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'''Richard Swineshead''' (a.k.a. Suisset, Suiseth, etc.) (fl. c. [[1340]] – [[1354]]), logician and natural philosopher, was perhaps the greatest of the [[Oxford Calculators]] of [[Merton College]], where he was a [[fellow]] certainly by [[1344]] and possibly by [[1340]].
His [[magnum opus]] was a series of treatises known as the ''Liber calculationum'' ("Book of Calculations"), written c. [[1350]], which earned him the nickname of '''The Calculator'''.
'''Richard Swineshead''' (also '''Suisset''', '''Suiseth''', etc.; fl. c. 1340 – 1354) was an English mathematician, [[logician]], and [[natural philosopher]]. He was perhaps the greatest of the [[Oxford Calculators]] of [[Merton College]], where he was a [[fellow]] certainly by 1344 and possibly by 1340. His magnum opus was a series of treatises known as the ''Liber calculationum'' ("Book of Calculations"), written c. 1350, which earned him the nickname of '''The Calculator'''.<ref>{{harvnb|Boyer|1959}}, page 69.</ref>
[[File:Swineshead, Richard – Calculator, 1520 – BEIC 143141.jpg|thumb|''Calculator'', 1520]]


[[Robert_Burton_(scholar)|Robert Burton]] (d. [[1640]]) wrote in ''[[The Anatomy of Melancholy]]'' that "[[Julius_Caesar_Scaliger|Scaliger]] and [[Gerolamo_Cardano|Cardan]] admire Suisset the calculator, ''qui pene modum excessit humani ingenii'' [whose talents were almost superhuman]".<ref>Jackson, Holbrook (ed.) (1932), ''The Anatomy of Melancholy'', i.77 (in "Democritus Junior to the Reader").</ref> [[Gottfried Leibniz]] wrote in a letter of [[1714]]: "Il y a eu autrefois un Suisse, qui avoit mathématisé dans la Scholastique: ses Ouvrages sont peu connus; mais ce que j'en ai vu m'a paru profond et considérable." ("There was once a Suisse, who brought mathematics into [[scholasticism]]; his works are little known, but what I have seen of them seemed to me profound and important.")<ref>Letter to M. M. Remond de Montmorency, quoted in Lardet, Pierre (2003) "Les ambitions de Jules–César Scaliger latiniste et philosophe (1484-1558) et sa rèception posthume dans l'aire germanique de Gesner et Schegk à Leibniz et à Kant", in Kessler & Kuhn (edd.), ''Germania latina – Latinitas teutonica'', pp. 157-194.</ref> Leibniz even had a copy of one of Swineshead's treatises made from an edition in the [[Bibliothèque du Roi]] in [[Paris]].<ref>Duchesneau, François (1998) "Leibniz's Theoretical Shift in the Phoranomus and Dynamica de Potentia", ''Perspectives on Science'' 6, p. 105.</ref>
[[Robert Burton (scholar)|Robert Burton]] (d. 1640) wrote in ''[[The Anatomy of Melancholy]]'' that "[[Julius Caesar Scaliger|Scaliger]] and [[Gerolamo Cardano|Cardan]] admire Suisset the calculator, ''qui pene modum excessit humani ingenii'' [whose talents were almost superhuman]".<ref>Jackson, Holbrook (ed.) (1932), ''The Anatomy of Melancholy'', i.77 (in "Democritus Junior to the Reader").</ref> [[Gottfried Leibniz]] wrote in a letter of 1714: "Il y a eu autrefois un Suisse, qui avoit mathématisé dans la Scholastique: ses Ouvrages sont peu connus; mais ce que j'en ai vu m'a paru profond et considérable." ("There was once a Suisse, who did mathematics belonging to scholasticism; his works are little known, but what I have seen of them seemed to me profound and relevant.")<ref>Letter to M. M. Remond de Montmorency, quoted in Lardet, Pierre (2003) "Les ambitions de Jules–César Scaliger latiniste et philosophe (1484–1558) et sa rèception posthume dans l'aire germanique de Gesner et Schegk à Leibniz et à Kant", in Kessler & Kuhn (edd.), ''Germania latina – Latinitas teutonica'', pp. 157–194.</ref><ref>{{harvnb|Boyer|1959|p=88}}, says the following.
:As late as the end of the seventeenth century the reputation of Calculator was such that Leibniz on several occasions referred to him as almost the first to apply mathematics to physics and as one who introduced mathematics into philosophy.</ref> Leibniz even had a copy of one of Swineshead's treatises made from an edition in the [[Bibliothèque du Roi]] in Paris.<ref>Duchesneau, François (1998) "Leibniz's Theoretical Shift in the Phoranomus and Dynamica de Potentia", ''Perspectives on Science'' 6, p. 105.</ref>

== References ==

*Molland, George (2004) "Swineshead, Richard", ''Oxford Dictionary of National Biography''


==Notes==
==Notes==
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== References ==
<references/>
* {{cite book |first=Carl Benjamin |last=Boyer |authorlink=Carl Benjamin Boyer |title=A History of the Calculus and Its Conceptual Development |publisher=Dover |year=1959 |isbn=0-486-60509-4 |url-access=registration |url=https://archive.org/details/historyofcalculu00boye }}
* Molland, George (2004) "Swineshead, Richard", ''Oxford Dictionary of National Biography''


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[[Category:14th century philosophers|Swisshead, Richard]]
[[Category:14th-century English mathematicians]]
[[Category:14th-century philosophers]]
[[Category:14th-century writers in Latin]]
[[Category:English philosophers]]
[[Category:Fellows of Merton College, Oxford]]
[[Category:Scholastic philosophers]]
[[Category:Scholastic philosophers]]
[[Category:Medieval physicists]]
[[Category:14th-century English writers]]


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Latest revision as of 05:27, 16 December 2023

Richard Swineshead (also Suisset, Suiseth, etc.; fl. c. 1340 – 1354) was an English mathematician, logician, and natural philosopher. He was perhaps the greatest of the Oxford Calculators of Merton College, where he was a fellow certainly by 1344 and possibly by 1340. His magnum opus was a series of treatises known as the Liber calculationum ("Book of Calculations"), written c. 1350, which earned him the nickname of The Calculator.[1]

Calculator, 1520

Robert Burton (d. 1640) wrote in The Anatomy of Melancholy that "Scaliger and Cardan admire Suisset the calculator, qui pene modum excessit humani ingenii [whose talents were almost superhuman]".[2] Gottfried Leibniz wrote in a letter of 1714: "Il y a eu autrefois un Suisse, qui avoit mathématisé dans la Scholastique: ses Ouvrages sont peu connus; mais ce que j'en ai vu m'a paru profond et considérable." ("There was once a Suisse, who did mathematics belonging to scholasticism; his works are little known, but what I have seen of them seemed to me profound and relevant.")[3][4] Leibniz even had a copy of one of Swineshead's treatises made from an edition in the Bibliothèque du Roi in Paris.[5]

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^ Boyer 1959, page 69.
  2. ^ Jackson, Holbrook (ed.) (1932), The Anatomy of Melancholy, i.77 (in "Democritus Junior to the Reader").
  3. ^ Letter to M. M. Remond de Montmorency, quoted in Lardet, Pierre (2003) "Les ambitions de Jules–César Scaliger latiniste et philosophe (1484–1558) et sa rèception posthume dans l'aire germanique de Gesner et Schegk à Leibniz et à Kant", in Kessler & Kuhn (edd.), Germania latina – Latinitas teutonica, pp. 157–194.
  4. ^ Boyer 1959, p. 88, says the following.
    As late as the end of the seventeenth century the reputation of Calculator was such that Leibniz on several occasions referred to him as almost the first to apply mathematics to physics and as one who introduced mathematics into philosophy.
  5. ^ Duchesneau, François (1998) "Leibniz's Theoretical Shift in the Phoranomus and Dynamica de Potentia", Perspectives on Science 6, p. 105.

References

[edit]
  • Boyer, Carl Benjamin (1959). A History of the Calculus and Its Conceptual Development. Dover. ISBN 0-486-60509-4.
  • Molland, George (2004) "Swineshead, Richard", Oxford Dictionary of National Biography