True lemur: Difference between revisions

True lemur
	Crowned lemur (E. coronatus) female, Ankarana Reserve
Conservation status
	CITES Appendix I (CITES)
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Mammalia
Order:	Primates
Suborder:	Strepsirrhini
Family:	Lemuridae
Genus:	Eulemur; Simons & Rumpler, 1988
Type species
	Lemur mongoz; Linnaeus, 1766
Diversity
	12 species
	Combined distribution of Eulemur, excluding introductions
Synonyms
	Petterus Groves and Eaglen, 1988;

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True lemurs, also known as brown lemurs, are the lemurs in genus Eulemur. They are medium-sized primates that live exclusively on Madagascar.

The fur of the true lemurs is long and usually reddish brown. Often, sexual dimorphism in coloration (sexual dichromatism) is seen, such as in the black lemur. True lemurs are from 30 to 50 cm (12 to 20 in) in length, with a tail that is as long or significantly longer than the body. They weigh from 2 to 4 kg (4 to 9 lb).

True lemurs are predominantly diurnal forest inhabitants, with some species preferring rain forests, while others live in dry forests. They are skillful climbers and can cross large distances in trees by jumping, using their nonprehensile tails to aid in balancing. When on the ground, they move almost exclusively on all four legs. True lemurs are social animals and live together in groups of two to 15 members.

The diet of the true lemurs is almost exclusively herbivorous – flowers, fruits and leaves. In captivity, they have been shown to also eat insects.

Gestation is 125 days. During the summer or early fall (shortly before the beginning of the rainy season), the females birth their young, usually two offspring. The young clasp firmly to the fur of their mother, then ride on her back when they are older. After about five months, they are weaned, and they are fully mature around 18 months of age. The life expectancy of the true lemurs can be up to 18 years, but this can be longer in captivity.

Classification

Genus Eulemur
- Common brown lemur, E. fulvus
- Sanford's brown lemur, E. sanfordi
- White-headed lemur, E. albifrons
- Red lemur, E. rufus
- Red-fronted lemur, E. rufifrons
- Collared brown lemur, E. collaris
- Gray-headed lemur, E. cinereiceps
- Black lemur, E. macaco
- Blue-eyed black lemur, E. flavifrons
- Crowned lemur, E. coronatus
- Red-bellied lemur, E. rubriventer
- Mongoose lemur, E. mongoz

Survival

Brown lemurs are able to survive degraded forest that would cut off their food supply through expanding their range throughout the terrain.

Eulemur distribution

Range of the fulvus group: red = E. fulvus, green = E. collaris,

purple = E. rufus, orange = E. cinereiceps,

blue = E. rufifrons, yellow = E. albifrons,

brown = E. sanfordi

Range of the other Eulemur: red = E. rubriventer, green = E. mongoz,

purple = E. coronatus, orange = E. flavifrons,

blue = E. macaco

References

^ Groves, C. P. (2005). "Genus Eulemur". In Wilson, D. E.; Reeder, D. M. (eds.). Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed.). Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. pp. 114–116. ISBN 0-801-88221-4. OCLC 62265494.
^ "Checklist of CITES Species". CITES. UNEP-WCMC. Retrieved 18 March 2015.
^ "IUCN 2014". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2014.3. International Union for Conservation of Nature. 2012. Retrieved 12 March 2015.

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
+{{Short description|Genus of lemurs}}
-{{Taxobox
+{{Automatic taxobox
-| name = True lemurs<ref name=msw3>{{MSW3 Groves|pages=114-116}}</ref>
-| image = Eulemur mongoz (male - face).jpg
+| taxon = Eulemur
+| authority = [[Elwyn L. Simons|Simons]] & [[Yves Rumpler|Rumpler]], 1988<ref name=msw3>{{MSW3 Groves|pages=114-116|id=12100034|heading=Genus ''Eulemur''}}</ref>
-| image_caption = [[Mongoose lemur]] (''Eulemur mongoz'')
-| regnum = [[Animal]]ia
+| name = True lemur
+| image = Crowned lemur (Eulemur coronatus) female.jpg
-| phylum = [[Chordata]]
+| image_caption = Crowned lemur (''E. coronatus'') female, [[Ankarana Reserve]]
-| classis = [[Mammal]]ia
-| ordo = [[Primate]]s
+| status = CITES_A1
+| status_system = CITES
-| familia = [[Lemuridae]]
+| status_ref = <ref>{{cite web | url = http://checklist.cites.org/#/en/search/scientific_name=Eulemur | title = Checklist of CITES Species | website = CITES | publisher = UNEP-WCMC | access-date = 18 March 2015}}</ref>
-| genus = '''''Eulemur'''''
+| type_species = ''[[Mongoose lemur|Lemur mongoz]]''
-| genus_authority = [[Elwyn Simons|Simons]] and [[Yves Rumpler|Rumpler]], 1988
+| type_species_authority = [[Carl Linnaeus|Linnaeus]], 1766
-| type_species = ''[[Eulemur mongoz|Lemur mongoz]]''
+| diversity = 12 species
-| type_species_authority = [[Carolus Linnaeus|Linnaeus]], 1766
+| diversity_link =
-| subdivision_ranks = [[Species]]
-| subdivision =
-''[[Black Lemur|Eulemur macaco]]''<br>
-''[[Common Brown Lemur|Eulemur fulvus]]''<br>
-''[[Sanford's Brown Lemur|Eulemur sanfordi]]''<br>
-''[[White-headed Lemur|Eulemur albifrons]]''<br>
-''[[Red Lemur|Eulemur rufus]]''<br>
-''[[Red-fronted Lemur|Eulemur rufifrons]]''<br>
-''[[Collared Brown Lemur|Eulemur collaris]]''<br>
-''[[Gray-headed Lemur|Eulemur cinereiceps]]''<br>
-''[[Mongoose Lemur|Eulemur mongoz]]''<br>
-''[[Crowned Lemur|Eulemur coronatus]]''<br>
-''[[Red-bellied Lemur|Eulemur rubriventer]]''<br>
-''[[Sclater's Lemur|Eulemur flavifrons]]''
 | synonyms =
 *''Petterus'' <small>Groves and Eaglen, 1988</small>
+| range_map = Eulemur range map.svg
+| range_map_caption = Combined distribution of ''Eulemur'',{{clear}}excluding introductions<ref name="IUCN">{{cite web | url = http://www.iucnredlist.org | title = IUCN 2014 | year = 2012 | work =[[IUCN Red List|IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.]] Version 2014.3 | publisher = [[International Union for Conservation of Nature]] | access-date =  12 March 2015}}</ref>
 }}
-'''True lemurs''', also known as '''brown lemurs''', are the [[lemur]]s in genus '''''Eulemur'''''. They are medium sized [[primate]]s that live exclusively on [[Madagascar]].
+'''True lemurs''', also known as '''brown lemurs''', are the [[lemur]]s in genus '''''Eulemur'''''. They are medium-sized [[primate]]s that live exclusively on [[Madagascar]].
-The fur of the true lemurs is long and usually reddish-brown. Often there is [[sexual dimorphism]] in coloration (sexual dichromatism), such as in the [[black lemur]]. True lemurs are from 30 to 50&nbsp;cm in length, with a tail that is as long or significantly longer than the body. They weigh from two to four kg.
+The fur of the true lemurs is long and usually reddish brown. Often, [[sexual dimorphism]] in coloration (sexual dichromatism) is seen, such as in the [[black lemur]]. True lemurs are from {{convert|30|to|50|cm|0|abbr=on}} in length, with a tail that is as long or significantly longer than the body. They weigh from {{convert|2|to|4|kg|0|abbr=on}}.
-True lemurs are predominantly [[diurnal animal|diurnal]] forest inhabitants, with some species preferring rain forests, while others live in dry forests. They are skillful climbers and can cross large distances in trees by jumping, using their non-[[prehensile]] tails to aid in balancing. When on the ground, they move almost exclusively on all four legs. True lemurs are social animals and live together in groups of two to 15 members.
+True lemurs are predominantly [[diurnal animal|diurnal]] forest inhabitants, with some species preferring rain forests, while others live in dry forests. They are skillful climbers and can cross large distances in trees by jumping, using their non[[prehensile]] tails to aid in balancing. When on the ground, they move almost exclusively on all four legs. True lemurs are social animals and live together in groups of two to 15 members.
-The diet of the true lemurs is almost exclusively [[herbivore|herbivorous]]: flowers, fruits and leaves. In captivity, they have been shown to also eat insects.
+The diet of the true lemurs is almost exclusively [[herbivore|herbivorous]] – flowers, fruits and leaves. In captivity, they have been shown to also eat insects.
-Gestation is 125 days. During the summer or early fall (shortly before the beginning of the rainy season), the females birth their young, usually two offspring. The young clasp firmly to the fur of their mother, then ride on her back when they are older. After about five months they are weaned, and they are fully mature at about 18 months of age. The life expectancy of the true lemurs can be up to 18 years, but this can be longer in captivity.
+Gestation is 125 days. During the summer or early fall (shortly before the beginning of the rainy season), the females birth their young, usually two offspring. The young clasp firmly to the fur of their mother, then ride on her back when they are older. After about five months, they are weaned, and they are fully mature around 18 months of age. The life expectancy of the true lemurs can be up to 18 years, but this can be longer in captivity.
 == Classification ==
 * '''Genus ''Eulemur'''''
-** [[Common brown lemur]], ''Eulemur fulvus''
+** [[Common brown lemur]], ''E. fulvus''
-** [[Sanford's brown lemur]], ''Eulemur sanfordi''
+** [[Sanford's brown lemur]], ''E. sanfordi''
-** [[White-headed lemur]], ''Eulemur albifrons''
+** [[White-headed lemur]], ''E. albifrons''
-** [[Red lemur]], ''Eulemur rufus''
+** [[Red lemur]], ''E. rufus''
-** [[Red-fronted lemur]], ''Eulemur rufifrons''
+** [[Red-fronted lemur]], ''E. rufifrons''
-** [[Collared brown lemur]], ''Eulemur collaris''
+** [[Collared brown lemur]], ''E. collaris''
-** [[Gray-headed lemur]], ''Eulemur cinereiceps''
+** [[Gray-headed lemur]], ''E. cinereiceps''
-** [[Black lemur]], ''Eulemur macaco''
+** [[Black lemur]], ''E. macaco''
-** [[Sclater's lemur]], ''Eulemur flavifrons''
+** [[Blue-eyed black lemur]], ''E. flavifrons''
-** [[Crowned lemur]], ''Eulemur coronatus''
+** [[Crowned lemur]], ''E. coronatus''
-** [[Red-bellied lemur]], ''Eulemur rubriventer''
+** [[Red-bellied lemur]], ''E. rubriventer''
-** [[Mongoose lemur]], ''Eulemur mongoz''
+** [[Mongoose lemur]], ''E. mongoz''
+== Survival ==
-[[Image:Eulemur Rufus.JPG|thumb|left|''Eulemur rufus'']]
+Brown lemurs are able to survive degraded forest that would cut off their food supply through expanding their range throughout the terrain.
+{{multiple image|caption_align=center|header_align=center
+ | align = center
+ | header = ''Eulemur'' distribution
+ | image1 = Eulemur (fulvus group) range map.svg
+ | width1 = 250
+ | caption1 = Range of the ''fulvus'' group:
+'''{{color|#e41a1c|red}}''' = ''E. fulvus'', '''{{color|#4daf4a|green}}''' = ''E. collaris'',{{clear}}
+'''{{color|#984ea3|purple}}''' = ''E. rufus'', '''{{color|#ff7f00|orange}}''' = ''E. cinereiceps'',{{clear}}
+'''{{color|#377eb8|blue}}''' = ''E. rufifrons'', '''{{color|#ffff33|yellow}}''' = ''E. albifrons'',{{clear}}
+'''{{color|#a65628|brown}}''' = ''E. sanfordi''
+ | image2 = Eulemur (other group) range map.svg
+ | width2 = 250
+ | caption2  = Range of the other ''Eulemur'':
+'''{{color|#e41a1c|red}}''' = ''E. rubriventer'', '''{{color|#4daf4a|green}}''' = ''E. mongoz'',{{clear}}
+'''{{color|#984ea3|purple}}''' = ''E. coronatus'', '''{{color|#ff7f00|orange}}''' = ''E. flavifrons'',{{clear}}
+'''{{color|#377eb8|blue}}''' = ''E. macaco''
+}}
+[[File:Common brown lemur (Eulemur fulvus) female with juvenile 2.jpg|thumb|Common brown lemur (''E. fulvus'') female with juvenile]]
 ==References==
-{{reflist}}
+{{Reflist}}
 ==External links==
 {{Wikispecies|Eulemur|True lemur}}
-*ARKive - [http://www.arkive.org/species/GES/mammals/Eulemur_collaris/ images and movies of the collared brown lemur ''(Eulemur collaris)'']
+*ARKive - [https://web.archive.org/web/20060503202450/http://www.arkive.org/species/GES/mammals/Eulemur_collaris/ images and movies of the collared brown lemur ''(Eulemur collaris)'']
-* [http://pin.primate.wisc.edu/factsheets/links/eulemur Primate Info Net ''Eulemur'' Factsheets]
+* [https://primate.wisc.edu/primate-info-net/pin-factsheets/ Primate Info Net ''Eulemur'' Factsheets]
+==Further reading==
+*{{cite journal | last1=Markolf |first1=M.  |first2=P. M. |last2=Kappeler |year=2013 |title=Phylogeographic analysis of the true lemurs (genus ''Eulemur'') underlines the role of river catchments for the evolution of micro-endemism in Madagascar |journal=Frontiers in Zoology |volume=10 |issue=1 |page=70|doi=10.1186/1742-9994-10-70 |pmid=24228694 |pmc=3835867 |doi-access=free }}
+*{{cite journal |last1=Campera |first1=Marco |display-authors=et al |title=Effects of Habitat Quality and Seasonality on Ranging Patterns of Collared Brown Lemur (''Eulemur Collaris'') in Littoral Forest Fragments |journal=International Journal of Primatology |volume=35 |issue=5 |year=2014 |pages=957–975 |doi=10.1007/s10764-014-9780-6|s2cid=15249267 }}
 {{Lemuridae nav}}
+{{Strepsirrhini|L.}}
+{{Taxonbar|from=Q607497}}
+{{Authority control}}
 {{DEFAULTSORT:True Lemur}}

v t e Extant species of family Lemuridae
Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata Class: Mammalia Order: Primates Suborder: Strepsirrhini
Lemur	Ring-tailed lemur (L. catta)
Eulemur (True lemurs)	Black lemur (E. macaco) Common brown lemur (E. fulvus) Sanford's brown lemur (E. sanfordi) White-headed lemur (E. albifrons) Red-fronted lemur (E. rufifrons) Red lemur (E. rufus) Collared brown lemur (E. collaris) Gray-headed lemur (E. cinereiceps) Mongoose lemur (E. mongoz) Crowned lemur (E. coronatus) Red-bellied lemur (E. rubriventer) Blue-eyed black lemur (E. flavifrons)
Varecia (Ruffed lemurs)	Black-and-white ruffed lemur (V. variegata) Red ruffed lemur (V. rubra)
Hapalemur (Bamboo lemurs)	Eastern lesser bamboo lemur (H. griseus) Western lesser bamboo lemur (H. occidentalis) Southern lesser bamboo lemur (H. meridionalis) Lac Alaotra bamboo lemur (H. alaotrensis) Golden bamboo lemur (H. aureus) Greater bamboo lemur (H. simus)
Category