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During the 2009 apparition the comet got as bright as apparent magnitude 8.<ref name="Yoshida-88p"/><ref name=COBS/>
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{{short description|Periodic comet with 5 year orbit}}
{{Short description|Periodic comet with 5 year orbit}}
{{Infobox Comet
{{Infobox comet
| name=88P/Howell
| name=88P/Howell
| image= 88P 2020-06-09 NEOWISE image 3-color.png
| image=
| discoverer=[[Ellen Howell]]
| discoverer=[[Ellen Howell]]
| discovery_date=August 29, 1981
| discovery_date=August 29, 1981
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| period=5.5 [[Julian year (astronomy)|yr]]
| period=5.5 [[Julian year (astronomy)|yr]]
| inclination= 4.3831°
| inclination= 4.3831°
| Earth_moid={{Convert|0.35|AU|e6km LD|abbr=unit|lk=on}}
⚫
| last_p=April 6, 2015<ref name="Yoshida-88p"/><ref name="imcce"/>
| Jupiter_moid={{Convert|0.46|AU|e6km|abbr=unit|lk=off}}
⚫
| next_p=2020-Sep-26<ref name=MPC/>
⚫
| last_p=2020-Sep-26<ref name=MPC/><br/>April 6, 2015<ref name="Yoshida-88p"/><ref name="imcce"/>
⚫
| next_p=2026-03-18<ref name=MPC/>
| dimensions=4.4 km<ref name=jpl-close/>
| dimensions=4.4 km<ref name=jpl-close/>
}}
}}


'''88P/Howell''' is a [[List of periodic comets|periodic]] [[comet]] with a 5.5 year [[orbital period]]. It was discovered on 29 August 1981.<ref name="Kronk"/> In 1975 the comet's [[perihelion]] (closest approach to the Sun) was 1.9 [[Astronomical Unit|AU]],<ref name=MPC/> but a close approach to Jupiter in 1978<ref name=jpl-close/> [[Perturbation (astronomy)|perturbed]] the perihelion distance closer to the Sun. During the 2009 apparition the comet got as bright as [[apparent magnitude]] 8.<ref name="Yoshida-88p"/><ref name=COBS/>
'''88P/Howell''' is a [[List of periodic comets|periodic]] [[comet]] with a 5.5 year [[orbital period]]. It was discovered on 29 August 1981, by [[Ellen Howell]].<ref name="Kronk"/> In 1975 the comet's [[perihelion]] (closest approach to the Sun) was 1.9 [[Astronomical Unit|AU]],<ref name=MPC/> but a close approach to Jupiter in 1978<ref name=jpl-close/> [[Perturbation (astronomy)|perturbed]] the perihelion distance closer to the Sun. During the 2009 apparition the comet became as bright as [[apparent magnitude]] 8.<ref name="Yoshida-88p"/><ref name=COBS/>


It last came to perihelion on 6 April 2015; the next perihelion will be on 26 September 2020.<ref name="Yoshida-88p"/> On 14 September 2031 the comet will pass {{convert|0.074|AU|e6km e6mi|abbr=unit|lk=on}} from Mars.<ref name=jpl-close/> Between 2000–2050 the closest the comet will come to Earth is {{convert|0.76|AU|e6km e6mi|abbr=unit|lk=off}} in June 2042.
It last came to perihelion on 6 April 2015; the next perihelion will be on 26 September 2020.<ref name="Yoshida-88p"/> On 14 September 2031 the comet will pass {{convert|0.074|AU|e6km e6mi|abbr=unit|lk=on}} from Mars.<ref name=jpl-close/> Between 2000–2050 the closest the comet will come to Earth is {{convert|0.76|AU|e6km e6mi|abbr=unit|lk=off}} in June 2042.


In response to [[New Frontiers program]] call for Mission 4, a team from [[Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory]] (JHUAPL) submitted a mission concept proposal called [[Comet Rendezvous, Sample Acquisition, Investigation, and Return]] (CORSAIR) that would perform a sample return from comet 88P/Howell.<ref name="MS 2017">[https://www.hou.usra.edu/meetings/metsoc2017/pdf/6125.pdf CORSAIR (COmet Rendezvous, Sample Acquisition, Investigation, and Return): A New Frontiers Mission Concept to Collect Samples from a Comet and Return them to Earth for Study] (PDF). S. A. Sandford, N. L. Chabot, N. Dello Russo, J. C. Leary, E. L. Reynolds, H. A. Weaver, D. H. Wooden. 80th Annual Meeting of the Meteoritical Society 2017 (LPI Contrib. No. 1987).</ref><ref name="2017 Proposals">{{cite news |url=http://futureplanets.blogspot.com/2017/08/proposed-new-frontiers-missions.html |title=Proposed New Frontiers Missions |work=Future Planetary Exploration |date=4 August 2017 |accessdate=2017-09-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170920093515/http://futureplanets.blogspot.com/2017/08/proposed-new-frontiers-missions.html |archive-date=20 September 2017 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
In response to [[New Frontiers program]] call for Mission 4, a team from [[Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory]] (JHUAPL) submitted a mission concept proposal called [[Comet Rendezvous, Sample Acquisition, Investigation, and Return]] (CORSAIR) that would perform a sample return from comet 88P/Howell.<ref name="MS 2017">[https://www.hou.usra.edu/meetings/metsoc2017/pdf/6125.pdf CORSAIR (COmet Rendezvous, Sample Acquisition, Investigation, and Return): A New Frontiers Mission Concept to Collect Samples from a Comet and Return them to Earth for Study] (PDF). S. A. Sandford, N. L. Chabot, N. Dello Russo, J. C. Leary, E. L. Reynolds, H. A. Weaver, D. H. Wooden. 80th Annual Meeting of the Meteoritical Society 2017 (LPI Contrib. No. 1987).</ref><ref name="2017 Proposals">{{cite news |url=http://futureplanets.blogspot.com/2017/08/proposed-new-frontiers-missions.html |title=Proposed New Frontiers Missions |work=Future Planetary Exploration |date=4 August 2017 |access-date=2017-09-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170920093515/http://futureplanets.blogspot.com/2017/08/proposed-new-frontiers-missions.html |archive-date=20 September 2017 |url-status=dead }}</ref>


During the 2020 apparition the comet has brightened to about [[apparent magnitude]] 10.7<ref name=COBS/> and should reach magnitude 9.<ref name="Yoshida-88p"/>
During the 2020 apparition the comet has brightened to about [[apparent magnitude]] 10.7<ref name=COBS/> and should reach magnitude 9.<ref name="Yoshida-88p"/>
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|author=Seiichi Yoshida
|author=Seiichi Yoshida
|url=http://www.aerith.net/comet/catalog/0088P/index.html
|url=http://www.aerith.net/comet/catalog/0088P/index.html
|accessdate=2010-03-01}}</ref>
|access-date=2010-03-01}}</ref>


<ref name="imcce">{{cite web
<ref name="imcce">{{cite web
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|author=Patrick Rocher
|author=Patrick Rocher
|url=http://www.imcce.fr/en/ephemerides/donnees/comets/FICH/CIF0081.php#elpsui
|url=http://www.imcce.fr/en/ephemerides/donnees/comets/FICH/CIF0081.php#elpsui
|accessdate=2012-02-19}}</ref>
|access-date=2012-02-19}}</ref>


<ref name="Kronk">{{cite web
<ref name="Kronk">{{cite web
|title=88P/Howell
|title=88P/Howell
|first=Gary W |last=Kronk |authorlink=Gary W. Kronk
|first=Gary W |last=Kronk |author-link=Gary W. Kronk
|work=Cometography
|work=Cometography
|url=http://cometography.com/pcomets/088p.html
|url=http://cometography.com/pcomets/088p.html
|accessdate=2014-11-01}}</ref>
|access-date=2014-11-01}}</ref>


<ref name=MPC>{{cite web
<ref name=MPC>{{cite web
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|url=http://www.minorplanetcenter.net/db_search/show_object?object_id=88P
|url=http://www.minorplanetcenter.net/db_search/show_object?object_id=88P
|publisher=[[Minor Planet Center]]
|publisher=[[Minor Planet Center]]
|accessdate=2014-11-01}}</ref>
|access-date=2014-11-01}}</ref>


<ref name=jpl-close>{{cite web
<ref name=jpl-close>{{cite web
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|title=JPL Close-Approach Data: 88P/Howell
|title=JPL Close-Approach Data: 88P/Howell
|url=http://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/sbdb.cgi?sstr=88P;cad=1#cad
|url=http://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/sbdb.cgi?sstr=88P;cad=1#cad
|accessdate=2014-10-27}}</ref>
|access-date=2014-10-27}}</ref>


<ref name=COBS>{{cite web
<ref name=COBS>{{cite web
|title=88P/Howell plot at Comet Observation database (COBS)
|title=88P/Howell plot at Comet Observation database (COBS)
|url=https://cobs.si/analysis2?col=comet_id&id=74&plot_type=0
|url=https://cobs.si/analysis2?col=comet_id&id=74&plot_type=0
|accessdate=2020-07-17}}</ref>
|access-date=2020-07-17}}</ref>


}}
}}


== External links ==
== External links ==
* [http://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/sbdb.cgi?sstr=88P;orb=1 Orbital simulation] from JPL (Java) / [http://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/horizons.cgi?find_body=1&body_group=sb&sstr=88P Horizons Ephemeris]
* [https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/sbdb.cgi?sstr=88P;orb=1 Orbital simulation] from JPL (Java) / [http://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/horizons.cgi?find_body=1&body_group=sb&sstr=88P Horizons Ephemeris]
* [http://cometography.com/pcomets/088p.html 88P at Kronk's Cometography]
* [http://cometography.com/pcomets/088p.html 88P at Kronk's Cometography]
* [http://cometbase.net/en/observation/listObserv/164 88P at CometBase database]
* [http://cometbase.net/en/observation/listObserv/164 88P at CometBase database]


⚫
{{Comets}}
{{PeriodicComets Navigator|87P/Bus|89P/Russell}}
{{PeriodicComets Navigator|87P/Bus|89P/Russell}}
⚫
{{Comets}}


{{DEFAULTSORT:Howell, P088}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Howell, P088}}
[[Category:Periodic comets]]
[[Category:Periodic comets]]
[[Category:Numbered comets|0088]]
[[Category:Comets in 2015|20150406]]
[[Category:Comets in 2015|20150406]]
[[Category:Comets in 2020]]
[[Category:Comets in 2020]]

Latest revision as of 16:13, 24 December 2023

88P/Howell
Discovery
Discovered byEllen Howell
Discovery dateAugust 29, 1981
Designations
1981 X; 1987 VI; 1993 II
Orbital characteristics
EpochMarch 6, 2006
Aphelion4.865 AU
Perihelion1.366 AU
Semi-major axis3.116 AU
Eccentricity0.5615
Orbital period5.5 yr
Inclination4.3831°
Last perihelion2020-Sep-26[1]
April 6, 2015[2][3]
Next perihelion2026-03-18[1]
Earth MOID0.35 AU (52 million km; 140 LD)
Jupiter MOID0.46 AU (69 million km)
Physical characteristics
Dimensions4.4 km[4]

88P/Howell is a periodic comet with a 5.5 year orbital period. It was discovered on 29 August 1981, by Ellen Howell.[5] In 1975 the comet's perihelion (closest approach to the Sun) was 1.9 AU,[1] but a close approach to Jupiter in 1978[4] perturbed the perihelion distance closer to the Sun. During the 2009 apparition the comet became as bright as apparent magnitude 8.[2][6]

It last came to perihelion on 6 April 2015; the next perihelion will be on 26 September 2020.[2] On 14 September 2031 the comet will pass 0.074 AU (11.1 million km; 6.9 million mi) from Mars.[4] Between 2000–2050 the closest the comet will come to Earth is 0.76 AU (114 million km; 71 million mi) in June 2042.

In response to New Frontiers program call for Mission 4, a team from Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory (JHUAPL) submitted a mission concept proposal called Comet Rendezvous, Sample Acquisition, Investigation, and Return (CORSAIR) that would perform a sample return from comet 88P/Howell.[7][8]

During the 2020 apparition the comet has brightened to about apparent magnitude 10.7[6] and should reach magnitude 9.[2]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b c "88P/Howell Orbit". Minor Planet Center. Retrieved 2014-11-01.
  2. ^ a b c d Seiichi Yoshida (2011-07-22). "88P/Howell". Seiichi Yoshida's Comet Catalog. Retrieved 2010-03-01.
  3. ^ Patrick Rocher (February 6, 2011). "Note number : 0081 P/Howell : 88P". Institut de mécanique céleste et de calcul des éphémérides. Retrieved 2012-02-19.
  4. ^ a b c "JPL Close-Approach Data: 88P/Howell" (last observation: 2014-04-08; arc: 11.18 years). Retrieved 2014-10-27.
  5. ^ Kronk, Gary W. "88P/Howell". Cometography. Retrieved 2014-11-01.
  6. ^ a b "88P/Howell plot at Comet Observation database (COBS)". Retrieved 2020-07-17.
  7. ^ CORSAIR (COmet Rendezvous, Sample Acquisition, Investigation, and Return): A New Frontiers Mission Concept to Collect Samples from a Comet and Return them to Earth for Study (PDF). S. A. Sandford, N. L. Chabot, N. Dello Russo, J. C. Leary, E. L. Reynolds, H. A. Weaver, D. H. Wooden. 80th Annual Meeting of the Meteoritical Society 2017 (LPI Contrib. No. 1987).
  8. ^ "Proposed New Frontiers Missions". Future Planetary Exploration. 4 August 2017. Archived from the original on 20 September 2017. Retrieved 2017-09-20.
[edit]


Numbered comets
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87P/Bus 		88P/Howell Next
89P/Russell


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