Jump to content

Sublime Porte: Difference between revisions

Coordinates: 41°0′40″N 28°58′41″E / 41.01111°N 28.97806°E / 41.01111; 28.97806
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Browse history interactively
← Previous editNext edit →
Content deleted Content added
VisualWikitext
Remove superfluous bracket
(27 intermediate revisions by 27 users not shown)
Line 1: Line 1:
{{Short description|Synecdoche for the central government of the Ottoman Empire}}
[[Image:Imperial Gate Topkapi Istanbul 2007 002.jpg|thumb|300px|The Imperial Gate (''Bâb-ı Hümâyûn''), leading to the outermost courtyard of [[Topkapi Palace]], was known as the Sublime Porte until the 18th century.]]
{{More citations needed|date=July 2023}}[[Image:Imperial Gate Topkapi Istanbul 2007 002.jpg|thumb|300px|The Imperial Gate (''Bâb-ı Hümâyûn''), leading to the outermost courtyard of [[Topkapi Palace]], was known as the Sublime Porte until the 18th century.]]
[[Image:DSC04009 Istanbul - La Sublime Porta - Foto G. Dall'Orto 25-5-2006.jpg|thumb|300px|The later Sublime Porte proper in 2006]]
[[Image:DSC04009 Istanbul - La Sublime Porta - Foto G. Dall'Orto 25-5-2006.jpg|thumb|300px|The later Sublime Porte proper in 2006]]
[[File:1913 Ottoman coup d'état.png|thumb|300px|Crowd gathering in front of the Porte's buildings shortly after hearing about the [[1913 Ottoman coup d'état]] (also known as the Raid on the Sublime Porte) inside.]]
[[File:1913 Ottoman coup d'état.png|thumb|300px|Crowd gathering in front of the Porte's buildings shortly after hearing about the [[1913 Ottoman coup d'état]] (also known as the Raid on the Sublime Porte) inside.]]


The '''Sublime Porte''', also known as the '''Ottoman Porte''' or '''High Porte''' ({{lang-ota|باب عالی|Bāb-ı Ālī}} or ''Babıali'', from {{lang-ar|باب|bāb|gate}} and {{lang|ar|عالي}}, {{transl|ar|alī}}, {{literal translation|lk=no|high}}), was a [[synecdoche]] for the [[central government]] of the [[Ottoman Empire]].
The '''Sublime Porte''', also known as the '''Ottoman Porte''' or '''High Porte''' ({{lang-ota|باب عالی|Bāb-ı Ālī}} or ''Babıali'', from {{lang-ar|باب|bāb|gate}} and {{lang|ar|عالي}}, {{transl|ar|alī}}, {{literal translation|lk=no|high}}), was a [[synecdoche]] or [[metaphor]] used to refer collectively to the [[central government]] of the [[Ottoman Empire]] in [[Istanbul]].


==History==
==History==
The name has its origins in the old practice in which the ruler announced his official decisions and judgements at the gate of his palace.<ref name=Porten>{{cite encyclopedia | encyclopedia = [[Nordisk familjebok]] | edition = Uggleupplagan | volume = Vol 21 (Papua–Posselt) | pages = 1418–1419 | title = Porten | publisher = Nordisk Familjeboks förslag aktiebolag | location = Stockholm | language = Swedish | year = 1915 | url = http://runeberg.org/nfca/0769.html}}</ref> This was the practice in the [[Byzantine Empire]] and it was also adopted by [[Ottoman Turks|Ottoman]] Turk sultans since [[Orhan I]], and therefore the palace of the sultan, or the gate leading to it, became known as the "High Gate". This name referred first to a palace in [[Bursa]], Turkey. After the Ottomans had conquered [[Constantinople]], now [[Istanbul]], the gate now known as the Imperial Gate ({{lang-tr|Bâb-ı Hümâyûn}}), leading to the outermost courtyard of the [[Topkapı Palace]], first became known as the "High Gate", or the "Sublime Porte".<ref name=Porten /><ref name=Mondo>{{cite book | first = Ayla | last = Albayrak | title = Istanbul | series = Mondo matkaopas | page = 81 | publisher = Image | year = 2009 | language = Finnish | ISBN = 978-952-5678-15-4}}</ref>
The name has its origins in the old practice in which the ruler announced his official decisions and judgements at the gate of his palace.<ref name=Porten>{{cite encyclopedia | encyclopedia = [[Nordisk familjebok]] | edition = Uggleupplagan | volume = 21 (Papua–Posselt) | pages = 1418–1419 | title = Porten | publisher = Nordisk Familjeboks förslag aktiebolag | location = Stockholm | language = Swedish | year = 1915 | url = https://runeberg.org/nfca/0769.html}}</ref> This was the practice in the [[Byzantine Empire]] and it was also adopted by [[Ottoman Turks|Ottoman]] Turk sultans since [[Orhan I]]. The palace of the sultan, or the gate leading to it, therefore became known as the "High Gate". This name referred first to a palace in [[Bursa]], Turkey. After the Ottomans had conquered [[Constantinople]], now [[Istanbul]], the gate now known as the Imperial Gate ({{lang-tr|Bâb-ı Hümâyûn}}), leading to the outermost courtyard of the [[Topkapı Palace]], first became known as the "High Gate", or the "Sublime Porte".<ref name=Porten /><ref name=Mondo>{{cite book | first = Ayla | last = Albayrak | title = Istanbul | series = Mondo matkaopas | page = 81 | publisher = Image | year = 2009 | language = Finnish | ISBN = 978-952-5678-15-4}}</ref>


When Sultan [[Suleiman the Magnificent]] sealed [[Franco-Ottoman alliance|an alliance]] with King [[Francis I of France]] in 1536, the French diplomats walked through the monumental gate then known as ''Bab-ı Ali'' (now ''Bâb-ı Hümâyûn'') in order to reach the Vizierate of Constantinople, seat of the Sultan's government.{{citation needed|date=July 2016}} French being the language of diplomacy, the French translation Sublime Porte (the adjective being unusually placed ahead of the word to emphasise its importance) was soon adopted in most other European languages, including English, to refer not only to the actual gate but as a metaphor for the Ottoman Empire.
When Sultan [[Suleiman the Magnificent]] sealed [[Franco-Ottoman alliance|an alliance]] with King [[Francis I of France]] in 1536, the French diplomats walked through the monumental gate then known as ''Bab-ı Ali'' (now ''Bâb-ı Hümâyûn'') in order to reach the Vizierate of Constantinople, seat of the Sultan's government.{{citation needed|date=July 2016}} French being the language of diplomacy, the French translation ''Sublime Porte'' was soon adopted in most other European languages, including English, to refer not only to the actual gate but as a metonymy for the Ottoman Empire.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Sublime Porte - [Sublime Porte, Istanbul] |url=https://gettysburg.contentdm.oclc.org/digital/collection/p15059coll1/id/13/ |access-date=2023-07-31 |website=Musselman Library Special Collection and College Archives |publisher=[[Gettysburg College]] |language=en}}</ref>{{Additional citation needed|date=July 2023}}


In the 18th century, a new great Italian-styled office building was built just west of Topkapi Palace area, on the other side of Alemdar Caddesi street. This became the location of the [[Grand Vizier of the Ottoman Empire|Grand Vizier]] and many ministries. Thereafter, this building, and the monumental gate leading to its courtyards, became known as the Sublime Porte (''Bab-ı Ali'');<ref name=Eyewitness>{{cite book | first = Rosie | last = Aysliffe | title = Istanbul | series = DK Eyewitness Travel | page = 63 | publisher = Dorling Kindersley | location = Lontoo | year = 2014 | isbn = 978-1-4093-2925-1}}</ref> colloquially it was also known as the Gate of the [[Pasha]] (''paşa kapusu'').<ref name=Porten /><ref name=TSK>{{cite encyclopedia | encyclopedia = [[Tietosanakirja]] | volume = Vol. 4 (Kaivo–Kulttuurikieli) | title = Konstantinopoli | pages = 1295 | publisher = Otava | location = Helsinki | year = 1912 | language = Finnish | url = http://runeberg.org/tieto/4/0684.html}}</ref> The building was badly damaged by fire in 1911.<ref name=TSK /> Today, the buildings house [[Istanbul Governor's Office]].<ref name=Eyewitness />
In the 18th century, a new great Italian-styled office building was built just west of Topkapi Palace area, on the other side of Alemdar Caddesi (Alemdar street). This became the location of the [[Grand Vizier of the Ottoman Empire|Grand Vizier]] and many ministries. Thereafter, this building, and the monumental gate leading to its courtyards, became known as the Sublime Porte (''Bab-ı Ali'');<ref name=Eyewitness>{{cite book | first = Rosie | last = Aysliffe | title = Istanbul | series = DK Eyewitness Travel | page = 63 | publisher = Dorling Kindersley | location = Lontoo | year = 2014 | isbn = 978-1-4093-2925-1}}</ref> colloquially it was also known as the Gate of the [[Pasha]] (''paşa kapusu'').<ref name=Porten /><ref name=TSK>{{cite encyclopedia | encyclopedia = [[Tietosanakirja]] | volume = 4 (Kaivo–Kulttuurikieli) | title = Konstantinopoli | pages = 1295 | publisher = Otava | location = Helsinki | year = 1912 | language = Finnish | url = https://runeberg.org/tieto/4/0684.html}}</ref> The building was badly damaged by fire in 1911.<ref name=TSK /> Today, the buildings house the [[Istanbul Governor's Office]].<ref name=Eyewitness />


==Diplomacy==
==Diplomacy==
"Sublime Porte" was used in the context of [[diplomacy]] by [[Western civilization|Western]] states, as their diplomats were received at the ''porte'' (meaning "gate"). During the [[Second Constitutional Era (Ottoman Empire)|Second Constitutional Era]] of the Empire after 1908 (see [[Young Turk Revolution]]), the functions of the classical [[Divan-ı Hümayun]] were replaced by the reformed [[Imperial Government of the Ottoman Empire|Imperial Government]], and "porte" came to refer to the [[Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Ottoman Empire)|Foreign Ministry]]. During this period, the office of the [[Grand Vizier of the Ottoman Empire|Grand Vizier]] came to refer to the equivalent to that of a [[prime minister]], and viziers became members of the Grand Vizier's [[Cabinet (government)|cabinet]] as [[Minister (government)|government ministers]].{{citation needed|date=July 2016}}
"Sublime Porte" was used in the context of [[diplomacy]] by [[Western world|Western]] states, as their diplomats were received at the ''porte'' (meaning "gate"). During the [[Second Constitutional Era (Ottoman Empire)|Second Constitutional Era]] of the Empire after 1908 (see [[Young Turk Revolution]]), the functions of the classical [[Divan-ı Hümayun]] were replaced by the reformed [[Imperial Government of the Ottoman Empire|Imperial Government]], and "porte" came to refer to the [[Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Ottoman Empire)|Foreign Ministry]]. During this period, the office of the [[Grand Vizier of the Ottoman Empire|Grand Vizier]] came to refer to the equivalent to that of a [[prime minister]], and viziers became members of the Grand Vizier's [[Cabinet (government)|cabinet]] as [[Minister (government)|government ministers]].{{citation needed|date=July 2016}}


==See also==
==See also==
* [[Bab (disambiguation)]]
* [[Bab (disambiguation)]]
⚫
* The [[Court of St James's]], another synecdochic term, for the United Kingdom in diplomatic relations
* [[Raid on the Sublime Porte]]
* [[Raid on the Sublime Porte]]
⚫
* [[Court of St James's]], another synecdochic term, for the United Kingdom in diplomatic relations
* [[Kremlin]], synecdochic term for the Russian government


==References==
==References==
Line 31: Line 33:
[[Category:Gates]]
[[Category:Gates]]
[[Category:Government of the Ottoman Empire]]
[[Category:Government of the Ottoman Empire]]
[[Category:1910s fires in Europe]]
[[Category:1911 fires]]
[[Category:1911 fires]]
[[Category:Istanbul]]
[[Category:History of Istanbul]]

Revision as of 10:00, 11 January 2024

The Imperial Gate (Bâb-ı Hümâyûn), leading to the outermost courtyard of Topkapi Palace, was known as the Sublime Porte until the 18th century.
The later Sublime Porte proper in 2006
Crowd gathering in front of the Porte's buildings shortly after hearing about the 1913 Ottoman coup d'état (also known as the Raid on the Sublime Porte) inside.

The Sublime Porte, also known as the Ottoman Porte or High Porte (Ottoman Turkish: باب عالی, romanized: Bāb-ı Ālī or Babıali, from Arabic: باب, romanized: bāb, lit. 'gate' and عالي, alī, lit. 'high'), was a synecdoche or metaphor used to refer collectively to the central government of the Ottoman Empire in Istanbul.

History

The name has its origins in the old practice in which the ruler announced his official decisions and judgements at the gate of his palace.[1] This was the practice in the Byzantine Empire and it was also adopted by Ottoman Turk sultans since Orhan I. The palace of the sultan, or the gate leading to it, therefore became known as the "High Gate". This name referred first to a palace in Bursa, Turkey. After the Ottomans had conquered Constantinople, now Istanbul, the gate now known as the Imperial Gate (Turkish: Bâb-ı Hümâyûn), leading to the outermost courtyard of the Topkapı Palace, first became known as the "High Gate", or the "Sublime Porte".[1][2]

When Sultan Suleiman the Magnificent sealed an alliance with King Francis I of France in 1536, the French diplomats walked through the monumental gate then known as Bab-ı Ali (now Bâb-ı Hümâyûn) in order to reach the Vizierate of Constantinople, seat of the Sultan's government.[citation needed] French being the language of diplomacy, the French translation Sublime Porte was soon adopted in most other European languages, including English, to refer not only to the actual gate but as a metonymy for the Ottoman Empire.[3][additional citation(s) needed]

In the 18th century, a new great Italian-styled office building was built just west of Topkapi Palace area, on the other side of Alemdar Caddesi (Alemdar street). This became the location of the Grand Vizier and many ministries. Thereafter, this building, and the monumental gate leading to its courtyards, became known as the Sublime Porte (Bab-ı Ali);[4] colloquially it was also known as the Gate of the Pasha (paşa kapusu).[1][5] The building was badly damaged by fire in 1911.[5] Today, the buildings house the Istanbul Governor's Office.[4]

Diplomacy

"Sublime Porte" was used in the context of diplomacy by Western states, as their diplomats were received at the porte (meaning "gate"). During the Second Constitutional Era of the Empire after 1908 (see Young Turk Revolution), the functions of the classical Divan-ı Hümayun were replaced by the reformed Imperial Government, and "porte" came to refer to the Foreign Ministry. During this period, the office of the Grand Vizier came to refer to the equivalent to that of a prime minister, and viziers became members of the Grand Vizier's cabinet as government ministers.[citation needed]

See also

References

  1. ^ a b c "Porten". Nordisk familjebok (in Swedish). Vol. 21 (Papua–Posselt) (Uggleupplagan ed.). Stockholm: Nordisk Familjeboks förslag aktiebolag. 1915. pp. 1418–1419.
  2. ^ Albayrak, Ayla (2009). Istanbul. Mondo matkaopas (in Finnish). Image. p. 81. ISBN 978-952-5678-15-4.
  3. ^ "Sublime Porte - [Sublime Porte, Istanbul]". Musselman Library Special Collection and College Archives. Gettysburg College. Retrieved 2023-07-31.
  4. ^ a b Aysliffe, Rosie (2014). Istanbul. DK Eyewitness Travel. Lontoo: Dorling Kindersley. p. 63. ISBN 978-1-4093-2925-1.
  5. ^ a b "Konstantinopoli". Tietosanakirja (in Finnish). Vol. 4 (Kaivo–Kulttuurikieli). Helsinki: Otava. 1912. p. 1295.
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Sublime Porte.

41°0′40″N 28°58′41″E / 41.01111°N 28.97806°E / 41.01111; 28.97806

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sublime_Porte&oldid=1194905938"