlo, Monaco

15 teams

1. United States USA 1[e]
Roger Bates, Grant Baze, Garey Hayden, Gaylor Kasle, Steve Robinson, Kit Woolsey
2. France France
Pierre Adad, Maurice Aujaleu, Guy Lasserre, François Leenhardt, Christian Mari, Philippe Poizat
3. United States USA 2[e]
Dennis Dawson, Arnold Fisher, Zeke Jabbour, Clement Jackson, John Mohan, John Sutherlin
2005[17][18]

Oct 22–Nov 5

Estoril, Portugal

22 teams

1. United States USA 1[e]
Roger Bates, Garey Hayden, Rose Meltzer, Alan Sontag, Lew Stansby, Peter Weichsel
2. Indonesia Indonesia
Arwin Budirahardja, Henky Lasut, Eddy Manoppo, Denny Sacul, Munawar Sawiruddin, Amiruddin Yusuf
3. Denmark Denmark
Jens Auken, Flemming Dahl, Peter Lund, Kirsten Steen Møller, Steen Møller, Georg Norris
2007[19][20]

Sep 29–Oct 13

Shanghai, China

22 teams

1. United States USA 2[e]
Roger Bates, Grant Baze, Bart Bramley, Rose Meltzer, Alan Sontag, Lew Stansby
2. Indonesia Indonesia
Henky Lasut, Anindara Lubis, Eddy Manoppo, Denny Sacul, Munawar Sawiruddin, Ferdinand Robert Waluyan
3. United States USA 1[e]
Dan Gerstman, Gaylor Kasle, Dan Morse, Ron Smith, John Sutherlin, Bobby Wolff
2009[21][22]

Aug 29–Sep 12

São Paulo, Brazil

22 teams

1. England England
Paul D Hackett, Gunnar Hallberg, Ross Harper, John Holland, David Price, Colin Simpson
2. Poland Poland
Julian Klukowski, Apolinary Kowalski, Krzysztof Lasocki, Victor Markowicz, Jacek Romanski, Jerzy Russyan
3. Indonesia Indonesia
Arianto Karna Djajanegara, Michael Bambang Hartono, Henky Lasut, Eddy Manoppo, Denny Sacul, Munawar Sawiruddin  
2011[23][24]

October 15–29

Veldhoven, Netherlands  

22 teams

1. France France
Patrick Grenthe, Guy Lasserre, François Leenhardt, Patrice Piganeau, Philippe Poizat, Philippe Vanhoutte
2. United States USA 2[e]
Peter Boyd, Neil Chambers, Gaylor Kasle, Larry Kozlove, Steve Robinson, John Schermer
3. Poland Poland
Julian Klukowski, Apolinary Kowalski, Krzysztof Lasocki, Victor Markowicz, Jacek Romanski, Jerzy Russyan

France won the 2011 d'Orsi Bowl by 165 to 160 IMP in a two-day final match against USA 2,[25] the second of two qualifiers from the United States.[e]

USA 2
6+		 8 11 20
45+		 79 17 19 160+
France  0
 		 45 21 23 89
 		 13 30 33 165

The Americans started with 6.33 IMP carryover from the 16-deal round-robin match, meaning France must score at least 7 IMP better on the 96 deals of the final. France yielded almost nothing during the first three segments, to lead overnight by 89 to 45+ including carryover. The Americans posted a huge fourth set, 79 IMP on 16 deals to regain the lead, but France again yielded almost nothing in the last two segments, and only 75 IMP on 80 deals in the five good segments.

The final lead change occurred on the 87th deal (#23) where France played 5♦ and made it while USA played at a 4♦ opening bid. France never led by so much as 11 IMP, which is attainable at once, and the final margin less than 5 IMP commonly scored at once. So the outcome "went to the end", even for spectators (who know the score, as players don't).[f][26]

There were 22 national teams in the field, who represented the eight WBF zones as follows.[27] The regular quota for Europe is six teams, seven at Veldhoven because the host country qualifies automatically.[28]

Europe: Poland, Denmark, Italy, France, Germany, Bulgaria, Netherlands —ranks 1 to 6 and 12 in the European championship[29]
North America: Canada, USA 1, USA 2[e]
South America: Argentina, Brazil
Asia & Middle East: India, Pakistan
C. America & Carib.: Guadeloupe
Pacific Asia: China Hong Kong, Indonesia, Japan
South Pacific: Australia, New Zealand
Africa: Egypt, Reunion

The first stage was a full round-robin scheduled in advance.[g] Every team played 21 short matches of 16(?) deals at three per day.

2013[30][31]

October 16–29

Nusa Dua, Bali  

22 teams

1. United States USA 2
Roger Bates, Garey Hayden, Marc Jacobus, Carolyn Lynch, Mike Passell, Eddie Wold
2. Poland Poland[e]
Julian Klukowski, Apolinary Kowalski, Krzysztof Lasocki, Victor Markowicz, Jacek Romanski, Jerzy Russyan
3. France France
Patrick Grenthe, Guy Lasserre, Francois Leenhardt, Alain Levy, Philippe Poizat, Philippe Vanhoutte

There was a cheating scandal at the 2013 event. The original winners, Germany, were disqualified, and the WBF moved USA 2 to first place, Poland to second and France to third.

The 2015 championship, held in Chennai, India, was won by USA1 ahead of Sweden, with Poland third ahead of USA2.[32]

2015[33][34]

September 26 - October 10

Chennai, India  

22 teams

1. United States USA 1
Bob Hamman, Mark Lair, Hemant Lall, Zia Mahmood, Reese Milner, Michael Rosenberg, Petra Hamman (npc), Jacek Pszczola (coach)
2. Sweden Sweden
Sven-Ake Bjerregard, Per Gunnar Eliasson, Anders Morath, Johnny Ostberg, Goran Sellden, Bjorn Wenneberg, Tommy Gullberg (npc), Carina Wademark (coach)
3. Poland Poland
Julian Klukowski, Apolinary Kowalski, Krzysztof Lasocki, Victor Markowicz, Jacek Romanski, Jerzy Russyan, Wlodzimierz Wala (npc), Andrzej Biernacki (coach)
2017[35][36]

August 12-26

Lyon, France 

22 teams

1. United States USA 2
Michael Becker, David Berkowitz, Allan Graves, Neil Silverman, Alan Sontag, Jeff Wolfson, Steve Garner (npc)
2. Italy Italy
Andrea Buratti, Amedeo Comella, Giuseppe Failla, Aldo Mina, Ruggero Pulga, Stefano Sabbatini, Pierfrancesco Parolaro (npc)
3. Sweden Sweden
Mats Axdorph, Christer Bjaring, Sven-Ake Bjerregard, Bengt-Erik Efraimsson, Anders Morath, Johnny Ostberg, Tommy Gullberg (npc), Carina Wademark (coach)
2019[37][38]

September 14-28

Wuhan, China 

24 teams

1. Denmark Denmark
Knud Aaage Boesgaard, Soren Christiansen, Henrik Norman Hansen, Jorgen Cilleborg Hansen, Hans Christian Nielsen, Steen Schou, Bo Loenberg Bilde (npc), Jan Nielsen (coach)
2. England England
John Holland, David Kendrick, Alan Mould, David Muller, Malcolm Pryor, Trevor Ward, David S Jones (npc)
3. India India
Sukamal Das, Subhash Dhakras, Dipak Poddar, Subrata Sabha, Jitendra Solani, Ramamurthy Sridharan, Vinay Desai (npc), Anal Shah (coach)
2022[39][40]

March 27 - April 9

Salsomaggiore Terme, Italy 

24 teams

1. Poland Poland
Apolinary Kowalski, Michal Kwiecien, Victor Markowicz, Krzysztof Moszczynski, Jacek Romanski, Wlodzimierz Starkowski, Wlodzimierz Wala (npc)
2. India India
Rajesh Dalal, Sukamal Das, Ashok Kumar Goel, Anil Padhye, Krishnan Ramaratnam, Subrata Sabha
3. Denmark Denmark
Klaus Adamsen, Jorgen Cilleborg Hansen, Dennis Koch-Palmund, Dorthe Schaltz, Peter Schaltz, Steen Schou, Peter Magnussen (npc), Bo Loenberg Bilde (coach)
France France
Michel Abecassis, Marc Bompis, Alain Levy, Philippe Marill, Dominique Pilon, Philippe Soulet, Guy Lasserre (npc), Solange d'Elbee (coach)
2023[41][42]

August 20 - September 2

Marrakech, Morocco 

24 teams

1. Denmark Denmark
Klaus Adamsen, Jorgen Cilleborg Hansen, Dennis Koch-Palmund, Dorthe Schaltz, Peter Schaltz, Steen Schou, Peter Magnussen (npc), Morten Bilde (coach)
2. Poland Poland
Piotr Bizon, Marek Blat, Michal Kwiecien, Victor Markowicz, Krzysztof Moszczynski, Wlodzimierz Starkowski, Jacek Pszczola (npc), Miroslaw Cichocki (coach)
3. United States USA 1
Drew Casen, Andy Goodman, Venkatrao Koneru, Jim Krekorian, Mike Passell, Pratap Rajadhyaksha, Alex Kolesnik (npc)

Zones and nations

[edit]

There are eight geographic zones and eight associated zonal bridge federations, all permitted to enter at least one team in the Bermuda Bowl since 199? (Africa). The members of zonal bridge federations are national federations (NBOs) where "nations" are defined by NBO admission to membership in a WBF zonal federation and thus in the WBF. Wales, China Hong Kong, and French Polynesia are bridge nations in Europe, Pacific Asia, and South Pacific, for current examples.[43] Zonal membership defines nominal geography: bridge Europe includes Lebanon and Israel,[43] and previously included Egypt. Venezuela has represented South America (twice, 1966 and 1967) and Central American and the Caribbean (five or six of seven times, 1985 to 1997).[when?]Zones may be represented only by teams that comprise players from one nation,[28] or national teams in one sense. Further, there may be only one entry from one nation, except that North America is permitted two from the United States in its quota of three.[28] Some zones select representatives by international tournaments which permit only one team from any bridge nation; that is, by competition among national teams in a second sense. The European Team Championships are the oldest and largest example, where ranks 1 to 6 subsequently represent Europe in the World Teams. North America does routinely pass on the nominations of two United States teams (selected by the USBF) and selects its third by a two-team "tournament" if Canada and Mexico both choose to enter a national team.[citation needed]

Exceptions

[edit]
  • North America, formerly represented by North America teams that were sometimes transnational in composition.
  • Central America & Caribbean, formerly represented by transnational teams such as Guadeloupe/Martinique.
Before the Senior Bowl grew to match the size of the Open and Women fields, 22 teams, there were transnational entries from Egypt and South Africa in 2001, Argentina and Brazil in 2003.[13][15]

Medals (2001-2023)

[edit]
RankNationGoldSilverBronzeTotal
1 United States (USA)71311
2 Denmark (DEN)2024
3 Poland (POL)1427
4 France (FRA)1135
5 England (ENG)1102
6 Indonesia (INA)0213
7 India (IND)0112
 Sweden (SWE)0112
9 Italy (ITA)0101
Totals (9 entries)12121337

See also

[edit]

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^ Seniors in world bridge are people who turn age 60 or greater during the calendar year: for 2011, people born 1951 or earlier. Through 2005 the minimum age was 55. It was increased to age 60 by holding the defining year at 1950 for six years; thus all Seniors remained eligible during the transition. Senior Bridge Archived 2011-08-10 at the Wayback Machine. WBF. Retrieved 2011-12-04.
  2. ^ At the time, the Brazilian d'Orsi had been Chairman of both the WBF Competition & Tournament Committee and its Rules & Regulations Committee since 1995; Chairman of the WBF Master Points Committee since 2002; and President of CSB (Zone 3, South America) since 2008.
    • "International record for Ernesto D'ORSI". World Bridge Federation.. Retrieved 2011-12-08.
  3. ^ There may be others in the party, including some listed in the WBF database, such as a coach (for example, "International record for Eric Kokish". World Bridge Federation.). They are not official team members.
  4. ^ The first and second computer bridge championships were conducted at the 1997 and 1998 Summer North American Bridge Championships. 2000 World Teams, Event: World Computer Bridge Championships.
  5. ^ a b c d e f g h i j Annual rankings published by the WBF show double representation for the US in all Senior Bowl tournaments. Select "Venue" links at "World Team Championships to Date" Archived 2006-06-15 at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved 2011-08-17.
  6. ^ Players at the table know the score precisely only at the beginning of a segment, when lineups may be changed too. Neither communication with active players nor their replacement is permitted during a segment and inactive players are likely to be among the spectators at the end of a close match.
  7. ^ Schedule of Play / d'Orsi Seniors Bowl. 2011. WBF.
    Given the single round-robin structure, the particular schedule should make little difference to the outcome of the first stage.

References

[edit]
  1. ^ World Championships Archived 2011-11-21 at the Wayback Machine. World Bridge Federation (WBF). Retrieved 2011-12-04.
  2. ^ 40th World Teams, Information.
  3. ^ 40th World Teams, top page.
  4. ^ [1]. 46th World Bridge Team Championships, WBF. Retrieved 2023-09-07.
  5. ^ 2000 World Teams, Event.
  6. ^ a b 2000 World Teams, Event: Senior Teams.
  7. ^ a b 2000 World Teams, Results (linked schedule).
  8. ^ 2000 World Teams, Results: Seniors final.
  9. ^ 2000 World Teams, Results: Seniors semifinals.
  10. ^ 2000 World Teams, Results: Seniors playoff for 5th/6th.
  11. ^ 2000 World Teams, Results: Seniors playoff for 3rd/4th.
  12. ^ World Team Championships Archived 2006-06-15 at the Wayback Machine (To Date table). WBF.
  13. ^ a b 35th World Team Championships: Results & Participants, 2001. WBF.
  14. ^ World Bridge Championships Archived 2012-05-16 at the Wayback Machine contemporary coverage, 2001. WBF.
  15. ^ a b 36th World Team Championships: Results & Participants, 2003. WBF.
  16. ^ World Bridge Championships Archived 2011-12-02 at the Wayback Machine contemporary coverage, 2003. WBF.
  17. ^ 37th World Team Championships: Results & Participants, 2005. WBF.
  18. ^ World Team Championships Archived 2011-12-02 at the Wayback Machine contemporary coverage, 2005. WBF.
  19. ^ 38th World Team Championships: Results & Participants, 2007. WBF.
  20. ^ 38th World Team Championships Archived 2011-12-02 at the Wayback Machine contemporary coverage, 2007. WBF.
  21. ^ 39th World Team Championships: Results & Participants, 2009. WBF.
  22. ^ 39th World Team Championships Archived 2011-12-21 at the Wayback Machine contemporary coverage, 2009. WBF.
  23. ^ 40th World Team Championships: Results & Participants, 2011. WBF. Retrieved 2011-12-01.
  24. ^ 40th World Teams.
  25. ^ 6th d'Orsi Senior Bowl Knockout: Final, 2011. WBF.
  26. ^ 2011 final segment scorecard, 40th World Teams.
  27. ^ 40th World Teams, Participants.
  28. ^ a b c "Participation in the Bermuda Bowl, Venice Cup & D'Orsi Senior Bowl" (May 2011), General Conditions of Contest for all World Championships ..., Appendix 7. WBF. Retrieved 2011-12-12.
  29. ^ Results & Participants, 50th European Team Championships, 2010. European Bridge League.
  30. ^ 41st World Team Championships: Results & Participants, 2013. WBF. Retrieved 2014-114-18.
  31. ^ 41st World Teams.
  32. ^ 42nd World Team Championships results, www.worldbridge.org
  33. ^ [2], 2015. WBF. Retrieved 2023-09-08.
  34. ^ 42nd World Teams.
  35. ^ [3], 2017. WBF. Retrieved 2023-09-08.
  36. ^ 43rd World Teams.
  37. ^ [4], 2019. WBF. Retrieved 2023-09-07.
  38. ^ 44th World Teams.
  39. ^ [5], 2022. WBF. Retrieved 2023-09-07.
  40. ^ 45th World Teams.
  41. ^ [6], 2023. WBF. Retrieved 2023-09-07.
  42. ^ 46th World Teams.
  43. ^ a b Geographical Zones Archived 2009-07-21 at the Wayback Machine. WBF. Retrieved 2011. For a table of zonal organization (zone) members, select a zone name.
Citations
[edit]
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