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In indigenous communities of the Ecuadorian highlands, a pampa mesa or pamba mesa is a communal meal of food laid directly on a cloth spread on the ground.^[2]^[3] The meal is seen as an act of social solidarity; it also has mythological connotations.

Etymology

The name "pampa mesa" comes from the Kichwa pampa, meaning "ground"^[4] or "plain",^[5] and Spanish mesa, meaning "table".^[6]

Description

The origins of the pampa mesa tradition are unknown.^[7] Pampa mesas often are used at festivals, at family celebrations, or after mingas (gatherings for communal work).^[2]^[7]^[8]

For a pampa mesa, a long, typically white cloth is spread on the ground.^[7]^[9] Traditionally, participants in a pampa mesa bring the food they are able to share, and each spreads the food he or she brought along the cloth for all to eat.^[2]^[7]^[9]^[10] Once the food is spread along the cloth, participants sit along the cloth and use their hands to eat, rather than using utensils and dishes.^[2]^[7]^[8] Before eating, a community leader may give thanks for the food, and a portion of the food may be buried as an offering to the earth mother.^[8]

The food on a pampa mesa tends to be largely staple items such as mote, potatoes, quinoa, oca, carrots, and fava beans.^[2]^[7]^[10]^[11] Sometimes, cuy (guinea pig) and other meats are present.^[7] Flowers and fruits may be used to decorate the pampa mesa.^[8] The spicy condiment ají frequently is served alongside the pampa mesa.^[12] The fermented beverage chicha de jora sometimes accompanies a pampa mesa.^[8]

Interpretation

Pampa mesas are a form of social solidarity: all contribute as they are able, and partake as they wish.^[2]^[8]^[10]^[11] Some believe that sitting on the earth and eating from a pampa mesa is a form of connection with Pachamama (earth mother), a goddess in Inca mythology who continues to be an object of reverence in Ecuador.^[2]^[8]^[12] A pampa mesa also may be seen as an act of thanksgiving for the harvest.^[12]

Similar practices

A similar tradition in Peru and Bolivia is called apthapi.^[13]

References

^ Drake, Angie. "Celebrating Carnival in Ecuador". Retrieved 20 August 2019.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g Marín, Jaime (June 26, 2017). "La pampamesa, antiguo ritual con significado espiritual" [The pampamesa, ancient ritual with spiritual significance]. Diario Expreso (in Spanish). Archived from the original on July 3, 2019. Retrieved July 3, 2019.
^ "Tradición ancestral con la pampamesa" [Ancestral tradition with the pampamesa]. Diario El Norte (in Spanish). March 20, 2019. Archived from the original on July 3, 2019. Retrieved July 3, 2019.
^ Sandoval, Angel Herbas (1998). Diccionario quichua a castellano (in Quechua and Spanish). Tunturi Qañiywa. p. 313.
^ Markham, Sir Clements Robert (1972). Contributions Towards a Grammar and Dictionary of Quichua: The Language of the Incas of Peru. Biblio Verlag. p. 210. ISBN 9783764804916.
^ Carvajal, Carol Styles; Horwood, Jane; Rollin, Nicholas (2004). Concise Oxford Spanish Dictionary: Spanish-English/English-Spanish (in Spanish). Oxford University Press. pp. 424. ISBN 9780198609773. mesa table spanish dictionary.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g Glosario del Patrimonio Inmaterial del Azuay [Glossary of Immaterial Patrimony of Azuay] (in Spanish). Cuenca, Ecuador: Instituto Nacional del Patrimonio Inmaterial. 2010. p. 202. Archived from the original on 2019-07-05. Retrieved 2019-07-05.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g Márquez, Cristina (May 6, 2015). "La pambamesa es el refrigerio de moda en Riobamba" [The pambamesa is the trendy catered meal in Riobamba]. El Comercio (in Spanish). Archived from the original on July 3, 2019. Retrieved July 3, 2019.
^ ^a ^b "La Pampa Mesa sobre un mantel azul (primera parte)" [The Pampa Mesa on a blue tablecloth (first part)]. La Tarde (in Spanish). September 27, 2016. Archived from the original on July 3, 2019. Retrieved July 3, 2019.
^ ^a ^b ^c "La pamba mesa, un verdadero ritual" [The pamba mesa, a true ritual]. La Hora (in Spanish). January 13, 2017. Archived from the original on July 3, 2019. Retrieved July 3, 2019.
^ ^a ^b "La pamba mesa: Tradición para compartir en comunidad" [The pamba mesa: Tradition to share in community]. La Hora (in Spanish). September 27, 2015. Archived from the original on July 3, 2019. Retrieved July 3, 2019.
^ ^a ^b ^c "Alimentos que se comparten en la Pampa mesa" [Foods that are shared in the Pampa mesa]. El Tiempo (in Spanish). June 23, 2016. Archived from the original on July 3, 2019. Retrieved July 3, 2019.
^ Matute García, Segundo Patricio; Parra Contreras, Adriana Cristina; Parra Parra, Jorge Leonidas (December 2018). "Alimentos ancestrales que sanan" [Ancestral foods that heal]. Revista de la Facultad de Ciéncias Medicas de la Universidad de Cuenca (in Spanish). 36 (3): 52–58. ISSN 2661-6777. Archived from the original on 2019-07-05. Retrieved 2019-07-05.

[drake19jan2019-1] Drake, Angie. "Celebrating Carnival in Ecuador". Retrieved 20 August 2019.

[antiguo-2] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g Marín, Jaime (June 26, 2017). "La pampamesa, antiguo ritual con significado espiritual" [The pampamesa, ancient ritual with spiritual significance]. Diario Expreso (in Spanish). Archived from the original on July 3, 2019. Retrieved July 3, 2019.

[tradicion-3] "Tradición ancestral con la pampamesa" [Ancestral tradition with the pampamesa]. Diario El Norte (in Spanish). March 20, 2019. Archived from the original on July 3, 2019. Retrieved July 3, 2019.

[4] Sandoval, Angel Herbas (1998). Diccionario quichua a castellano (in Quechua and Spanish). Tunturi Qañiywa. p. 313.

[5] Markham, Sir Clements Robert (1972). Contributions Towards a Grammar and Dictionary of Quichua: The Language of the Incas of Peru. Biblio Verlag. p. 210. ISBN 9783764804916.

[6] Carvajal, Carol Styles; Horwood, Jane; Rollin, Nicholas (2004). Concise Oxford Spanish Dictionary: Spanish-English/English-Spanish (in Spanish). Oxford University Press. pp. 424. ISBN 9780198609773. mesa table spanish dictionary.

[glosario-7] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g Glosario del Patrimonio Inmaterial del Azuay [Glossary of Immaterial Patrimony of Azuay] (in Spanish). Cuenca, Ecuador: Instituto Nacional del Patrimonio Inmaterial. 2010. p. 202. Archived from the original on 2019-07-05. Retrieved 2019-07-05.

[refrigerio-8] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g Márquez, Cristina (May 6, 2015). "La pambamesa es el refrigerio de moda en Riobamba" [The pambamesa is the trendy catered meal in Riobamba]. El Comercio (in Spanish). Archived from the original on July 3, 2019. Retrieved July 3, 2019.

[azul-9] "La Pampa Mesa sobre un mantel azul (primera parte)" [The Pampa Mesa on a blue tablecloth (first part)]. La Tarde (in Spanish). September 27, 2016. Archived from the original on July 3, 2019. Retrieved July 3, 2019.

[ritual-10] "La pamba mesa, un verdadero ritual" [The pamba mesa, a true ritual]. La Hora (in Spanish). January 13, 2017. Archived from the original on July 3, 2019. Retrieved July 3, 2019.

[compartir-11] "La pamba mesa: Tradición para compartir en comunidad" [The pamba mesa: Tradition to share in community]. La Hora (in Spanish). September 27, 2015. Archived from the original on July 3, 2019. Retrieved July 3, 2019.

[alimentos-12] "Alimentos que se comparten en la Pampa mesa" [Foods that are shared in the Pampa mesa]. El Tiempo (in Spanish). June 23, 2016. Archived from the original on July 3, 2019. Retrieved July 3, 2019.

[13] Matute García, Segundo Patricio; Parra Contreras, Adriana Cristina; Parra Parra, Jorge Leonidas (December 2018). "Alimentos ancestrales que sanan" [Ancestral foods that heal]. Revista de la Facultad de Ciéncias Medicas de la Universidad de Cuenca (in Spanish). 36 (3): 52–58. ISSN 2661-6777. Archived from the original on 2019-07-05. Retrieved 2019-07-05.

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+{{short description|Communal meal in Ecuador, with food laid directly on a cloth spread on the ground}}
-[[File:Pampa mesa.jpg|thumb|Pampa mesa]]
+[[File:Pampa mesa.jpg|thumb|Pampa mesa during [[Carnival]] (Carnaval)<ref name="drake19jan2019">{{cite web |last1=Drake |first1=Angie |title=Celebrating Carnival in Ecuador |url=https://www.notyouraverageamerican.com/celebrating-carnival-ecuador/?cn-reloaded=1 |access-date=20 August 2019}}</ref> in [[Parcoloma, Ecuador]]]]
-In [[Indigenous peoples in Ecuador|indigenous communities]] of the [[Ecuador]]ian highlands, a '''pampa mesa''' or '''pamba mesa''' (pampa = ground in [[Kichwa language|Kichwa]], mesa = table in Spanish) is a banquet of communal food laid directly on a tablecloth spread on the ground.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://lahora.com.ec/noticia/1102020276/la-pamba-mesa-un-verdadero-ritual-|title=La pamba mesa, un verdadero ritual|last=|first=|date=January 13, 2017|work=[[La Hora]]|access-date=July 3, 2019|language=Spanish}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.late.com.ec/2016/09/27/la-pampa-mesa-sobre-un-mantel-azul-primera-parte/|title=La Pampa Mesa sobre un mantel azul (primera parte)|last=|first=|date=September 27, 2016|work=La Tarde|access-date=July 3, 2019|language=Spanish}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.lahora.com.ec/noticia/1101867812/la-pamba-mesa-tradicin-para-compartir-en-comunidad-|title=La pamba mesa: Tradición para compartir en comunidad|last=|first=|date=September 27, 2015|work=[[La Hora]]|access-date=July 3, 2019|language=Spanish}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.elespectadorazogues.com/?p=1491|title=Pampamesa: parte de la tradición y cultura|last=Novillo Alvarez|first=Carlos|date=August 8, 2015|work=El Espectador (Azogues)|access-date=July 3, 2019|language=Spanish}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.elnorte.ec/intercultural/tradicion-ancestral-con-la-pampamesa-CE350433|title=Tradición ancestral con la pampamesa|last=|first=|date=March 20, 2019|work=Diario El Norte|access-date=July 3, 2019|language=Spanish}}</ref>
+In [[Indigenous peoples in Ecuador|indigenous communities]] of the [[Ecuador]]ian highlands, a '''pampa mesa''' or '''pamba mesa''' is a communal meal of food laid directly on a cloth spread on the ground.<ref name="antiguo">{{Cite news|url=https://www.expreso.ec/actualidad/la-pampamesa-antiguo-ritual-con-significado-espiritual-DM1493036|title=La pampamesa, antiguo ritual con significado espiritual|last=Marín|first=Jaime|date=June 26, 2017|work=Diario Expreso|access-date=July 3, 2019|language=es|trans-title=The pampamesa, ancient ritual with spiritual significance|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190703231428/https://www.expreso.ec/actualidad/la-pampamesa-antiguo-ritual-con-significado-espiritual-DM1493036|archive-date=July 3, 2019|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="tradicion">{{Cite news|url=https://www.elnorte.ec/intercultural/tradicion-ancestral-con-la-pampamesa-CE350433|title=Tradición ancestral con la pampamesa|date=March 20, 2019|work=Diario El Norte|access-date=July 3, 2019|language=es|trans-title=Ancestral tradition with the pampamesa|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190703231426/https://www.elnorte.ec/intercultural/tradicion-ancestral-con-la-pampamesa-CE350433|archive-date=July 3, 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> The meal is seen as an act of social solidarity; it also has mythological connotations.
-Pampa mesas are often used at festivals or after [[Minka (communal work)|minga]]s (gatherings for communal work). The food on a pampa mesa tends to be largely staple foods like [[mote (food)#Ecuador|mote]], [[potatoes]], [[yuca]], and [[fava beans]]. [[Guinea pig|Cuy]] (guinea pig) and other meats are sometimes present. The foods served vary according to what is grown locally.
+==Etymology==
-Those eating from the pampa mesa typically use their hands to eat, rather than using silverware and dishes.
+The name "pampa mesa" comes from the [[Kichwa language|Kichwa]] ''pampa'', meaning "ground"<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fL8uAAAAYAAJ&q=pampa+suelo|title=Diccionario quichua a castellano|last=Sandoval|first=Angel Herbas|date=1998|publisher=Tunturi Qañiywa|pages=313|language=qu, es}}</ref> or "plain",<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=E8kuAAAAYAAJ&q=pampa+plain|title=Contributions Towards a Grammar and Dictionary of Quichua: The Language of the Incas of Peru|last=Markham|first=Sir Clements Robert|date=1972|publisher=Biblio Verlag|pages=210|isbn=9783764804916 |language=en}}</ref> and [[Spanish language|Spanish]] ''mesa'', meaning "table".<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780198609773|url-access=registration|quote=mesa table spanish dictionary.|title=Concise Oxford Spanish Dictionary: Spanish-English/English-Spanish|last1=Carvajal|first1=Carol Styles|last2=Horwood|first2=Jane|last3=Rollin|first3=Nicholas|date=2004|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=9780198609773|pages=[https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780198609773/page/424 424]|language=es}}</ref>
+==Description==
-Pampa mesas are a form of social solidarity: Families from the community contribute food for the pampa mesa, and all may partake.<ref name=antiguo>{{Cite news|url=https://www.expreso.ec/actualidad/la-pampamesa-antiguo-ritual-con-significado-espiritual-DM1493036|title=La pampamesa, antiguo ritual con significado espiritual|last=Marin|first=Jaime|date=June 26, 2017|work=Diario Expreso|access-date=July 3, 2019|language=Spanish}}</ref> Eating from a pampa mesa is believed by some to be a form of connection with [[Pachamama]], the principal goddess in [[Inca mythology]] who continues to be an object of worship in Ecuador.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.eltiempo.com.ec/noticias/cultura/7/alimentos-que-se-comparten-en-la-pampa-mesa|title=Alimentos que se comparten en la Pampa mesa|last=|first=|date=June 23, 2016|work=[[El Tiempo (Ecuador)|El Tiempo]]|access-date=July 3, 2019|language=Spanish}}</ref><ref name=refrigerio>{{Cite news|url=https://www.elcomercio.com/actualidad/ecuador-riobamba-pambamesa-refrigerio-tradicion.html|title=La pambamesa es el refrigerio de moda en Riobamba|last=Márquez|first=Cristina|date=May 6, 2015|work=El Comercio|access-date=July 3, 2019|language=Spanish}}</ref>
+The origins of the pampa mesa tradition are unknown.<ref name="glosario">{{cite book|url=http://patrimoniocultural.gob.ec/glosario-patrimonio-inmaterial/|title=Glosario del Patrimonio Inmaterial del Azuay|date=2010|publisher=Instituto Nacional del Patrimonio Inmaterial|location=Cuenca, Ecuador|page=202|language=es|trans-title=Glossary of Immaterial Patrimony of Azuay|access-date=2019-07-05|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190705164534/http://patrimoniocultural.gob.ec/glosario-patrimonio-inmaterial/|archive-date=2019-07-05|url-status=live}}</ref> Pampa mesas often are used at festivals, at family celebrations, or after [[Minka (communal work)|minga]]s (gatherings for communal work).<ref name=antiguo/><ref name=glosario/><ref name="refrigerio">{{Cite news|url=https://www.elcomercio.com/actualidad/ecuador-riobamba-pambamesa-refrigerio-tradicion.html|title=La pambamesa es el refrigerio de moda en Riobamba|last=Márquez|first=Cristina|date=May 6, 2015|work=El Comercio|access-date=July 3, 2019|language=es|trans-title=The pambamesa is the trendy catered meal in Riobamba|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190703231434/https://www.elcomercio.com/actualidad/ecuador-riobamba-pambamesa-refrigerio-tradicion.html|archive-date=July 3, 2019|url-status=live}}</ref>
+For a pampa mesa, a long, typically white cloth is spread on the ground.<ref name=glosario/><ref name="azul">{{Cite news|url=http://www.late.com.ec/2016/09/27/la-pampa-mesa-sobre-un-mantel-azul-primera-parte/|title=La Pampa Mesa sobre un mantel azul (primera parte)|date=September 27, 2016|work=La Tarde|access-date=July 3, 2019|language=es|trans-title=The Pampa Mesa on a blue tablecloth (first part)|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190703231428/http://www.late.com.ec/2016/09/27/la-pampa-mesa-sobre-un-mantel-azul-primera-parte/|archive-date=July 3, 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> Traditionally, participants in a pampa mesa bring the food they are able to share, and each spreads the food he or she brought along the cloth for all to eat.<ref name="antiguo" /><ref name="glosario" /><ref name=azul/><ref name="ritual">{{Cite news|url=https://lahora.com.ec/noticia/1102020276/la-pamba-mesa-un-verdadero-ritual-|title=La pamba mesa, un verdadero ritual|date=January 13, 2017|work=[[La Hora]]|access-date=July 3, 2019|language=es|trans-title=The pamba mesa, a true ritual|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190703231424/https://lahora.com.ec/noticia/1102020276/la-pamba-mesa-un-verdadero-ritual-|archive-date=July 3, 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> Once the food is spread along the cloth, participants sit along the cloth and use their hands to eat, rather than using utensils and dishes.<ref name="antiguo" /><ref name="glosario" /><ref name=refrigerio/> Before eating, a community leader may give thanks for the food, and a portion of the food may be buried as an offering to the earth mother.<ref name="refrigerio" />
-[[Chicha de jora]] sometimes accompanies a pampa mesa.<ref name=refrigerio/>
+The food on a pampa mesa tends to be largely staple items such as [[mote (food)#Ecuador|mote]], [[potatoes]], [[quinoa]], [[Oxalis tuberosa|oca]], [[carrot]]s, and [[fava beans]].<ref name="antiguo" /><ref name="glosario" /><ref name=ritual/><ref name=compartir/> Sometimes, [[Guinea pig|cuy]] (guinea pig) and other meats are present.<ref name=glosario/> Flowers and fruits may be used to decorate the pampa mesa.<ref name="refrigerio" /> The spicy condiment [[Ají (sauce)|ají]] frequently is served alongside the pampa mesa.<ref name=alimentos/> The [[fermented beverage]] [[chicha de jora]] sometimes accompanies a pampa mesa.<ref name=refrigerio/>
+==Interpretation==
+Pampa mesas are a form of social solidarity: all contribute as they are able, and partake as they wish.<ref name="antiguo" /><ref name=refrigerio/><ref name="ritual" /><ref name="compartir">{{Cite news|url=https://www.lahora.com.ec/noticia/1101867812/la-pamba-mesa-tradicin-para-compartir-en-comunidad-|title=La pamba mesa: Tradición para compartir en comunidad|date=September 27, 2015|work=[[La Hora]]|access-date=July 3, 2019|language=es|trans-title=The pamba mesa: Tradition to share in community|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190703231424/https://www.lahora.com.ec/noticia/1101867812/la-pamba-mesa-tradicin-para-compartir-en-comunidad-|archive-date=July 3, 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> Some believe that sitting on the earth and eating from a pampa mesa is a form of connection with [[Pachamama]] (earth mother), a goddess in [[Inca mythology]] who continues to be an object of reverence in Ecuador.<ref name=antiguo/><ref name="refrigerio" /><ref name="alimentos">{{Cite news|url=https://www.eltiempo.com.ec/noticias/cultura/7/alimentos-que-se-comparten-en-la-pampa-mesa|title=Alimentos que se comparten en la Pampa mesa|date=June 23, 2016|work=[[El Tiempo (Ecuador)|El Tiempo]]|access-date=July 3, 2019|language=es|trans-title=Foods that are shared in the Pampa mesa|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190703231426/https://www.eltiempo.com.ec/noticias/cultura/7/alimentos-que-se-comparten-en-la-pampa-mesa|archive-date=July 3, 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> A pampa mesa also may be seen as an act of thanksgiving for the harvest.<ref name=alimentos/>
+== Similar practices ==
+A similar tradition in [[Peru]] and [[Bolivia]] is called [[apthapi]].<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Matute García|first1=Segundo Patricio|last2=Parra Contreras|first2=Adriana Cristina|last3=Parra Parra|first3=Jorge Leonidas|date=December 2018|title=Alimentos ancestrales que sanan|trans-title=Ancestral foods that heal|url=https://publicaciones.ucuenca.edu.ec/ojs/index.php/medicina/article/view/2504/1611|journal=Revista de la Facultad de Ciéncias Medicas de la Universidad de Cuenca|volume=36|issue=3|pages=52–58|issn=2661-6777|language=es|access-date=2019-07-05|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190705170850/https://publicaciones.ucuenca.edu.ec/ojs/index.php/medicina/article/view/2504/1611|archive-date=2019-07-05|url-status=live}}</ref>
 == References ==
+{{Reflist}}
-<references />
 [[Category:Ecuadorian cuisine]]