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Purported letter sent by Muhammad to the Byzantine emperor Heraclius

Aslim Taslam (Arabic: أسلم تسلم) is a phrase meaning "submit (to God, i.e., by accepting Islam) and you will get salvation",^[1] taken from the letters sent by the Islamic prophet Muhammad to various rulers in which he urged them to convert to Islam.^[2]^[3]

Letters of Muhammad

Muhammad, according to the usually told Islamic historiography, sent ambassadors with such letters to Heraclius the emperor of Eastern Roman Empire, Chosroes II the emperor of Persia, the Negus of Ethiopia,^[4] Muqawqis the ruler of Egypt, Harith Gassani the governor of Syria and Munzir ibn Sawa the ruler of Bahrain.

Muhammad's Letter to the King of Oman, Jaifer, and his Brother Abd Al-Jalandi -

In the Name of Allah, the Most Beneficent, the Most Merciful:

From Muhammad bin ‘Abdullah to Jaifer and ‘Abd Al-Jalandi - Peace be upon him who follows true guidance; thereafter I invite both of you to the Call of Islam. Embrace Islam. Allah has sent me as a Prophet to all His creatures in order that I may instill fear of Allah in the hearts of His disobedient creatures so that there may be left no excuse for those who deny Allah. If you two accept Islam, you will remain in command of your country; but if you refuse my Call, then all your possessions are perishable. My horsemen will appropriate your land, and my Prophethood will assume control over your kingship.^[5]

The account as transmitted by Muslim historians of the letter to Heraclius reads as follows^[6]

Western Translation

In the name of Allah the Beneficent, the Merciful:
(This letter is) from Muhammad the slave of Allah and His Apostle to Heraclius the ruler of Byzantine. Peace be upon him, who follows the right path. Furthermore I invite you to Islam, and if you become a Muslim you will be safe, and Allah will double your reward, and if you reject this invitation of Islam you will be committing a sin by misguiding your Arisiyin (peasants). (And I recite to you Allah's Statement:)
Say (O Muhammad): 'O people of the scripture! Come to a word common to you and us that we worship none but Allah and that we associate nothing in worship with Him, and that none of us shall take others as Lords beside Allah.' Then, if they turn away, say: 'Bear witness that we are Muslims' (those who have surrendered to Allah)."
— ^[6]^[7]^[8]

Arabic original

بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم من محمد بن عبد الله إلى هرقل عظيم الروم: سلام على من اتبع الهدى، أما بعد فإنى أدعوك بدعوة الإسلام أسلم تسلم يؤتك الله أجرك مرتين، فإن توليت فعليك إثم جميع الأريسيِين قُلْ يَا أَهْلَ الْكِتَابِ تَعَالَوْا إِلَىٰ كَلِمَةٍ سَوَاءٍ بَيْنَنَا وَبَيْنَكُمْ أَلَّا نَعْبُدَ إِلَّا اللَّهَ وَلَا نُشْرِكَ بِهِ شَيْئًا وَلَا يَتَّخِذَ بَعْضُنَا بَعْضًا أَرْبَابًا مِّن دُونِ اللَّهِ ۚ فَإِن تَوَلَّوْا فَقُولُوا اشْهَدُوا بِأَنَّا مُسْلِمُونَ

In the name of God the Beneficent, the Merciful:
(This letter is) from Muhammad son of Abdullah to Heraclius the Great (ruler) of the Romans (Byzantines). Peace be upon him, he who follows the right path. Furthermore I invite thee to Islam; become a Muslim and thou shalt be safe (from Hell or God's punishment), and God will double thy reward (as your people will follow along and be saved because of you), and if thou rejectest, thou shalt bear the sins of the Arisiyins (the peasants, your people).
(And I recite to you God's Statement:) Say (O Muhammad): 'O people of the scripture! Come to a word common to you and us that we worship none but God and that we associate nothing in worship with Him, and that none of us shall take others as Lords beside God. Then, if they turn away, say: 'Bear witness that we are Muslims' (those who have surrendered to God).
— ^[9] The letter to Chosroes II is similar except that it refers to Magians instead of the Arisiyin.^[8]

Similar Letters of Leaders from Muslim countries

On September 17, 2006, in response to the Pope Benedict XVI Islam controversy, characterized by Gazan clerics as "the result of his hatred for Islam and not the result of ignorance." one of them, Sheikh Imad Hamato, called on the pope to "repent and ask for forgiveness" and said: "We want to use the words of the Prophet Muhammad and tell the pope: aslim taslam."^[3]

In May 2006, Mahmoud Ahmadinejad, President of the Islamic Republic of Iran, sent a similar letter to former US President George W. Bush saying aslim taslam. ^[10]

Osama bin Laden sent a handful of such letters both to USA and Europe saying aslim taslam ^[10]^[11]

Adam Gadahn, an American-born Muslim convert from Al Qaeda, sent a video to the American people and said aslim taslam.^[12]

Egyptian Cleric Hassan Abu Al-Ashbal issued a similar statement aslim taslam to President Barack Obama. ^[13]^[14]

Hizb ut-Tahrir Indonesia spokesperson, Ismail Yusanto said to Nikolas van Dam, the Dutch ambassador for Indonesia that the Dutch government is responsible for the Fitna (film) of Geert Wilders and said aslim taslam. ^[15]

Critical responses

In response to the aslim taslam invitation to submit to God by Islam, the Italian author and journalist Oriana Fallaci said "lan astaslem" (Arabic: لن استسلم) meaning "I will never surrender/I will never submit/I will never be a Muslim".^[16] ^[17] Michelle Malkin has taken up this slogan as a response to the WTC terrorist attacks^[18] ^[19] ^[20]

References

^ Abidullah Ghazi & Tasneema K Ghazi, Teachings of Our Prophet: A selection of Hadith for Children, IQRA International Education, p. 3.
^ "Sahih Bukhari Volume 4, Book 52, Number 196". Retrieved 11 March 2023.
^ ^a ^b Khaled Abu Toameh (September 18, 2006). "Gazans warn pope to accept Islam". The Jerusalem Post. Retrieved March 3, 2009.
^ "Lettre de Mohammad, au Négus Al Asham, Roi d'Abyssinie". aslim-taslam. Archived from the original on October 17, 2008. Retrieved March 3, 2009.by Sajida M
^ The letters of the Prophet Muhammad
^ ^a ^b Nadia Maria El-Cheikh, "Muhammad and Heraclius: A Study in Legitimacy", Studia Islamica, No. 89. (1999), p. 5-21.
^ Sahih Bukhari 1.1.6
^ ^a ^b Gerrit Jan Reinink, Rijksuniversiteit Te Groningen, "The Reign of Heraclius (610-641): crisis and confrontation", Peeters Publishers (2002), ISBN 90-429-1228-6, p. 125-128.
^ At-Tabari, Tarikh al-umam wal-muluk
^ ^a ^b Henryk M. Broder, Hurra, wir kapitulieren! Von der Lust am Einknicken (“Hurray, we are capitulating! About the lust to bend over backwards”,) Berlin 2006, pp. 71-90
^ Bruce Lawrence, Messages to the World: The Statements of Osama Bin Laden, London/New York 2005
^ "Video: Al Qaeda tells U.S. to convert or die". HotAir. 2 September 2006. Archived from the original on 26 March 2009. Retrieved March 3, 2009.September 2, 2006
^ "Egyptian Cleric Hassan Abu Al-Ashbal Calls on President-Elect Obama to Convert to Islam". MEMRI. Retrieved March 3, 2009.November 27, 2009
^ "Egyptian Cleric Hassan Abu Al-Ashbal Calls on President-Elect Obama to Convert to Islam". MEMRI. Archived from the original on 12 February 2009. Retrieved March 3, 2009.November 27, 2008
^ "Dutch Government must be held accountable over Fitna". Hizb ut-Tahrir. April 4, 2008. Retrieved March 4, 2009.
^ Oriana Fallaci, The Rage and The Pride (La Rabbia e l'Orgoglio), 2001.
^ "Oriana Fallaci, R.I.P., and the Religion of Perpetual Outrage". Townhall.com. Archived from the original on 16 October 2006. Retrieved October 14, 2006. by Michelle Malkin September 15, 2006
^ "9/11 pledge: "I will not submit". Townhall.com. Archived from the original on 16 October 2006. Retrieved October 14, 2006. by Michelle Malkin September 11, 2006
^ "9/11 pledge: "I will not submit"". Michelle Malkin. Archived from the original on 27 February 2009. Retrieved March 3, 2009. by Michelle Malkin September 11, 2006
^ "Seven years later: Remembrance and resolve". Michelle Malkin. Retrieved March 3, 2009. by Michelle Malkin September 11, 2008

[1] Abidullah Ghazi & Tasneema K Ghazi, Teachings of Our Prophet: A selection of Hadith for Children, IQRA International Education, p. 3.

[Sahih-2] "Sahih Bukhari Volume 4, Book 52, Number 196". Retrieved 11 March 2023.

[JP-3] Khaled Abu Toameh (September 18, 2006). "Gazans warn pope to accept Islam". The Jerusalem Post. Retrieved March 3, 2009.

[4] "Lettre de Mohammad, au Négus Al Asham, Roi d'Abyssinie". aslim-taslam. Archived from the original on October 17, 2008. Retrieved March 3, 2009.by Sajida M

[5] The letters of the Prophet Muhammad

[Nadia-6] Nadia Maria El-Cheikh, "Muhammad and Heraclius: A Study in Legitimacy", Studia Islamica, No. 89. (1999), p. 5-21.

[bukhariherac-7] Sahih Bukhari 1.1.6

[Gerrit-8] Gerrit Jan Reinink, Rijksuniversiteit Te Groningen, "The Reign of Heraclius (610-641): crisis and confrontation", Peeters Publishers (2002), ISBN 90-429-1228-6, p. 125-128.

[9] At-Tabari, Tarikh al-umam wal-muluk

[Henryk_M._Broder_2006,_pp._71-90-10] Henryk M. Broder, Hurra, wir kapitulieren! Von der Lust am Einknicken (“Hurray, we are capitulating! About the lust to bend over backwards”,) Berlin 2006, pp. 71-90

[11] Bruce Lawrence, Messages to the World: The Statements of Osama Bin Laden, London/New York 2005

[12] "Video: Al Qaeda tells U.S. to convert or die". HotAir. 2 September 2006. Archived from the original on 26 March 2009. Retrieved March 3, 2009.September 2, 2006

[13] "Egyptian Cleric Hassan Abu Al-Ashbal Calls on President-Elect Obama to Convert to Islam". MEMRI. Retrieved March 3, 2009.November 27, 2009

[14] "Egyptian Cleric Hassan Abu Al-Ashbal Calls on President-Elect Obama to Convert to Islam". MEMRI. Archived from the original on 12 February 2009. Retrieved March 3, 2009.November 27, 2008

[15] "Dutch Government must be held accountable over Fitna". Hizb ut-Tahrir. April 4, 2008. Retrieved March 4, 2009.

[16] Oriana Fallaci, The Rage and The Pride (La Rabbia e l'Orgoglio), 2001.

[17] "Oriana Fallaci, R.I.P., and the Religion of Perpetual Outrage". Townhall.com. Archived from the original on 16 October 2006. Retrieved October 14, 2006. by Michelle Malkin September 15, 2006

[18] "9/11 pledge: "I will not submit". Townhall.com. Archived from the original on 16 October 2006. Retrieved October 14, 2006. by Michelle Malkin September 11, 2006

[19] "9/11 pledge: "I will not submit"". Michelle Malkin. Archived from the original on 27 February 2009. Retrieved March 3, 2009. by Michelle Malkin September 11, 2006

[20] "Seven years later: Remembrance and resolve". Michelle Malkin. Retrieved March 3, 2009. by Michelle Malkin September 11, 2008

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@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
 {{Muhammad}}
-[[File:Muhammad-Letter-To-Heraclius.jpg|thumb|250px|Purported letter sent by Prophet Muhammad to Heraclius, emperor of Byzantium]]
+[[File:Muhammad-Letter-To-Heraclius.jpg|thumb|250px|Purported letter sent by Muhammad to the Byzantine emperor [[Heraclius]]]]
-'''Aslim Taslam''' ({{lang-ar|أسلم تسلم}}) is a phrase meaning "submit (to God i.e. by accepting Islam) and you will get [[salvation]]",<ref>Abidullah Ghazi & Tasneema K Ghazi, ''Teachings of Our Prophet: A selection of Hadith for Children'', IQRA International Education, p. 3.</ref> taken from the letters sent by the [[Islamic prophet]] [[Muhammad]] to various kings and rulers in which he urged them to convert to [[Islam]].<ref name="Sahih">[http://www.usc.edu/dept/MSA/fundamentals/hadithsunnah/bukhari/052.sbt.html#004.052.196 Sahih Bukhari Volume 4, Book 52, Number 196]</ref><ref name="JP">{{cite web|title = Gazans warn pope to accept Islam|publisher = [[Jerusalem Post]]
+'''Aslim Taslam''' ({{lang-ar|أسلم تسلم}}) is a phrase meaning "submit (to God, i.e., by accepting Islam) and you will get [[salvation]]",<ref>Abidullah Ghazi & Tasneema K Ghazi, ''Teachings of Our Prophet: A selection of Hadith for Children'', IQRA International Education, p. 3.</ref> taken from the letters sent by the [[Islamic prophet]] [[Muhammad]] to various rulers in which he urged them to convert to [[Islam]].<ref name="Sahih">{{Cite web|url=http://www.usc.edu/dept/MSA/fundamentals/hadithsunnah/bukhari/052.sbt.html#004.052.196|title=Sahih Bukhari Volume 4, Book 52, Number 196|accessdate=11 March 2023}}</ref><ref name="JP">{{cite web|title = Gazans warn pope to accept Islam|work=[[The Jerusalem Post]]
+|date = September 18, 2006
-|accessdate=March 3, 2009|url=http://fr.jpost.com/servlet/Satellite?cid=1157913651799&pagename=JPost/JPArticle/ShowFull}}by Khaled Abu Toameh September 18, 2006</ref>
+|accessdate=March 3, 2009|url=https://jpost.com/middle-east/gazans-warn-pope-to-accept-islam|author=Khaled Abu Toameh}}</ref>
 ==Letters of Muhammad==
+[[Muhammad]], according to the usually told Islamic historiography, sent ambassadors with such letters to [[Heraclius]] the emperor of [[Eastern Roman Empire]], [[Chosroes II]] the emperor of [[Persia]], the [[Negus]] of [[Ethiopia]],<ref>{{cite web|title = Lettre de Mohammad, au Négus Al Asham, Roi d'Abyssinie.|publisher = [[aslim-taslam]]|accessdate = March 3, 2009|url = http://www.aslim-taslam.net/article.php3?id_article=742|archive-date = October 17, 2008|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20081017224135/http://www.aslim-taslam.net/article.php3?id_article=742|url-status = dead}}by Sajida M</ref> [[Muqawqis]] the ruler of [[Egypt]], [[Harith Gassani]] the governor of [[Syria]] and [[Munzir ibn Sawa Al Tamimi|Munzir ibn Sawa]] the ruler of [[Bahrain]].
+Muhammad's Letter to the King of Oman, Jaifer, and his Brother Abd Al-Jalandi -
-[[Muhammad]], according to the usually told Islamic historiography, sent ambassadors with such letters to [[Heraclius]] the emperor of [[Eastern Roman Empire]], [[Chosroes II]] the emperor of [[Persia]], the [[Negus]] of [[Ethiopia]],<ref>{{cite web|title = Lettre de Mohammad, au Négus Al Asham, Roi d’Abyssinie.|publisher = [[aslim-taslam]]|accessdate=March 3, 2009|url=http://www.aslim-taslam.net/article.php3?id_article=742}}by Sajida M</ref> [[Muqawqis]] the ruler of [[Egypt]], [[Harith Gassani]] the governor of [[Syria]] and [[Munzir ibn Sawa Al Tamimi|Munzir ibn Sawa]] the ruler of [[Bahrain]]. The account as transmitted by Muslim historians reads as follows<ref name="Nadia">Nadia Maria El-Cheikh, "Muhammad and Heraclius: A Study in Legitimacy", ''Studia Islamica'', No. 89. (1999), p. 5-21.</ref>
+In the Name of Allah, the Most Beneficent, the Most Merciful:
+From Muhammad bin ‘Abdullah to Jaifer and ‘Abd Al-Jalandi - Peace be upon him who follows true guidance; thereafter I invite both of you to the Call of Islam. Embrace Islam. Allah has sent me as a Prophet to all His creatures in order that I may instill fear of Allah in the hearts of His disobedient creatures so that there may be left no excuse for those who deny Allah. If you two accept Islam, you will remain in command of your country; but if you refuse my Call, then all your possessions are perishable. My horsemen will appropriate your land, and my Prophethood will assume control over your kingship.<ref>[https://www.kalamullah.com/Books/The%20letters%20of%20the%20Prophet%20Muhammad%20to%20the%20Kings%20beyond%20Arabia.pdf The letters of the Prophet Muhammad]</ref>
+The account as transmitted by Muslim historians of the letter to Heraclius reads as follows<ref name="Nadia">Nadia Maria El-Cheikh, "Muhammad and Heraclius: A Study in Legitimacy", ''Studia Islamica'', No. 89. (1999), p. 5-21.</ref>
 ===Western Translation===
 {{cquote|In the name of Allah the Beneficent, the Merciful:
 (This letter is) from Muhammad the slave of Allah and His Apostle to Heraclius the ruler of Byzantine.  Peace be upon him, who follows the right path. Furthermore I invite you to Islam, and if you become a Muslim you will be safe, and Allah will double your reward, and if you reject this invitation of Islam you will be committing a sin by misguiding your Arisiyin (peasants). (And I recite to you Allah's Statement:)
@@ Line 25: / Line 34: @@
 (And I recite to you God's Statement:) Say (O Muhammad): 'O people of the scripture! Come to a word common to you and us that we worship none but God and that we associate nothing in worship with Him, and that none of us shall take others as Lords beside God. Then, if they turn away, say: 'Bear witness that we are Muslims' (those who have surrendered to God).|author=<ref>At-Tabari, ''Tarikh al-umam wal-muluk''</ref>
-The letter to Chosroes II is similar except that it refers to [[Magi]]ans instead of the [[Arisiyin]].<ref name="Gerrit">Gerrit Jan Reinink, Rijksuniversiteit Te Groningen, ''"The Reign of Heraclius (610-641): crisis and confrontation"'', Peeters Publishers (2002), ISBN 90-429-1228-6, p. 125-128.</ref>}}
+The letter to Chosroes II is similar except that it refers to [[Magi]]ans instead of the [[Arisiyin]].<ref name="Gerrit">Gerrit Jan Reinink, Rijksuniversiteit Te Groningen, ''"The Reign of Heraclius (610-641): crisis and confrontation"'', Peeters Publishers (2002), {{ISBN|90-429-1228-6}}, p. 125-128.</ref>}}
 ==Similar Letters of Leaders from Muslim countries==
-On September 17, 2006, in response to the [[Pope Benedict XVI Islam controversy]], characterized by Gazan clerics as "the result of his hatred for Islam and not the result of ignorance." one of them, [[Sheikh]] [[Imad Hamato]], called on the pope to "repent and ask for forgiveness" and said: "We want to use the words of the [[Prophet]] [[Muhammad]] and tell the pope: '''''aslim taslam.'''''" <ref name="JP" />
+On September 17, 2006, in response to the [[Pope Benedict XVI Islam controversy]], characterized by Gazan clerics as "the result of his hatred for Islam and not the result of ignorance." one of them, [[Sheikh]] [[Imad Hamato]], called on the pope to "repent and ask for forgiveness" and said: "We want to use the words of the [[Prophet]] [[Muhammad]] and tell the pope: '''''aslim taslam.'''''"<ref name="JP" />
 In May 2006, [[Mahmoud Ahmadinejad]], President of the [[Islamic Republic of Iran]], sent a similar letter to former US President [[George W. Bush]] saying '''''aslim taslam'''''.
@@ Line 37: / Line 46: @@
 <ref name="Henryk M. Broder 2006, pp. 71-90" /><ref>Bruce Lawrence, Messages to the World: The Statements of Osama Bin Laden, London/New York 2005</ref>
-[[Adam Gadahn]], an American-born [[Muslim]] convert from [[Al Qaeda]], sent a video to the American people and said '''''aslim taslam'''''.<ref>{{cite web|title = Video: Al Qaeda tells U.S. to convert or die|publisher = HotAir
+[[Adam Gadahn]], an American-born [[Muslim]] convert from [[Al Qaeda]], sent a video to the American people and said '''''aslim taslam'''''.<ref>{{cite web|title = Video: Al Qaeda tells U.S. to convert or die|date = 2 September 2006
+|publisher = HotAir
-|accessdate=March 3, 2009|url=http://hotair.com/archives/2006/09/02/video-al-qaeda-tells-us-to-convert-or-die/| archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20090326015035/http://hotair.com/archives/2006/09/02/video-al-qaeda-tells-us-to-convert-or-die/| archivedate= 26 March 2009 <!--DASHBot-->| deadurl= no}}September 2, 2006</ref>
+|accessdate=March 3, 2009|url=http://hotair.com/archives/2006/09/02/video-al-qaeda-tells-us-to-convert-or-die/| archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20090326015035/http://hotair.com/archives/2006/09/02/video-al-qaeda-tells-us-to-convert-or-die/| archivedate= 26 March 2009 | url-status= live}}September 2, 2006</ref>
 [[Egypt]]ian [[Cleric]] [[Hassan Abu Al-Ashbal]] issued a similar statement '''''aslim taslam''''' to President [[Barack Obama]].
 <ref>{{cite web|title = Egyptian Cleric Hassan Abu Al-Ashbal Calls on President-Elect Obama to Convert to Islam|publisher = [[MEMRI]]
 |accessdate=March 3, 2009|url=http://www.memritv.org/clip/en/1934.htm?auth=bf0e5553b5735d7d15d1e8b907d0aa6e}}November 27, 2009</ref><ref>{{cite web|title = Egyptian Cleric Hassan Abu Al-Ashbal Calls on President-Elect Obama to Convert to Islam|publisher = [[MEMRI]]
-|accessdate=March 3, 2009|url=http://www.memritv.org/clip_transcript/en/1934.htm| archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20090212205013/http://www.memritv.org/clip_transcript/en/1934.htm| archivedate= 12 February 2009 <!--DASHBot-->| deadurl= no}}November 27, 2008</ref>{{Unreliable source|date=February 2017}}
+|accessdate=March 3, 2009|url=http://www.memritv.org/clip_transcript/en/1934.htm| archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20090212205013/http://www.memritv.org/clip_transcript/en/1934.htm| archivedate= 12 February 2009 | url-status= live}}November 27, 2008</ref>
 [[Hizb ut-Tahrir]] [[Indonesia]] spokesperson, [[Ismail Yusanto]] said to [[Nikolas van Dam]], the Dutch ambassador for [[Indonesia]] that the [[Dutch government]] is responsible for the [[Fitna (film)]] of [[Geert Wilders]]  and said '''''aslim taslam'''''.
@@ Line 50: / Line 60: @@
 ==Critical responses==
-In response to the ''aslim taslam'' invitation to submit to God by [[Islam]], the Italian author and journalist [[Oriana Fallaci]] asserted the rejoinder "[[lan astaslem]]"  ({{lang-ar| لن استسلم}}) meaning "I will never surrender/I will never submit/I will never be a Muslim".<ref>Oriana Fallaci, ''[[The Rage and The Pride]]'' (''La Rabbia e l'Orgoglio''), 2001.</ref>
+In response to the ''aslim taslam'' invitation to submit to God by [[Islam]], the Italian author and journalist [[Oriana Fallaci]] said "[[lan astaslem]]"  ({{lang-ar| لن استسلم}}) meaning "I will never surrender/I will never submit/I will never be a Muslim".<ref>Oriana Fallaci, ''[[The Rage and The Pride]]'' (''La Rabbia e l'Orgoglio''), 2001.</ref>
-<ref>{{cite web|title = Oriana Fallaci, R.I.P., and the Religion of Perpetual Outrage|publisher = [[Townhall.com]]|accessdate=October 14, 2006|url=http://michellemalkin.com/archives/005934.htm| archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20061016201922/http://michellemalkin.com/archives/005934.htm| archivedate= 16 October 2006 <!--DASHBot-->| deadurl= no}} by [[Michelle Malkin]] September 15, 2006</ref> [[Michelle Malkin]] has taken up this slogan as a response to the WTC terrorist attacks<ref>{{cite web|title = 9/11 pledge: "I will not submit|publisher = [[Townhall.com]]|accessdate=October 14, 2006|url=http://michellemalkin.com/archives/005894.htm| archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20061016212852/http://michellemalkin.com/archives/005894.htm| archivedate= 16 October 2006 <!--DASHBot-->| deadurl= no}} by [[Michelle Malkin]] September 11, 2006</ref>
+<ref>{{cite web|title = Oriana Fallaci, R.I.P., and the Religion of Perpetual Outrage|publisher = [[Townhall.com]]|accessdate=October 14, 2006|url=http://michellemalkin.com/archives/005934.htm| archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20061016201922/http://michellemalkin.com/archives/005934.htm| archivedate= 16 October 2006 | url-status= live}} by [[Michelle Malkin]] September 15, 2006</ref> [[Michelle Malkin]] has taken up this slogan as a response to the WTC terrorist attacks<ref>{{cite web|title = 9/11 pledge: "I will not submit|publisher = [[Townhall.com]]|accessdate=October 14, 2006|url=http://michellemalkin.com/archives/005894.htm| archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20061016212852/http://michellemalkin.com/archives/005894.htm| archivedate= 16 October 2006 | url-status= live}} by [[Michelle Malkin]] September 11, 2006</ref>
-<ref>{{cite web|title = 9/11 pledge: "I will not submit"|publisher = [[Michelle Malkin]]|accessdate=March 3, 2009|url=http://michellemalkin.com/2006/09/11/911-pledge-i-will-not-submit/| archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20090227042600/http://michellemalkin.com/2006/09/11/911-pledge-i-will-not-submit/| archivedate= 27 February 2009 <!--DASHBot-->| deadurl= no}} by [[Michelle Malkin]] September 11, 2006</ref>
+<ref>{{cite web|title = 9/11 pledge: "I will not submit"|publisher = [[Michelle Malkin]]|accessdate=March 3, 2009|url=http://michellemalkin.com/2006/09/11/911-pledge-i-will-not-submit/| archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20090227042600/http://michellemalkin.com/2006/09/11/911-pledge-i-will-not-submit/| archivedate= 27 February 2009 | url-status= live}} by [[Michelle Malkin]] September 11, 2006</ref>
 <ref>{{cite web|title = Seven years later: Remembrance and resolve|publisher = [[Michelle Malkin]]|accessdate=March 3, 2009|url=http://michellemalkin.com/2008/09/11/seven-years-later-remembrance-and-resolve/}} by [[Michelle Malkin]] September 11, 2008</ref>
@@ Line 65: / Line 75: @@
 [[Category:Arabic words and phrases]]
-[[Category:History of Islam]]
 [[Category:Islam and other religions]]
-[[Category:Muhammad]]
+[[Category:Life of Muhammad]]
 [[Category:Conversion to Islam]]
+[[Category:Islamic terminology]]