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{{Short description|Chief executive or chief academic officer}}
{{Other uses|Principal (disambiguation){{!}}Principal}}
{{For|any other use|Principal (disambiguation){{!}}Principal}}


The '''principal''' is the [[chief executive]] and the [[Provost (education)|chief academic officer]] of a [[university]] or [[college]] in certain parts of the [[Commonwealth of Nations|Commonwealth]].
The '''principal''' is the [[chief executive]] and the [[Provost (education)|chief academic officer]] of a [[university]] or [[college]] in certain parts of the [[Commonwealth of Nations|Commonwealth]].


In the [[United States]], the '''principal''' is the [[head of school]] at most pre-university, non-boarding schools.
==Canada==
⚫
[[Queen's University]]<ref>[http://www.queensu.ca/principal/ Office of the Principal], [[Queen's University]], Canada.</ref> and [[McGill University]]<ref>[http://www.mcgill.ca/principal/ The Principal and the Vice-Chancellor], [[McGill University]], Canada.</ref> in [[Canada]] have principals instead of [[University president|presidents]] or [[Rector (academia)|rectors]], as a result of their Scottish origins. In addition [[Bishop's University]],<ref>http://www.ubishops.ca/about-bu/principal/index.html</ref> the [[Royal Military College of Canada]], and the [[Grenfell Campus]] of the [[Memorial University of Newfoundland]] also have principals.


==England==
== Canada ==
⚫
[[Queen's University at Kingston|Queen's University]],<ref>[http://www.queensu.ca/principal/ Office of the Principal] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050914014623/http://www.queensu.ca/principal/ |date=2005-09-14 }}, [[Queen's University, Canada]].</ref> the constituent colleges of the [[University of Toronto]], and [[McGill University]]<ref>[https://www.mcgill.ca/principal/ The Principal and the Vice-Chancellor] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170309065537/http://www.mcgill.ca/principal/ |date=2017-03-09 }}, [[McGill University]], Canada.</ref> in [[Canada]] have principals instead of [[University president|presidents]] or [[Rector (academia)|rectors]], as a result of their Scottish origins. In addition, [[Bishop's University]],<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.ubishops.ca/about-bu/principal/index.html |title=Principal Michael Goldbloom, C.M. - Bishop's University |access-date=2017-09-08 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150807042216/http://www.ubishops.ca/about-bu/principal/index.html |archive-date=2015-08-07 }}</ref> and the [[Royal Military College of Canada]] also have principals.
⚫
Many colleges of [[further education]] in [[England]] have a principal in charge (e.g., [[Cirencester College]]<ref>[http://www.swindon-college.ac.uk/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=553&Itemid=152 A New Principal for Swindon College], [[Swindon College]], UK.</ref> and [[West Nottinghamshire College]]<ref>Janet Murray, [http://www.guardian.co.uk/education/2008/jun/03/furthereducation The college principal]. ''[[The Guardian]]'', 3 June 2008.</ref>).


== England ==
⚫
At [[Oxford University]], many of the [[Master (college)|heads of colleges]]<ref>[http://www.ox.ac.uk/colleges/colleges_and_halls_az/ Colleges and Halls A–Z], [[University of Oxford]], UK.</ref> are known as the principal, including [[Brasenose College, Oxford|Brasenose]], [[Green Templeton College, Oxford|Green Templeton]], [[Harris Manchester College, Oxford|Harris Manchester]], [[Hertford College, Oxford|Hertford]], [[Jesus College, Oxford|Jesus]], [[Lady Margaret Hall, Oxford|Lady Margaret Hall]], [[Linacre College, Oxford|Linacre]], [[Mansfield College, Oxford|Mansfield]], [[St Anne's College, Oxford|St Anne's]], [[St Edmund Hall, Oxford|St Edmund Hall]], [[St Hilda's College, Oxford|St Hilda's]], [[St Hugh's College, Oxford|St Hugh's]], and [[Somerville College, Oxford|Somerville]].
⚫
Many colleges of [[further education]] in [[England]] have a principal in charge (e.g., [[Cirencester College]]<ref>[http://www.swindon-college.ac.uk/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=553&Itemid=152 A New Principal for Swindon College] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110724085746/http://www.swindon-college.ac.uk/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=553&Itemid=152 |date=2011-07-24 }}, [[Swindon College]], UK.</ref> and [[West Nottinghamshire College]]<ref>Janet Murray, [https://www.theguardian.com/education/2008/jun/03/furthereducation The college principal] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170510235754/https://www.theguardian.com/education/2008/jun/03/furthereducation |date=2017-05-10 }}. ''[[The Guardian]]'', 3 June 2008.</ref>).
⚫
At [[Cambridge University]], heads of [[Homerton College, Cambridge|Homerton College]] and [[Newnham College, Cambridge|Newnham College]] are known as the principal.


At [[Colleges within universities in the United Kingdom|collegiate universities]], the title of principal is used for the [[head of college]] at many colleges. These include:
At [[Durham University]], the heads of most of the colleges are known as the principal.
⚫
* The heads of [[Homerton College, Cambridge|Homerton College]] and [[Newnham College, Cambridge|Newnham College]] at [[Cambridge University]].
⚫
Several of the colleges of the [[University of London]] are led by a principal: [[King's College London|King's]], [[St George's, University of London|St George's]], [[Royal Holloway, University of London|Royal Holloway]], [[Queen Mary, University of London|Queen Mary]], the [[Royal Veterinary College]], [[SOAS, University of London|SOAS]], [[Heythrop College, London|Heythrop]], the [[Royal Academy of Music]] and the Royal [[Central School of Speech and Drama]].
* The heads of almost all of the [[Colleges of Durham University|colleges]] at [[Durham University]] (the exception being [[Hatfield College]]).
* The heads of all colleges at [[Lancaster University]].<ref name=Lancaster>{{cite web|url= https://www.lancaster.ac.uk/media/lancaster-university/content-assets/documents/strategic-planning--governance/governance/senate-key-documents/Senate-membership.pdf|title=Senate membership|website=Lancaster University|access-date=29 December 2022}}</ref>
⚫
* The heads of [[King's College London|King's]], [[St George's, University of London|St George's]], [[Royal Holloway, University of London|Royal Holloway]], [[Queen Mary, University of London|Queen Mary]], the [[Royal Veterinary College]], the [[Royal Academy of Music]] and the Royal [[Central School of Speech and Drama]] at the [[University of London]].
⚫
* The heads of [[Brasenose College, Oxford|Brasenose]], [[Green Templeton College, Oxford|Green Templeton]], [[Harris Manchester College, Oxford|Harris Manchester]], [[Hertford College, Oxford|Hertford]], [[Jesus College, Oxford|Jesus]], [[Lady Margaret Hall, Oxford|Lady Margaret Hall]], [[Linacre College, Oxford|Linacre]], [[Mansfield College, Oxford|Mansfield]], [[St Anne's College, Oxford|St Anne's]], [[St Edmund Hall, Oxford|St Edmund Hall]], [[St Hilda's College, Oxford|St Hilda's]], [[St Hugh's College, Oxford|St Hugh's]] and [[Somerville College, Oxford|Somerville]] at [[Oxford University]].<ref>[http://www.ox.ac.uk/colleges/colleges_and_halls_az/ Colleges and Halls A–Z] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100323031732/http://www.ox.ac.uk/colleges/colleges_and_halls_az/ |date=2010-03-23 }}, [[University of Oxford]], UK.</ref>
* The heads of [[Constantine College, York|Constantine College]], [[Derwent College, York|Derwent College]], [[Langwith College, York|Langwith College]], [[Vanbrugh College, York|Vanbraugh College]], and [[Wentworth College, York|Wentworth College]] at the [[University of York]].


==Scotland==
==Scotland==
{{See also|Ancient university governance in Scotland}}
{{See also|Ancient university governance in Scotland}}
In [[Scotland]] the principal is appointed by the [[University Court]] or governing body of the University and will be [[chairman]] or [[president]] of the body of academics. In the case of the [[ancient universities of Scotland]] the principal is president of the [[Academic Senate]]. The principal also holds the title of [[vice-chancellor]], but their powers with regard to this position extend only to the awarding of degrees, as both the vice-chancellor and [[Chancellor (education)|chancellor]] are [[titular ruler|titular]] posts.
In [[Scotland]] the principal is appointed by the [[University Court]] or governing body of the university and will be [[chairman]] or [[president (education)|president]] of the body of academics. In the case of the [[ancient universities of Scotland]] the principal is president of the [[Academic Senate]]. The principal also holds the title of [[vice-chancellor]], but their powers with regard to this position extend only to the awarding of degrees, as both the vice-chancellor and [[Chancellor (education)|chancellor]] are [[titular ruler|titular]] posts.


== See also ==
==United States==
{{update section|date=July 2014}}
* [[Head teacher]]
In 1999, there were about 133,000 principals and assistant principals in the United States.<ref>[http://nces.ed.gov/pubs2002/2002130.pdf Digest of Education Statistics 2001]</ref> In the early decades of public education,{{Clarify|date=September 2019}} the full title was "principal teacher", which accounts for the present-day title having an adjectival form, essentially being a shortened version of the original full title. Yet the terms ''head(master/mistress)'' and ''head of school'' are still used in older schools, such as in Louisiana and some southern small towns. School principals in the United States are sometimes required to have school administrator licensing, and often, a master's degree in educational administration.<ref>{{cite web|title=Online Schools Offering Education Administration Degrees|url=https://www.elearners.com/online-degrees/education/administration-leadership/|access-date=12 July 2013}}</ref><ref>Kate Rousmaniere, ''The Principal's Office: A Social History of the American School Principal'' (State University of New York Press; 2013) 197 pages</ref>


== References ==
== References ==
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[[Category:Academic administration]]
[[Category:Academic administration]]
[[Category:Universities in Scotland|*Principal]]

Latest revision as of 02:20, 6 December 2023

For any other use, see Principal.

The principal is the chief executive and the chief academic officer of a university or college in certain parts of the Commonwealth.

In the United States, the principal is the head of school at most pre-university, non-boarding schools.

Canada

[edit]

Queen's University,[1] the constituent colleges of the University of Toronto, and McGill University[2] in Canada have principals instead of presidents or rectors, as a result of their Scottish origins. In addition, Bishop's University,[3] and the Royal Military College of Canada also have principals.

England

[edit]

Many colleges of further education in England have a principal in charge (e.g., Cirencester College[4] and West Nottinghamshire College[5]).

At collegiate universities, the title of principal is used for the head of college at many colleges. These include:

Scotland

[edit]
See also: Ancient university governance in Scotland

In Scotland the principal is appointed by the University Court or governing body of the university and will be chairman or president of the body of academics. In the case of the ancient universities of Scotland the principal is president of the Academic Senate. The principal also holds the title of vice-chancellor, but their powers with regard to this position extend only to the awarding of degrees, as both the vice-chancellor and chancellor are titular posts.

United States

[edit]

In 1999, there were about 133,000 principals and assistant principals in the United States.[8] In the early decades of public education,[clarification needed] the full title was "principal teacher", which accounts for the present-day title having an adjectival form, essentially being a shortened version of the original full title. Yet the terms head(master/mistress) and head of school are still used in older schools, such as in Louisiana and some southern small towns. School principals in the United States are sometimes required to have school administrator licensing, and often, a master's degree in educational administration.[9][10]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Office of the Principal Archived 2005-09-14 at the Wayback Machine, Queen's University, Canada.
  2. ^ The Principal and the Vice-Chancellor Archived 2017-03-09 at the Wayback Machine, McGill University, Canada.
  3. ^ "Principal Michael Goldbloom, C.M. - Bishop's University". Archived from the original on 2015-08-07. Retrieved 2017-09-08.
  4. ^ A New Principal for Swindon College Archived 2011-07-24 at the Wayback Machine, Swindon College, UK.
  5. ^ Janet Murray, The college principal Archived 2017-05-10 at the Wayback Machine. The Guardian, 3 June 2008.
  6. ^ "Senate membership" (PDF). Lancaster University. Retrieved 29 December 2022.
  7. ^ Colleges and Halls A–Z Archived 2010-03-23 at the Wayback Machine, University of Oxford, UK.
  8. ^ Digest of Education Statistics 2001
  9. ^ "Online Schools Offering Education Administration Degrees". Retrieved 12 July 2013.
  10. ^ Kate Rousmaniere, The Principal's Office: A Social History of the American School Principal (State University of New York Press; 2013) 197 pages
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