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Adding local short description: "Prime source of civil law for Russia", overriding Wikidata description "prime source of civil law for the Russian Federation"
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{{Short description|Prime source of civil law for Russia}}
⚫
The '''Russian Civil Code''' ({{lang-ru|''Гражданский кодекс Российской Федерации''}}, frequently abbreviated ''ГК РФ'') is the prime source of [[civil code|civil law]] for the [[Russian Federation]]. The Russian Civil Law system descended from Roman Law through Byzantine tradition. It was heavily influenced by German and Dutch norms in the 1700-1800s. Socialist-style modifications took place during the Soviet period (1922-1991) and Continental European Law influences since the 1990s.
{{Infobox legislation
|short_title = Civil Code of Russia
|legislature = [[Parliament of Russia]]
|image = File:Coat of Arms of the Russian Federation.svg
|imagesize = 150px
|imagealt =
|caption =
|long_title =
|citation =
|territorial_extent = [[Russia]]
|enacted_by = [[Parliament of Russia]]
|date_enacted =
|date_passed =
|enacted_by2 =
|date_enacted2 =
|date_passed2 =
|date_assented =
|date_signed = 1994
|date_commenced = 1 January 1995
|date_of_expiry =
|status = in force
|signed_by=[[President of Russia]]
}}
⚫
The '''Civil Code of the Russian Federation''' ({{lang-ru|Гражданский кодекс Российской Федерации}}, frequently abbreviated 'ГК РФ') is the prime source of [[civil code|civil law]] for the [[Russian Federation]]. The Russian Civil Law system descended from [[Roman Law]] through [[Byzantine law|Byzantine]] tradition. It was heavily influenced by German and Dutch norms in the 18th and 19th centuries. Socialist-style modifications took place during the Soviet period (1922–1991) and Continental European Law influences since the 1990s.


The Civil Code of the Russian Federation came into force in four parts. The first part, which deals with general provisions (i.e. defines sources, names [[Juristic person|legal entity]], etc.) was enacted by the [[State Duma]] in 1994 and entered into force in 1995. The second part (dealing with [[Law of obligations]]) entered into force in 1996. The third part ([[inheritance|Succession law]]) entered into force in 2002. The document has certain basic principles: equality of all participants guaranteed by civil law; inviolability of private property, [[freedom of contract]], free exercise of civil rights, and juridical protection of [[civil rights]].
The Civil Code of the Russian Federation came into force in four parts. The first part, which deals with general provisions (i.e. defines sources, names [[Juristic person|legal entities]] etc.) was enacted by the [[State Duma]] in 1994 and entered into force in 1995. The second part (dealing with the [[Law of obligations]]) entered into force in 1996. The third part ([[inheritance|Succession law]]) entered into force in 2002. The document has certain basic principles: equality of all participants guaranteed by civil law, inviolability of private property, [[freedom of contract]], free exercise of civil rights and juridical protection of [[civil rights]].


[[Copyright law of the Russian Federation#Part IV of the Civil Code|The fourth part]], dealing with [[intellectual property]], was [[Signed into law#Approval|signed into law]] on December 18, 2006 and came into force on January 1, 2008. Part IV became the first in the world truly full [[codification (law)|codification]] of the legislation on [[intellectual property]].
[[Copyright law of the Russian Federation#Part IV of the Civil Code|The fourth part]], dealing with [[intellectual property]], was [[Signed into law#Approval|signed into law]] on December 18, 2006 and came into force on January 1, 2008. Part IV became the first truly complete [[codification (law)|codification]] of the legislation on [[intellectual property]] in the world.


==The structure of the Civil Code==
==The structure of the Civil Code==
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** Section VII: [[Intellectual property|The right to products of intellectual activity]] and [[trademark|means of individualization]]
** Section VII: [[Intellectual property|The right to products of intellectual activity]] and [[trademark|means of individualization]]


Unlike most European civil codes, the Russia's Civil Code does not cover [[family law]]. Instead, family law is dealt with in a [[Family Code of Russia|separate code]].
Unlike most European civil codes, Russia's Civil Code does not cover [[family law]]. Instead, family law is dealt with in a [[Family Code of Russia|separate code]].


==History==
==History==
Since its foundation as an independent successor state of the former Soviet Union, the Russian Federation had been engaged in a large legislative project of developing a new Civil Code. In July 1994, President [[Boris Yeltsin]] signed a decree authorizing the "Establishment and Development of Private Law in Russia" program.<ref>{{ru icon}} {{Citation |url=http://www.jurbase.ru/texts/sector162/tez62700.htm |title=Указ Президента РФ от 7 июля 1994 г. N 1473 "О программе "Становление и развитие частного права в России" }}</ref> The program called for a group of legal researchers, led by [[Sergei Alekseev]], to create a new civil code for the nation. Initially, Russian politicians on all sides of the political spectrum opposed the idea of a Civil Code.<ref name="alekseev interview">{{ru icon}} {{Citation |url=http://www.uran.ru/gazetanu/2003/06/nu13/wvmnu_p4_13_062003.htm |title=Через испытания — к истине Права |date=June 2003 |last=Fan |first=Irina |periodical=Nauka Urala |volume=13 |issue=841}}</ref> It took significant effort to get first part of the Code approved by the State Duma — while the [[Federation Council of Russia|Federation Council]] voted ''against'' the Code. However, the Federation Council took longer than allowed by the [[Constitution of Russia|Constitution]] to come to its decision. This allowed Yeltsin to sign the Code into law. In other words, as Sergei Alekseev put it, the Civil Code became law almost "by accident".<ref name="alekseev interview"/>
Since its foundation as an independent successor state of the former Soviet Union, the Russian Federation had been engaged in a large legislative project of developing a new Civil Code. In July 1994, President [[Boris Yeltsin]] signed a decree authorizing the "Establishment and Development of Private Law in Russia" program.<ref>{{Citation |url=http://www.jurbase.ru/texts/sector162/tez62700.htm |title=Указ Президента РФ от 7 июля 1994 г. N 1473 "О программе "Становление и развитие частного права в России" |language=ru |access-date=2008-03-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111003141111/http://www.jurbase.ru/texts/sector162/tez62700.htm |archive-date=2011-10-03 |url-status=dead }}</ref> The program called for a group of legal researchers, led by [[Sergei Alexeyev]], to create a new civil code for the nation. Initially, Russian politicians on all sides of the political spectrum opposed the idea of a Civil Code.<ref name="alekseev interview">{{Citation |url=http://www.uran.ru/gazetanu/2003/06/nu13/wvmnu_p4_13_062003.htm |script-title=ru:Через испытания |date=June 2003 |last=Fan |first=Irina |periodical=Nauka Urala |volume=13 |issue=841|language=ru}}</ref> It took significant effort to get first part of the Code approved by the State Duma — while the [[Federation Council of Russia|Federation Council]] voted ''against'' the Code. However, the Federation Council took longer than allowed by the [[Constitution of Russia|Constitution]] to come to its decision. This allowed Yeltsin to sign the Code into law. In other words, as Sergei Alexeyev put it, the Civil Code became law almost "by accident".<ref name="alekseev interview"/>


==See also==
==See also==
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==External links==
==External links==
*Full text English translation of [http://www.russian-civil-code.com parts 1 to 3 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation]. Old edition on December 23, 2003, after this date many changings were made.
*Full text English translation of [http://www.russian-civil-code.com parts 1 to 3 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation]. Old edition on December 23, 2003, after this date many changes were made.
*Full text English translation of [http://www.rupto.ru/en_site/policy_law/Civil_Code.pdf part 4 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation] made by [[Rospatent]] in 2011.
*Full text English translation of [https://web.archive.org/web/20111012141658/http://www.rupto.ru/en_site/policy_law/Civil_Code.pdf part 4 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation] made by [[Rospatent]] in 2011.
*Russian Federation, Federal law no. 231-{{lang|ru|ФЗ}} of 2006: ''[http://www.rg.ru/2006/12/22/kodeks-vvedenie-dok.html {{lang|ru|Федеральный закон Российской Федерации от 18 декабря 2006 г. N 231-Ф3 О введении в действие части четвертой Гражданского кодекса Российской Федерации}}]''. Law 231-FL of December 18, 2006: implementation act for part IV of the Civil Code. In Russian. URL last accessed 2010-07-13.
*Russian Federation, Federal law no. 231-{{lang|ru|ФЗ}} of 2006: ''[http://www.rg.ru/2006/12/22/kodeks-vvedenie-dok.html {{lang|ru|Федеральный закон Российской Федерации от 18 декабря 2006 г. N 231-Ф3 О введении в действие части четвертой Гражданского кодекса Российской Федерации}}]''. Law 231-FL of December 18, 2006: implementation act for part IV of the Civil Code. In Russian. URL last accessed 2010-07-13.


{{Civil codes by country|Europe}}
{{Russia topics}}


[[Category:Russian law]]
[[Category:Law of Russia]]
[[Category:Civil codes|Russia]]
[[Category:Civil codes|Russia]]

Revision as of 23:47, 10 January 2024

Civil Code of Russia
Parliament of Russia
Territorial extentRussia
Enacted byParliament of Russia
Signed byPresident of Russia
Signed1994
Commenced1 January 1995
Status: In force

The Civil Code of the Russian Federation (Russian: Гражданский кодекс Российской Федерации, frequently abbreviated 'ГК РФ') is the prime source of civil law for the Russian Federation. The Russian Civil Law system descended from Roman Law through Byzantine tradition. It was heavily influenced by German and Dutch norms in the 18th and 19th centuries. Socialist-style modifications took place during the Soviet period (1922–1991) and Continental European Law influences since the 1990s.

The Civil Code of the Russian Federation came into force in four parts. The first part, which deals with general provisions (i.e. defines sources, names legal entities etc.) was enacted by the State Duma in 1994 and entered into force in 1995. The second part (dealing with the Law of obligations) entered into force in 1996. The third part (Succession law) entered into force in 2002. The document has certain basic principles: equality of all participants guaranteed by civil law, inviolability of private property, freedom of contract, free exercise of civil rights and juridical protection of civil rights.

The fourth part, dealing with intellectual property, was signed into law on December 18, 2006 and came into force on January 1, 2008. Part IV became the first truly complete codification of the legislation on intellectual property in the world.

The structure of the Civil Code

Unlike most European civil codes, Russia's Civil Code does not cover family law. Instead, family law is dealt with in a separate code.

History

Since its foundation as an independent successor state of the former Soviet Union, the Russian Federation had been engaged in a large legislative project of developing a new Civil Code. In July 1994, President Boris Yeltsin signed a decree authorizing the "Establishment and Development of Private Law in Russia" program.[1] The program called for a group of legal researchers, led by Sergei Alexeyev, to create a new civil code for the nation. Initially, Russian politicians on all sides of the political spectrum opposed the idea of a Civil Code.[2] It took significant effort to get first part of the Code approved by the State Duma — while the Federation Council voted against the Code. However, the Federation Council took longer than allowed by the Constitution to come to its decision. This allowed Yeltsin to sign the Code into law. In other words, as Sergei Alexeyev put it, the Civil Code became law almost "by accident".[2]

See also

References

  1. ^ Указ Президента РФ от 7 июля 1994 г. N 1473 "О программе "Становление и развитие частного права в России" (in Russian), archived from the original on 2011-10-03, retrieved 2008-03-22
  2. ^ a b Fan, Irina (June 2003), Через испытания, Nauka Urala (in Russian), vol. 13, no. 841
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