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{{infobox war faction
{{infobox war faction
|name=People's Popular Committees<br />Lijan militias <br />اللجان الشعبية<br />al-Lijan al-Sha'biyah
|name=People's Popular Committees<br />Lijan militias <br />اللجان الشعبية<br />al-Lijan al-Sha'biyah
|native_nameاللجان الشعبية
|native_name=اللجان الشعبية
|native_name_lang Arabic
|native_name_lang = ar
|war=[[Syrian civil war]]
|war=the [[Syrian Civil War]]
|image=
|image=
|caption=
|caption=
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|groups=
|groups=
|headquarters=
|headquarters=
|area=from [[Aleppo]] to [[Al-Suwayda Governorate]]
|area=From [[Aleppo]] to [[Al-Suwayda Governorate]]
|strength=2,000–5,000{{citation needed|date=December 2012}}
|size=2,000–5,000{{citation needed|date=December 2012}}
|partof=
|partof=
|predecessor=
|previous=
|next={{flagicon|Syria}} [[National Defense Force (Syria)|National Defense Force]]
|successor={{flagicon image|InfoboxNDF.png}} [[National Defense Force (Syria)|National Defense Force]]
|allies={{flagicon|Syria}} [[Syrian Arab Army]] <br />[[Shabiha]]<br>[[al-Abbas brigade]]
|allies={{flagicon|Syria}} [[Syrian Army]] <br />[[Shabiha]]<br />[[Liwa Abu al-Fadhal al-Abbas]]
|opponents=[[File:Syria-flag 1932-58 1961-63.svg|23px]] [[Free Syrian Army]]<br>[[File:Flag of Jabhat al-Nusra.jpg|22px]] [[Al-Nusra Front]]<br> [[Ahrar al-Sham]]
|opponents={{flagdeco|Syrian Opposition}} [[Free Syrian Army]]<br />{{flagicon image|Flag of the Al-Nusra Front (Variant).svg}} [[Al-Nusra Front]]<br />{{Flagicon image|}} [[Ahrar ash-Sham]]<br />{{flagicon image|People's Protection Units Flag.svg|border=no}} [[People's Protection Units]]
|battles=[[Rif Dimashq offensive]]<br /> [[Battle of Aleppo (2012)]]
|battles=[[Syrian Civil War]]
*[[Rif Dimashq offensive (disambiguation)|Rif Dimashq offensive]]s<!--intentional link to DAB page-->
*[[Battle of Aleppo (2012–16)]]
*[[Al-Hasakah Governorate campaign (2012–13)]]
*[[Battle of Maaloula]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://en.etilaf.org/press/protecting-civilians-and-safeguarding-cultural-heritage|title=Protecting Civilians and Safeguarding Cultural Heritage|author=|work=National Coalition of Syrian Revolution and Opposition Forces|date=6 September 2013|access-date=19 October 2023}}</ref>
|url=
|url=
}}
}}
⚫
The '''Popular Committees''' (also called '''Lijan militias'''; {{lang-ar|اللجان الشعبية}} ''al-Lijan al-Sha'biyah'', meaning "people's committees")<!-- "al-Lijan" means "committees" and "al-Sha'biyah" means "people's" --> were militias that emerged in [[Syria]] during the [[Syrian Civil War]]. They originated as neighborhood [[vigilante]] groups in the [[Christianity in Syria|Christian]], [[Druze]] and [[Shia Islam|Alawi and Shia Muslim]] quarters of Damascus and elsewhere to prevent the infiltration of [[Sunni Islam|Sunni]]-dominated [[Syrian opposition|rebel groups]].<ref name="reuters1">{{cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-syria-crisis-militias-idUSBRE88612V20120907 |title=Insight: Minority militias stir fears of sectarian war in Damascus |work=Reuters |date= 7 September 2012|accessdate=2012-09-08}}</ref> However, the Popular Committees included a significant number of pro-regime [[Sunni Islam|Sunni Muslims]] as well.


⚫
The Popular Committees were armed by the Syrian government and manned checkpoints around their districts.<ref name="reuters1"/> They have been accused of carrying out extrajudicial executions and revenge killings.<ref name="reuters1"/> Reuters quoted a Druze resident of [[Jaramana]]: "[The government] say the Lijans help us protect ourselves, but really they just wanted to light the sectarian fuse in Damascus".<ref name="reuters1"/> ''[[StrategyPage]]'' claimed that the Syrian Army offered weapons to minority communities in contested cities: "if the minorities will form self-defense militias and keep rebels out, the Army will not fire artillery at those neighborhoods".<ref name=strategy>[http://www.strategypage.com/qnd/syria/articles/20120914.aspx "The Bloody Long Shot"]. ''StrategyPage'', 14 September 2012.</ref> Tony Badran of ''Now Lebanon'' commented: "Assad seeks to assemble the minorities around him in order to present himself as the sole and unavoidable interlocutor on behalf of these segments of Syrian society, where he has cultivated loyal patches".<ref name=badran>Badran, Tony. [http://www.nowlebanon.com/NewsArticleDetails.aspx?ID=434289&MID=0&PID=0 "The minority strategy"]{{Dead link|date=March 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}. ''Now Lebanon'', 8 September 2012.</ref> [[Iran]] has assisted in setting up and training Shia militias in Syria.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://boramacity.com/2012/2850/ |access-date=2012-09-14 |title=Archived copy |archive-date=2016-05-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160513054545/http://boramacity.com/2012/2850/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>
⚫
The '''Popular Committees''' (also called '''Lijan militias'''; {{lang-ar|اللجان الشعبية}} ''al-Lijan al-Sha'biyah'', meaning "people's committees")<!-- "al-Lijan" means "committees" and "al-Sha'biyah" means "people's" --> were militias that emerged in [[Syria]] during the [[Syrian civil war]]. They originated as neighborhood [[vigilante]] groups in the [[Christianity in Syria|Christian]], [[Druze]] and [[Shia Islam|Alawi and Shia Muslim]] quarters of Damascus and elsewhere to prevent the infiltration of terrorists, [[Sunni Islam|Sunni]]-dominated [[Syrian opposition|rebel groups]].<ref name="reuters1">{{cite web|url=http://www.reuters.com/article/2012/09/07/us-syria-crisis-militias-idUSBRE88612V20120907 |title=Insight: Minority militias stir fears of sectarian war in Damascus |publisher=Reuters |date= |accessdate=2012-09-08}}</ref> However, the Popular Committees included a significant number of [[Sunni Islam|Sunni Muslims]] as well.


⚫
In [[Aleppo]], some residents claimed that the Syrian Army organized a Christian militia during fighting there in August 2012.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.upi.com/Top_News/World-News/2012/09/06/Militias-form-as-Aleppo-clashes-stalemate/UPI-66041346913000/?spt=hts&or=3 |title=Militias form as Aleppo clashes stalemate |publisher=UPI.com |date=2012-07-19 |accessdate=2012-09-08}}</ref> In the [[Al-Jdayde|Jdeideh]] quarter, the Christian militia was allegedly the first to fight against rebels.<ref>{{cite web|last=Sherlock |first=Ruth |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/middleeast/syria/9539244/Syria-Christians-take-up-arms-for-first-time.html |title=Syria: Christians take up arms for first time |publisher=Telegraph |date=2012-09-12 |accessdate=2013-09-03}}</ref> The day after a bombing killed four government officials, including the Greek Orthodox Christian Syrian Minister of Defence, General [[Dawoud Rajiha]], it was reported by residents that at least 200 [[AK-47s]] were handed out in a Christian neighborhood of Damascus.<ref>{{cite web|last=Dagher |first=Sam |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424052702303644004577524653025270434 |title=Syrian Conflict Draws In Christians - WSJ.com |publisher=Online.wsj.com |date=2012-07-23 |accessdate=2012-09-08}}</ref>
⚫
The Popular Committees were reportedly armed by the Syrian government and manned checkpoints around their districts.<ref name="reuters1"/> They were accused by residents of carrying out extrajudicial executions and revenge killings.<ref name="reuters1"/> Reuters quoted a Druze resident of Jaramana: "[The government] say the Lijans help us protect ourselves, but really they just wanted to light the sectarian fuse in Damascus".<ref name="reuters1"/> ''StrategyPage'' claimed that the Syrian Army offered weapons to minority communities in contested cities: "if the minorities will form self-defense militias and keep rebels out, the Army will not fire artillery at those neighborhoods".<ref name=strategy>[http://www.strategypage.com/qnd/syria/articles/20120914.aspx "The Bloody Long Shot"]. ''StrategyPage'', 14 September 2012.</ref> Tony Badran of ''Now Lebanon'' commented: "Assad seeks to assemble the minorities around him in order to present himself as the sole and unavoidable interlocutor on behalf of these segments of Syrian society, where he has cultivated loyal patches".<ref name=badran>Badran, Tony. [http://www.nowlebanon.com/NewsArticleDetails.aspx?ID=434289&MID=0&PID=0 "The minority strategy"]. ''Now Lebanon'', 8 September 2012.</ref> The United States has also accused [[Iran]] of setting up and training Shia militias in Syria.<ref>http://boramacity.com/2012/2850/</ref>


⚫
From around mid-2012, hundreds of Popular Committees and other irregular paramilitary groups were merged into what became the [[National Defence Force (Syria)|National Defence Force]], bringing more organisation to the groups and subordinating them within the Syrian security structures.<ref name="ctc270813">{{cite web |url=http://www.ctc.usma.edu/posts/the-non-state-militant-landscape-in-syria |title=The Non-State Militant Landscape in Syria |last=Lund |first=Aron |publisher=[[CTC Sentinel]] |date=2013-08-27 |accessdate=2013-08-28 |archive-date=2013-10-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131007045801/http://www.ctc.usma.edu/posts/the-non-state-militant-landscape-in-syria |url-status=dead }}</ref>
⚫
In [[Aleppo]], some residents claimed that the Syrian Army organized a Christian militia during fighting there in August 2012.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.upi.com/Top_News/World-News/2012/09/06/Militias-form-as-Aleppo-clashes-stalemate/UPI-66041346913000/?spt=hts&or=3 |title=Militias form as Aleppo clashes stalemate |publisher=UPI.com |date=2012-07-19 |accessdate=2012-09-08}}</ref> In the Jdeideh quarter, the Christian militia was allegedly the first to fight against rebels.<ref>{{cite web|last=Sherlock |first=Ruth |url=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/middleeast/syria/9539244/Syria-Christians-take-up-arms-for-first-time.html |title=Syria: Christians take up arms for first time |publisher=Telegraph |date=2012-09-12 |accessdate=2013-09-03}}</ref> The day after a bombing killed four government officials, including the Greek Orthodox Christian Syrian Minister of Defence, General [[Dawoud Rajiha]], it was reported by residents that at least 200 AK-47s were handed out in a Christian neighborhood of Damascus.<ref>{{cite web|last=Dagher |first=Sam |url=http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424052702303644004577524653025270434.html |title=Syrian Conflict Draws In Christians - WSJ.com |publisher=Online.wsj.com |date=2012-07-23 |accessdate=2012-09-08}}</ref>


⚫
From around mid-2012, hundreds of Popular Committees and other irregular paramilitary groups were merged into what became the [[National Defense Force (Syria)|National Defense Force]], bringing more organisation to the groups and subordinating them within the Syrian security structures.<ref name="ctc270813">{{cite web|url=http://www.ctc.usma.edu/posts/the-non-state-militant-landscape-in-syria |title=The Non-State Militant Landscape in Syria |last=Lund |first=Aron |publisher=[[CTC Sentinel]]|date=2013-08-27 |accessdate=2013-08-28}}</ref>
==See also ==
==See also ==
*[[List of armed groups in the Syrian civil war]]
* [[List of armed groups in the Syrian Civil War]]

==References==
==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{Reflist}}
Line 37: Line 42:
{{Syrian civil war}}
{{Syrian civil war}}


[[Category:Pro-government factions of the Syrian Civil War]]
[[Category:Pro-government factions of the Syrian civil war]]
[[Category:Axis of Resistance]]

Latest revision as of 14:56, 5 December 2023

People's Popular Committees
Lijan militias
اللجان الشعبية
al-Lijan al-Sha'biyah
اللجان الشعبية
Dates of operation2012
Active regionsFrom Aleppo to Al-Suwayda Governorate
Size2,000–5,000[citation needed]
AlliesSyria Syrian Army
Shabiha
Liwa Abu al-Fadhal al-Abbas
Opponents Free Syrian Army
Al-Nusra Front
Ahrar ash-Sham
People's Protection Units
Battles and warsSyrian Civil War

The Popular Committees (also called Lijan militias; Arabic: اللجان الشعبية al-Lijan al-Sha'biyah, meaning "people's committees") were militias that emerged in Syria during the Syrian Civil War. They originated as neighborhood vigilante groups in the Christian, Druze and Alawi and Shia Muslim quarters of Damascus and elsewhere to prevent the infiltration of Sunni-dominated rebel groups.[2] However, the Popular Committees included a significant number of pro-regime Sunni Muslims as well.

The Popular Committees were armed by the Syrian government and manned checkpoints around their districts.[2] They have been accused of carrying out extrajudicial executions and revenge killings.[2] Reuters quoted a Druze resident of Jaramana: "[The government] say the Lijans help us protect ourselves, but really they just wanted to light the sectarian fuse in Damascus".[2] StrategyPage claimed that the Syrian Army offered weapons to minority communities in contested cities: "if the minorities will form self-defense militias and keep rebels out, the Army will not fire artillery at those neighborhoods".[3] Tony Badran of Now Lebanon commented: "Assad seeks to assemble the minorities around him in order to present himself as the sole and unavoidable interlocutor on behalf of these segments of Syrian society, where he has cultivated loyal patches".[4] Iran has assisted in setting up and training Shia militias in Syria.[5]

In Aleppo, some residents claimed that the Syrian Army organized a Christian militia during fighting there in August 2012.[6] In the Jdeideh quarter, the Christian militia was allegedly the first to fight against rebels.[7] The day after a bombing killed four government officials, including the Greek Orthodox Christian Syrian Minister of Defence, General Dawoud Rajiha, it was reported by residents that at least 200 AK-47s were handed out in a Christian neighborhood of Damascus.[8]

From around mid-2012, hundreds of Popular Committees and other irregular paramilitary groups were merged into what became the National Defence Force, bringing more organisation to the groups and subordinating them within the Syrian security structures.[9]

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ "Protecting Civilians and Safeguarding Cultural Heritage". National Coalition of Syrian Revolution and Opposition Forces. 6 September 2013. Retrieved 19 October 2023.
  2. ^ a b c d "Insight: Minority militias stir fears of sectarian war in Damascus". Reuters. 7 September 2012. Retrieved 2012-09-08.
  3. ^ "The Bloody Long Shot". StrategyPage, 14 September 2012.
  4. ^ Badran, Tony. "The minority strategy"[permanent dead link]. Now Lebanon, 8 September 2012.
  5. ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2016-05-13. Retrieved 2012-09-14.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  6. ^ "Militias form as Aleppo clashes stalemate". UPI.com. 2012-07-19. Retrieved 2012-09-08.
  7. ^ Sherlock, Ruth (2012-09-12). "Syria: Christians take up arms for first time". Telegraph. Retrieved 2013-09-03.
  8. ^ Dagher, Sam (2012-07-23). "Syrian Conflict Draws In Christians - WSJ.com". Online.wsj.com. Retrieved 2012-09-08.
  9. ^ Lund, Aron (2013-08-27). "The Non-State Militant Landscape in Syria". CTC Sentinel. Archived from the original on 2013-10-07. Retrieved 2013-08-28.
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