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{{Short description|Genus of lemurs}}
{{Automatic taxobox
{{Automatic taxobox
| taxon = Eulemur
| taxon = Eulemur
| authority = [[Elwyn L. Simons|Simons]] & [[Yves Rumpler|Rumpler]], 1988<ref name=msw3>{{MSW3 Groves|pages=114-116}}</ref>
| authority = [[Elwyn L. Simons|Simons]] & [[Yves Rumpler|Rumpler]], 1988<ref name=msw3>{{MSW3 Groves|pages=114-116|id=12100034|heading=Genus ''Eulemur''}}</ref>
| name = True lemurs
| name = True lemur
| image = Crowned lemur (Eulemur coronatus) female.jpg
| image = Crowned lemur (Eulemur coronatus) female.jpg
| image_caption = Crowned lemur (''E. coronatus'') female, [[Ankarana Reserve]]
| image_caption = Crowned lemur (''E. coronatus'') female, [[Ankarana Reserve]]
| status = CITES_A1
| status = CITES_A1
| status_system = CITES
| status_system = CITES
| status_ref = <ref>{{cite web | url = http://checklist.cites.org/#/en/search/scientific_name=Eulemur | title = Checklist of CITES Species | website = CITES | publisher = UNEP-WCMC | accessdate = 18 March 2015}}</ref>
| status_ref = <ref>{{cite web | url = http://checklist.cites.org/#/en/search/scientific_name=Eulemur | title = Checklist of CITES Species | website = CITES | publisher = UNEP-WCMC | access-date = 18 March 2015}}</ref>
| type_species = ''[[Mongoose lemur|Lemur mongoz]]''
| type_species = ''[[Mongoose lemur|Lemur mongoz]]''
| type_species_authority = [[Carl Linnaeus|Linnaeus]], 1766
| type_species_authority = [[Carl Linnaeus|Linnaeus]], 1766
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*''Petterus'' <small>Groves and Eaglen, 1988</small>
*''Petterus'' <small>Groves and Eaglen, 1988</small>
| range_map = Eulemur range map.svg
| range_map = Eulemur range map.svg
| range_map_caption = Combined distribution of ''Eulemur'',{{-}}excluding introductions<ref name="IUCN">{{cite web | url = http://www.iucnredlist.org | title = IUCN 2014 | year = 2012 | work =[[IUCN Red List|IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.]] Version 2014.3 | publisher = [[International Union for Conservation of Nature]] | accessdate = 12 March 2015}}</ref>
| range_map_caption = Combined distribution of ''Eulemur'',{{clear}}excluding introductions<ref name="IUCN">{{cite web | url = http://www.iucnredlist.org | title = IUCN 2014 | year = 2012 | work =[[IUCN Red List|IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.]] Version 2014.3 | publisher = [[International Union for Conservation of Nature]] | access-date = 12 March 2015}}</ref>
}}
}}


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True lemurs are predominantly [[diurnal animal|diurnal]] forest inhabitants, with some species preferring rain forests, while others live in dry forests. They are skillful climbers and can cross large distances in trees by jumping, using their non[[prehensile]] tails to aid in balancing. When on the ground, they move almost exclusively on all four legs. True lemurs are social animals and live together in groups of two to 15 members.
True lemurs are predominantly [[diurnal animal|diurnal]] forest inhabitants, with some species preferring rain forests, while others live in dry forests. They are skillful climbers and can cross large distances in trees by jumping, using their non[[prehensile]] tails to aid in balancing. When on the ground, they move almost exclusively on all four legs. True lemurs are social animals and live together in groups of two to 15 members.


The diet of the true lemurs is almost exclusively [[herbivore|herbivorous]] - flowers, fruits and leaves. In captivity, they have been shown to also eat insects.
The diet of the true lemurs is almost exclusively [[herbivore|herbivorous]] – flowers, fruits and leaves. In captivity, they have been shown to also eat insects.


Gestation is 125 days. During the summer or early fall (shortly before the beginning of the rainy season), the females birth their young, usually two offspring. The young clasp firmly to the fur of their mother, then ride on her back when they are older. After about five months, they are weaned, and they are fully mature around 18 months of age. The life expectancy of the true lemurs can be up to 18 years, but this can be longer in captivity.
Gestation is 125 days. During the summer or early fall (shortly before the beginning of the rainy season), the females birth their young, usually two offspring. The young clasp firmly to the fur of their mother, then ride on her back when they are older. After about five months, they are weaned, and they are fully mature around 18 months of age. The life expectancy of the true lemurs can be up to 18 years, but this can be longer in captivity.
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** [[Mongoose lemur]], ''E. mongoz''
** [[Mongoose lemur]], ''E. mongoz''


== Survival ==
Brown lemurs are able to survive degraded forest that would cut off their food supply through expanding their range throughout the terrain.
{{multiple image|caption_align=center|header_align=center
{{multiple image|caption_align=center|header_align=center
| align = center
| align = center
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| width1 = 250
| width1 = 250
| caption1 = Range of the ''fulvus'' group:
| caption1 = Range of the ''fulvus'' group:
'''{{color|#e41a1c|red}}''' = ''E. fulvus'', '''{{color|#4daf4a|green}}''' = ''E. collaris'',{{-}}
'''{{color|#e41a1c|red}}''' = ''E. fulvus'', '''{{color|#4daf4a|green}}''' = ''E. collaris'',{{clear}}
'''{{color|#984ea3|purple}}''' = ''E. rufus'', '''{{color|#ff7f00|orange}}''' = ''E. cinereiceps'',{{-}}
'''{{color|#984ea3|purple}}''' = ''E. rufus'', '''{{color|#ff7f00|orange}}''' = ''E. cinereiceps'',{{clear}}
'''{{color|#377eb8|blue}}''' = ''E. rufifrons'', '''{{color|#ffff33|yellow}}''' = ''E. albifrons'',{{-}}
'''{{color|#377eb8|blue}}''' = ''E. rufifrons'', '''{{color|#ffff33|yellow}}''' = ''E. albifrons'',{{clear}}
'''{{color|#a65628|brown}}''' = ''E. sanfordi''
'''{{color|#a65628|brown}}''' = ''E. sanfordi''


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| width2 = 250
| width2 = 250
| caption2 = Range of the other ''Eulemur'':
| caption2 = Range of the other ''Eulemur'':
'''{{color|#e41a1c|red}}''' = ''E. rubriventer'', '''{{color|#4daf4a|green}}''' = ''E. mongoz'',{{-}}
'''{{color|#e41a1c|red}}''' = ''E. rubriventer'', '''{{color|#4daf4a|green}}''' = ''E. mongoz'',{{clear}}
'''{{color|#984ea3|purple}}''' = ''E. coronatus'', '''{{color|#ff7f00|orange}}''' = ''E. flavifrons'',{{-}}
'''{{color|#984ea3|purple}}''' = ''E. coronatus'', '''{{color|#ff7f00|orange}}''' = ''E. flavifrons'',{{clear}}
'''{{color|#377eb8|blue}}''' = ''E. macaco''
'''{{color|#377eb8|blue}}''' = ''E. macaco''
}}
}}
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{{Wikispecies|Eulemur|True lemur}}
{{Wikispecies|Eulemur|True lemur}}
*ARKive - [https://web.archive.org/web/20060503202450/http://www.arkive.org/species/GES/mammals/Eulemur_collaris/ images and movies of the collared brown lemur ''(Eulemur collaris)'']
*ARKive - [https://web.archive.org/web/20060503202450/http://www.arkive.org/species/GES/mammals/Eulemur_collaris/ images and movies of the collared brown lemur ''(Eulemur collaris)'']
* [http://pin.primate.wisc.edu/factsheets/links/eulemur Primate Info Net ''Eulemur'' Factsheets]
* [https://primate.wisc.edu/primate-info-net/pin-factsheets/ Primate Info Net ''Eulemur'' Factsheets]


==Further reading==
==Further reading==
*Markolf, M. and P. M. Kappeler. (2013). [http://www.frontiersinzoology.com/content/10/1/70 Phylogeographic analysis of the true lemurs (genus ''Eulemur'') underlines the role of river catchments for the evolution of micro-endemism in Madagascar.] ''Frontiers in Zoology'' 10:70.
*{{cite journal | last1=Markolf |first1=M. |first2=P. M. |last2=Kappeler |year=2013 |title=Phylogeographic analysis of the true lemurs (genus ''Eulemur'') underlines the role of river catchments for the evolution of micro-endemism in Madagascar |journal=Frontiers in Zoology |volume=10 |issue=1 |page=70|doi=10.1186/1742-9994-10-70 |pmid=24228694 |pmc=3835867 |doi-access=free }}
*{{cite journal |last1=Campera |first1=Marco |display-authors=et al |title=Effects of Habitat Quality and Seasonality on Ranging Patterns of Collared Brown Lemur (''Eulemur Collaris'') in Littoral Forest Fragments |journal=International Journal of Primatology |volume=35 |issue=5 |year=2014 |pages=957–975 |doi=10.1007/s10764-014-9780-6|s2cid=15249267 }}

{{Lemuridae nav}}
{{Lemuridae nav}}
{{Strepsirrhini|L.}}
{{Taxonbar|from=Q607497}}
{{Taxonbar|from=Q607497}}
{{Authority control}}


{{DEFAULTSORT:True Lemur}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:True Lemur}}

Latest revision as of 03:07, 30 November 2023

True lemur
Crowned lemur (E. coronatus) female, Ankarana Reserve
CITES Appendix I (CITES)[2]
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Mammalia
Order: Primates
Suborder: Strepsirrhini
Family: Lemuridae
Genus: Eulemur
Simons & Rumpler, 1988[1]
Type species
Lemur mongoz
Linnaeus, 1766
Diversity
12 species
Combined distribution of Eulemur,
excluding introductions[3]
Synonyms
  • Petterus Groves and Eaglen, 1988

True lemurs, also known as brown lemurs, are the lemurs in genus Eulemur. They are medium-sized primates that live exclusively on Madagascar.

The fur of the true lemurs is long and usually reddish brown. Often, sexual dimorphism in coloration (sexual dichromatism) is seen, such as in the black lemur. True lemurs are from 30 to 50 cm (12 to 20 in) in length, with a tail that is as long or significantly longer than the body. They weigh from 2 to 4 kg (4 to 9 lb).

True lemurs are predominantly diurnal forest inhabitants, with some species preferring rain forests, while others live in dry forests. They are skillful climbers and can cross large distances in trees by jumping, using their nonprehensile tails to aid in balancing. When on the ground, they move almost exclusively on all four legs. True lemurs are social animals and live together in groups of two to 15 members.

The diet of the true lemurs is almost exclusively herbivorous – flowers, fruits and leaves. In captivity, they have been shown to also eat insects.

Gestation is 125 days. During the summer or early fall (shortly before the beginning of the rainy season), the females birth their young, usually two offspring. The young clasp firmly to the fur of their mother, then ride on her back when they are older. After about five months, they are weaned, and they are fully mature around 18 months of age. The life expectancy of the true lemurs can be up to 18 years, but this can be longer in captivity.

Classification

[edit]

Survival

[edit]

Brown lemurs are able to survive degraded forest that would cut off their food supply through expanding their range throughout the terrain.

Eulemur distribution
Range of the fulvus group: red = E. fulvus, green = E. collaris,
purple = E. rufus, orange = E. cinereiceps,
blue = E. rufifrons, yellow = E. albifrons,
brown = E. sanfordi
Range of the other Eulemur: red = E. rubriventer, green = E. mongoz,
purple = E. coronatus, orange = E. flavifrons,
blue = E. macaco
Common brown lemur (E. fulvus) female with juvenile

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Groves, C. P. (2005). "Genus Eulemur". In Wilson, D. E.; Reeder, D. M. (eds.). Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed.). Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. pp. 114–116. ISBN 0-801-88221-4. OCLC 62265494.
  2. ^ "Checklist of CITES Species". CITES. UNEP-WCMC. Retrieved 18 March 2015.
  3. ^ "IUCN 2014". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2014.3. International Union for Conservation of Nature. 2012. Retrieved 12 March 2015.
[edit]
Wikispecies has information related to True lemur.

Further reading

[edit]
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