1854 in the United States: Difference between revisions
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{{Yearbox US|1854}} |
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{{Year in U.S. states and territories|1854}} |
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{{Use mdy dates|date=February 2023}} |
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{{Use American English|date=February 2023}} |
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Events from the year '''1854 in the |
Events from the year '''1854 in the United States'''. |
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== Incumbents == |
== Incumbents == |
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=== [[Federal government of the United States|Federal |
=== [[Federal government of the United States|Federal government]] === |
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* [[President of the United States|President]]: [[Franklin Pierce]] ([[Democratic Party (United States)|D]]-[[New Hampshire]]) |
* [[President of the United States|President]]: [[Franklin Pierce]] ([[Democratic Party (United States)|D]]-[[New Hampshire]]) |
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* [[Vice President of the United States|Vice President]]: ''vacant'' |
* [[Vice President of the United States|Vice President]]: ''vacant'' |
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{| class="wikitable collapsible collapsed" |
{| class="wikitable collapsible collapsed" |
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! [[Governor (United States)|Governor]]s and [[Lieutenant governor (United States)| |
! [[Governor (United States)|Governor]]s and [[Lieutenant governor (United States)|lieutenant governor]]s |
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=== Governors === |
=== Governors === |
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{{columns-list|colwidth=30em| |
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* [[Governor of Alabama]]: [[John A. Winston]] ([[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]]) |
* [[Governor of Alabama]]: [[John A. Winston]] ([[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]]) |
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* [[Governor of Arkansas]]: [[Elias Nelson Conway]] ([[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]]) |
* [[Governor of Arkansas]]: [[Elias Nelson Conway]] ([[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]]) |
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* [[Governor of California]]: [[John Bigler]] ([[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]]) |
* [[Governor of California]]: [[John Bigler]] ([[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]]) |
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* [[Governor of Connecticut]]: [[Charles H. Pond]] ([[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]]) (until May 3), [[Henry Dutton]] ([[Whig Party (United States)|Whig]]) (starting May 3) |
* [[Governor of Connecticut]]: [[Charles H. Pond]] ([[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]]) (until May 3), [[Henry Dutton (politician)|Henry Dutton]] ([[Whig Party (United States)|Whig]]) (starting May 3) |
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* [[Governor of Delaware]]: [[William H. H. Ross]] ([[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]]) |
* [[Governor of Delaware]]: [[William H. H. Ross]] ([[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]]) |
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* [[Governor of Florida]]: [[James E. Broome]] ([[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]]) |
* [[Governor of Florida]]: [[James E. Broome]] ([[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]]) |
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* [[Governor of Maryland]]: [[Enoch Louis Lowe]] ([[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]]) (until January 11), [[Thomas W. Ligon]] ([[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]]) (starting January 11) |
* [[Governor of Maryland]]: [[Enoch Louis Lowe]] ([[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]]) (until January 11), [[Thomas W. Ligon]] ([[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]]) (starting January 11) |
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* [[Governor of Massachusetts]]: [[John H. Clifford]] ([[Whig Party (United States)|Whig]]) (until January 12), [[Emory Washburn]] ([[Whig Party (United States)|Whig]]) (starting January 12) |
* [[Governor of Massachusetts]]: [[John H. Clifford]] ([[Whig Party (United States)|Whig]]) (until January 12), [[Emory Washburn]] ([[Whig Party (United States)|Whig]]) (starting January 12) |
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* [[Governor of Michigan]]: [[Andrew Parsons]] ([[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]]) |
* [[Governor of Michigan]]: [[Andrew Parsons (American politician)|Andrew Parsons]] ([[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]]) |
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* [[Governor of Mississippi]]: |
* [[Governor of Mississippi]]: |
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** until January 5: [[Henry S. Foote]] ([[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]]) |
** until January 5: [[Henry S. Foote]] ([[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]]) |
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}} |
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=== Lieutenant |
=== Lieutenant governors === |
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* [[Lieutenant Governor of California]]: [[Samuel Purdy]] ([[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]]) |
* [[Lieutenant Governor of California]]: [[Samuel Purdy]] ([[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]]) |
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* [[Lieutenant Governor of Connecticut]]: vacant (until May 3), [[Alexander H. Holley]] ([[Whig Party (United States)|Whig]]) (starting May 3) |
* [[Lieutenant Governor of Connecticut]]: vacant (until May 3), [[Alexander H. Holley]] ([[Whig Party (United States)|Whig]]) (starting May 3) |
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* [[Lieutenant Governor of Indiana]]: [[Ashbel P. Willard]] ([[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]]) |
* [[Lieutenant Governor of Indiana]]: [[Ashbel P. Willard]] ([[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]]) |
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* [[Lieutenant Governor of Kentucky]]: vacant |
* [[Lieutenant Governor of Kentucky]]: vacant |
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* [[Lieutenant Governor of Louisiana]]: William Wood Farmer ([[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]]) (starting month and day unknown), [[Robert C. Wickliffe]] ([[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]]) (starting month and day unknown) |
* [[Lieutenant Governor of Louisiana]]: [[William Wood Farmer]] ([[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]]) (starting month and day unknown), [[Robert C. Wickliffe]] ([[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]]) (starting month and day unknown) |
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* [[Lieutenant Governor of Massachusetts]]: [[Elisha Huntington]] ([[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]]) (starting month and day unknown), [[William C. Plunkett]] ([[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]]) (starting month and day unknown) |
* [[Lieutenant Governor of Massachusetts]]: [[Elisha Huntington]] ([[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]]) (starting month and day unknown), [[William C. Plunkett]] ([[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]]) (starting month and day unknown) |
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* [[Lieutenant Governor of Michigan]]: [[George Griswold]] ([[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]]) |
* [[Lieutenant Governor of Michigan]]: [[George Griswold]] ([[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]]) |
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* [[Lieutenant Governor of Ohio]]: vacant (until January 9), [[James Myers (politician)|James Myers]] ([[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]]) (starting January 9) |
* [[Lieutenant Governor of Ohio]]: vacant (until January 9), [[James Myers (politician)|James Myers]] ([[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]]) (starting January 9) |
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* [[Lieutenant Governor of Rhode Island]]: [[Francis M. Dimond]] ([[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]]) (until May 2), John J. Reynolds (political party unknown) (starting May 2) |
* [[Lieutenant Governor of Rhode Island]]: [[Francis M. Dimond]] ([[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]]) (until May 2), John J. Reynolds (political party unknown) (starting May 2) |
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* [[Lieutenant Governor of South Carolina]]: Richard de Treville ([[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]]) |
* [[Lieutenant Governor of South Carolina]]: James Irby ([[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]]) (until December 11), Richard de Treville ([[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]]) (starting December 11) |
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* [[Lieutenant Governor of Texas]]: [[David Catchings Dickson]] ([[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]]) |
* [[Lieutenant Governor of Texas]]: [[David Catchings Dickson]] ([[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]]) |
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* [[Lieutenant Governor of Vermont]]: [[Jefferson P. Kidder]] ([[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]]) (until October 13), [[Ryland Fletcher]] ([[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]]) (starting October 13) |
* [[Lieutenant Governor of Vermont]]: [[Jefferson P. Kidder]] ([[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]]) (until October 13), [[Ryland Fletcher]] ([[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]]) (starting October 13) |
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* February 28 – The [[Black Warrior Affair|''Black Warrior'' Affair]]: A ship destined for [[New York City]] is detained in [[Havana]], [[Cuba]] (under Spanish control at the time). The incident strains [[Spain–United States relations#Cuba|U.S.–Spanish relations]]. |
* February 28 – The [[Black Warrior Affair|''Black Warrior'' Affair]]: A ship destined for [[New York City]] is detained in [[Havana]], [[Cuba]] (under Spanish control at the time). The incident strains [[Spain–United States relations#Cuba|U.S.–Spanish relations]]. |
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* March 20 |
* March 20 |
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** Anti-slavery |
** Anti-slavery activists of the [[Kansas–Nebraska Act]] meeting at the [[Little White Schoolhouse]] in [[Ripon, Wisconsin]] form the [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican Party]]. |
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** The [[Boston Public Library]] opens to the public. |
** The [[Boston Public Library]] opens to the public. |
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* March 30 – [[Battle of Cieneguilla]]: The U.S. [[1st Cavalry Regiment (United States)|First Regiment of Dragoons]] attacks a larger force of [[Jicarilla Apache]] and [[Ute people|Ute]] Native Americans near present-day [[Pilar, New Mexico]]. The Americans are forced to retreat after losing more than half their number. |
* March 30 – [[Battle of Cieneguilla]]: The U.S. [[1st Cavalry Regiment (United States)|First Regiment of Dragoons]] attacks a larger force of [[Jicarilla Apache]] and [[Ute people|Ute]] Native Americans near present-day [[Pilar, New Mexico]]. The Americans are forced to retreat after losing more than half their number. |
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* April 16 – The American [[packet ship]] ''[[Powhattan (1854)|Powhattan]]'' is wrecked off the shore of [[New Jersey]] with a loss of more than 200 lives. |
* April 16 – The American [[packet ship]] ''[[Powhattan (1854)|Powhattan]]'' is wrecked off the shore of [[New Jersey]] with a loss of more than 200 lives. |
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* May – [[Elisha Otis]] publicly debuts his safety elevator at the [[Exhibition of the Industry of All Nations|New York World's Fair]].<ref>[http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/today/sep20.html Today in History: September 20], The Library of Congress, American Memory.</ref> |
* May – [[Elisha Otis]] publicly debuts his safety elevator at the [[Exhibition of the Industry of All Nations|New York World's Fair]].<ref>[http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/today/sep20.html Today in History: September 20], The Library of Congress, American Memory.</ref> |
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* May 24 – Slave Runaway [[Anthony Burns]] is arrested in Boston, MA and soon thereafter (June 2) shipped back to Virginia–back into a life of slavery. Abolitionists of the North would be infuriated. |
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* May 27 – [[Taiping Rebellion]]: United States [[Minister (diplomacy)|minister]] [[Robert Milligan McLane|Robert McLane]] arrives at [[Nanjing]] aboard the [[U.S. Navy]] warship [[USS Susquehanna (1847)|USS ''Susquehanna'']]. |
* May 27 – [[Taiping Rebellion]]: United States [[Minister (diplomacy)|minister]] [[Robert Milligan McLane|Robert McLane]] arrives at [[Nanjing]] aboard the [[U.S. Navy]] warship [[USS Susquehanna (1847)|USS ''Susquehanna'']]. |
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* May 30 – The [[Kansas–Nebraska Act]] is signed into law, creating [[Kansas Territory]] and [[Nebraska Territory]], opening new lands, repealing the [[Missouri Compromise]] of 1820, and allowing settlers in those territories to determine if they would allow slavery within their boundaries. |
* May 30 – The [[Kansas–Nebraska Act]] is signed into law, creating [[Kansas Territory]] and [[Nebraska Territory]], opening new lands, repealing the [[Missouri Compromise]] of 1820, and allowing settlers in those territories to determine if they would allow slavery within their boundaries. |
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[[File:Kansasterritory.PNG|thumb|right|Kansas Territory]] |
[[File:Kansasterritory.PNG|thumb|right|Kansas Territory]] |
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[[File:Nebraskaterritory.PNG|thumb|right|Nebraska Territory]] |
[[File:Nebraskaterritory.PNG|thumb|right|Nebraska Territory]] |
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* July 4 – [[Henry David Thoreau]] delivers his fierce speech, [[Slavery in Massachusetts]] in [[Framingham, Massachusetts|Framingham, MA]], harping on American politicians and journalists, all the while calling for action against the injustice of slavery within the Union. |
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* July 6 – In [[Jackson, Michigan]], the first convention of the [[United States |
* July 6 – In [[Jackson, Michigan]], the first convention of the [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican Party]] is held. |
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* July 8 – An [[Bath, Maine anti-Catholic riot of 1854|anti-Catholic riot in Bath, Maine]], destroys a church used by [[Irish Catholic]]s. |
* July 8 – An [[Bath, Maine anti-Catholic riot of 1854|anti-Catholic riot in Bath, Maine]], destroys a church used by [[Irish Catholic]]s. |
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* July 13 – [[Bombardment of San Juan del Norte]]: The [[USS Cyane (1837)|USS ''Cyane'']] attacks [[San Juan del Norte]], [[Nicaragua]]. |
* July 13 – [[Bombardment of San Juan del Norte]]: The [[USS Cyane (1837)|USS ''Cyane'']] attacks [[San Juan del Norte]], [[Nicaragua]]. |
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* August 7–8 – [[Know Nothing]]s riot against immigrants in [[St. Louis, Missouri]], leading to 10 deaths.<ref>[http://www.stltoday.com/news/local/metro/article_78dee830-3ae0-51e0-b711-86de17d1d2d9.html "Irish immigrants fight back in 1854 nativist riots"], stltoday.com</ref> |
* August 7–8 – [[Know Nothing]]s riot against immigrants in [[St. Louis, Missouri]], leading to 10 deaths.<ref>[http://www.stltoday.com/news/local/metro/article_78dee830-3ae0-51e0-b711-86de17d1d2d9.html "Irish immigrants fight back in 1854 nativist riots"], stltoday.com</ref> |
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* August 9 – [[Walden]] first published. |
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* August 19 – [[Grattan massacre]]: A group of U.S. Army soldiers in [[Nebraska Territory]] are killed by [[Lakota people|Lakota]] [[Sioux]] warriors after they killed Chief [[Conquering Bear]], starting the [[Sioux Wars|First Sioux War]]. |
* August 19 – [[Grattan massacre]]: A group of U.S. Army soldiers in [[Nebraska Territory]] are killed by [[Lakota people|Lakota]] [[Sioux]] warriors after they killed Chief [[Conquering Bear]], starting the [[Sioux Wars|First Sioux War]]. |
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* September 28 or 29 – Sloop {{USS|Albany|1846}} is lost off the coast of [[Venezuela]] with all hands. |
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* October 1 – The watch company founded in 1850 in [[Roxbury, Massachusetts|Roxbury]], [[Massachusetts]] by [[Aaron Lufkin Dennison]] relocates to [[Waltham, Massachusetts|Waltham]] to become the [[Waltham Watch Company]], pioneer in the [[American System of Watch Manufacturing]]. |
* October 1 – The watch company founded in 1850 in [[Roxbury, Massachusetts|Roxbury]], [[Massachusetts]] by [[Aaron Lufkin Dennison]] relocates to [[Waltham, Massachusetts|Waltham]] to become the [[Waltham Watch Company]], pioneer in the [[American System of Watch Manufacturing]]. |
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* October 9–11 – The controversial [[Ostend Manifesto]] is secretly drafted. The document implies that the U.S. should acquire [[Cuba]] from [[Spain]] by any means necessary. |
* October 9–11 – The controversial [[Ostend Manifesto]] is secretly drafted. The document implies that the U.S. should acquire [[Cuba]] from [[Spain]] by any means necessary. |
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* October 16 – [[Abraham Lincoln]], in his "[[Abraham Lincoln's Peoria speech|Peoria speech]]", expresses opposition to the [[Kansas–Nebraska Act]], [[popular sovereignty in the United States|Popular Sovereignty]], and [[slavery in the United States]].<ref>{{cite web |
* October 16 – [[Abraham Lincoln]], in his "[[Abraham Lincoln's Peoria speech|Peoria speech]]", expresses opposition to the [[Kansas–Nebraska Act]], [[popular sovereignty in the United States|Popular Sovereignty]], and [[slavery in the United States]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nps.gov/liho/historyculture/peoriaspeech.htm|title=Peoria Speech, October 16, 1854|publisher=National Park Service|access-date=November 3, 2012}}</ref> |
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* November 29 – [[Bleeding Kansas]]: A pro-slavery [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democrat]], [[John Wilkins Whitfield]], is elected as the [[United States congressional delegations from Kansas#Delegates from Kansas Territory|Congressional Delegate]] for [[Kansas Territory]]. |
* November 29 – [[Bleeding Kansas]]: A pro-slavery [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democrat]], [[John Wilkins Whitfield]], is elected as the [[United States congressional delegations from Kansas#Delegates from Kansas Territory|Congressional Delegate]] for [[Kansas Territory]]. |
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* December 26 – The [[Treaty of Medicine Creek]] is signed in [[Washington Territory]]. The U.S. acquires land from various Native American tribes and in return creates three reservations. |
* December 26 – The [[Treaty of Medicine Creek]] is signed in [[Washington Territory]]. The U.S. acquires land from various Native American tribes and in return creates three reservations. |
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* Professor [[Benjamin Silliman, Jr.]] of [[Yale University]], using the [[fractional distillation]] process developed by his father, [[Benjamin Silliman]] Sr, now becomes the first person to fractionate [[petroleum]] into its individual components by [[distillation]]. Thus, petroleum products like [[gasoline]] and [[kerosene]] are first produced. |
* Professor [[Benjamin Silliman, Jr.]] of [[Yale University]], using the [[fractional distillation]] process developed by his father, [[Benjamin Silliman]] Sr, now becomes the first person to fractionate [[petroleum]] into its individual components by [[distillation]]. Thus, petroleum products like [[gasoline]] and [[kerosene]] are first produced. |
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* [[Waterbury, Connecticut]] brass manufacturer Benedict & Burnham Manufacturing Company create the department, and eventual independent company, Waterbury Clock Company. This becomes the predecessor of the modern-day [[Timex Group USA]], manufacturer of timepieces.<ref>{{cite book|title=Timex: A Company and Its Community|last=McDermott|first=Kathleen|year=1998|isbn=0-9675087-0-3}}</ref> |
* [[Waterbury, Connecticut]] brass manufacturer Benedict & Burnham Manufacturing Company create the department, and eventual independent company, Waterbury Clock Company. This becomes the predecessor of the modern-day [[Timex Group USA]], manufacturer of timepieces.<ref>{{cite book|title=Timex: A Company and Its Community|last=McDermott|first=Kathleen|year=1998|isbn=0-9675087-0-3}}</ref> |
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*[[Achulet |
*[[Achulet massacre]]: More than 65 [[Tolowa]] people are killed by settlers in [[California]]. |
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===Ongoing=== |
===Ongoing=== |
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==Births== |
==Births== |
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* |
* January 1 – [[Louis Saint-Gaudens]], sculptor (died [[1913 in the United States|1913]]) |
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* January 9 – [[Lady Randolph Churchill]], born Jennie Jerome, American-born British socialite and mother of Winston Churchill (died [[1921 in the United Kingdom]]) |
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* January 29 – [[Fred Baker (physician)|Fred Baker]], physician and naturalist (died [[1938 in the United States|1938]]) |
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* February 2 – [[Emily Elizabeth Holman]], architect (died [[1925 in the United States|1925]]) |
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* February 26 – [[Mary M. Cohen]], social economist and proto-feminist (died [[1911 in the United States|1911]]) |
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* March 14 – [[Thomas R. Marshall]], 28th [[vice president of the United States]] from 1913 to 1921 (died 1925) |
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* March 31 – [[Jane Toppan]], born Honora Kelley, serial killer (died [[1938 in the United States|1938]]) |
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* May 11 – [[Albion Woodbury Small]], sociologist (died [[1926 in the United States|1926]]) |
* May 11 – [[Albion Woodbury Small]], sociologist (died [[1926 in the United States|1926]]) |
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* May 24 – [[John Riley Banister]], law officer and [[Texas Ranger Division|Texas Ranger]] (died [[1918 in the United States|1918]]) |
* May 24 – [[John Riley Banister]], law officer and [[Texas Ranger Division|Texas Ranger]] (died [[1918 in the United States|1918]]) |
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* June 9 – [[John F. Shafroth]], U.S. Senator from Colorado from 1913 to 1919 (died [[1922 in the United States|1922]]) |
* June 9 – [[John F. Shafroth]], U.S. Senator from Colorado from 1913 to 1919 (died [[1922 in the United States|1922]]) |
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* June 14 – [[Dave Rudabaugh]], outlaw and gunfighter (killed 1886 in Mexico) |
* June 14 – [[Dave Rudabaugh]], outlaw and gunfighter (killed 1886 in Mexico) |
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* June 24 – [[Eleanor Norcross]], painter (died [[1923 in the United States|1923]]) |
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* July 3/4 – [[King O'Malley]], politician in Australia (died [[1953 in Australia]]) |
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* July 12 – [[George Eastman]], photographic inventor ([[Eastman Kodak]]) (suicide [[1932 in the United States|1932]]) |
* July 12 – [[George Eastman]], photographic inventor ([[Eastman Kodak]]) (suicide [[1932 in the United States|1932]]) |
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* July 23 – [[Birt Acres]], cinematographic inventor (died [[1918 in the United Kingdom]]) |
* July 23 – [[Birt Acres]], cinematographic inventor (died [[1918 in the United Kingdom]]) |
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* July 30 – [[John Sharp Williams]], U.S. Senator from Mississippi from 1911 to 1923 (died 1932) |
* July 30 – [[John Sharp Williams]], U.S. Senator from Mississippi from 1911 to 1923 (died 1932) |
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* August 18 – [[James Paul Clarke]], 18th |
* August 2 – [[Francis Marion Crawford]], novelist (died [[1909 in the United States|1909]]) |
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* August 18 – [[James Paul Clarke]], 18th governor of Arkansas from 1895 to 1897 and U.S. Senator from Arkansas from 1903 to 1916 (died [[1916 in the United States|1916]]) |
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* September 1 – [[Florence Trail]], educator and author (died [[1944 in the United States|1944]]) |
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* October 3 – [[William C. Gorgas]], physician, Surgeon General (died 1920) |
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* October 26 – [[C. W. Post]], cereal manufacturer (died [[1914 in the United States|1914]]) |
* October 26 – [[C. W. Post]], cereal manufacturer (died [[1914 in the United States|1914]]) |
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* October 31 – [[Laton Alton Huffman]], photographer of the [[American frontier]] and Native American life (died [[1931 in the United States|1931]]) |
* October 31 – [[Laton Alton Huffman]], photographer of the [[American frontier]] and Native American life (died [[1931 in the United States|1931]]) |
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* January 18 – [[Robert M. Charlton]], U.S. Senator from Georgia from 1852 to 1853 (born [[1807 in the United States|1807]]) |
* January 18 – [[Robert M. Charlton]], U.S. Senator from Georgia from 1852 to 1853 (born [[1807 in the United States|1807]]) |
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* March 11 – [[Willard Richards]], religious leader (born [[1804 in the United States|1804]]) |
* March 11 – [[Willard Richards]], religious leader (born [[1804 in the United States|1804]]) |
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* April 6 – [[William Strickland (architect)|William Strickland]], architect and civil engineer (born [[1788 in the United States|1788]]) |
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* April 30 – [[William Matthews (priest)|William Matthews]], first American-born Roman Catholic priest (born [[1770]]) |
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* July 31 – [[Samuel Wilson]], meat-packer thought to be the real-life basis for [[Uncle Sam]] (born 1766 in the [[Province of Massachusetts Bay]]) |
* July 31 – [[Samuel Wilson]], meat-packer thought to be the real-life basis for [[Uncle Sam]] (born 1766 in the [[Province of Massachusetts Bay]]) |
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* August 14 – [[Solomon W. Downs]], U.S. Senator from Louisiana from 1847 to 1853 (born [[1801 in the United States|1801]]) |
* August 14 – [[Solomon W. Downs]], U.S. Senator from Louisiana from 1847 to 1853 (born [[1801 in the United States|1801]]) |
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* August 19 – [[Conquering Bear]], Lakota chief |
* August 19 – [[Conquering Bear]], Lakota chief |
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* August 21 – [[Thomas Clayton]], lawyer, U.S. Senator from Delaware from 1824 to 1827 and from 1837 to 1847 (born [[1777 in the United States|1777]]) |
* August 21 – [[Thomas Clayton]], lawyer, U.S. Senator from Delaware from 1824 to 1827 and from 1837 to 1847 (born [[1777 in the United States|1777]]) |
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* August 29 – [[John Black (U.S. |
* August 29 – [[John Black (U.S. senator)|John Black]], U.S. Senator from Mississippi from 1832 to 1838 (born [[1800 in the United States|1800]]) |
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* October 8 – [[Gideon Tomlinson]], U.S. Senator from Connecticut from 1831 to 1837 (born [[1780 in the United States|1780]]) |
* October 8 – [[Gideon Tomlinson]], U.S. Senator from Connecticut from 1831 to 1837 (born [[1780 in the United States|1780]]) |
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* November 9 – [[Elizabeth Schuyler Hamilton]], wife of [[Alexander Hamilton]], co-founder and deputy director of the first private orphanage in New York City |
* October 28 – [[James P. Carrell]], composer and songbook compiler (born [[1787 in the United States|1787]]) |
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* November 9 – [[Elizabeth Schuyler Hamilton]], wife of [[Alexander Hamilton]], co-founder and deputy director of the first private orphanage in New York City (born [[1757]]) |
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* December 28 – [[James Turner Morehead (Kentucky)|James Morehead]], U.S. Senator from Kentucky from 1841 to 1847 (born [[1797 in the United States|1797]]) |
* December 28 – [[James Turner Morehead (Kentucky politician)|James Morehead]], U.S. Senator from Kentucky from 1841 to 1847 (born [[1797 in the United States|1797]]) |
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* ''Full |
* ''Full date unknown'' – [[Henry Bibb]], author and [[abolitionist]], born a [[slave]] (born [[1815 in the United States|1815]]) |
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==See also== |
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*[[Timeline of United States history (1820–1859)]] |
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==References== |
==References== |
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{{US year nav}} |
{{US year nav}} |
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{{Timeline of United States history}} |
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{{North America |
{{Year in North America|1854}} |
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[[Category:1854 in the United States| ]] |
[[Category:1854 in the United States| ]] |
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[[Category:1850s in the United States]] |
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[[Category:1854 by country|United States]] |
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[[Category:1854 in North America|United States]] |
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[[Category:Years of the 19th century in the United States]] |
Latest revision as of 22:26, 19 December 2023
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See also: |
Events from the year 1854 in the United States.
Incumbents
[edit]- President: Franklin Pierce (D-New Hampshire)
- Vice President: vacant
- Chief Justice: Roger B. Taney (Maryland)
- Speaker of the House of Representatives: Linn Boyd (D-Kentucky)
- Congress: 33rd
Events
[edit]January–June
[edit]- January 4 – Senator Stephen Douglas introduces a bill to form the Nebraska Territory. The bill sparked major debates related to slavery issues and evolved into the Kansas–Nebraska Act.
- February 14 – Texas is linked by telegraph with the rest of the United States, when a connection between New Orleans and Marshall, Texas is completed.
- February 28 – The Black Warrior Affair: A ship destined for New York City is detained in Havana, Cuba (under Spanish control at the time). The incident strains U.S.–Spanish relations.
- March 20
- Anti-slavery activists of the Kansas–Nebraska Act meeting at the Little White Schoolhouse in Ripon, Wisconsin form the Republican Party.
- The Boston Public Library opens to the public.
- March 30 – Battle of Cieneguilla: The U.S. First Regiment of Dragoons attacks a larger force of Jicarilla Apache and Ute Native Americans near present-day Pilar, New Mexico. The Americans are forced to retreat after losing more than half their number.
- March 31 – Commodore Matthew Perry of the U.S. Navy signs the Treaty/Convention of Kanagawa with the Japanese government (the Tokugawa Shogunate), opening the ports of Shimoda and Hakodate to American trade (see History of Japan).
- April 16 – The American packet ship Powhattan is wrecked off the shore of New Jersey with a loss of more than 200 lives.
- May – Elisha Otis publicly debuts his safety elevator at the New York World's Fair.[1]
- May 24 – Slave Runaway Anthony Burns is arrested in Boston, MA and soon thereafter (June 2) shipped back to Virginia–back into a life of slavery. Abolitionists of the North would be infuriated.
- May 27 – Taiping Rebellion: United States minister Robert McLane arrives at Nanjing aboard the U.S. Navy warship USS Susquehanna.
- May 30 – The Kansas–Nebraska Act is signed into law, creating Kansas Territory and Nebraska Territory, opening new lands, repealing the Missouri Compromise of 1820, and allowing settlers in those territories to determine if they would allow slavery within their boundaries.
- June 10 – The first class of the United States Naval Academy graduates at Annapolis, Maryland.
July–December
[edit]- July 4 – Henry David Thoreau delivers his fierce speech, Slavery in Massachusetts in Framingham, MA, harping on American politicians and journalists, all the while calling for action against the injustice of slavery within the Union.
- July 6 – In Jackson, Michigan, the first convention of the Republican Party is held.
- July 8 – An anti-Catholic riot in Bath, Maine, destroys a church used by Irish Catholics.
- July 13 – Bombardment of San Juan del Norte: The USS Cyane attacks San Juan del Norte, Nicaragua.
- August 7–8 – Know Nothings riot against immigrants in St. Louis, Missouri, leading to 10 deaths.[2]
- August 9 – Walden first published.
- August 19 – Grattan massacre: A group of U.S. Army soldiers in Nebraska Territory are killed by Lakota Sioux warriors after they killed Chief Conquering Bear, starting the First Sioux War.
- September 28 or 29 – Sloop USS Albany (1846) is lost off the coast of Venezuela with all hands.
- October 1 – The watch company founded in 1850 in Roxbury, Massachusetts by Aaron Lufkin Dennison relocates to Waltham to become the Waltham Watch Company, pioneer in the American System of Watch Manufacturing.
- October 9–11 – The controversial Ostend Manifesto is secretly drafted. The document implies that the U.S. should acquire Cuba from Spain by any means necessary.
- October 16 – Abraham Lincoln, in his "Peoria speech", expresses opposition to the Kansas–Nebraska Act, Popular Sovereignty, and slavery in the United States.[3]
- November 29 – Bleeding Kansas: A pro-slavery Democrat, John Wilkins Whitfield, is elected as the Congressional Delegate for Kansas Territory.
- December 26 – The Treaty of Medicine Creek is signed in Washington Territory. The U.S. acquires land from various Native American tribes and in return creates three reservations.
Undated
[edit]- Professor Benjamin Silliman, Jr. of Yale University, using the fractional distillation process developed by his father, Benjamin Silliman Sr, now becomes the first person to fractionate petroleum into its individual components by distillation. Thus, petroleum products like gasoline and kerosene are first produced.
- Waterbury, Connecticut brass manufacturer Benedict & Burnham Manufacturing Company create the department, and eventual independent company, Waterbury Clock Company. This becomes the predecessor of the modern-day Timex Group USA, manufacturer of timepieces.[4]
- Achulet massacre: More than 65 Tolowa people are killed by settlers in California.
Ongoing
[edit]- California Gold Rush (1848–1855)
- Bleeding Kansas (1854–1860)
Births
[edit]- January 1 – Louis Saint-Gaudens, sculptor (died 1913)
- January 9 – Lady Randolph Churchill, born Jennie Jerome, American-born British socialite and mother of Winston Churchill (died 1921 in the United Kingdom)
- January 29 – Fred Baker, physician and naturalist (died 1938)
- February 2 – Emily Elizabeth Holman, architect (died 1925)
- February 26 – Mary M. Cohen, social economist and proto-feminist (died 1911)
- March 14 – Thomas R. Marshall, 28th vice president of the United States from 1913 to 1921 (died 1925)
- March 31 – Jane Toppan, born Honora Kelley, serial killer (died 1938)
- May 11 – Albion Woodbury Small, sociologist (died 1926)
- May 24 – John Riley Banister, law officer and Texas Ranger (died 1918)
- June 9 – John F. Shafroth, U.S. Senator from Colorado from 1913 to 1919 (died 1922)
- June 14 – Dave Rudabaugh, outlaw and gunfighter (killed 1886 in Mexico)
- June 24 – Eleanor Norcross, painter (died 1923)
- July 3/4 – King O'Malley, politician in Australia (died 1953 in Australia)
- July 12 – George Eastman, photographic inventor (Eastman Kodak) (suicide 1932)
- July 23 – Birt Acres, cinematographic inventor (died 1918 in the United Kingdom)
- July 30 – John Sharp Williams, U.S. Senator from Mississippi from 1911 to 1923 (died 1932)
- August 2 – Francis Marion Crawford, novelist (died 1909)
- August 18 – James Paul Clarke, 18th governor of Arkansas from 1895 to 1897 and U.S. Senator from Arkansas from 1903 to 1916 (died 1916)
- September 1 – Florence Trail, educator and author (died 1944)
- October 3 – William C. Gorgas, physician, Surgeon General (died 1920)
- October 26 – C. W. Post, cereal manufacturer (died 1914)
- October 31 – Laton Alton Huffman, photographer of the American frontier and Native American life (died 1931)
- November 6 – John Philip Sousa, composer and conductor ("The Stars and Stripes Forever") (died 1932)
- November 13 – George Whitefield Chadwick, composer (died 1931)
- December 16 – Austin M. Knight, admiral (died 1927)
- December 25 – Ida Dixon, socialite and golf course architect (died 1916)
Deaths
[edit]- January 18 – Robert M. Charlton, U.S. Senator from Georgia from 1852 to 1853 (born 1807)
- March 11 – Willard Richards, religious leader (born 1804)
- April 6 – William Strickland, architect and civil engineer (born 1788)
- April 30 – William Matthews, first American-born Roman Catholic priest (born 1770)
- July 31 – Samuel Wilson, meat-packer thought to be the real-life basis for Uncle Sam (born 1766 in the Province of Massachusetts Bay)
- August 14 – Solomon W. Downs, U.S. Senator from Louisiana from 1847 to 1853 (born 1801)
- August 19 – Conquering Bear, Lakota chief
- August 21 – Thomas Clayton, lawyer, U.S. Senator from Delaware from 1824 to 1827 and from 1837 to 1847 (born 1777)
- August 29 – John Black, U.S. Senator from Mississippi from 1832 to 1838 (born 1800)
- October 8 – Gideon Tomlinson, U.S. Senator from Connecticut from 1831 to 1837 (born 1780)
- October 28 – James P. Carrell, composer and songbook compiler (born 1787)
- November 9 – Elizabeth Schuyler Hamilton, wife of Alexander Hamilton, co-founder and deputy director of the first private orphanage in New York City (born 1757)
- December 28 – James Morehead, U.S. Senator from Kentucky from 1841 to 1847 (born 1797)
- Full date unknown – Henry Bibb, author and abolitionist, born a slave (born 1815)
See also
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ Today in History: September 20, The Library of Congress, American Memory.
- ^ "Irish immigrants fight back in 1854 nativist riots", stltoday.com
- ^ "Peoria Speech, October 16, 1854". National Park Service. Retrieved November 3, 2012.
- ^ McDermott, Kathleen (1998). Timex: A Company and Its Community. ISBN 0-9675087-0-3.
External links
[edit]- Media related to 1854 in the United States at Wikimedia Commons