Mutitjulu: Difference between revisions
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{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2018}} |
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{{Infobox Australian place |
{{Infobox Australian place |
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| type = town |
| type = town |
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| caption = |
| caption = |
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| coordinates = {{coord|25|21|03|S|131|03|59|E|display=inline,title}} |
| coordinates = {{coord|25|21|03|S|131|03|59|E|display=inline,title}} |
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| coord_ref = |
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| lga = MacDonnell Shire |
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| postcode = 0872 |
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| est = |
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| pop = 296 |
| pop = 296 |
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| pop_year = {{CensusAU|2011}} |
| pop_year = {{CensusAU|2011}} |
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| pop_footnotes = <ref name=Census2011Y /> |
| pop_footnotes = <ref name=Census2011Y /> |
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| elevation= 523 |
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| established = |
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| established_footnotes = |
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| abolished = |
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| gazetted = |
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| postcode = 0872<ref name=postcode>{{cite web|title= Yulara Postcode|url=https://www.postcode-finders.com.au/nt-mutitjulu-postcode |publisher= postcode-finders.com.au |accessdate=17 June 2019}}</ref> |
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| elevation = 523 |
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| elevation_footnotes = |
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| area = |
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| area_footnotes = |
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| timezone = |
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| utc = |
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| dist1 = 1433 |
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| dir1 = S |
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| location1= [[Darwin City, Northern Territory|Darwin]] |
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| dist2 =14 |
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| dir2 = SW |
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| location2= [[Yulara, Northern Territory|Yulara]] |
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| dist3 = 89 |
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| dir3 = N |
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| location3= [[Amata, South Australia|Amata]] |
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| dist4 = 350 |
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| dir4 = SW |
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| location4= Alice Springs |
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| lga = MacDonnell Shire |
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| region = |
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| stategov = [[Electoral division of Namatjira|Namatjira]]<ref name=NTEC>{{cite web|title= Division of Namatjira |url= https://ntec.nt.gov.au/Electoral-divisions/division-profiles/division-profiles/division-of-namatjira |publisher=Northern Territory Electoral Commission|accessdate=16 June 2019}}</ref> |
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| fedgov = [[division of Lingiari|Lingiari]]<ref name=AEC>{{cite web|title=Federal electoral division of Lingiari|url= https://www.aec.gov.au/profiles/nt/lingiari.htm |publisher=Australian Electoral Commission|accessdate=16 June 2019}}</ref> |
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| maxtemp = 38.5 |
| maxtemp = 38.5 |
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| mintemp = 4.7 |
| mintemp = 4.7 |
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| rainfall = 217 |
| rainfall = 217 |
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| stategov = [[Electoral division of Namatjira|Namatjira]] |
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| fedgov = [[Division of Lingiari|Lingiari]] |
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| dist1 = 14 |
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| dir1 = SW |
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| location1= [[Yulara, Northern Territory|Yulara, NT]] |
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| dist2 = 89 |
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| dir2 = N |
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| location2= [[Amata, South Australia|Amata, SA]] |
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| dist3 = 350 |
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| dir3 = SW |
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| location3= Alice Springs |
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| dist4 = 680 |
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| dir4 = N |
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| location4= Southern Ocean |
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}} |
}} |
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[[File:Mutitjulu lass. Oct. 2005.jpg|thumb|250px|Girl at Mutitjulu (2005)]] |
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'''Mutitjulu''' in [[Australia]]'s [[Northern Territory]] is an [[Indigenous Australians|Indigenous Australian]] [[community]] at the eastern end of [[Uluru]] (also known as Ayers Rock). It is named after a knee-shaped water-filled rock hole at the base of Uluru, and is located in the [[Uluru-Kata Tjuta National Park]]. Its people are traditional owners and joint managers of the park with [[Parks Australia]]. At the [[Census in Australia#2011|2011 census]], Mutitjulu had a population of 296, of which 218 (71.2%) were Aboriginal.<ref name=Census2011Y>{{Census 2011 AUS|id=SSC70137 |name=Mutitjulu (State Suburb) |accessdate=17 September 2012|quick=on}}</ref> |
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'''Mutitjulu''' is an [[Aboriginal Australian]] community in the [[Northern Territory of Australia]] located at the eastern end of [[Uluṟu]] (also known as Ayers Rock). It is named after a knee-shaped water-filled rock hole at the base of Uluṟu, and is located in the [[Uluṟu-Kata Tjuṯa National Park]]. Its people are [[traditional owners]] and joint managers of the park with [[Parks Australia]]. At the [[Census in Australia#2011|2011 census]], Mutitjulu had a population of 296, of which 218 (71.2%) were Aboriginal.<ref name=Census2011Y>{{Census 2011 AUS|id=SSC70137 |name=Mutitjulu (State Suburb) |accessdate=17 September 2012|quick=on}}</ref> |
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The majority of the [[Anangu]] (people) are [[Pitjantjatjara people|Pitjantjatjara]] but there are also associated [[Yankunytjatjara]], [[Luritja]] and [[Ngaanyatjarra]] people with the languages spoken being Pitjantjatjara, Luritja and |
The majority of the [[Anangu]] (people) are [[Pitjantjatjara people|Pitjantjatjara]] but there are also associated [[Yankunytjatjara]], [[Luritja]], and [[Ngaanyatjarra]] people with the languages spoken being Pitjantjatjara, Luritja, and Yankunytjatjara. [[Arrernte people]] also have a traditional relationship with Uluṟu. |
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==Tourism== |
==Tourism== |
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Mutitjulu community run a number of guided tours for tourists visiting [[ |
Mutitjulu community run a number of guided tours for tourists visiting [[Uluṟu]], who show tourists certain sites, and share [[Tjukurpa]] the story of Uluṟu, as well as of its inhabitants. These tours are called [[Anangu Tours]], from the [[Pitjantjatjara language|Pitjantjatjara]] word [[Anangu]] which means "people". |
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Access to the community is controlled by Anangu, who do not allow visitors to go to Mutitjulu community without permission. The community reserves the right to forbid visitors from entering their land. |
Access to the community is controlled by Anangu, who do not allow visitors to go to Mutitjulu community without permission. The community reserves the right to forbid visitors from entering their land. |
||
The people of Mutitjulu are also the traditional owners of |
The people of Mutitjulu are also the traditional owners of Uluṟu, and have an art exhibition there where they sell paintings and other artefacts. |
||
==Economy== |
==Economy== |
||
Much of the economy of Mutitjulu comes from tourism at |
Much of the economy of Mutitjulu comes from tourism at Uluṟu and nearby [[Yulara]], a small proportion of which is funnelled back to the local economy. Despite this, Mutitjulu is not wealthier than most other [[Indigenous Australian]] communities.{{citation needed|date=June 2018}} |
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== |
==Art centre== |
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The community has a school which services students from Year 1 to Year 7, and a high school, [http://www.nyangatjatjaracollege.org.au Nyangatjatjara Secondary College]. The cultural traditions of Mutitjulu dictate that once reaching adolescence, children must be taught [[sex segregation|only with peers of the same sex]]. [[Nyangatjatjara College]] is a boarding school, and hosts the young men and young women of the community separately in consecutive semesters. |
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Maruku Arts & Crafts is a large and successful [[Aboriginal Australian]]-owned and -operated enterprise, run by [[Anangu]] (people of the [[Western Desert cultural bloc|Western and Central Deserts of Australia]]) since about 1990. It has a warehouse based in Mutitjulu, a retail gallery at [[Uluṟu-Kata Tjuṯa National Park|Uluṟu-Kata Tjuṯa National Park Cultural Centre]], as well as a [[market stall]] in [[Yulara]] town square. Its artwork consists mainly of paintings and [[woodcarving]]s. With about 900 artists in the collective, it provides an important source of income living in remote communities across [[central Australia]]. It seeks to "keep culture strong and alive, for future generations of artists, and [to] make culture accessible in an authentic way to those that seek a more in-depth understanding".<ref name=maruku>{{cite web | title=About| website=Maruku Arts | date=27 May 2016 | url=https://maruku.com.au/about/ | access-date=16 March 2020}}</ref> |
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Like with the housing and health situations, Anglo-European education standards at Mutitjulu, as with other Indigenous Australian communities, is far lower than the Australian average. |
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In May 2017, the artwork surrounding the signatures on the ''[[Uluru Statement from the Heart]]'' was created by artists from Maruku, led by [[Rene Kulitja]], and painted by artists Christine Brumby, Charmaine Kulitja, and Happy Reid.<ref>{{cite web | title=Uluru Statement from the Heart | website=[[Women of the World Festival|WOW Australia]] | date=26 May 2017 | url=https://www.wowaustralia.com.au/uluru-statement-from-the-heart | access-date=9 April 2023}}</ref> This work was represented in lights at the [[Parrtjima]] light festival in [[Alice Springs]] in April 2023.<ref >{{cite web | title=Parrtjima light festival kicks off in Alice Springs | website=[[ABC News (Australia)]]| format=video | date=8 April 2023 | url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2023-04-08/parrtjima-light-festival-kicks-off-in-alice-springs/102202474 | access-date=9 April 2023}}</ref> |
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==Language== |
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Languages spoken are [[Pitjantjatjara language|Pitjantjatjara]], [[Luritja]] and [[Yankunytjatjara]]. Communication between the languages, however, is not difficult as most residents speak several languages and these Aboriginal languages are closely related, all being mutually intelligibly varieties of the [[Western Desert Language]]. |
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Maruku is one of ten Indigenous-owned and -governed enterprises that go to make up the [[APY Art Centre Collective]],<ref name=aacc>{{cite web | title=Our Art Centres | website=APY Art Centre Collective | url=https://www.apyartcentrecollective.com/our-art-centres | access-date=16 March 2020}}</ref> established in 2013.<ref>{{cite magazine| title = New gallery run for and by Anangu artists opens in Adelaide | last = Marsh | first = Walter | magazine = The Adelaide Review | url = https://www.adelaidereview.com.au/arts/visual-arts/2019/05/20/anangu-apy-arts-centre-collective-adelaide-aboriginal-gallery/ | date = 20 May 2019 | access-date = 15 March 2020 }}</ref> |
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Efforts are made to preserve traditional customs, including traditional languages, but some [[English language|English]] is spoken by most residents. The level of [[English literacy]] by Mutitjulu residents is higher than in many [[Indigenous Australian]] communities primarily due to the regular exposure to tourists at Uluru. |
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== |
==Mutitjulu Band == |
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The Mutitjulu Band is led by Kimberley Taylor and David Honeymoon. They have performed at the [[Araluen Arts Centre]] in [[Alice Springs]], at a [[NAIDOC]] EVENT in Mutitjulu, at Voyagers resort in Yulara. They subsequently had songs recorded at the ABC recording studios in [[Sydney]], and have grown in popularity.<ref name="Grow The Music 2022">{{cite web | title=Mutitjulu, Uluru, Central Desert | website=Grow The Music | date=22 July 2022 | url=https://www.growthemusic.org/projects/mutitjulu-uluru-central-desert | access-date=12 December 2022}}</ref> |
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Many stories have been told by Indigenous Australians from all around [[Central Australia]] with regards to Uluru. Some of these stories are recreated in [[paintings]] and [[Visual arts|artwork]]. Uluru is seen as having an explanation for why we are humans, and the stories help to describe much of the surrounding [[flora (plants)|flora]] and [[fauna (animals)|fauna]]. By looking at different parts of Uluru, you can see the stories that are told illustrated. |
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==Education== |
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==Climbing of Uluru== |
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The community has a school which services students from Year 1 to Year 7, and a high school, [[Nyangatjatjara College]]. The cultural traditions of Mutitjulu dictate that once reaching adolescence, children must be taught [[sex segregation|only with peers of the same sex]]. Nyangatjatjara College is a boarding school, and hosts the young men and young women of the community separately in consecutive semesters.{{citation needed|date=June 2019}} |
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The local indigenous community request that visitors respect the sacred status of Uluru by not climbing the rock, with signs posted to this effect. |
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As with housing and health, Anglo-European education standards at Mutitjulu, are far lower than the Australian average.{{citation needed|date=June 2018}} |
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On 11 December 1983 the former Prime Minister of Australia, [[Bob Hawke]], promised to respect the request from the community that climbing Uluru be prohibited, but he broke his promise when title was handed to the traditional owners in 1985 which deeply hurt the Traditional Owners. At the last minute in the discussions, access for tourists to climb Uluru was made a condition before they could receive the title. The climb crosses an important [[Dreamtime|dreaming]] track, which has been a cause of sadness and distress among traditional owners. |
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==Language== |
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==Ownership of Uluru== |
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Languages spoken are [[Pitjantjatjara language|Pitjantjatjara]], [[Luritja]] and [[Yankunytjatjara]]. Communication between the languages, however, is not difficult as most residents speak several languages and these Aboriginal languages are closely related, all being mutually intelligibly varieties of the [[Western Desert Language]]. |
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The relationship to Uluru can best be described as one of [[property caretaker|caretaker]] rather than ownership, where one person or group, referred to as the [[traditional owner]]/s of the land, is responsible to take care of Uluru. |
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Efforts are made to preserve traditional customs, including traditional languages, but some [[English language|English]] is spoken by most residents. The level of [[English literacy]] by Mutitjulu residents is higher than in many [[Indigenous Australian]] communities primarily due to the regular exposure to tourists at Uluṟu.{{citation needed|date=June 2018}} |
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For many years, Uluru was controlled by non-Aboriginal Australians, with motels placed close by. Traditional owners who had been forced off the Park, returned and settled at [[Mutitjulu]] and worked towards restoring their [[land rights]]. Tourist facilities have been moved about 24 km north to [[Yulara]], just outside the Park boundary. |
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==Relationship to Uluṟu== |
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==Title Handback== |
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Many stories have been told by Indigenous Australians from all around [[Central Australia]] about Uluṟu. Some of these stories are recreated in [[paintings]] and [[Visual arts|artwork]], and many relate to the [[dreamtime]]. Uluṟu is seen as having an explanation for why we are humans, and the stories help to describe much of the surrounding [[flora (plants)|flora]] and [[fauna (animals)|fauna]].{{citation needed|date=June 2019}} |
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Title to the Uluru-Kata Tjutu National Park was returned to the Traditional Owners on 26 October, 1985.<ref name="Toyne1984">{{cite book |title=Growing Up the Country: the Pitjantjatjara Struggle for Their Land |publisher=McPhee Gribble |location=[[Fitzroy, Victoria]] |year=1984 |first=Phillip |last=Toyne |author2=Vachon, Daniel |page=137 |isbn=0-14-007641-7 |oclc=12611425}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.australiangeographic.com.au/blogs/on-this-day/2010/10/on-this-day-aboriginal-australians-get-uluru-back |title=On this day: Aboriginal Australians get Uluru back |publisher=Australian Geographic Society |date=26 October 2010}}</ref> |
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===Climbing of Uluṟu=== |
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==External links== |
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The local Indigenous community from 1990 requested that visitors respect the sacred status of Uluṟu by not climbing the rock, with signs posted to this effect in late 1989. In 2017 the [[Uluṟu-Kata Tjuṯa National Park]] board decided unanimously to ban the activity, from October 26, 2019.<ref>{{cite news|work=[[ABC News (Australia)|ABC News]]|title=Uluru climbs banned from October 2019 after unanimous board decision to 'close the playground'|author= Georgia Hitch and Nick Hose |date=2017-11-02|url=http://www.abc.net.au/news/2017-11-01/uluru-climbs-banned-after-unanimous-board-decision/9103512}}</ref> |
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*[http://waru.org/communities/mutitjulu/ Mutitjulu at WARU] |
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*[http://www.atns.net.au/biogs/A000436b.htm Mutijulu Community Council at ATNS] |
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===Ownership of Uluṟu=== |
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*[http://www.gpphcnt.org.au/www/index.cfm?itemID=75 Mutitjulu community profile at General Practice and Primary Health Care, Northern Territory] |
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The Anangu consider themselves [[property caretaker|caretakers]] rather than owners of Uluṟu. For many years, Uluṟu was controlled by non-Aboriginal Australians, with motels placed close by. Traditional owners who had been forced out of the national park returned and settled at Mutitjulu, and worked towards restoring their [[land rights]]. Tourist facilities have been moved about 24 km north to [[Yulara]], just outside the national park boundary. |
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*[http://www.anangutours.com.au/ Anangu Tours website] |
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*[http://www.bonzle.com/c/a?a=p&cmd=sp&p=12152&st=&s=mutitjulu Bonzle.com Digital Atlas reference page] |
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==Title handback== |
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Title to the Uluṟu-Kata Tjuṯa National Park was returned to the traditional owners on 26 October 1985.<ref name="Toyne1984">{{cite book |title=Growing Up the Country: the Pitjantjatjara Struggle for Their Land |publisher=McPhee Gribble |location=[[Fitzroy, Victoria]] |year=1984 |first=Phillip |last=Toyne |author2=Vachon, Daniel |page=137 |isbn=0-14-007641-7 |oclc=12611425}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.australiangeographic.com.au/blogs/on-this-day/2010/10/on-this-day-aboriginal-australians-get-uluru-back |title=On this day: Aboriginal Australians get Uluru back |publisher=Australian Geographic Society |date=26 October 2010}}</ref> |
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==Notes and references== |
==Notes and references== |
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{{reflist}} |
{{reflist}} |
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== Further reading == |
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*[https://web.archive.org/web/20050216190554/http://www.waru.org/communities/mutitjulu/ Mutitjulu at WARU] |
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*[https://web.archive.org/web/20060520231429/http://www.atns.net.au/biogs/A000436b.htm Mutijulu Community Council at ATNS] |
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*[https://web.archive.org/web/20050616142544/http://gpphcnt.org.au/www/index.cfm?itemID=75 Mutitjulu community profile at General Practice and Primary Health Care, Northern Territory] |
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*[https://web.archive.org/web/20130602085849/http://www.anangutours.com.au/ Anangu Tours website] |
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*[http://www.bonzle.com/c/a?a=p&cmd=sp&p=12152&st=&s=mutitjulu Bonzle.com Digital Atlas reference page] |
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*{{YouTube |6a07UZgvqBI|Mutijulu Band}}, recording a song at the ABC studios in Sydney, May 2019 |
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{{Localities and communities of the MacDonnell Region|state=collapsed}} |
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{{authority control}} |
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[[Category:Aboriginal communities in the Northern Territory]] |
[[Category:Aboriginal communities in the Northern Territory]] |
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[[Category:Australian Aboriginal freehold title]] |
[[Category:Australian Aboriginal freehold title]] |
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[[Category:Towns in the Northern Territory]] |
[[Category:Towns in the Northern Territory]] |
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[[Category:MacDonnell Region]] |
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Latest revision as of 08:13, 19 November 2023
| Mutitjulu Northern Territory | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 | |||||||||
  Mutitjulu | |||||||||
| Coordinates | 25°21′03″S 131°03′59″E / 25.35083°S 131.06639°E | ||||||||
| Population | 296 (2011 census)[1] | ||||||||
| Postcode(s) | 0872[2] | ||||||||
| Elevation | 523 m (1,716 ft) | ||||||||
| Location |
| ||||||||
| LGA(s) | MacDonnell Shire | ||||||||
| Territory electorate(s) | Namatjira[3] | ||||||||
| Federal division(s) | Lingiari[4] | ||||||||
| |||||||||
Mutitjulu is an Aboriginal Australian community in the Northern Territory of Australia located at the eastern end of Uluṟu (also known as Ayers Rock). It is named after a knee-shaped water-filled rock hole at the base of Uluṟu, and is located in the Uluṟu-Kata Tjuṯa National Park. Its people are traditional owners and joint managers of the park with Parks Australia. At the 2011 census, Mutitjulu had a population of 296, of which 218 (71.2%) were Aboriginal.[1]
The majority of the Anangu (people) are Pitjantjatjara but there are also associated Yankunytjatjara, Luritja, and Ngaanyatjarra people with the languages spoken being Pitjantjatjara, Luritja, and Yankunytjatjara. Arrernte people also have a traditional relationship with Uluṟu.
Tourism
[edit]Mutitjulu community run a number of guided tours for tourists visiting Uluṟu, who show tourists certain sites, and share Tjukurpa the story of Uluṟu, as well as of its inhabitants. These tours are called Anangu Tours, from the Pitjantjatjara word Anangu which means "people".
Access to the community is controlled by Anangu, who do not allow visitors to go to Mutitjulu community without permission. The community reserves the right to forbid visitors from entering their land.
The people of Mutitjulu are also the traditional owners of Uluṟu, and have an art exhibition there where they sell paintings and other artefacts.
Economy
[edit]Much of the economy of Mutitjulu comes from tourism at Uluṟu and nearby Yulara, a small proportion of which is funnelled back to the local economy. Despite this, Mutitjulu is not wealthier than most other Indigenous Australian communities.[citation needed]
Art centre
[edit]Maruku Arts & Crafts is a large and successful Aboriginal Australian-owned and -operated enterprise, run by Anangu (people of the Western and Central Deserts of Australia) since about 1990. It has a warehouse based in Mutitjulu, a retail gallery at Uluṟu-Kata Tjuṯa National Park Cultural Centre, as well as a market stall in Yulara town square. Its artwork consists mainly of paintings and woodcarvings. With about 900 artists in the collective, it provides an important source of income living in remote communities across central Australia. It seeks to "keep culture strong and alive, for future generations of artists, and [to] make culture accessible in an authentic way to those that seek a more in-depth understanding".[5]
In May 2017, the artwork surrounding the signatures on the Uluru Statement from the Heart was created by artists from Maruku, led by Rene Kulitja, and painted by artists Christine Brumby, Charmaine Kulitja, and Happy Reid.[6] This work was represented in lights at the Parrtjima light festival in Alice Springs in April 2023.[7]
Maruku is one of ten Indigenous-owned and -governed enterprises that go to make up the APY Art Centre Collective,[8] established in 2013.[9]
Mutitjulu Band
[edit]The Mutitjulu Band is led by Kimberley Taylor and David Honeymoon. They have performed at the Araluen Arts Centre in Alice Springs, at a NAIDOC EVENT in Mutitjulu, at Voyagers resort in Yulara. They subsequently had songs recorded at the ABC recording studios in Sydney, and have grown in popularity.[10]
Education
[edit]The community has a school which services students from Year 1 to Year 7, and a high school, Nyangatjatjara College. The cultural traditions of Mutitjulu dictate that once reaching adolescence, children must be taught only with peers of the same sex. Nyangatjatjara College is a boarding school, and hosts the young men and young women of the community separately in consecutive semesters.[citation needed]
As with housing and health, Anglo-European education standards at Mutitjulu, are far lower than the Australian average.[citation needed]
Language
[edit]Languages spoken are Pitjantjatjara, Luritja and Yankunytjatjara. Communication between the languages, however, is not difficult as most residents speak several languages and these Aboriginal languages are closely related, all being mutually intelligibly varieties of the Western Desert Language.
Efforts are made to preserve traditional customs, including traditional languages, but some English is spoken by most residents. The level of English literacy by Mutitjulu residents is higher than in many Indigenous Australian communities primarily due to the regular exposure to tourists at Uluṟu.[citation needed]
Relationship to Uluṟu
[edit]Many stories have been told by Indigenous Australians from all around Central Australia about Uluṟu. Some of these stories are recreated in paintings and artwork, and many relate to the dreamtime. Uluṟu is seen as having an explanation for why we are humans, and the stories help to describe much of the surrounding flora and fauna.[citation needed]
Climbing of Uluṟu
[edit]The local Indigenous community from 1990 requested that visitors respect the sacred status of Uluṟu by not climbing the rock, with signs posted to this effect in late 1989. In 2017 the Uluṟu-Kata Tjuṯa National Park board decided unanimously to ban the activity, from October 26, 2019.[11]
Ownership of Uluṟu
[edit]The Anangu consider themselves caretakers rather than owners of Uluṟu. For many years, Uluṟu was controlled by non-Aboriginal Australians, with motels placed close by. Traditional owners who had been forced out of the national park returned and settled at Mutitjulu, and worked towards restoring their land rights. Tourist facilities have been moved about 24 km north to Yulara, just outside the national park boundary.
Title handback
[edit]Title to the Uluṟu-Kata Tjuṯa National Park was returned to the traditional owners on 26 October 1985.[12][13]
Notes and references
[edit]- ^ a b Australian Bureau of Statistics (31 October 2012). "Mutitjulu (State Suburb)". 2011 Census QuickStats. Retrieved 17 September 2012.
- ^ "Yulara Postcode". postcode-finders.com.au. Retrieved 17 June 2019.
- ^ "Division of Namatjira". Northern Territory Electoral Commission. Retrieved 16 June 2019.
- ^ "Federal electoral division of Lingiari". Australian Electoral Commission. Retrieved 16 June 2019.
- ^ "About". Maruku Arts. 27 May 2016. Retrieved 16 March 2020.
- ^ "Uluru Statement from the Heart". WOW Australia. 26 May 2017. Retrieved 9 April 2023.
- ^ "Parrtjima light festival kicks off in Alice Springs" (video). ABC News (Australia). 8 April 2023. Retrieved 9 April 2023.
- ^ "Our Art Centres". APY Art Centre Collective. Retrieved 16 March 2020.
- ^ Marsh, Walter (20 May 2019). "New gallery run for and by Anangu artists opens in Adelaide". The Adelaide Review. Retrieved 15 March 2020.
- ^ "Mutitjulu, Uluru, Central Desert". Grow The Music. 22 July 2022. Retrieved 12 December 2022.
- ^ Georgia Hitch and Nick Hose (2 November 2017). "Uluru climbs banned from October 2019 after unanimous board decision to 'close the playground'". ABC News.
- ^ Toyne, Phillip; Vachon, Daniel (1984). Growing Up the Country: the Pitjantjatjara Struggle for Their Land. Fitzroy, Victoria: McPhee Gribble. p. 137. ISBN 0-14-007641-7. OCLC 12611425.
- ^ "On this day: Aboriginal Australians get Uluru back". Australian Geographic Society. 26 October 2010.
Further reading
[edit]- Mutitjulu at WARU
- Mutijulu Community Council at ATNS
- Mutitjulu community profile at General Practice and Primary Health Care, Northern Territory
- Anangu Tours website
- Bonzle.com Digital Atlas reference page
- Mutijulu Band on YouTube, recording a song at the ABC studios in Sydney, May 2019