Holne: Difference between revisions
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{{Short description|Village and civil parish in Devon, England}} |
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[[Image:Holne Church.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Church of St Mary]] |
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{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2022}} |
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{{Infobox UK place |
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| official_name= Holne |
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| civil_parish = Holne |
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| country= England |
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| region= South West England |
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| os_grid_reference= |
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| post_town= |
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| postcode_area= |
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| postcode_district= |
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| dial_code= |
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| constituency_westminster = |
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| shire_district= [[South Hams]] |
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| shire_county= [[Devon]] |
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| hide_services= Yes |
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| population =303 |
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| population_ref =(2021 census) |
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| area_total_km2= |
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|static_image=Holne Church.jpg |
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|static_image_caption=Church of St Mary |
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|website= |
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}} |
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| ⚫ | '''Holne''' is a village and [[civil parishes in England|civil parish]] on the southeastern slopes of [[Dartmoor]] in [[Devon]], England. A community has existed here since at least the 11th century, and today a population of around 250 people is served by a church and a [[public house]], the Church House Inn. |
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==Village== |
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The Church of St Mary the Virgin is thought to date back to the 13th century, and was enlarged early in the 16th century. Around this time a carved and painted [[rood screen]] was installed, together with a matching [[pulpit]] - often described as one of the finest in Devon. |
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The Church of St Mary the Virgin was built circa 1300, and was enlarged early in the 16th century.<ref name="HOS">{{cite book |
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| last = Hoskins |
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| first = W. G. |
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| title = A New Survey of England: Devon |
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| publisher = Collins |
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| location = London |
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| year = 1972 |
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| edition = New |
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| page = 411 |
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| isbn = 0-7153-5577-5 |
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}}</ref> Around this time a carved and painted [[rood screen]] was installed, together with a matching [[pulpit]] of unusual design.<ref name="PEV">{{cite book |
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|title=The Buildings of England — Devon |
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|last1=Cherry|first1= Bridget |last2=Pevsner|first2=Nikolaus |author-link2=Nikolaus Pevsner |
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|publisher=Penguin |
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|location=Harmondsworth |
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|pages=491–2 |
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|year=1989 |
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|isbn=0-14-071050-7 |
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| ⚫ | }}</ref> A hollow [[Taxus baccata|yew]] tree in the churchyard was thought to have been planted around 1300.<ref name="cross"/> Nearby is a prominent cross, with an octagonal cross section, which marks the grave of the Rev. John Gill, who was vicar of Holne from 1858 to 1917—his 90th year.<ref name="cross">{{cite web|title=Cross at Holne Churchyard|url=http://www.dartmoor-crosses.org.uk/holne_churchyard.htm|publisher=Dartmoor Croses|access-date=6 July 2016}}</ref> |
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The novelist and clergyman [[Charles Kingsley]] was born in the vicarage while his father was curate-in-charge here for a few months.<ref name="HOS"/> |
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==Parish== |
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The eastern and northern boundaries of the parish are formed by the [[River Dart]]. To the west it is bordered by the parish of [[Dartmoor Forest]], the boundary partly following the [[O Brook]]. It meets the northernmost point of [[Buckfastleigh]] parish at Petre's Bound Stone on [[Ryder's Hill]], one of the highest points on southern Dartmoor. From here the boundary runs back east to the River Dart.<ref name="HH"/> |
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[[Holne Chase Castle]] is a well-preserved [[Iron Age]] hill fort on the top of Holne Chase,<ref name="PEV"/> which is an area of steep woodland in the loop of the River Dart between two medieval bridges: [[Holne Bridge]] and [[Newbridge, River Dart|New Bridge]].<ref name="HH">{{Cite book |
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| last = Harris |
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| first = Helen |
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| title = A Handbook of Devon Parishes |
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| publisher = Halsgrove |
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| location = Tiverton |
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| year = 2004 |
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| page = 86 |
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| isbn = 1-84114-314-6 |
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}}</ref> In the north of the parish, the farmstead of Stoke was a [[Domesday]] [[Manorialism|manor]].<ref name="HOS"/> |
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==Manor== |
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The manor of Holne was listed in [[Domesday Book]] of 1086 as the 11th of 17 Devon holdings of [[William de Falaise | William of Falaise]].<ref>Thorn, Caroline & Frank, (eds.) Domesday Book, (Morris, John, gen.ed.) Vol. 9, Devon, Parts 1 & 2, Phillimore Press, Chichester, 1985, part 1, 20:11.</ref> The lands of William of Falaise later became the [[Feudal baronies in Devonshire | feudal barony of Dartington]], whose lords were the FitzMartin family, feudal barons of Blagdon in Somerset.<ref>Thorn & Thorn, part 2 (notes), chapter 20; Sanders, I.J. English Baronies: A Study of their Origin and Descent 1086-1327, Oxford, 1960, p.15, Blagdon</ref> From the FitzMartins Holne descended to the Audley family, [[Feudal barony of Barnstaple|feudal barons of Barnstaple]], thence to the Bourchiers, lords of the [[manor of Tawstock]], thence to their heirs the [[Wrey baronets]].<ref name="White's Devonshire Directory 1850">White's Devonshire Directory, 1850, Holne</ref> In 1850 Sir Bourchier Palk Wrey, 8th Baronet (1788-1879) had a hunting seat in the manor named Holne Chase House "in a singularly romantic situation". To this was attached Holne Chase, 500 acres of wood and 2200 acres of moor land extending about 2 miles into Dartmoor Forest, "amidst some of the most magnificent scenery in Devon, where the [[River Dart]] is seen foaming over its rocky bed, between steep and shelving banks, and lofty woody hills".<ref name="White's Devonshire Directory 1850"/> In 1850 Sir Bourchier Palk Wrey, 8th Baronet, owned most of the parish, including the hamlets of Michelcombe and Stoke and a number of scattered farms, also the hunting boxes called Holne Park and Holne cottage.<ref name="White's Devonshire Directory 1850"/> |
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Several paintings of the Wrey estate were made by [[Frederick Christian Lewis]] (1779–1856) published in London, 1821 as "Scenery of the River Dart", as follows:{{citation needed|date=October 2020}} |
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[[File:RoebrookFromLangermarsh FCLewis1820.jpg|thumb|200px|"Roebrook from Langermarsh, the property of Sir B.Wrey, Bart", by [[Frederick Christian Lewis]], 1820]] |
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*Holne. Scene from Cumston, the property of Sir B.Wrey, Bart. / drawn, engd. & pubd. by F.C.Lewis, London 1820. |
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*Holne. Roebrook from Langermarsh, the property of Sir B.Wrey, Bart / drawn, engd. & pubd. by F.C.Lewis, London, 1820. |
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*Holne. Scene from Benshe Tor (twilight), the property of Sir B.Wrey, Bart. / drawn, engd. & pubd. by F.C.Lewis, London, 1820. |
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*Holne. Benshe Tor, the property of Sir B.Wrey, Bart / drawn, engd. & pubd. by F.C.Lewis, London, 1820. |
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*Holne. Scene from Wells-Foot Wood, the property of Sir B.Wrey, Bart. / drawn, engd. & pubd. by F.C.Lewis, London, 1820. |
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*Holne. Scene from the window of Holne Cottage, the property of Sir B. Wrey, Bart. / drawn, engd. & pubd. by F.C.Lewis, London, 1820. |
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*Holne. Marks Ridge, the property of Sir B.Wrey, Bart. / drawn, engd. & pubd. by F.C.Lewis, London, 1820. |
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*Holne. Scene below Holne Cottage, the property of Sir B.Wrey, Bart / drawn, engd. & pubd. by F.C.Lewis, London, 1820. |
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In 1885 Sir Bourchier Toke Wrey, 10th Baronet (1829-1900) sold the estate to Hon. Richard Maitland Westenra Dawson (1845-1914), 3rd son of [[Richard Dawson, 1st Earl of Dartrey]]. The Dawsons lived in the mansion house of Holne Chase but then built a new mansion nearby called Holne Park, to which they moved. In 1890 Holne Chase was let to Rev. Charles Foster, after whom a Salmon Pool on the River Dart is named. In 1934 Holne Chase operated as a Hotel, which closed in 2008. In the year 1914 Richard died on 7 August aged 69{{citation needed|date=October 2020}} and three months later his son Capt. Richard Long Dawson (1879-20 November 1914) of the [[Coldstream Guards]] was killed in action ay [[Ypres]] during World War I (his name appears on the parish War Memorial and his gravestone is in the [[Zillebeke Churchyard Commonwealth War Graves Commission Cemetery]])<ref>[https://www.flickr.com/photos/redvers/2461010515/ Image of gravestone of Capt Richard Long Dawson (1879-20 November 1914)]</ref> Richard I's widow Jane Dawson (d.1932){{citation needed|date=October 2020}} retained possession but in 1937, 5 years after her death, her executors sold the estate to Stephen Simpson of nearby [[Spitchwick]] Manor, Poundsgate. Following the closure of Holne Chase Hotel in 2008 and the termination of the lease, the owners Mr and Mrs Richard Simpson made it their home and converted the stable block and garden cottage into holiday lets.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.holne-chase.co.uk/history-holne-chase|title=History of Holne Chase - Holne Chase Holiday Cottages}}</ref> |
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==References== |
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{{Reflist}} |
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{{commons category-inline}} |
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{{Settlements of Dartmoor}} |
{{Settlements of Dartmoor}} |
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{{South Hams parishes}} |
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[[Category:Dartmoor]] |
[[Category:Dartmoor]] |
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| ⚫ | |||
[[Category:Civil parishes in South Hams]] |
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Latest revision as of 18:05, 7 January 2024
| Holne | |
|---|---|
 Church of St Mary | |
  Holne Location within Devon | |
| Population | 303 (2021 census) |
| Civil parish |
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| District | |
| Shire county | |
| Region | |
| Country | England |
| Sovereign state | United Kingdom |
Holne is a village and civil parish on the southeastern slopes of Dartmoor in Devon, England. A community has existed here since at least the 11th century, and today a population of around 250 people is served by a church and a public house, the Church House Inn.
Village
[edit]The Church of St Mary the Virgin was built circa 1300, and was enlarged early in the 16th century.[1] Around this time a carved and painted rood screen was installed, together with a matching pulpit of unusual design.[2] A hollow yew tree in the churchyard was thought to have been planted around 1300.[3] Nearby is a prominent cross, with an octagonal cross section, which marks the grave of the Rev. John Gill, who was vicar of Holne from 1858 to 1917—his 90th year.[3]
The novelist and clergyman Charles Kingsley was born in the vicarage while his father was curate-in-charge here for a few months.[1]
Parish
[edit]The eastern and northern boundaries of the parish are formed by the River Dart. To the west it is bordered by the parish of Dartmoor Forest, the boundary partly following the O Brook. It meets the northernmost point of Buckfastleigh parish at Petre's Bound Stone on Ryder's Hill, one of the highest points on southern Dartmoor. From here the boundary runs back east to the River Dart.[4]
Holne Chase Castle is a well-preserved Iron Age hill fort on the top of Holne Chase,[2] which is an area of steep woodland in the loop of the River Dart between two medieval bridges: Holne Bridge and New Bridge.[4] In the north of the parish, the farmstead of Stoke was a Domesday manor.[1]
Manor
[edit]The manor of Holne was listed in Domesday Book of 1086 as the 11th of 17 Devon holdings of William of Falaise.[5] The lands of William of Falaise later became the feudal barony of Dartington, whose lords were the FitzMartin family, feudal barons of Blagdon in Somerset.[6] From the FitzMartins Holne descended to the Audley family, feudal barons of Barnstaple, thence to the Bourchiers, lords of the manor of Tawstock, thence to their heirs the Wrey baronets.[7] In 1850 Sir Bourchier Palk Wrey, 8th Baronet (1788-1879) had a hunting seat in the manor named Holne Chase House "in a singularly romantic situation". To this was attached Holne Chase, 500 acres of wood and 2200 acres of moor land extending about 2 miles into Dartmoor Forest, "amidst some of the most magnificent scenery in Devon, where the River Dart is seen foaming over its rocky bed, between steep and shelving banks, and lofty woody hills".[7] In 1850 Sir Bourchier Palk Wrey, 8th Baronet, owned most of the parish, including the hamlets of Michelcombe and Stoke and a number of scattered farms, also the hunting boxes called Holne Park and Holne cottage.[7]
Several paintings of the Wrey estate were made by Frederick Christian Lewis (1779–1856) published in London, 1821 as "Scenery of the River Dart", as follows:[citation needed]
- Holne. Scene from Cumston, the property of Sir B.Wrey, Bart. / drawn, engd. & pubd. by F.C.Lewis, London 1820.
- Holne. Roebrook from Langermarsh, the property of Sir B.Wrey, Bart / drawn, engd. & pubd. by F.C.Lewis, London, 1820.
- Holne. Scene from Benshe Tor (twilight), the property of Sir B.Wrey, Bart. / drawn, engd. & pubd. by F.C.Lewis, London, 1820.
- Holne. Benshe Tor, the property of Sir B.Wrey, Bart / drawn, engd. & pubd. by F.C.Lewis, London, 1820.
- Holne. Scene from Wells-Foot Wood, the property of Sir B.Wrey, Bart. / drawn, engd. & pubd. by F.C.Lewis, London, 1820.
- Holne. Scene from the window of Holne Cottage, the property of Sir B. Wrey, Bart. / drawn, engd. & pubd. by F.C.Lewis, London, 1820.
- Holne. Marks Ridge, the property of Sir B.Wrey, Bart. / drawn, engd. & pubd. by F.C.Lewis, London, 1820.
- Holne. Scene below Holne Cottage, the property of Sir B.Wrey, Bart / drawn, engd. & pubd. by F.C.Lewis, London, 1820.
In 1885 Sir Bourchier Toke Wrey, 10th Baronet (1829-1900) sold the estate to Hon. Richard Maitland Westenra Dawson (1845-1914), 3rd son of Richard Dawson, 1st Earl of Dartrey. The Dawsons lived in the mansion house of Holne Chase but then built a new mansion nearby called Holne Park, to which they moved. In 1890 Holne Chase was let to Rev. Charles Foster, after whom a Salmon Pool on the River Dart is named. In 1934 Holne Chase operated as a Hotel, which closed in 2008. In the year 1914 Richard died on 7 August aged 69[citation needed] and three months later his son Capt. Richard Long Dawson (1879-20 November 1914) of the Coldstream Guards was killed in action ay Ypres during World War I (his name appears on the parish War Memorial and his gravestone is in the Zillebeke Churchyard Commonwealth War Graves Commission Cemetery)[8] Richard I's widow Jane Dawson (d.1932)[citation needed] retained possession but in 1937, 5 years after her death, her executors sold the estate to Stephen Simpson of nearby Spitchwick Manor, Poundsgate. Following the closure of Holne Chase Hotel in 2008 and the termination of the lease, the owners Mr and Mrs Richard Simpson made it their home and converted the stable block and garden cottage into holiday lets.[9]
References
[edit]- ^ a b c Hoskins, W. G. (1972). A New Survey of England: Devon (New ed.). London: Collins. p. 411. ISBN 0-7153-5577-5.
- ^ a b Cherry, Bridget; Pevsner, Nikolaus (1989). The Buildings of England — Devon. Harmondsworth: Penguin. pp. 491–2. ISBN 0-14-071050-7.
- ^ a b "Cross at Holne Churchyard". Dartmoor Croses. Retrieved 6 July 2016.
- ^ a b Harris, Helen (2004). A Handbook of Devon Parishes. Tiverton: Halsgrove. p. 86. ISBN 1-84114-314-6.
- ^ Thorn, Caroline & Frank, (eds.) Domesday Book, (Morris, John, gen.ed.) Vol. 9, Devon, Parts 1 & 2, Phillimore Press, Chichester, 1985, part 1, 20:11.
- ^ Thorn & Thorn, part 2 (notes), chapter 20; Sanders, I.J. English Baronies: A Study of their Origin and Descent 1086-1327, Oxford, 1960, p.15, Blagdon
- ^ a b c White's Devonshire Directory, 1850, Holne
- ^ Image of gravestone of Capt Richard Long Dawson (1879-20 November 1914)
- ^ "History of Holne Chase - Holne Chase Holiday Cottages".
External links
[edit]
Media related to Holne at Wikimedia Commons