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{{Short description|Bishop of Ravenna}}
{{lead too short|date=July 2013}}
{{Infobox saint
{{Infobox saint
|honorific_prefix = [[Saint]]
|name=Saint Peter Chrysologus
|name=Peter Chrysologus
|birth_date=c. 380
|birth_date=c. 380
|death_date=July 31, 450
|death_date=31 July 450
|feast_day=July 30<br>December 4 ([[General Roman Calendar]] 1729-1969)<ref name=CR/>
|feast_day=30 July<br>4 December ([[General Roman Calendar]] 1729–1969)<ref name=CR/>
|venerated_in=[[Roman Catholic Church]], [[Eastern Orthodox Church]]
|venerated_in=[[Roman Catholic Church]], [[Eastern Orthodox Church]]
|image=Pedro crisologo01.jpg
|image=Pedro crisologo01.jpg
|imagesize=150px
|imagesize=150px
|caption=
|caption=
|birth_place=[[Imola]], [[Province of Bologna]], [[Emilia-Romagna]], North-Central [[Italy]]
|birth_place=[[Imola]], [[Roman Italy|Aemilia]], Roman Empire
|death_place=Imola, Province of Bologna, Emilia-Romagna region, North-Central Italy
|death_place=Imola, Aemilia, Roman Empire
|titles=Bishop, Confessor, and Doctor of the Church
|titles=Bishop, Confessor, and Doctor of the Church
|beatified_date=
|beatified_date=
Line 25: Line 26:
}}
}}


'''Peter Chrysologus''' ({{lang-el|Ἅγιος Πέτρος ὁ Χρυσολόγος}}, ''Petros Chrysologos'' meaning ''Peter the "golden-worded"'') (c. 380 – c. 450)<ref>The Liturgy of the Hours, Vol. III, pp. 1562.</ref> was [[Bishop of Ravenna]] from about 433 until his death.<ref>Michael Walsh, ed. "Butler's Lives of the Saints," New York: HarperCollins Publishers, 1991.</ref>
'''Peter Chrysologus''' ({{lang-el|Ἅγιος Πέτρος ὁ Χρυσολόγος}}, ''Petros Chrysologos'', "Peter the Golden-worded"; c. 380 – c. 450<ref>The Liturgy of the Hours, Vol. III, pp. 1562.</ref>) was [[Bishop of Ravenna]] from about 433 until his death.<ref>Michael Walsh, ed. "Butler's Lives of the Saints", New York: HarperCollins Publishers, 1991.</ref> He is known as the "Doctor of Homilies" for the concise but theologically rich reflections he delivered during his time as the Bishop of Ravenna.

During his life he was well known for his fine homilies.


He is revered as a [[saint]] by the [[Roman Catholic Church]] and the [[Eastern Orthodox Church]]; he was declared a [[Doctor of the Church]] by [[Pope Benedict XIII]] in 1729.
He is revered as a [[saint]] by the [[Roman Catholic Church]] and the [[Eastern Orthodox Church]]; he was declared a [[Doctor of the Church]] by [[Pope Benedict XIII]] in 1729.


==Life==
==Life==
Peter was born in [[Imola]], where Cornelius, bishop of [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Imola]], baptized him, educated him, and [[ordination|ordained]] him a [[deacon]]. He was made an [[archdeacon]] through the influence of Emperor [[Valentinian III]]. [[Pope Sixtus III]] appointed Peter as [[Bishop of Ravenna]] (or perhaps archbishop) circa 433, apparently rejecting the candidate whom the people of the city of [[Ravenna]] elected. The traditional account, as recorded in the [[Roman Breviary]], is that Sixtus had a vision of Pope [[Saint Peter]] the Apostle and Saint [[Apollinaris of Ravenna]], the first bishop of that see, who showed Sixtus a young man, the next Bishop of Ravenna. When a group from Ravenna arrived, including Cornelius and his archdeacon Peter from Imola, Sixtus recognized Peter as the young man in his vision and consecrated him as a bishop.<ref name="breviary.net">{{cite web |
Peter was born in [[Imola]], where Cornelius, bishop of the [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Imola]], baptized him, educated him, and [[ordination|ordained]] him a [[deacon]]. He was made an [[archdeacon]] through the influence of Emperor [[Valentinian III]]. [[Pope Sixtus III]] appointed Peter as [[Bishop of Ravenna]] circa 433, apparently rejecting the candidate whom the people of the city of [[Ravenna]] elected. At that time Ravenna was the capital of the West,<ref name=foley>[http://www.americancatholic.org/Features/Saints/saint.aspx?id=1092 Foley OFM, Leonard. "St. Peter Chrysologus", ''Saint of the Day'', (revised by Pat McCloskey OFM), Franciscan Media]</ref> and there are indications that Ravenna held the rank of metropolitan before this time.<ref name=Smith>[http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/11762c.htm Smith, Ignatius. "St. Peter Chrysologus." The Catholic Encyclopedia. Vol. 11. New York: Robert Appleton Company, 1911. 17 March 2015]</ref>
url=http://breviary.net/propsaints/propsaints12/propsaints1204.htm |
title=December 4|
work=[[Roman Breviary]]|
publisher=Confraternity of Ss. Peter and Paul|
accessdate=2010-06-28}}</ref>


The traditional account, as recorded in the [[Roman Breviary]], is that Sixtus had a vision of Pope [[Saint Peter|Peter]] the Apostle and [[Apollinaris of Ravenna]], the first bishop of that see, who showed Peter, a young man, the next Bishop of Ravenna. When a group from Ravenna arrived, including Cornelius and his archdeacon Peter from Imola, Sixtus recognized Peter as the young man in his vision and consecrated him as a bishop.<ref name="breviary.net">{{cite web|url=http://breviary.net/propsaints/propsaints12/propsaints1204.htm|title=December 4|work=[[Roman Breviary]]|publisher=Confraternity of Sts. Peter and Paul|access-date=2010-06-28|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101124130115/http://breviary.net/propsaints/propsaints12/propsaints1204.htm|archive-date=2010-11-24}}</ref><ref name=SHMI>{{cite book|author=Fr. Paolo O. Pirlo, SHMI|title=My First Book of Saints|year=1997|publisher=Sons of Holy Mary Immaculate – Quality Catholic Publications|isbn=971-91595-4-5|pages=163|chapter=St. Peter Chrysologus}}</ref>
People knew Saint Peter Chrysologus, ''the Doctor of Homilies'', for his short but inspired talks; he supposedly feared boring his audience. His piety and zeal won universal admiration. After hearing oratory of his first homily as bishop, Roman Empress [[Galla Placidia]] supposedly gave him the surname ''Chrysologus'', meaning "golden-worded." Empress Galla Placidia patronized many of projects of Bishop Saint Peter.


[[File:Saint Peter Chrysologus.jpg|thumb|Saint Peter Chrysologus, Diocesan Museum, Imola]]
⚫
In his extant homilies, bishop Peter explained Biblical texts briefly and concisely. He also condemned [[Arianism]] and [[Monophysitism]] as [[Heresy in Christianity|heresies]] and explained beautifully the [[Apostles' Creed]], the mystery of the [[Incarnation (Christianity)|Incarnation]], and other topics in simple and clear language. He dedicated a series of homilies to Saint [[John the Baptist]] and the [[Blessed Virgin Mary (Roman Catholic)|Blessed Virgin Mary]]. Peter advocated daily reception of [[Eucharist]]. He urged his listeners to confide in the forgiveness offered through Christ.<ref>Sermon 58, On the Creed, par. 13</ref><ref>Sermon 30, on Matthew 9:9ff, par. 5</ref><ref>Sermon 168 par. 3</ref> He shared the confidence of Saint [[Pope Leo I]] the Great (440-461), another doctor of the Church.
People knew Peter Chrysologus, ''the Doctor of Homilies'', for his very simple and short but inspired sermons, for he was afraid of fatiguing the attention of his hearers.<ref name=SHMI /> His piety and zeal won universal admiration. After hearing oratory of his first homily as bishop, Roman Empress [[Galla Placidia]] supposedly gave him the surname ''Chrysologus'', meaning "golden-worded." His sermons are historically significant in that they reveal Christian life in fifth-century Ravenna.<ref name=foley/> The Emperor's mother, Galla Placidia, patronized many projects of Bishop Peter.<ref name=cna>{{Cite web |url=http://www.catholicnewsagency.com/saint.php?n=546 |title="St. Peter Chrysologus", Catholic News Agency |access-date=2015-03-17 |archive-date=2017-09-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170903164259/http://www.catholicnewsagency.com/saint.php?n=546 |url-status=dead }}</ref>


⚫
In his extant homilies, Bishop Peter explained Biblical texts briefly and concisely. He also condemned [[Arianism]] and [[Monophysitism]] as [[Heresy in Christianity|heresies]] and explained the [[Apostles' Creed]], the mystery of the [[Incarnation (Christianity)|Incarnation]], and other topics in simple and clear language. He dedicated a series of homilies to [[John the Baptist]] and the [[Blessed Virgin Mary (Roman Catholic)|Blessed Virgin Mary]]. Peter advocated daily reception of [[Eucharist]]. He urged his listeners to confide in the forgiveness offered through Christ.<ref>Sermon 58, On the Creed, par. 13</ref><ref>Sermon 30, on Matthew 9:9ff, par. 5</ref><ref>Sermon 168 par. 3</ref> His surviving works attest to the Catholic Church's traditional beliefs about Mary's perpetual virginity, the penitential value of Lent, Christ's Eucharistic presence, and the primacy of St. Peter and his successors. He shared the confidence of [[Pope Leo I]] the Great (440-461), another Doctor of the Church.
⚫
A synod held in [[Constantinople]] in 448 condemned [[Eutyches]] for [[Monophysitism]]; Eutyches then appealed to Saint Peter Chrysologus but failed in his endeavour to win the support of the Bishop. The ''Acts of the [[Council of Chalcedon]]'' (451) preserves the text of letter of Saint Peter Chrysologus in response to Eutyches; Peter admonishes Eutyches to accept the ruling of the synod and to give obedience to the [[Bishop of Rome]] as the successor of [[Saint Peter]].


⚫
A synod held in [[Constantinople]] in 448 condemned [[Eutyches]] for [[Monophysitism]]; Eutyches then appealed to Peter Chrysologus but failed in his endeavour to win the support of the Bishop. The ''Acts of the [[Council of Chalcedon]]'' (451) preserves the text of letter of Peter Chrysologus in response to Eutyches; Peter admonishes Eutyches to accept the ruling of the synod and to give obedience to the [[Bishop of Rome]] as the successor of [[Saint Peter|Peter the Apostle]].
⚫
Archbishop [[Felix of Ravenna]] in the early eighth century collected and preserved 176 of his homilies. Various authors edited and translated these works into numerous languages.

⚫
Archbishop [[Felix of Ravenna]] in the early eighth century collected and preserved 176 of his homilies.<ref name=cna/> Various authors edited and translated these works into numerous languages.


==Death and veneration==
==Death and veneration==
St Peter died circa or after 450 during a visit to Imola, the town of his birth. Older reference books say he died on 2 December, but a more recent interpretation of the ninth-century ''"Liber Pontificalis Ecclesiae Ravennatis"'' indicated that he died on 31 July.<ref name=CR>"Calendarium Romanum" (Libreria Editrice Vaticana, 1969), p. 98</ref>
St Peter died circa or after 450 during a visit to Imola, the town of his birth. Older reference books say he died on 2 December, but a more recent interpretation of the ninth-century ''"Liber Pontificalis Ecclesiae Ravennatis"'' indicated that he died on 31 July.<ref name=CR>"Calendarium Romanum" (Libreria Editrice Vaticana, 1969), p. 98</ref>


When in 1729 he was declared a [[Doctor of the Church]], his [[feast day]], not already included in the [[Tridentine Calendar]], was inserted in the [[Roman Catholic calendar of saints]] for celebration on 4 December. In 1969 his feast was moved to 30 July, as close as possible to the day of his death, 31 July, the feast day of Saint [[Ignatius of Loyola]].
When in 1729 he was declared a [[Doctor of the Church]], his [[feast day]], not already included in the [[Tridentine calendar]], was inserted in the [[General Roman Calendar]] for celebration on 4 December. In 1969 his feast was moved to 30 July, as close as possible to the day of his death, 31 July, the feast day of [[Ignatius of Loyola]].


A contemporary portrait of Saint Peter Chrysologus, found in the mosaics of the [[San Giovanni Evangelista, Ravenna|Church of San Giovanni Evangelista]] in Ravenna, depicts him among the members of the eastern and western imperial family, showing his extraordinary influence.{{fact|date=June 2014}}
A contemporary portrait of Peter Chrysologus, found in the mosaics of the [[San Giovanni Evangelista, Ravenna|Church of San Giovanni Evangelista]] in Ravenna, depicts him among the members of the eastern and western imperial family, showing his extraordinary influence.<ref>{{cite web |title=Jul 30 – St Peter Chrysologus (d. 450) Bishop |url=https://www.catholicireland.net/saintoftheday/st-peter-chrysologus-d-450-bishop/ |website=Catholic Ireland |access-date=30 Nov 2022}}</ref>

=== Feast days:<ref>{{Cite web |title=Petrus „Chrysologus” - Ökumenisches Heiligenlexikon |url=https://www.heiligenlexikon.de/BiographienP/Petrus_Chrysologus.htm |access-date=2023-04-26 |website=www.heiligenlexikon.de |language=de}}</ref> ===

* 30 July – main commemoration,
* 2 December – [[death anniversary]] (older tradition),
* 3 December – orthodox commemoration
* 4 December – Traditional catholic commemoration

==Works==

While there are not many translations of his writings, some have begun to appear in recent years. Included are selected sermons translated by William Palardy and published by the Catholic University of America Press in 2014, as well as a recent 2020 volume from Routledge also translating a number of his sermons, translated by David Vincent Meconi Jr.

==See also==
* [[Portal:Catholicism/Patron Archive/July 30|Saint Peter Chrysologus, patron saint archive]]


==References==
==References==
{{Reflist|30em}}
<references/>


==Bibliography==
==Bibliography==
Line 62: Line 73:
* Looshorn, ''Der hl. Petrus Chrysologus und seine Schriflen in Zeitschrift f. kathol. Theol.'', III, 1879, pp.&nbsp;238 ff.
* Looshorn, ''Der hl. Petrus Chrysologus und seine Schriflen in Zeitschrift f. kathol. Theol.'', III, 1879, pp.&nbsp;238 ff.
* Wayman, ''Zu Petrus Chrysologus'' in ''Philologus'', LV (1896), pp.&nbsp;464 ff.
* Wayman, ''Zu Petrus Chrysologus'' in ''Philologus'', LV (1896), pp.&nbsp;464 ff.
* San Pietro Crisologo, ''Sermoni'', two volumes, Città Nuova, Roma 1997&nbsp;
* San Pietro Crisologo, ''Sermoni'', two volumes, Città Nuova, Roma 1997


==External links==
==External links==
*[http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/11762c.htm Catholic Encyclopedia: ''St. Peter Chrysologus'']
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20020127155008/http://www.doctorsofthecatholicchurch.com/PC.html St. Peter Chrysologus]
*[http://www.tntt.org/vni/tlieu/saints/St0730.htm July 30 Saint]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20080330124154/http://saints.sqpn.com/saintp41.htm Patron Saints Index: ''Saint Peter Chrysologus'']
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20010420103611/http://www.tntt.org/vni/tlieu/saints/St0730.htm Saint of the Day: 30 July]
*[http://www.doctorsofthecatholicchurch.com/PC.html St. Peter Chrysologus]
*[http://saints.sqpn.com/saintp41.htm Patron Saints Index: ''Saint Peter Chrysologus'']


{{Churchdoctor}}
{{Catholic saints}}
{{Catholic saints}}


{{Authority control|VIAF=102061393}}
{{Authority control}}


{{Persondata <!-- Metadata: see [[Wikipedia:Persondata]]. -->
| NAME = Peter Chrysologus
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES =
| SHORT DESCRIPTION = Bishop of Ravenna
| DATE OF BIRTH = 380
| PLACE OF BIRTH = [[Imola]], [[Province of Bologna]], [[Emilia-Romagna]], North-Central [[Italy]]
| DATE OF DEATH = 450
| PLACE OF DEATH = Imola, Province of Bologna, Emilia-Romagna region, North-Central Italy
}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Peter Chrysologus}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Peter Chrysologus}}
[[Category:380 births]]
[[Category:380 births]]
[[Category:450 deaths]]
[[Category:450 deaths]]
[[Category:5th-century bishops]]
[[Category:5th-century Italian bishops]]
[[Category:5th-century Christian saints]]
[[Category:5th-century Christian saints]]
[[Category:5th-century Romans]]
[[Category:Bishops of Ravenna]]
[[Category:Archbishops of Ravenna]]
[[Category:Church Fathers]]
[[Category:Church Fathers]]
[[Category:Doctors of the Church]]
[[Category:Doctors of the Church]]
[[Category:Italian saints]]
[[Category:Italian saints]]
[[Category:People from Imola]]
[[Category:People from Imola]]
[[Category:5th-century writers in Latin]]
[[Category:Letter writers in Latin]]

Latest revision as of 12:10, 30 December 2023

Saint

Peter Chrysologus
Bishop, Confessor, and Doctor of the Church
Bornc. 380
Imola, Aemilia, Roman Empire
Died31 July 450
Imola, Aemilia, Roman Empire
Venerated inRoman Catholic Church, Eastern Orthodox Church
CanonizedPre-Congregation
Feast30 July
4 December (General Roman Calendar 1729–1969)[1]

Peter Chrysologus (Greek: Ἅγιος Πέτρος ὁ Χρυσολόγος, Petros Chrysologos, "Peter the Golden-worded"; c. 380 – c. 450[2]) was Bishop of Ravenna from about 433 until his death.[3] He is known as the "Doctor of Homilies" for the concise but theologically rich reflections he delivered during his time as the Bishop of Ravenna.

He is revered as a saint by the Roman Catholic Church and the Eastern Orthodox Church; he was declared a Doctor of the Church by Pope Benedict XIII in 1729.

Life

[edit]

Peter was born in Imola, where Cornelius, bishop of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Imola, baptized him, educated him, and ordained him a deacon. He was made an archdeacon through the influence of Emperor Valentinian III. Pope Sixtus III appointed Peter as Bishop of Ravenna circa 433, apparently rejecting the candidate whom the people of the city of Ravenna elected. At that time Ravenna was the capital of the West,[4] and there are indications that Ravenna held the rank of metropolitan before this time.[5]

The traditional account, as recorded in the Roman Breviary, is that Sixtus had a vision of Pope Peter the Apostle and Apollinaris of Ravenna, the first bishop of that see, who showed Peter, a young man, the next Bishop of Ravenna. When a group from Ravenna arrived, including Cornelius and his archdeacon Peter from Imola, Sixtus recognized Peter as the young man in his vision and consecrated him as a bishop.[6][7]

Saint Peter Chrysologus, Diocesan Museum, Imola

People knew Peter Chrysologus, the Doctor of Homilies, for his very simple and short but inspired sermons, for he was afraid of fatiguing the attention of his hearers.[7] His piety and zeal won universal admiration. After hearing oratory of his first homily as bishop, Roman Empress Galla Placidia supposedly gave him the surname Chrysologus, meaning "golden-worded." His sermons are historically significant in that they reveal Christian life in fifth-century Ravenna.[4] The Emperor's mother, Galla Placidia, patronized many projects of Bishop Peter.[8]

In his extant homilies, Bishop Peter explained Biblical texts briefly and concisely. He also condemned Arianism and Monophysitism as heresies and explained the Apostles' Creed, the mystery of the Incarnation, and other topics in simple and clear language. He dedicated a series of homilies to John the Baptist and the Blessed Virgin Mary. Peter advocated daily reception of Eucharist. He urged his listeners to confide in the forgiveness offered through Christ.[9][10][11] His surviving works attest to the Catholic Church's traditional beliefs about Mary's perpetual virginity, the penitential value of Lent, Christ's Eucharistic presence, and the primacy of St. Peter and his successors. He shared the confidence of Pope Leo I the Great (440-461), another Doctor of the Church.

A synod held in Constantinople in 448 condemned Eutyches for Monophysitism; Eutyches then appealed to Peter Chrysologus but failed in his endeavour to win the support of the Bishop. The Acts of the Council of Chalcedon (451) preserves the text of letter of Peter Chrysologus in response to Eutyches; Peter admonishes Eutyches to accept the ruling of the synod and to give obedience to the Bishop of Rome as the successor of Peter the Apostle.

Archbishop Felix of Ravenna in the early eighth century collected and preserved 176 of his homilies.[8] Various authors edited and translated these works into numerous languages.

Death and veneration

[edit]

St Peter died circa or after 450 during a visit to Imola, the town of his birth. Older reference books say he died on 2 December, but a more recent interpretation of the ninth-century "Liber Pontificalis Ecclesiae Ravennatis" indicated that he died on 31 July.[1]

When in 1729 he was declared a Doctor of the Church, his feast day, not already included in the Tridentine calendar, was inserted in the General Roman Calendar for celebration on 4 December. In 1969 his feast was moved to 30 July, as close as possible to the day of his death, 31 July, the feast day of Ignatius of Loyola.

A contemporary portrait of Peter Chrysologus, found in the mosaics of the Church of San Giovanni Evangelista in Ravenna, depicts him among the members of the eastern and western imperial family, showing his extraordinary influence.[12]

Feast days:[13]

[edit]
  • 30 July – main commemoration,
  • 2 December – death anniversary (older tradition),
  • 3 December – orthodox commemoration
  • 4 December – Traditional catholic commemoration

Works

[edit]

While there are not many translations of his writings, some have begun to appear in recent years. Included are selected sermons translated by William Palardy and published by the Catholic University of America Press in 2014, as well as a recent 2020 volume from Routledge also translating a number of his sermons, translated by David Vincent Meconi Jr.

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b "Calendarium Romanum" (Libreria Editrice Vaticana, 1969), p. 98
  2. ^ The Liturgy of the Hours, Vol. III, pp. 1562.
  3. ^ Michael Walsh, ed. "Butler's Lives of the Saints", New York: HarperCollins Publishers, 1991.
  4. ^ a b Foley OFM, Leonard. "St. Peter Chrysologus", Saint of the Day, (revised by Pat McCloskey OFM), Franciscan Media
  5. ^ Smith, Ignatius. "St. Peter Chrysologus." The Catholic Encyclopedia. Vol. 11. New York: Robert Appleton Company, 1911. 17 March 2015
  6. ^ "December 4". Roman Breviary. Confraternity of Sts. Peter and Paul. Archived from the original on 2010-11-24. Retrieved 2010-06-28.
  7. ^ a b Fr. Paolo O. Pirlo, SHMI (1997). "St. Peter Chrysologus". My First Book of Saints. Sons of Holy Mary Immaculate – Quality Catholic Publications. p. 163. ISBN 971-91595-4-5.
  8. ^ a b ""St. Peter Chrysologus", Catholic News Agency". Archived from the original on 2017-09-03. Retrieved 2015-03-17.
  9. ^ Sermon 58, On the Creed, par. 13
  10. ^ Sermon 30, on Matthew 9:9ff, par. 5
  11. ^ Sermon 168 par. 3
  12. ^ "Jul 30 – St Peter Chrysologus (d. 450) Bishop". Catholic Ireland. Retrieved 30 Nov 2022.
  13. ^ "Petrus „Chrysologus" - Ökumenisches Heiligenlexikon". www.heiligenlexikon.de (in German). Retrieved 2023-04-26.

Bibliography

[edit]
  • Otto Bardenhewer, Patrology, tr. Shanan, pp. 526 ff.
  • Dapper, Der hl. Petrus von Ravenna Chrysologus, Posen, 1871
  • Looshorn, Der hl. Petrus Chrysologus und seine Schriflen in Zeitschrift f. kathol. Theol., III, 1879, pp. 238 ff.
  • Wayman, Zu Petrus Chrysologus in Philologus, LV (1896), pp. 464 ff.
  • San Pietro Crisologo, Sermoni, two volumes, Città Nuova, Roma 1997
[edit]
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