Jump to content

Cedrus atlantica: Difference between revisions

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Browse history interactively
← Previous edit
Content deleted Content added
VisualWikitext
m →‎Cultivation and uses: caption punctuation
 
(11 intermediate revisions by 8 users not shown)
Line 1: Line 1:
{{Short description|Species of conifer}}
{{Short description|Species of conifer}}
{{About|the tree species|Blue Cedar radar|Radar, Anti-Aircraft No. 3 Mk. 7}}
{{About|the tree species|Blue Cedar radar|Radar, Anti-Aircraft No. 3 Mk. 7}}


{{Speciesbox
{{Speciesbox
Line 7: Line 7:
| status = EN
| status = EN
| status_system = IUCN3.1
| status_system = IUCN3.1
| status_ref = <ref>Thomas, P. 2013. Cedrus atlantica. In: IUCN 2013. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2013.1. <www.iucnredlist.org>. Downloaded on 13 July 2013.</ref>
| status_ref = <ref name="iucn status 18 November 2021">{{cite iucn |author=Thomas, P. |date=2013 |title=''Cedrus atlantica'' |volume=2013 |page=e.T42303A2970716 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2013-1.RLTS.T42303A2970716.en |access-date=18 November 2021}}</ref>
| genus = Cedrus
| genus = Cedrus
| species = atlantica
| species = atlantica
Line 16: Line 16:
}}
}}


'''''Cedrus atlantica''''', the '''Atlas cedar''', is a [[species]] of tree in the pine [[family (botany)|family]] [[Pinaceae]], native to the [[Atlas Mountains]] of [[Morocco]] ([[Middle Atlas]], [[High Atlas]]), to the [[Rif]], and to the [[Tell Atlas]] in [[Algeria]].<ref name=gaussen>Gaussen, H. (1964). Genre ''Cedrus''. Les Formes Actuelles. ''Trav. Lab. For. Toulouse'' T2 V1 11: 295-320</ref> A majority of the modern sources<ref>Gymnosperm database [http://www.conifers.org/pi/ce/index.htm ''Cedrus''].</ref><ref>GRIN Taxonomy for Plants [http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/splist.pl?2217 ''Cedrus''] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090120152047/http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/splist.pl?2217 |date=2009-01-20 }}.</ref><ref>NCBI Taxonomy Browser [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?mode=Tree&id=3321&lvl=3&p=mapview&p=has_linkout&p=blast_url&p=genome_blast&lin=f&keep=1&srchmode=1&unlock ''Cedrus''].</ref><ref>Flora of China [http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=105979 vol. 4]</ref><ref>Qiao, C.-Y., Jin-Hua Ran, Yan Li and Xiao-Quan Wang (2007): Phylogeny and Biogeography of ''Cedrus'' (Pinaceae) Inferred from Sequences of Seven Paternal Chloroplast and Maternal Mitochondrial DNA Regions. ''Annals of Botany'' '''100(3)''':573-580. Available [http://aob.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/full/100/3/573 online]{{dead link|date=May 2021|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref><ref name=farjon>Farjon, A. (1990). ''Pinaceae. Drawings and Descriptions of the Genera''. Koeltz Scientific Books {{ISBN|3-87429-298-3}}.</ref><ref name=farjon1>Farjon, A. (2008). ''A Natural History of Conifers''. Timber Press {{ISBN|0-88192-869-0}}.</ref><ref>Christou, K. A. (1991). The genetic and taxonomic status of Cyprus cedar, ''Cedrus brevifolia'' (Hook.) Henry. Mediterranean Agronomic Institute of Chania, Greece.</ref> treat it as a distinct species ''Cedrus atlantica'', but some sources<ref>Güner, A., Özhatay, N., Ekim, T., & Başer, K. H. C. (ed.). 2000. ''Flora of Turkey and the East Aegean Islands'' 11 (Supplement 2): 5–6. Edinburgh University Press. {{ISBN|0-7486-1409-5}}</ref><ref>Eckenwalder, J. E. (2009). ''Conifers of the World: The Complete Reference''. Timber Press {{ISBN|0-88192-974-3}}.</ref> consider it a [[subspecies]] of [[Lebanon cedar]] (''C. libani'' subsp. ''atlantica'').
'''''Cedrus atlantica''''', the '''Atlas cedar''', is a [[species]] of tree in the pine [[family (botany)|family]] [[Pinaceae]], native to the [[Rif]] and [[Atlas Mountains]] of [[Morocco]] ([[Middle Atlas]], [[High Atlas]]), and to the [[Tell Atlas]] in [[Algeria]].<ref name=gaussen>Gaussen, H. (1964). Genre ''Cedrus''. Les Formes Actuelles. ''Trav. Lab. For. Toulouse'' T2 V1 11: 295-320</ref> A majority of the modern sources<ref>Gymnosperm database [http://www.conifers.org/pi/ce/index.htm ''Cedrus''].</ref><ref>GRIN Taxonomy for Plants [http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/splist.pl?2217 ''Cedrus''] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090120152047/http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/splist.pl?2217 |date=2009-01-20 }}.</ref><ref>NCBI Taxonomy Browser [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?mode=Tree&id=3321&lvl=3&p=mapview&p=has_linkout&p=blast_url&p=genome_blast&lin=f&keep=1&srchmode=1&unlock ''Cedrus''].</ref><ref>Flora of China [http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=105979 vol. 4]</ref><ref>Qiao, C.-Y., Jin-Hua Ran, Yan Li and Xiao-Quan Wang (2007): Phylogeny and Biogeography of ''Cedrus'' (Pinaceae) Inferred from Sequences of Seven Paternal Chloroplast and Maternal Mitochondrial DNA Regions. ''Annals of Botany'' '''100(3)''':573-580. Available [http://aob.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/full/100/3/573 online]{{dead link|date=May 2021|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref><ref name=farjon>Farjon, A. (1990). ''Pinaceae. Drawings and Descriptions of the Genera''. Koeltz Scientific Books {{ISBN|3-87429-298-3}}.</ref><ref name=farjon1>Farjon, A. (2008). ''A Natural History of Conifers''. Timber Press {{ISBN|0-88192-869-0}}.</ref><ref>Christou, K. A. (1991). The genetic and taxonomic status of Cyprus cedar, ''Cedrus brevifolia'' (Hook.) Henry. Mediterranean Agronomic Institute of Chania, Greece.</ref> treat it as a distinct species ''Cedrus atlantica'', but some sources<ref>Güner, A., Özhatay, N., Ekim, T., & Başer, K. H. C. (ed.). 2000. ''Flora of Turkey and the East Aegean Islands'' 11 (Supplement 2): 5–6. Edinburgh University Press. {{ISBN|0-7486-1409-5}}</ref><ref>Eckenwalder, J. E. (2009). ''Conifers of the World: The Complete Reference''. Timber Press {{ISBN|0-88192-974-3}}.</ref> consider it a [[subspecies]] of [[Lebanon cedar]] (''C. libani'' subsp. ''atlantica'').


==Description==
==Description==
Line 24: Line 24:


==Ecology==
==Ecology==
Atlas cedar form forests on mountainsides at {{convert|1,370|to|2,200|m|ft|abbr=on}}, often in pure forests, or mixed with [[Abies numidica|Algerian fir - ''Abies numidica'']], ''[[Juniperus oxycedrus]]'', [[Quercus ilex|holm oak - ''Quercus ilex'']], and ''[[Acer opalus]]''. These forests can provide [[habitat]] for the [[endangered]] [[Barbary macaque]] (''Macaca sylvanus''), a [[primate]] that had a [[prehistoric]]ally much wider distribution in northern Morocco and Algeria.<ref>C. Michael Hogan. 2008. [http://globaltwitcher.auderis.se/artspec_information.asp?thingid=31757 ''Barbary Macaque: Macaca sylvanus'', GlobalTwitcher.com, ed. N. Stromberg] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090831095518/http://globaltwitcher.auderis.se/artspec_information.asp?thingid=31757 |date=August 31, 2009 }}</ref>
Atlas cedar form forests on mountainsides at {{convert|1,170|to|2,200|m|ft|abbr=on}}, often in pure forests, or mixed with [[Abies numidica|Algerian fir - ''Abies numidica'']], ''[[Juniperus oxycedrus]]'', [[Quercus ilex|holm oak - ''Quercus ilex'']], and ''[[Acer opalus]]''. These forests can provide [[habitat]] for the [[endangered]] [[Barbary macaque]] (''Macaca sylvanus''), a [[primate]] that had a [[prehistoric]]ally much wider distribution in northern Morocco and Algeria.<ref>C. Michael Hogan. 2008. [http://globaltwitcher.auderis.se/artspec_information.asp?thingid=31757 ''Barbary Macaque: Macaca sylvanus'', GlobalTwitcher.com, ed. N. Stromberg] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090831095518/http://globaltwitcher.auderis.se/artspec_information.asp?thingid=31757 |date=August 31, 2009 }}</ref>


Currently, Morocco has the highest total surface of Atlas cedar in the world, and it forms vast forests in the humid zones of the country, around the Middle-Atlas range, the oriental and Northern High-Atlas range, and in the Western and Central Rif mountain range. The current total area is around 163,000 hectares, of which around 115,000 hectares (80%) are situated in the Middle-Atlas mountains. The species is in danger from human use, wood harvesting and fires. Data that go back to 1927 show higher number of Atlas cedars (more than 150,000 hectares) in the Middle-Atlas mountains only. The Rif mountains had one of the largest cedar forests in the past, but forests nowadays are much smaller, 15% of the total cedar forests in Morocco. Recently massive reforestation campaigns have taken place in the region of [[Ifrane]] Province.
Currently, Morocco has the highest total surface of Atlas cedar in the world, and it forms vast forests in the humid zones of the country, around the Middle-Atlas range, the oriental and Northern High-Atlas range, and in the Western and Central Rif mountain range. The current total area is around 163,000 hectares, of which around 115,000 hectares (80%) are situated in the Middle-Atlas mountains. The species is in danger from human use, wood harvesting and fires. Data that go back to 1927 show higher number of Atlas cedars (more than 150,000 hectares) in the Middle-Atlas mountains only. The Rif mountains had one of the largest cedar forests in the past, but forests nowadays are much smaller, 15% of the total cedar forests in Morocco. Recently massive reforestation campaigns have taken place in the region of [[Ifrane]] Province.{{cn|date=March 2023}}


In Algeria, the Atlas cedar has been in significant decline. According to data from 1966 the species inhabited 23,000 hectares, forming forests around the [[Djurdjura Mountains]] in [[Kabylie]] and [[Aures Mountains]]. However, it is expected that it currently inhabits fewer than 15,000 hectares owing to extensive fires and human use.
In Algeria, the Atlas cedar has been in significant decline. According to data from 1966 the species inhabited 23,000 hectares, forming forests around the [[Djurdjura Mountains]] in [[Kabylie]] and [[Aures Mountains]]. However, it is expected that it currently inhabits fewer than 15,000 hectares owing to extensive fires and human use.
Line 34: Line 34:


===Landscape===
===Landscape===
''C. atlantica'' is common in cultivation as an [[ornamental tree]] in [[temperateness|temperate]] climates. In garden settings, often the glaucous forms are planted as ornamental trees, distinguished as the Glauca group, a [[cultivar group]]. Also, fastigiate, pendulous, and golden-leaf forms are in cultivation. The Atlas cedar is useful in cultivation because it is more tolerant of dry and hot conditions than most conifers.
''C. atlantica'' is common in cultivation as an [[ornamental tree]] in [[temperateness|temperate]] climates. In garden settings, often the glaucous forms are planted as ornamental trees, distinguished as the Glauca group, a [[cultivar group]]. Also, fastigiate, pendulous, and golden-leaf forms are in cultivation. The Atlas cedar is useful in cultivation because it is more tolerant of dry and hot conditions than most conifers.{{cn|date=March 2023}}


Many of the cultivated trees have glaucous (bluish) foliage, more downy shoots, and can have more leaves in each whorl; young trees in cultivation often have more ascending branches than many cultivated ''C. atlantica'' specimens.<ref name=egf>Walters, W. M. (1986). ''European Garden Flora'' Vol 1. {{ISBN|0-521-24859-0}}.</ref>
Many of the cultivated trees have glaucous (bluish) foliage, more downy shoots, and can have more leaves in each whorl; young trees in cultivation often have more ascending branches than many cultivated ''C. atlantica'' specimens.<ref name=egf>Walters, W. M. (1986). ''European Garden Flora'' Vol 1. {{ISBN|0-521-24859-0}}.</ref>


In the [[United Kingdom|UK]] the following [[cultivars]] have gained the [[Royal Horticultural Society]]'s [[Award of Garden Merit]] (confirmed 2017):<ref>{{cite web | url= https://www.rhs.org.uk/plants/pdfs/agm-lists/agm-ornamentals.pdf | title = AGM Plants - Ornamental | date = July 2017 | page = 16 | publisher = Royal Horticultural Society | access-date = 24 January 2018}}</ref>
In the [[United Kingdom|UK]] the following [[cultivars]] have gained the [[Royal Horticultural Society]]'s [[Award of Garden Merit]] (confirmed 2017):<ref>{{cite web | url= https://www.rhs.org.uk/plants/pdfs/agm-lists/agm-ornamentals.pdf | title = AGM Plants - Ornamental | date = July 2017 | page = 16 | publisher = Royal Horticultural Society | access-date = 24 January 2018}}</ref>
*’Aurea' (golden Atlas cedar)<ref>{{cite web
* ’Aurea' (golden Atlas cedar)<ref>{{cite web
| url= https://www.rhs.org.uk/Plants/133001/i-Cedrus-atlantica-i-Aurea/Details
| url= https://www.rhs.org.uk/Plants/133001/i-Cedrus-atlantica-i-Aurea/Details
|title = RHS Plantfinder - ''Cedrus atlantica'' 'Aurea'
|title = RHS Plantfinder - ''Cedrus atlantica'' 'Aurea'
| publisher = Royal Horticultural Society | access-date=21 January 2018}}</ref>
| publisher = Royal Horticultural Society | access-date=21 January 2018}}</ref>
*’Glauca' (Glauca Group)<ref>{{cite web
* ’Glauca' (Glauca Group)<ref>{{cite web
| url= https://www.rhs.org.uk/Plants/133005/i-Cedrus-atlantica-i-(Glauca-Group)-Glauca/Details
| url= https://www.rhs.org.uk/Plants/133005/i-Cedrus-atlantica-i-(Glauca-Group)-Glauca/Details
|title = RHS Plantfinder - ''Cedrus atlantica'' (Glauca Group) 'Glauca'
|title = RHS Plantfinder - ''Cedrus atlantica'' (Glauca Group) 'Glauca'
| publisher = Royal Horticultural Society | access-date=21 January 2018}}</ref>
| publisher = Royal Horticultural Society | access-date=21 January 2018}}</ref>
*’Glauca Pendula' (Glauca Group)<ref>{{cite web
* ’Glauca Pendula' (Glauca Group)<ref>{{cite web
| url= https://www.rhs.org.uk/Plants/133008/i-Cedrus-atlantica-i-(Glauca-Group)-Glauca-Pendula/Details
| url= https://www.rhs.org.uk/Plants/133008/i-Cedrus-atlantica-i-(Glauca-Group)-Glauca-Pendula/Details
|title = RHS Plantfinder - ''Cedrus atlantica'' (Glauca Group) 'Glauca Pendula'
|title = RHS Plantfinder - ''Cedrus atlantica'' (Glauca Group) 'Glauca Pendula'
| publisher = Royal Horticultural Society | access-date=21 January 2018}}</ref>
| publisher = Royal Horticultural Society | access-date=21 January 2018}}</ref>


An Atlas cedar is planted at the [[White House]] [[South Lawn]] in Washington, DC. President Carter ordered a [[tree house]] built within the cedar for his daughter Amy. The wooden structure was designed by the President himself, and is self-supporting so as not to cause damage to the tree.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.whitehousehistory.org/04/subs_pph/PresidentDetail.aspx?ID=39&imageID=4232 |title=Archived copy |access-date=2009-04-15 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090502001446/http://www.whitehousehistory.org/04/subs_pph/PresidentDetail.aspx?ID=39&imageID=4232 |archive-date=2009-05-02 }}</ref>
An Atlas cedar is planted at the [[White House]] [[South Lawn]] in Washington, DC. President Carter ordered a [[tree house]] built within the cedar for his daughter Amy. The wooden structure was designed by the President himself, and is self-supporting so as not to cause damage to the tree.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.whitehousehistory.org/04/subs_pph/PresidentDetail.aspx?ID=39&imageID=4232 |title=The White House Historical Association > Picturing the President's House |access-date=2009-04-15 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090502001446/http://www.whitehousehistory.org/04/subs_pph/PresidentDetail.aspx?ID=39&imageID=4232 |archive-date=2009-05-02 }}</ref>


===Forestry===
===Forestry===
Line 63: Line 63:
==External links==
==External links==
{{Commons category}}
{{Commons category}}
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20110515022111/http://www.hort.uconn.edu/plants/c/cedatl/cedatl1.html uconn.edu: ''Cedrus atlantica'' profile and gallery]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20110515022111/http://www.hort.uconn.edu/plants/c/cedatl/cedatl1.html uconn.edu: ''Cedrus atlantica'' profile and gallery]
*[http://www.conifers.org/pi/Cedrus_atlantica.php Gymnosperm Database - ''Cedrus atlantica'' (Atlas cedar) description]
* [http://www.conifers.org/pi/Cedrus_atlantica.php Gymnosperm Database - ''Cedrus atlantica'' (Atlas cedar) description]
*[http://www.pfaf.org/user/Plant.aspx?LatinName=Cedrus%20atlantica PFAF Plant Database: ''Cedrus atlantica'' Atlas deodar cedar]
* [http://www.pfaf.org/user/Plant.aspx?LatinName=Cedrus%20atlantica PFAF Plant Database: ''Cedrus atlantica'' Atlas deodar cedar]
*[http://www.euforgen.org/species/cedrus-atlantica/ ''Cedrus atlantica''] - genetic conservation units [[European Forest Genetic Resources Programme]] (EUFORGEN)
* [http://www.euforgen.org/species/cedrus-atlantica/ ''Cedrus atlantica''] - genetic conservation units [[European Forest Genetic Resources Programme]] (EUFORGEN)


{{Taxonbar|from=Q623489}}
{{Taxonbar|from=Q623489}}
Line 81: Line 81:
[[Category:Ornamental trees]]
[[Category:Ornamental trees]]
[[Category:Drought-tolerant trees]]
[[Category:Drought-tolerant trees]]
[[Category:Taxa named by Élie-Abel Carrière]]

Latest revision as of 16:11, 3 December 2023

This article is about the tree species. For Blue Cedar radar, see Radar, Anti-Aircraft No. 3 Mk. 7.

Cedrus atlantica
Atlas cedar (Ifrane, Morocco)
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Gymnospermae
Division: Pinophyta
Class: Pinopsida
Order: Pinales
Family: Pinaceae
Genus: Cedrus
Species:
C. atlantica
Binomial name
Cedrus atlantica
(Endl.) Manetti ex Carrière
Distribution map
Synonyms

C. libani subsp. atlantica (Endl.) Batt. & Trab.

Cedrus atlantica, the Atlas cedar, is a species of tree in the pine family Pinaceae, native to the Rif and Atlas Mountains of Morocco (Middle Atlas, High Atlas), and to the Tell Atlas in Algeria.[2] A majority of the modern sources[3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10] treat it as a distinct species Cedrus atlantica, but some sources[11][12] consider it a subspecies of Lebanon cedar (C. libani subsp. atlantica).

Description

[edit]
Cedrus atlantica foliage and mature female cone
Male cones beginning to shed pollen

Fully grown, Atlas cedar is a large coniferous evergreen tree, 30 to 35 m (98 to 115 ft) (rarely 40 m) tall, with a trunk diameter of 1.5 to 2 m (4.9 to 6.6 ft). It is very similar in all characters to the other varieties of Lebanon cedar; differences are hard to discern. The mean cone size tends to be somewhat smaller (although recorded to 12 cm,[2] only rarely over 9 cm long, compared to up to 10 cm in C. brevifolia, and 12 cm in C. libani), though with considerable overlap (all can be as short as 6 cm). The Cedrus atlantica leaf length (10–25 mm) is similar that of C. libani subsp. stenocoma, on average longer than C. brevifolia and shorter than C. libani subsp. libani, but again with considerable overlap.[2][8][13]

Ecology

[edit]

Atlas cedar form forests on mountainsides at 1,170 to 2,200 m (3,840 to 7,220 ft), often in pure forests, or mixed with Algerian fir - Abies numidica, Juniperus oxycedrus, holm oak - Quercus ilex, and Acer opalus. These forests can provide habitat for the endangered Barbary macaque (Macaca sylvanus), a primate that had a prehistorically much wider distribution in northern Morocco and Algeria.[14]

Currently, Morocco has the highest total surface of Atlas cedar in the world, and it forms vast forests in the humid zones of the country, around the Middle-Atlas range, the oriental and Northern High-Atlas range, and in the Western and Central Rif mountain range. The current total area is around 163,000 hectares, of which around 115,000 hectares (80%) are situated in the Middle-Atlas mountains. The species is in danger from human use, wood harvesting and fires. Data that go back to 1927 show higher number of Atlas cedars (more than 150,000 hectares) in the Middle-Atlas mountains only. The Rif mountains had one of the largest cedar forests in the past, but forests nowadays are much smaller, 15% of the total cedar forests in Morocco. Recently massive reforestation campaigns have taken place in the region of Ifrane Province.[citation needed]

In Algeria, the Atlas cedar has been in significant decline. According to data from 1966 the species inhabited 23,000 hectares, forming forests around the Djurdjura Mountains in Kabylie and Aures Mountains. However, it is expected that it currently inhabits fewer than 15,000 hectares owing to extensive fires and human use.

Cultivation and uses

[edit]
An old Cedrus atlantica tree in the Atlas Mountains, Morocco

Landscape

[edit]

C. atlantica is common in cultivation as an ornamental tree in temperate climates. In garden settings, often the glaucous forms are planted as ornamental trees, distinguished as the Glauca group, a cultivar group. Also, fastigiate, pendulous, and golden-leaf forms are in cultivation. The Atlas cedar is useful in cultivation because it is more tolerant of dry and hot conditions than most conifers.[citation needed]

Many of the cultivated trees have glaucous (bluish) foliage, more downy shoots, and can have more leaves in each whorl; young trees in cultivation often have more ascending branches than many cultivated C. atlantica specimens.[15]

In the UK the following cultivars have gained the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit (confirmed 2017):[16]

  • ’Aurea' (golden Atlas cedar)[17]
  • ’Glauca' (Glauca Group)[18]
  • ’Glauca Pendula' (Glauca Group)[19]

An Atlas cedar is planted at the White House South Lawn in Washington, DC. President Carter ordered a tree house built within the cedar for his daughter Amy. The wooden structure was designed by the President himself, and is self-supporting so as not to cause damage to the tree.[20]

Forestry

[edit]
A C. atlantica glauca (Blue Atlas cedar) at the Orland E. White Research Arboretum in Virginia, United States

Cedar plantations, mainly with C. atlantica, have been established in southern France for timber production.[citation needed]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Thomas, P. (2013). "Cedrus atlantica". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2013: e.T42303A2970716. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2013-1.RLTS.T42303A2970716.en. Retrieved 18 November 2021.
  2. ^ a b c Gaussen, H. (1964). Genre Cedrus. Les Formes Actuelles. Trav. Lab. For. Toulouse T2 V1 11: 295-320
  3. ^ Gymnosperm database Cedrus.
  4. ^ GRIN Taxonomy for Plants Cedrus Archived 2009-01-20 at the Wayback Machine.
  5. ^ NCBI Taxonomy Browser Cedrus.
  6. ^ Flora of China vol. 4
  7. ^ Qiao, C.-Y., Jin-Hua Ran, Yan Li and Xiao-Quan Wang (2007): Phylogeny and Biogeography of Cedrus (Pinaceae) Inferred from Sequences of Seven Paternal Chloroplast and Maternal Mitochondrial DNA Regions. Annals of Botany 100(3):573-580. Available online[dead link]
  8. ^ a b Farjon, A. (1990). Pinaceae. Drawings and Descriptions of the Genera. Koeltz Scientific Books ISBN 3-87429-298-3.
  9. ^ Farjon, A. (2008). A Natural History of Conifers. Timber Press ISBN 0-88192-869-0.
  10. ^ Christou, K. A. (1991). The genetic and taxonomic status of Cyprus cedar, Cedrus brevifolia (Hook.) Henry. Mediterranean Agronomic Institute of Chania, Greece.
  11. ^ Güner, A., Özhatay, N., Ekim, T., & Başer, K. H. C. (ed.). 2000. Flora of Turkey and the East Aegean Islands 11 (Supplement 2): 5–6. Edinburgh University Press. ISBN 0-7486-1409-5
  12. ^ Eckenwalder, J. E. (2009). Conifers of the World: The Complete Reference. Timber Press ISBN 0-88192-974-3.
  13. ^ Schwarz, O. (1944). Anatolica. Feddes Repertorium 54: 26-34.
  14. ^ C. Michael Hogan. 2008. Barbary Macaque: Macaca sylvanus, GlobalTwitcher.com, ed. N. Stromberg Archived August 31, 2009, at the Wayback Machine
  15. ^ Walters, W. M. (1986). European Garden Flora Vol 1. ISBN 0-521-24859-0.
  16. ^ "AGM Plants - Ornamental" (PDF). Royal Horticultural Society. July 2017. p. 16. Retrieved 24 January 2018.
  17. ^ "RHS Plantfinder - Cedrus atlantica 'Aurea'". Royal Horticultural Society. Retrieved 21 January 2018.
  18. ^ "RHS Plantfinder - Cedrus atlantica (Glauca Group) 'Glauca'". Royal Horticultural Society. Retrieved 21 January 2018.
  19. ^ "RHS Plantfinder - Cedrus atlantica (Glauca Group) 'Glauca Pendula'". Royal Horticultural Society. Retrieved 21 January 2018.
  20. ^ "The White House Historical Association > Picturing the President's House". Archived from the original on 2009-05-02. Retrieved 2009-04-15.
[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Cedrus libani subsp. atlantica.
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cedrus_atlantica&oldid=1188142066"