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{{Short description|Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens}}
{{PBB|geneid=498}}
{{Infobox_gene}}
'''ATP synthase, H+ transporting, mitochondrial F1 complex, alpha subunit 1, cardiac muscle''', also known as '''ATP5A1''', is a human [[gene]].<ref name="entrez">{{cite web | title = Entrez Gene: ATP5A1 ATP synthase, H+ transporting, mitochondrial F1 complex, alpha subunit 1, cardiac muscle| url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=498| accessdate = }}</ref>
'''ATP synthase F1 subunit alpha, mitochondrial''' is an [[enzyme]] that in humans is encoded by the ''ATP5F1A'' [[gene]].<ref name="pmid1830491">{{cite journal | vauthors = Kataoka H, Biswas C | title = Nucleotide sequence of a cDNA for the alpha subunit of human mitochondrial ATP synthase | journal = Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Gene Structure and Expression | volume = 1089 | issue = 3 | pages = 393–5 | date = July 1991 | pmid = 1830491 | doi = 10.1016/0167-4781(91)90183-m }}</ref><ref name="entrez">{{cite web | title = Entrez Gene: ATP5F1A ATP synthase F1 subunit alpha| url = https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=498}}</ref>


== Function ==
<!-- The PBB_Summary template is automatically maintained by Protein Box Bot. See Template:PBB_Controls to Stop updates. -->
{{PBB_Summary
| section_title =
| summary_text = This gene encodes a subunit of mitochondrial ATP synthase. Mitochondrial ATP synthase catalyzes ATP synthesis, using an electrochemical gradient of protons across the inner membrane during oxidative phosphorylation. ATP synthase is composed of two linked multi-subunit complexes: the soluble catalytic core, F1, and the membrane-spanning component, Fo, comprising the proton channel. The catalytic portion of mitochondrial ATP synthase consists of 5 different subunits (alpha, beta, gamma, delta, and epsilon) assembled with a stoichiometry of 3 alpha, 3 beta, and a single representative of the other 3. The proton channel consists of three main subunits (a, b, c). This gene encodes the alpha subunit of the catalytic core. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding the same protein have been identified. Pseudogenes of this gene are located on chromosomes 9, 2, and 16.<ref name="entrez">{{cite web | title = Entrez Gene: ATP5A1 ATP synthase, H+ transporting, mitochondrial F1 complex, alpha subunit 1, cardiac muscle| url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=498| accessdate = }}</ref>
}}


This gene encodes a subunit of mitochondrial ATP synthase. Mitochondrial ATP synthase catalyzes ATP synthesis, using an electrochemical gradient of protons across the inner membrane during oxidative phosphorylation. ATP synthase is composed of two linked multi-subunit complexes: the soluble catalytic core, F<sub>1</sub>, and the membrane-spanning component, F<sub>o</sub>, comprising the proton channel. The catalytic portion of mitochondrial ATP synthase consists of 5 different subunits (alpha, beta, gamma, delta, and epsilon) assembled with a stoichiometry of 3 alpha, 3 beta, and a single representative of the other 3. The proton channel consists of three main subunits (a, b, c). This gene encodes the alpha subunit of the catalytic core. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding the same protein have been identified. Pseudogenes of this gene are located on chromosomes 9, 2, and 16.<ref name="entrez"/>
==References==

{{reflist}}
==Further reading==
==Structure==
The ''ATP5F1A'' gene, located on the q arm of [[chromosome 18]] in position 21, is made up of 13 exons and is 20,090 base pairs in length.<ref name="entrez"/> The ATP5F1A protein weighs 59.7 kDa and is composed of 553 amino acids.<ref name=COPaKB>{{cite journal | vauthors = Zong NC, Li H, Li H, Lam MP, Jimenez RC, Kim CS, Deng N, Kim AK, Choi JH, Zelaya I, Liem D, Meyer D, Odeberg J, Fang C, Lu HJ, Xu T, Weiss J, Duan H, Uhlen M, Yates JR, Apweiler R, Ge J, Hermjakob H, Ping P | title = Integration of cardiac proteome biology and medicine by a specialized knowledgebase | journal = Circulation Research | volume = 113 | issue = 9 | pages = 1043–53 | date = October 2013 | pmid = 23965338 | pmc = 4076475 | doi = 10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.113.301151 }}</ref><ref name="url_COPaKB">{{cite web | url = https://amino.heartproteome.org/web/protein/P25705 | work = Cardiac Organellar Protein Atlas Knowledgebase (COPaKB) | title = ATP synthase subunit alpha, mitochondrial | access-date = 2018-07-18 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20180720130552/https://amino.heartproteome.org/web/protein/P25705 | archive-date = 2018-07-20 | url-status = dead }}</ref> The protein is a subunit of the catalytic portion of the F<sub>1</sub>F<sub>o</sub> ATPase, also known as [[Complex V]], which consists of 14 nuclear and 2 mitochondrial -encoded subunits. As an alpha subunit, ATP5F1A is contained within the catalytic F<sub>1</sub> portion of the complex.<ref name="entrez" /> The [[nomenclature]] of the enzyme has a long history. The F<sub>1</sub> fraction derives its name from the term "Fraction 1" and F<sub>o</sub> (written as a subscript letter "o", not "zero") derives its name from being the binding fraction for [[oligomycin]], a type of naturally-derived antibiotic that is able to inhibit the F<sub>o</sub> unit of ATP synthase.<ref name="cite pmid| 4223640">{{cite journal | vauthors = Kagawa Y, Racker E | title = Partial resolution of the enzymes catalyzing oxidative phosphorylation. 8. Properties of a factor conferring oligomycin sensitivity on mitochondrial adenosine triphosphatase | journal = The Journal of Biological Chemistry | volume = 241 | issue = 10 | pages = 2461–6 | date = May 1966 | doi = 10.1016/S0021-9258(18)96640-8 | pmid = 4223640 | doi-access = free }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Mccarty RE | title = A PLANT BIOCHEMIST'S VIEW OF H+-ATPases AND ATP SYNTHASES | journal = The Journal of Experimental Biology | volume = 172 | issue = Pt 1 | pages = 431–441 | date = November 1992 | doi = 10.1242/jeb.172.1.431 | pmid = 9874753 | url = http://jeb.biologists.org/cgi/reprint/172/1/431 }}</ref> The F<sub>1</sub> particle is large and can be seen in the transmission electron microscope by negative staining.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Fernandez Moran H, Oda T, Blair PV, Green DE | title = A Macromolecular Repeating Unit Of Mitochondrial Structure and Function. Correlated Electron Microscopic and Biochemical Studies of Isolated Mitochondria and Submitochondrial Particles of Beef Heart Muscle | journal = The Journal of Cell Biology | volume = 22 | issue = 1 | pages = 63–100 | date = July 1964 | pmid = 14195622 | pmc = 2106494 | doi = 10.1083/jcb.22.1.63 }}</ref> These are particles of 9&nbsp;nm diameter that pepper the inner mitochondrial membrane. They were originally called elementary particles and were thought to contain the entire respiratory apparatus of the mitochondrion, but, through a long series of experiments, [[Efraim Racker]] and his colleagues (who first isolated the F<sub>1</sub> particle in 1961) were able to show that this particle is correlated with ATPase activity in uncoupled mitochondria and with the ATPase activity in [[submitochondrial particle]]s created by exposing mitochondria to ultrasound. This ATPase activity was further associated with the creation of ATP by a long series of experiments in many laboratories.
{{refbegin | 2}}

{{PBB_Further_reading
== Function ==
| citations =
Mitochondrial membrane ATP synthase (F<sub>1</sub>F<sub>o</sub> ATP synthase or [[Complex V]]) produces ATP from ADP in the presence of a proton gradient across the membrane which is generated by electron transport complexes of the respiratory chain. F-type ATPases consist of two structural domains, F<sub>1</sub> - containing the extramembraneous catalytic core, and F<sub>o</sub> - containing the membrane proton channel, linked together by a central stalk and a peripheral stalk. During catalysis, ATP synthesis in the catalytic domain of F<sub>1</sub> is coupled via a rotary mechanism of the central stalk subunits to proton translocation. Subunits alpha and beta form the catalytic core in F<sub>1</sub>. Rotation of the central stalk against the surrounding alpha(3)beta(3) subunits leads to hydrolysis of ATP in three separate catalytic sites on the beta subunits. Subunit alpha does not bear the catalytic high-affinity ATP-binding sites.<ref name="uniprot">{{cite web | url = https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/P25705 | work = UniProt | title = ATP synthase subunit alpha, mitochondrial | publisher = The UniProt Consortium }}</ref>
*{{cite journal | author=Dawson SJ, White LA |title=Treatment of Haemophilus aphrophilus endocarditis with ciprofloxacin. |journal=J. Infect. |volume=24 |issue= 3 |pages= 317–20 |year= 1992 |pmid= 1602151 |doi= }}

*{{cite journal | author=Kataoka H, Biswas C |title=Nucleotide sequence of a cDNA for the alpha subunit of human mitochondrial ATP synthase. |journal=Biochim. Biophys. Acta |volume=1089 |issue= 3 |pages= 393–5 |year= 1991 |pmid= 1830491 |doi= }}
==Clinical significance==
*{{cite journal | author=Kovalyov LI, Shishkin SS, Efimochkin AS, ''et al.'' |title=The major protein expression profile and two-dimensional protein database of human heart. |journal=Electrophoresis |volume=16 |issue= 7 |pages= 1160–9 |year= 1996 |pmid= 7498159 |doi= }}
Mutations affecting the ATP5F1A gene cause combined oxidative phosphorylation deficiency 22 (COXPD22), a mitochondrial disorder characterized by intrauterine growth retardation, [[microcephaly]], [[hypotonia]], [[pulmonary hypertension]], failure to thrive, [[encephalopathy]], and [[heart failure]]. Mutations on the ATP5F1A gene also cause mitochondrial complex V deficiency, nuclear 4 (MC5DN4), a [[mitochondrial disorder]] with heterogeneous clinical manifestations including dysmorphic features, psychomotor retardation, [[hypotonia]], growth retardation, [[cardiomyopathy]], enlarged liver, [[Renal hypoplasia|hypoplastic kidneys]] and elevated lactate levels in urine, plasma and cerebrospinal fluid.<ref name = "GHR">{{ cite web| url = http://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/gene/ATP5F1A | work = NCBI Genetics Home Resource | title = ATP5F1A }}</ref>
*{{cite journal | author=Abrahams JP, Leslie AG, Lutter R, Walker JE |title=Structure at 2.8 A resolution of F1-ATPase from bovine heart mitochondria. |journal=Nature |volume=370 |issue= 6491 |pages= 621–8 |year= 1994 |pmid= 8065448 |doi= 10.1038/370621a0 }}

*{{cite journal | author=Akiyama S, Endo H, Inohara N, ''et al.'' |title=Gene structure and cell type-specific expression of the human ATP synthase alpha subunit. |journal=Biochim. Biophys. Acta |volume=1219 |issue= 1 |pages= 129–40 |year= 1994 |pmid= 8086450 |doi= }}
[[Resveratrol]] inhibition of the F1 catalytic core increases [[adenosine monophosphate]] (AMP) levels, thereby activating the [[AMP-activated protein kinase]] enzyme.<ref name="pmid30916407">{{cite journal | vauthors=Joshi T, Singh AK, Haratipour P, Farzaei MH | title=Targeting AMPK signaling pathway by natural products for treatment of diabetes mellitus and its complications | journal= [[Journal of Cellular Physiology]] | volume=234 | issue=10 | pages=17212–17231 | year=2019 | doi = 10.1002/jcp.28528 | pmid=30916407| s2cid=85533334 }}</ref>
*{{cite journal | author=Jabs EW, Thomas PJ, Bernstein M, ''et al.'' |title=Chromosomal localization of genes required for the terminal steps of oxidative metabolism: alpha and gamma subunits of ATP synthase and the phosphate carrier. |journal=Hum. Genet. |volume=93 |issue= 5 |pages= 600–2 |year= 1994 |pmid= 8168843 |doi= }}

*{{cite journal | author=Godbout R, Bisgrove DA, Honoré LH, Day RS |title=Amplification of the gene encoding the alpha-subunit of the mitochondrial ATP synthase complex in a human retinoblastoma cell line. |journal=Gene |volume=123 |issue= 2 |pages= 195–201 |year= 1993 |pmid= 8428659 |doi= }}
== References ==
*{{cite journal | author=Godbout R, Pandita A, Beatty B, ''et al.'' |title=Comparative genomic hybridization analysis of Y79 and FISH mapping indicate the amplified human mitochondrial ATP synthase alpha-subunit gene (ATP5A) maps to chromosome 18q12-->q21. |journal=Cytogenet. Cell Genet. |volume=77 |issue= 3-4 |pages= 253–6 |year= 1997 |pmid= 9284928 |doi= }}
{{reflist|33em}}
*{{cite journal | author=Elston T, Wang H, Oster G |title=Energy transduction in ATP synthase. |journal=Nature |volume=391 |issue= 6666 |pages= 510–3 |year= 1998 |pmid= 9461222 |doi= 10.1038/35185 }}

*{{cite journal | author=Wang H, Oster G |title=Energy transduction in the F1 motor of ATP synthase. |journal=Nature |volume=396 |issue= 6708 |pages= 279–82 |year= 1998 |pmid= 9834036 |doi= 10.1038/24409 }}
== Further reading ==
*{{cite journal | author=Moser TL, Stack MS, Asplin I, ''et al.'' |title=Angiostatin binds ATP synthase on the surface of human endothelial cells. |journal=Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. |volume=96 |issue= 6 |pages= 2811–6 |year= 1999 |pmid= 10077593 |doi= }}
{{refbegin|33em}}
*{{cite journal | author=Moser TL, Kenan DJ, Ashley TA, ''et al.'' |title=Endothelial cell surface F1-F0 ATP synthase is active in ATP synthesis and is inhibited by angiostatin. |journal=Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. |volume=98 |issue= 12 |pages= 6656–61 |year= 2001 |pmid= 11381144 |doi= 10.1073/pnas.131067798 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Wang ZG, White PS, Ackerman SH |title=Atp11p and Atp12p are assembly factors for the F(1)-ATPase in human mitochondria. |journal=J. Biol. Chem. |volume=276 |issue= 33 |pages= 30773–8 |year= 2001 |pmid= 11410595 |doi= 10.1074/jbc.M104133200 }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Dawson SJ, White LA | title = Treatment of Haemophilus aphrophilus endocarditis with ciprofloxacin | journal = The Journal of Infection | volume = 24 | issue = 3 | pages = 317–20 | date = May 1992 | pmid = 1602151 | doi = 10.1016/S0163-4453(05)80037-4 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Chang SY, Park SG, Kim S, Kang CY |title=Interaction of the C-terminal domain of p43 and the alpha subunit of ATP synthase. Its functional implication in endothelial cell proliferation. |journal=J. Biol. Chem. |volume=277 |issue= 10 |pages= 8388–94 |year= 2002 |pmid= 11741979 |doi= 10.1074/jbc.M108792200 }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Kovalyov LI, Shishkin SS, Efimochkin AS, Kovalyova MA, Ershova ES, Egorov TA, Musalyamov AK | title = The major protein expression profile and two-dimensional protein database of human heart | journal = Electrophoresis | volume = 16 | issue = 7 | pages = 1160–9 | date = July 1995 | pmid = 7498159 | doi = 10.1002/elps.11501601192 | s2cid = 32209361 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Strausberg RL, Feingold EA, Grouse LH, ''et al.'' |title=Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences. |journal=Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. |volume=99 |issue= 26 |pages= 16899–903 |year= 2003 |pmid= 12477932 |doi= 10.1073/pnas.242603899 }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Abrahams JP, Leslie AG, Lutter R, Walker JE | title = Structure at 2.8 A resolution of F1-ATPase from bovine heart mitochondria | journal = Nature | volume = 370 | issue = 6491 | pages = 621–8 | date = August 1994 | pmid = 8065448 | doi = 10.1038/370621a0 | bibcode = 1994Natur.370..621A | s2cid = 4275221 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Sergeant N, Wattez A, Galván-valencia M, ''et al.'' |title=Association of ATP synthase alpha-chain with neurofibrillary degeneration in Alzheimer's disease. |journal=Neuroscience |volume=117 |issue= 2 |pages= 293–303 |year= 2003 |pmid= 12614671 |doi= }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Akiyama S, Endo H, Inohara N, Ohta S, Kagawa Y | title = Gene structure and cell type-specific expression of the human ATP synthase alpha subunit | journal = Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Gene Structure and Expression | volume = 1219 | issue = 1 | pages = 129–40 | date = September 1994 | pmid = 8086450 | doi = 10.1016/0167-4781(94)90255-0 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Ota T, Suzuki Y, Nishikawa T, ''et al.'' |title=Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs. |journal=Nat. Genet. |volume=36 |issue= 1 |pages= 40–5 |year= 2004 |pmid= 14702039 |doi= 10.1038/ng1285 }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Jabs EW, Thomas PJ, Bernstein M, Coss C, Ferreira GC, Pedersen PL | title = Chromosomal localization of genes required for the terminal steps of oxidative metabolism: alpha and gamma subunits of ATP synthase and the phosphate carrier | journal = Human Genetics | volume = 93 | issue = 5 | pages = 600–2 | date = May 1994 | pmid = 8168843 | doi = 10.1007/bf00202832 | s2cid = 39597611 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Bouwmeester T, Bauch A, Ruffner H, ''et al.'' |title=A physical and functional map of the human TNF-alpha/NF-kappa B signal transduction pathway. |journal=Nat. Cell Biol. |volume=6 |issue= 2 |pages= 97–105 |year= 2004 |pmid= 14743216 |doi= 10.1038/ncb1086 }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Godbout R, Bisgrove DA, Honoré LH, Day RS | title = Amplification of the gene encoding the alpha-subunit of the mitochondrial ATP synthase complex in a human retinoblastoma cell line | journal = Gene | volume = 123 | issue = 2 | pages = 195–201 | date = January 1993 | pmid = 8428659 | doi = 10.1016/0378-1119(93)90124-L }}
*{{cite journal | author=Cross RL |title=Molecular motors: turning the ATP motor. |journal=Nature |volume=427 |issue= 6973 |pages= 407–8 |year= 2004 |pmid= 14749816 |doi= 10.1038/427407b }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Godbout R, Pandita A, Beatty B, Bie W, Squire JA | title = Comparative genomic hybridization analysis of Y79 and FISH mapping indicate the amplified human mitochondrial ATP synthase alpha-subunit gene (ATP5A) maps to chromosome 18q12-->q21 | journal = Cytogenetics and Cell Genetics | volume = 77 | issue = 3–4 | pages = 253–6 | year = 1997 | pmid = 9284928 | doi = 10.1159/000134588 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Jin J, Smith FD, Stark C, ''et al.'' |title=Proteomic, functional, and domain-based analysis of in vivo 14-3-3 binding proteins involved in cytoskeletal regulation and cellular organization. |journal=Curr. Biol. |volume=14 |issue= 16 |pages= 1436–50 |year= 2004 |pmid= 15324660 |doi= 10.1016/j.cub.2004.07.051 }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Elston T, Wang H, Oster G | title = Energy transduction in ATP synthase | journal = Nature | volume = 391 | issue = 6666 | pages = 510–3 | date = January 1998 | pmid = 9461222 | doi = 10.1038/35185 | bibcode = 1998Natur.391..510E | s2cid = 4406161 }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Wang H, Oster G | title = Energy transduction in the F1 motor of ATP synthase | journal = Nature | volume = 396 | issue = 6708 | pages = 279–82 | date = November 1998 | pmid = 9834036 | doi = 10.1038/24409 | bibcode = 1998Natur.396..279W | s2cid = 4424498 }}
}}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Moser TL, Stack MS, Asplin I, Enghild JJ, Højrup P, Everitt L, Hubchak S, Schnaper HW, Pizzo SV | title = Angiostatin binds ATP synthase on the surface of human endothelial cells | journal = Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America | volume = 96 | issue = 6 | pages = 2811–6 | date = March 1999 | pmid = 10077593 | pmc = 15851 | doi = 10.1073/pnas.96.6.2811 | bibcode = 1999PNAS...96.2811M | doi-access = free }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Moser TL, Kenan DJ, Ashley TA, Roy JA, Goodman MD, Misra UK, Cheek DJ, Pizzo SV | title = Endothelial cell surface F1-F0 ATP synthase is active in ATP synthesis and is inhibited by angiostatin | journal = Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America | volume = 98 | issue = 12 | pages = 6656–61 | date = June 2001 | pmid = 11381144 | pmc = 34409 | doi = 10.1073/pnas.131067798 | bibcode = 2001PNAS...98.6656M | doi-access = free }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Wang ZG, White PS, Ackerman SH | title = Atp11p and Atp12p are assembly factors for the F(1)-ATPase in human mitochondria | journal = The Journal of Biological Chemistry | volume = 276 | issue = 33 | pages = 30773–8 | date = August 2001 | pmid = 11410595 | doi = 10.1074/jbc.M104133200 | doi-access = free }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Chang SY, Park SG, Kim S, Kang CY | title = Interaction of the C-terminal domain of p43 and the alpha subunit of ATP synthase. Its functional implication in endothelial cell proliferation | journal = The Journal of Biological Chemistry | volume = 277 | issue = 10 | pages = 8388–94 | date = March 2002 | pmid = 11741979 | doi = 10.1074/jbc.M108792200 | doi-access = free }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Sergeant N, Wattez A, Galván-valencia M, Ghestem A, David JP, Lemoine J, Sautiére PE, Dachary J, Mazat JP, Michalski JC, Velours J, Mena-López R, Delacourte A | title = Association of ATP synthase alpha-chain with neurofibrillary degeneration in Alzheimer's disease | journal = Neuroscience | volume = 117 | issue = 2 | pages = 293–303 | year = 2003 | pmid = 12614671 | doi = 10.1016/S0306-4522(02)00747-9 | s2cid = 43991411 }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Bouwmeester T, Bauch A, Ruffner H, Angrand PO, Bergamini G, Croughton K, Cruciat C, Eberhard D, Gagneur J, Ghidelli S, Hopf C, Huhse B, Mangano R, Michon AM, Schirle M, Schlegl J, Schwab M, Stein MA, Bauer A, Casari G, Drewes G, Gavin AC, Jackson DB, Joberty G, Neubauer G, Rick J, Kuster B, Superti-Furga G | title = A physical and functional map of the human TNF-alpha/NF-kappa B signal transduction pathway | journal = Nature Cell Biology | volume = 6 | issue = 2 | pages = 97–105 | date = February 2004 | pmid = 14743216 | doi = 10.1038/ncb1086 | s2cid = 11683986 }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Cross RL | title = Molecular motors: turning the ATP motor | journal = Nature | volume = 427 | issue = 6973 | pages = 407–8 | date = January 2004 | pmid = 14749816 | doi = 10.1038/427407b | bibcode = 2004Natur.427..407C | s2cid = 52819856 | doi-access = free }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Jin J, Smith FD, Stark C, Wells CD, Fawcett JP, Kulkarni S, Metalnikov P, O'Donnell P, Taylor P, Taylor L, Zougman A, Woodgett JR, Langeberg LK, Scott JD, Pawson T | title = Proteomic, functional, and domain-based analysis of in vivo 14-3-3 binding proteins involved in cytoskeletal regulation and cellular organization | journal = Current Biology | volume = 14 | issue = 16 | pages = 1436–50 | date = August 2004 | pmid = 15324660 | doi = 10.1016/j.cub.2004.07.051 | doi-access = free }}
{{refend}}
{{refend}}


== External links ==
{{protein-stub}}
* {{UCSC gene info|ATP5A1}}
* {{PDBe-KB2|P80021|Pig ATP synthase subunit alpha, mitochondrial}}

{{NLM content}}
{{PDB Gallery|geneid=498}}


[[Category:Genes mutated in mice]]
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Latest revision as of 02:57, 19 December 2023

ATP5F1A
Identifiers
AliasesATP5F1A, ATP5A, ATP5AL2, ATPM, HEL-S-123m, MC5DN4, MOM2, OMR, ORM, hATP1, COXPD22, ATP synthase, H+ transporting, mitochondrial F1 complex, alpha 1, ATP synthase, H+ transporting, mitochondrial F1 complex, alpha subunit 1, cardiac muscle, ATP5A1, ATP synthase F1 subunit alpha
External IDsOMIM: 164360; MGI: 88115; HomoloGene: 2985; GeneCards: ATP5F1A; OMA:ATP5F1A - orthologs
Orthologs
SpeciesHumanMouse
Entrez
Ensembl
UniProt
RefSeq (mRNA)

NM_001001935
NM_001001937
NM_001257334
NM_001257335
NM_004046

NM_007505

RefSeq (protein)

NP_001001935
NP_001001937
NP_001244263
NP_001244264
NP_004037

NP_031531

Location (UCSC)Chr 18: 46.08 – 46.1 MbChr 18: 77.86 – 77.87 Mb
PubMed search[3][4]
Wikidata
View/Edit HumanView/Edit Mouse

ATP synthase F1 subunit alpha, mitochondrial is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ATP5F1A gene.[5][6]

Function

[edit]

This gene encodes a subunit of mitochondrial ATP synthase. Mitochondrial ATP synthase catalyzes ATP synthesis, using an electrochemical gradient of protons across the inner membrane during oxidative phosphorylation. ATP synthase is composed of two linked multi-subunit complexes: the soluble catalytic core, F1, and the membrane-spanning component, Fo, comprising the proton channel. The catalytic portion of mitochondrial ATP synthase consists of 5 different subunits (alpha, beta, gamma, delta, and epsilon) assembled with a stoichiometry of 3 alpha, 3 beta, and a single representative of the other 3. The proton channel consists of three main subunits (a, b, c). This gene encodes the alpha subunit of the catalytic core. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding the same protein have been identified. Pseudogenes of this gene are located on chromosomes 9, 2, and 16.[6]

Structure

[edit]

The ATP5F1A gene, located on the q arm of chromosome 18 in position 21, is made up of 13 exons and is 20,090 base pairs in length.[6] The ATP5F1A protein weighs 59.7 kDa and is composed of 553 amino acids.[7][8] The protein is a subunit of the catalytic portion of the F1Fo ATPase, also known as Complex V, which consists of 14 nuclear and 2 mitochondrial -encoded subunits. As an alpha subunit, ATP5F1A is contained within the catalytic F1 portion of the complex.[6] The nomenclature of the enzyme has a long history. The F1 fraction derives its name from the term "Fraction 1" and Fo (written as a subscript letter "o", not "zero") derives its name from being the binding fraction for oligomycin, a type of naturally-derived antibiotic that is able to inhibit the Fo unit of ATP synthase.[9][10] The F1 particle is large and can be seen in the transmission electron microscope by negative staining.[11] These are particles of 9 nm diameter that pepper the inner mitochondrial membrane. They were originally called elementary particles and were thought to contain the entire respiratory apparatus of the mitochondrion, but, through a long series of experiments, Efraim Racker and his colleagues (who first isolated the F1 particle in 1961) were able to show that this particle is correlated with ATPase activity in uncoupled mitochondria and with the ATPase activity in submitochondrial particles created by exposing mitochondria to ultrasound. This ATPase activity was further associated with the creation of ATP by a long series of experiments in many laboratories.

Function

[edit]

Mitochondrial membrane ATP synthase (F1Fo ATP synthase or Complex V) produces ATP from ADP in the presence of a proton gradient across the membrane which is generated by electron transport complexes of the respiratory chain. F-type ATPases consist of two structural domains, F1 - containing the extramembraneous catalytic core, and Fo - containing the membrane proton channel, linked together by a central stalk and a peripheral stalk. During catalysis, ATP synthesis in the catalytic domain of F1 is coupled via a rotary mechanism of the central stalk subunits to proton translocation. Subunits alpha and beta form the catalytic core in F1. Rotation of the central stalk against the surrounding alpha(3)beta(3) subunits leads to hydrolysis of ATP in three separate catalytic sites on the beta subunits. Subunit alpha does not bear the catalytic high-affinity ATP-binding sites.[12]

Clinical significance

[edit]

Mutations affecting the ATP5F1A gene cause combined oxidative phosphorylation deficiency 22 (COXPD22), a mitochondrial disorder characterized by intrauterine growth retardation, microcephaly, hypotonia, pulmonary hypertension, failure to thrive, encephalopathy, and heart failure. Mutations on the ATP5F1A gene also cause mitochondrial complex V deficiency, nuclear 4 (MC5DN4), a mitochondrial disorder with heterogeneous clinical manifestations including dysmorphic features, psychomotor retardation, hypotonia, growth retardation, cardiomyopathy, enlarged liver, hypoplastic kidneys and elevated lactate levels in urine, plasma and cerebrospinal fluid.[13]

Resveratrol inhibition of the F1 catalytic core increases adenosine monophosphate (AMP) levels, thereby activating the AMP-activated protein kinase enzyme.[14]

References

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  1. ^ a b c GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000152234Ensembl, May 2017
  2. ^ a b c GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000025428Ensembl, May 2017
  3. ^ "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
  4. ^ "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
  5. ^ Kataoka H, Biswas C (July 1991). "Nucleotide sequence of a cDNA for the alpha subunit of human mitochondrial ATP synthase". Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Gene Structure and Expression. 1089 (3): 393–5. doi:10.1016/0167-4781(91)90183-m. PMID 1830491.
  6. ^ a b c d "Entrez Gene: ATP5F1A ATP synthase F1 subunit alpha".
  7. ^ Zong NC, Li H, Li H, Lam MP, Jimenez RC, Kim CS, Deng N, Kim AK, Choi JH, Zelaya I, Liem D, Meyer D, Odeberg J, Fang C, Lu HJ, Xu T, Weiss J, Duan H, Uhlen M, Yates JR, Apweiler R, Ge J, Hermjakob H, Ping P (October 2013). "Integration of cardiac proteome biology and medicine by a specialized knowledgebase". Circulation Research. 113 (9): 1043–53. doi:10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.113.301151. PMC 4076475. PMID 23965338.
  8. ^ "ATP synthase subunit alpha, mitochondrial". Cardiac Organellar Protein Atlas Knowledgebase (COPaKB). Archived from the original on 2018-07-20. Retrieved 2018-07-18.
  9. ^ Kagawa Y, Racker E (May 1966). "Partial resolution of the enzymes catalyzing oxidative phosphorylation. 8. Properties of a factor conferring oligomycin sensitivity on mitochondrial adenosine triphosphatase". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 241 (10): 2461–6. doi:10.1016/S0021-9258(18)96640-8. PMID 4223640.
  10. ^ Mccarty RE (November 1992). "A PLANT BIOCHEMIST'S VIEW OF H+-ATPases AND ATP SYNTHASES". The Journal of Experimental Biology. 172 (Pt 1): 431–441. doi:10.1242/jeb.172.1.431. PMID 9874753.
  11. ^ Fernandez Moran H, Oda T, Blair PV, Green DE (July 1964). "A Macromolecular Repeating Unit Of Mitochondrial Structure and Function. Correlated Electron Microscopic and Biochemical Studies of Isolated Mitochondria and Submitochondrial Particles of Beef Heart Muscle". The Journal of Cell Biology. 22 (1): 63–100. doi:10.1083/jcb.22.1.63. PMC 2106494. PMID 14195622.
  12. ^ "ATP synthase subunit alpha, mitochondrial". UniProt. The UniProt Consortium.
  13. ^ "ATP5F1A". NCBI Genetics Home Resource.
  14. ^ Joshi T, Singh AK, Haratipour P, Farzaei MH (2019). "Targeting AMPK signaling pathway by natural products for treatment of diabetes mellitus and its complications". Journal of Cellular Physiology. 234 (10): 17212–17231. doi:10.1002/jcp.28528. PMID 30916407. S2CID 85533334.

Further reading

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This article incorporates text from the United States National Library of Medicine, which is in the public domain.