Red Tail Squadron: Difference between revisions

Red Tail Squadron
	Logo prior to 2011
Focus	History of the Tuskegee Airmen
Location	971 Hallstrom Drive; Red Wing, Minnesota 55066;
Origins	The Commemorative Air Force (CAF) Red Tail Squadron
Method	Exhibition
Website	CAF Red Tail Squadron

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Revision as of 21:30, 15 November 2023

The Red Tail Squadron, part of the non-profit Commemorative Air Force (CAF), known as the Red Tail Project until June 2011, maintains and flies a World War II era North American P-51C Mustang. The twice-restored aircraft flies to create interest in the history and accomplishments of the members of the World War II-era 332nd Fighter Group, also known as the Tuskegee Airmen, whose distinctive red markings on the tails of the P-51s they flew during that war, gave the organization its name.^[1]

The all African American 332d Fighter Group originally flew 15,550 sorties as bomber escorts in the Mustang; eventually the Airmen, who were originally shunned in the white military, acquired the right to fly combat missions. In 1970, the Commemorative Air Force acquired an original P-51 to include in their educational program. In 1980, Don Hinz took charge of the aircraft's restoration, and developed the idea of the Red Tail Project, named for the distinctive red paint on the Airmen's aircraft.^[2] Originally conceived as a restoration project, Red Tail evolved into an education program. Although the P-51 was restored, mechanical failure caused a crash and the death of the pilot, a retired U.S. Navy commander; the Tuskegee Airmen endorsed and encouraged the aircraft's second restoration, and the newly restored P-51C made its debut at AirVenture 2009 in Oshkosh, Wisconsin.^[3]

Since the 1990s,^[4] the Red Tail Squadron has raised over $2 million (US) for the aircraft's two restorations, its ongoing maintenance and associated educational programs. The Mustang has been featured in two documentary films: Red Tail Reborn, and Flight of the Red Tail.

The Tuskegee Airmen

Tuskegee Airmen is the popular name of a group of African American pilots who fought in World War II as the 332nd Fighter Group and 477th Bombardment Group of the US Army Air Corps. They are also sometimes referred to as the Red Tail Angels or Red Tails, unofficial terms that were used during the War to describe the mostly unknown group of Airmen because of the distinctive red paint used on the tails of their fighter aircraft. The Tuskegee Airmen were the first unit of African American military aviators in the United States armed forces. During World War II, African Americans were still subjected to Jim Crow laws in portions of the United States and the American military itself was racially segregated. Legal and social prejudice prevented the Airmen from flying combat missions. Despite their adversities, the Tuskegee Airmen flew with distinction: In 2007, 350 Tuskegee Airmen and their widows were awarded a collective Congressional Gold Medal,^[5] and the airfield where they trained has been designated as Tuskegee Airmen National Historic Site. Although some sources claimed the Airmen had a perfect record in their 15,000 missions as bomber escorts,^[6]^[7] a report released in 2007 stated they lost 25 bombers.^[8]

P-51C Mustang Tuskegee Airmen

P-51C Mustang Tuskegee Airmen

A single nosed-propeller aircraft is in mid-flight above land. The red nose faces right and the underside of the aircraft is slightly in view. The aircraft has black propellers, gray base paint, and black letters reading: "A42". The "4" and "2" are separated by a United States roundel in black with a central white star. The roundel is also visible on the tops of the wings. The full length of the right side of the aircraft is visible.

A single nosed-propeller aircraft is on the ground on its wheels with the propeller in motion. The aircraft is viewed from the front, but the red nose faces slightly to the right. The aircraft has black propellers. Parts of the wings and propellers are cropped from view.

A close-up view of the front half of a single nosed-propeller aircraft is in mid-flight above land. The red nose faces left and the cockpit is in view from the top. The aircraft has dark propellers that are barely perceptible because of their high speed, gray base paint, and black letters reading: "A4". The word: "TUSKEGEE" is visible on the nose of the aircraft and other lettering and insignia can also be seen at higher resolutions. The "4" is followed by a United States roundel in black with a central white star.

Images of "Tuskegee Airmen", a restored World War II P-51 Mustang flown by the CAF Red Tail Squadron

At the conclusion of World War II in 1945, the United States Army sold off military surplus and for $1 ($16.9 today) Montana State University in Bozeman, Montana bought a P-51C aircraft, which it parked on its campus in front of the engineering building.^[9] The P-51C was essentially left alone in Montana, except for an occasional coat of silver paint. In 1965, when the University wanted to add a parking lot, restorer Lloyd Creek bought it from the University for $1, provided that he could remove it from the campus in 24 hours of notification in winning the bid. To move the P-51C promptly to Billings, Montana necessitated the removal of the wings, which were sawed off with a circular saw. When the aircraft arrived in Billings, the wings were reattached to the fuselage.^[9]

In 1970, frustrated with restoration efforts, Creek donated the P-51C to the CAF, which disassembled the aircraft and shipped it to the organization's home base in Texas. While awaiting restoration, the aircraft endured a hurricane which exposed numerous parts of the aircraft to seawater damage. Several CAF volunteers attempted to rehab the aircraft in Minneapolis, Minnesota, Texas, Council Bluffs, Iowa, and finally in the late 1980s at the home of the Southern Minnesota wing of the CAF, which had just completed the restoration of the North American B-25 Mitchell bomber, Miss Mitchell. After noting the P-51C was in need of restoration, Don Hinz channeled his energy and talents into the emerging Red Tail project.^[9] The aircraft is now one of only four existing P-51C Mustangs in existence.^[10] As one of the four flying Mustangs, it is worth $2.5 million.^[11]

History

The Commemorative Air Force, which has approximately 9,000 members and a fleet of 156 aircraft, is an educational association with the purpose to pay tribute to American military aviation through flight, exhibition and remembrance. It has been collecting, restoring and flying vintage historical aircraft for more than half a century.^[12] In the 1990s, the CAF's Minnesota Wing began restoring a P-51 that many branches of the CAF organization had attempted to restore but found the task beyond their capabilities. The P-51C once served Capt. Andrew "Jug" Turner.^[13] Pilot Don Hinz, a retired United States Navy commander based at Fleming Field in South St. Paul, Minnesota, heard of the project and enlisted some experts as well as named the effort "The Red Tail Project".

Originally, the restoration was attempted at Fleming Field.^[14] After soliciting the assistance of outside contractors from North Dakota, the aircraft was airborne in May 2001. The P-51C, which was named "Tuskegee Airmen",^[15] was included in numerous air shows to tell the history of the pilot group.^[16]^[17] From May 2001 to May 2004, the aircraft flew before more than an estimated three million people.^[18] By 2004, Hinz envisioned an educational program based on the restored aircraft. In a May 2004 show in Red Wing, Minnesota the camshaft drive of the Rolls-Royce Merlin engine failed. Although Hinz successfully landed the aircraft between two houses in a residential suburb, both wings were ripped off and the body was badly damaged.^[3] A tree damaged in the crash fell on Hinz, causing head trauma from which he did not recover.^[19]^[20]^[21]

The Tuskegee Airmen decided to restore the aircraft. The five-year restoration occurred at Tri-State Aviation in Wahpeton, North Dakota.^[22] In 2007, Gerry Beck, one of the primary restorers, was in a fatal collision of his P-51A and a P-51D during AirVenture 2007.^[10]^[23] Beck was the owner of Tri-State Aviation, but about a half dozen other CAF volunteer aviation mechanics contributed to the effort to pick up where he left off.^[10]^[11] The rebuilding continued with the mounting of the engine in 2008 and the mating of the wing in 2009. On July 22, 2009,^[12] four days before AirVenture 2009 in Oshkosh, Wisconsin, the P-51C had its first flight. Then, it was flown to Wisconsin for its public debut. After the show it returned to Minnesota with a 6 AT-6 escort.^[24] The aircraft has also served a tribute via military flyovers for fallen Tuskegee Airmen.^[25]

In 2011, the volunteer-driven organization changed its name from the "Red Tail Project" to the "CAF Red Tail Squadron" and also completed construction of the RISE ABOVE Traveling Exhibit as an additional tool to help tell the story of these pilots and their support personnel (who are also known as Tuskegee Airmen). The Mustang and the RISE ABOVE Traveling Exhibit appear together at air shows, and the Traveling Exhibit also goes to schools and other youth-oriented venues.^[26]

Documentary

After the 2004 crash, the restoration became the impetus for a nationwide fund raising effort and attracted the attention of Adam White, an independent film maker who was, at the time, filming a documentary on vintage aircraft restoration called The Restorers. He was attracted to both the aircraft and the cause, and his 2007 historical documentary, Red Tail Reborn won Emmy Award recognition in his home state of Ohio, where it was first broadcast in February 2007, and, subsequently released on DVD in March of that year.^[27]^[28] Narrated by Michael Dorn of Star Trek fame, himself a pilot and warbird owner, the film documents the difficulties of the restoration of the P-51C and the travails of the Tuskegee Airmen. The following year PBS picked up the film in its Black History Month programming.^[11] White also completed a sequel, Flight of the Red Tail, a 12-minute film released in 2009.^[29]

The restoration, completed in 2009, cost $1 million.^[30] In 2005, the Red Tail Project, which is not for profit,^[31] sought to raise about $2 million to fund the initial restoration.^[32] The organization held several types of events to raise funds.^[33] Since then, community-based organizations adopted the project.^[34] For example, in Wahpeton, North Dakota, where the aircraft was restored, each August, the "Red Tail Run" is held. This motorcycle and vehicle run, which starts at the Harry Stern Airport, raises money for the project.^[35]^[36] In 2008, the organization hired Fund Raising Strategies, a fund raising specialist firm, to develop a direct mail fund raising program.^[37]

Educational resources

The CAF Red Tail Squadron endeavors to preserve the legacy of the airmen through aviation education.^[38] In addition to the P-51C Mustang Tuskegee Airmen the Squadron RISE ABOVE Traveling Exhibit, utilized for tours and private showings for schools and groups around the country, the Squadron curates and provides educational resources for interested persons. These resources include a "Virtual Museum" which is an online repository of items belonging to or used by Tuskegee Airmen, including a catalogue of public memorials and artwork.^[39]

The "RISE ABOVE Traveling Exhibit" was introduced at EAA AirVenture 2011. It consists of a 53-foot (16.2 m) long semi trailer and tractor. The trailer, which has colorful graphics on all four sides, has expandable sides and houses a 40-foot (12.2 m) long, curved IMAX movie screen plus comfortable seating for 30 guests; it is also climate controlled. An original IMAX movie called RISE ABOVE, developed and filmed specifically for the Red Tail Squadron and the unique movie screen, is shown.^[40] The traveling exhibit goes to air shows with the Red Tail Project Mustang and spends 40 weeks per year at schools and places where young people congregate. The idea is to take the story of the Tuskegee Airmen, and how they overcame so many obstacles by setting goals and working to meet them, directly to the students who can benefit from hearing about the Airmen's experiences. The RISE ABOVE Traveling Exhibit is sponsored by the Texas Flying Legends Museum.^[41]

References

Notes

^ Harden, Mike (May 5, 1999). "Not One To Take 'No' For An Answer, Bill Watkins Walks Again". The Columbus Dispatch, May 5, 1999. p. 01E. Retrieved December 12, 2009.
^ Harrison, Christine. "Historic homecoming for Tuskegee Airmen as site opens". Air Force Historical Research Agency, August 16, 2008. Archived from the original on October 20, 2008. Retrieved December 12, 2009.
^ ^a ^b Brooks 2005, p. 43.
^ Wilkinson, Jennifer (December 15, 1997). "Central Students Relate To Airmen". Telegraph Herald, December 15, 1997. p. A1. Retrieved December 12, 2009.
^ Evans, Ben. "Tuskegee Airmen awarded Congressional Gold Medal". Associated Press.
^ Darran, Simon (May 4, 2006). "Legendary Black Pilots Saluted For Exploits, Heroism In WWII". The Miami Herald. p. 1B. Retrieved December 26, 2009.
^ Majeski, Tom (August 7, 1999). "Aviation Expo Features Famous Pilot//Tibbets Flew B-29 Carrying A-Bomb". St. Paul Pioneer Press, August 7, 1999. p. 1C. Retrieved December 12, 2009.
^ "Report: Tuskegee Airmen lost 25 bombers". Montgomery, Alabama: USA Today. April 1, 2007. Archived from the original on 2009-03-05. Retrieved 6 January 2010.
^ ^a ^b ^c Red Tail Reborn, 2007, Hemlock Films.
^ ^a ^b ^c Ferraro, Nick (August 6, 2009). "History Soars Again – A Rebuilt WWII Airplane Carries The Memory OF Pilot Donald Hinz And The Story Of The Tuskegee Airmen". St. Paul Pioneer Press. p. B1. Archived from the original on November 15, 2023. Retrieved January 25, 2010.
^ ^a ^b ^c Hevern, Erin C (February 12, 2008). "'Red Tail Reborn' to air on PBS Feb. 14". The Daily News (North Dakota). Archived from the original on October 31, 2022. Retrieved January 25, 2010.
^ ^a ^b "Page 2 Read: CAF P-51C Tuskegee Airmen is airborne again". The Odessa American. July 29, 2009. p. A2. Retrieved December 26, 2009.
^ Hockaday, Laura R (August 23, 1998). "Bride and groom pilot a new course". The Kansas City Star. p. H9. Retrieved December 12, 2009.
^ Ngo, Nancy (August 8, 1999). "Flying Together//During World War II, Black Pilots Called The Tuskegee Airmen Saved Many Lives. Now, The Airmen Are Being Recognized At A Local Aviation Expo For Their Service". St. Paul Pioneer Press. p. 1B. Retrieved December 12, 2009.
^ "Region News: WWII plane returns: A re stored World War II airplane is returning to its hangar in South St. Paul today after a five-year absence". Grand Forks Herald. August 5, 2009. p. A8. Retrieved December 26, 2009.
^ Harris, Hamil R (May 17, 2003). "Tuskegee Airmen Now Look to Future – Organization of Pioneer Black Pilots Hopes to Inspire a New Generation". Washington Post. p. B3. Retrieved December 12, 2009.
^ "Prescott prepares for air fair to celebrate centennial of flight". Green Valley News & Sun. August 15, 2003. Retrieved December 12, 2009.
^ Doss, Robert (August 22, 2008). "Red Tail Project takes flight again". Palos Verdes Peninsula News. Archived from the original on October 31, 2022. Retrieved January 1, 2010.
^ Bjorhus, Jennifer (May 30, 2004). "Woodbury Pilot Crashes – 60-Year-Old's Injuries Critical After Rare WWII Plane Faces Trouble". St. Paul Pioneer Press. p. B3. Retrieved December 12, 2009.
^ McKinney, Matt (May 31, 2004). "Pilot in air show crash dies – He avoided striking any homes". Star Tribune. p. 1B. Retrieved December 12, 2009.
^ Pattison, Kermit (May 31, 2004). "Air Show Pilot Dies Of Crash Injuries – Donald Hinz Had Restored Mustang Fighter He Was Flying". St. Paul Pioneer Press. p. B1. Retrieved December 12, 2009.
^ Walsh, Paul (August 5, 2009). "Plane used to tell the story of Tuskegee Airmen is back". Star Tribune. p. 3B. Archived from the original on November 15, 2023. Retrieved December 26, 2009.
^ Hevern, Erin C (January 2, 2008). "Beck honored by N.D. Aviation Hall of Fame". The Daily News (North Dakota). p. B1. Archived from the original on November 15, 2023. Retrieved January 25, 2010.
^ Ferraro, Nick (August 6, 2009). "History Soars Again – A Rebuilt WWII Airplane Carries The Memory Of Pilot Donald Hinz And The Story Of The Tuskegee Airmen". St. Paul Pioneer Press. p. B1. Archived from the original on November 15, 2023. Retrieved December 26, 2009.
^ "Tuskegee Airman Vernon Hopson services scheduled". Nashville Pride. September 11, 2009. p. 1B, 7B. Archived from the original on November 15, 2023. Retrieved December 26, 2009.
^ Hicks, Autumn (June 15, 2011). "CAF Red Tail Project Becomes the CAF Red Tail Squadron As: It Soars to New Educational Heights" (PDF). Commemorative Air Force. Archived (PDF) from the original on April 25, 2012. Retrieved October 12, 2011.
^ Washington, Julie E (February 10, 2007). "Contract issues led Monday away from Channel 3". The Plain Dealer. p. E1. Archived from the original on October 31, 2022. Retrieved December 26, 2009.
^ Larsen, Dave (March 16, 2007). "WSU Graduate's Tuskegee Airmen Documentary To Get Dayton Launch". Dayton Daily News. p. GO29. Archived from the original on October 31, 2022. Retrieved December 26, 2009.
^ Nolan, John (October 29, 2009). "Local headlines". Dayton Daily News. p. A11. Archived from the original on November 15, 2023. Retrieved January 1, 2010.
^ Walsh, Paul (August 5, 2009). "Plane used to tell the story of Tuskegee Airmen is back". Star Tribune. p. 3B. Archived from the original on November 15, 2023. Retrieved December 26, 2009.
^ Bykofsky, Stu (May 29, 2008). "The legendary Red Tails flew us into a new world". Philadelphia Daily News. p. 06. Archived from the original on November 15, 2023. Retrieved December 26, 2009.
^ Bonner, Brian (May 26, 2005). "Pilot's Dream Adopted – Don Hinz Died Before He Could Restore Tuskegee Era Mustang". St. Paul Pioneer Press. p. B1. Archived from the original on November 15, 2023. Retrieved December 26, 2009.
^ "Cirrus owners help historic effort". Duluth News-Tribune. June 7, 2006. Archived from the original on November 15, 2023. Retrieved December 26, 2009.
^ "3 accused in killing face another police lineup". The Miami Herald. January 13, 2007. p. 2B. Archived from the original on November 15, 2023. Retrieved December 26, 2009.
^ Hevern, Erin C. (August 26, 2009). "Join the Red Tail Run, support cause". The Daily News (North Dakota). Archived from the original on November 15, 2023. Retrieved December 26, 2009.
^ Johnson, Jennifer (August 25, 2009). "Run benefits memory of Airmen, Beck". The Daily News (North Dakota). Archived from the original on November 15, 2023. Retrieved February 23, 2012.
^ "Tuskegee Airmen Group Selects FRS". PR Newswire. March 19, 2008. Archived from the original on November 15, 2023. Retrieved December 26, 2009.
^ Doss, Robert (August 24, 2008). "Red Tail Project takes flight again". Palos Verdes Peninsula News. Archived from the original on October 31, 2022. Retrieved December 26, 2009.
^ "CAF's Red Tail Squadron Grows Virtual Museum". Flying Magazine. Archived from the original on 2020-10-01. Retrieved 2018-01-17.
^ Tillman 2012, p. 27.
^ "Commemorative Air Force & Texas Flying Legends Museum: Join Forces to 'Rise Above'". Archived 2022-08-20 at the Wayback Machine Texas Flying Legends Museum, April 27, 2011. Retrieved August 12, 2011.

Bibliography

Brooks, Philip. The Tuskegee Airmen. Minneapolis, Minnesota: Compass Point Books, 2019. ISBN 978-0-7565-0683-4.
O'Leary, Michael. North American Aviation P-51 Mustang (Osprey Production Line to Frontline 1). Oxford, UK: Osprey, 1998. ISBN 978-1-85532-703-0.
Red Tail: Rising Above Adversity To Fly Again. St. Paul, Minnesota: Commemorative Air Force.
Ross, Stan and Cindy Bergquiat. Don Hinz and the Red Tail Project. St. Paul, Minnesota: Office of Aeronautics, Minnesota Department of Transportation, 2006.
Tillman, Barrett. "Tales of the Red Tails; Inside the Tuskegee Legend: The men, the machines, the missions". Flight Journal, February 2012.

External links

2009 Homecoming photoessay

[1] Harden, Mike (May 5, 1999). "Not One To Take 'No' For An Answer, Bill Watkins Walks Again". The Columbus Dispatch, May 5, 1999. p. 01E. Retrieved December 12, 2009.

[2] Harrison, Christine. "Historic homecoming for Tuskegee Airmen as site opens". Air Force Historical Research Agency, August 16, 2008. Archived from the original on October 20, 2008. Retrieved December 12, 2009.

[Brooks_p._43-3] Brooks 2005, p. 43.

[4] Wilkinson, Jennifer (December 15, 1997). "Central Students Relate To Airmen". Telegraph Herald, December 15, 1997. p. A1. Retrieved December 12, 2009.

[5] Evans, Ben. "Tuskegee Airmen awarded Congressional Gold Medal". Associated Press.

[6] Darran, Simon (May 4, 2006). "Legendary Black Pilots Saluted For Exploits, Heroism In WWII". The Miami Herald. p. 1B. Retrieved December 26, 2009.

[7] Majeski, Tom (August 7, 1999). "Aviation Expo Features Famous Pilot//Tibbets Flew B-29 Carrying A-Bomb". St. Paul Pioneer Press, August 7, 1999. p. 1C. Retrieved December 12, 2009.

[USAToday-8] "Report: Tuskegee Airmen lost 25 bombers". Montgomery, Alabama: USA Today. April 1, 2007. Archived from the original on 2009-03-05. Retrieved 6 January 2010.

[RTR-9] Red Tail Reborn, 2007, Hemlock Films.

[HSA-10] Ferraro, Nick (August 6, 2009). "History Soars Again – A Rebuilt WWII Airplane Carries The Memory OF Pilot Donald Hinz And The Story Of The Tuskegee Airmen". St. Paul Pioneer Press. p. B1. Archived from the original on November 15, 2023. Retrieved January 25, 2010.

[RTRtaoPF1-11] Hevern, Erin C (February 12, 2008). "'Red Tail Reborn' to air on PBS Feb. 14". The Daily News (North Dakota). Archived from the original on October 31, 2022. Retrieved January 25, 2010.

[P2R-12] "Page 2 Read: CAF P-51C Tuskegee Airmen is airborne again". The Odessa American. July 29, 2009. p. A2. Retrieved December 26, 2009.

[13] Hockaday, Laura R (August 23, 1998). "Bride and groom pilot a new course". The Kansas City Star. p. H9. Retrieved December 12, 2009.

[14] Ngo, Nancy (August 8, 1999). "Flying Together//During World War II, Black Pilots Called The Tuskegee Airmen Saved Many Lives. Now, The Airmen Are Being Recognized At A Local Aviation Expo For Their Service". St. Paul Pioneer Press. p. 1B. Retrieved December 12, 2009.

[15] "Region News: WWII plane returns: A re stored World War II airplane is returning to its hangar in South St. Paul today after a five-year absence". Grand Forks Herald. August 5, 2009. p. A8. Retrieved December 26, 2009.

[16] Harris, Hamil R (May 17, 2003). "Tuskegee Airmen Now Look to Future – Organization of Pioneer Black Pilots Hopes to Inspire a New Generation". Washington Post. p. B3. Retrieved December 12, 2009.

[17] "Prescott prepares for air fair to celebrate centennial of flight". Green Valley News & Sun. August 15, 2003. Retrieved December 12, 2009.

[18] Doss, Robert (August 22, 2008). "Red Tail Project takes flight again". Palos Verdes Peninsula News. Archived from the original on October 31, 2022. Retrieved January 1, 2010.

[19] Bjorhus, Jennifer (May 30, 2004). "Woodbury Pilot Crashes – 60-Year-Old's Injuries Critical After Rare WWII Plane Faces Trouble". St. Paul Pioneer Press. p. B3. Retrieved December 12, 2009.

[20] McKinney, Matt (May 31, 2004). "Pilot in air show crash dies – He avoided striking any homes". Star Tribune. p. 1B. Retrieved December 12, 2009.

[21] Pattison, Kermit (May 31, 2004). "Air Show Pilot Dies Of Crash Injuries – Donald Hinz Had Restored Mustang Fighter He Was Flying". St. Paul Pioneer Press. p. B1. Retrieved December 12, 2009.

[22] Walsh, Paul (August 5, 2009). "Plane used to tell the story of Tuskegee Airmen is back". Star Tribune. p. 3B. Archived from the original on November 15, 2023. Retrieved December 26, 2009.

[23] Hevern, Erin C (January 2, 2008). "Beck honored by N.D. Aviation Hall of Fame". The Daily News (North Dakota). p. B1. Archived from the original on November 15, 2023. Retrieved January 25, 2010.

[24] Ferraro, Nick (August 6, 2009). "History Soars Again – A Rebuilt WWII Airplane Carries The Memory Of Pilot Donald Hinz And The Story Of The Tuskegee Airmen". St. Paul Pioneer Press. p. B1. Archived from the original on November 15, 2023. Retrieved December 26, 2009.

[25] "Tuskegee Airman Vernon Hopson services scheduled". Nashville Pride. September 11, 2009. p. 1B, 7B. Archived from the original on November 15, 2023. Retrieved December 26, 2009.

[26] Hicks, Autumn (June 15, 2011). "CAF Red Tail Project Becomes the CAF Red Tail Squadron As: It Soars to New Educational Heights" (PDF). Commemorative Air Force. Archived (PDF) from the original on April 25, 2012. Retrieved October 12, 2011.

[27] Washington, Julie E (February 10, 2007). "Contract issues led Monday away from Channel 3". The Plain Dealer. p. E1. Archived from the original on October 31, 2022. Retrieved December 26, 2009.

[28] Larsen, Dave (March 16, 2007). "WSU Graduate's Tuskegee Airmen Documentary To Get Dayton Launch". Dayton Daily News. p. GO29. Archived from the original on October 31, 2022. Retrieved December 26, 2009.

[29] Nolan, John (October 29, 2009). "Local headlines". Dayton Daily News. p. A11. Archived from the original on November 15, 2023. Retrieved January 1, 2010.

[30] Walsh, Paul (August 5, 2009). "Plane used to tell the story of Tuskegee Airmen is back". Star Tribune. p. 3B. Archived from the original on November 15, 2023. Retrieved December 26, 2009.

[31] Bykofsky, Stu (May 29, 2008). "The legendary Red Tails flew us into a new world". Philadelphia Daily News. p. 06. Archived from the original on November 15, 2023. Retrieved December 26, 2009.

[32] Bonner, Brian (May 26, 2005). "Pilot's Dream Adopted – Don Hinz Died Before He Could Restore Tuskegee Era Mustang". St. Paul Pioneer Press. p. B1. Archived from the original on November 15, 2023. Retrieved December 26, 2009.

[33] "Cirrus owners help historic effort". Duluth News-Tribune. June 7, 2006. Archived from the original on November 15, 2023. Retrieved December 26, 2009.

[34] "3 accused in killing face another police lineup". The Miami Herald. January 13, 2007. p. 2B. Archived from the original on November 15, 2023. Retrieved December 26, 2009.

[35] Hevern, Erin C. (August 26, 2009). "Join the Red Tail Run, support cause". The Daily News (North Dakota). Archived from the original on November 15, 2023. Retrieved December 26, 2009.

[36] Johnson, Jennifer (August 25, 2009). "Run benefits memory of Airmen, Beck". The Daily News (North Dakota). Archived from the original on November 15, 2023. Retrieved February 23, 2012.

[37] "Tuskegee Airmen Group Selects FRS". PR Newswire. March 19, 2008. Archived from the original on November 15, 2023. Retrieved December 26, 2009.

[38] Doss, Robert (August 24, 2008). "Red Tail Project takes flight again". Palos Verdes Peninsula News. Archived from the original on October 31, 2022. Retrieved December 26, 2009.

[39] "CAF's Red Tail Squadron Grows Virtual Museum". Flying Magazine. Archived from the original on 2020-10-01. Retrieved 2018-01-17.

[40] Tillman 2012, p. 27.

[41] "Commemorative Air Force & Texas Flying Legends Museum: Join Forces to 'Rise Above'". Archived 2022-08-20 at the Wayback Machine Texas Flying Legends Museum, April 27, 2011. Retrieved August 12, 2011.

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@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
+{{Short description|American non-profit organization}}
+{{Good article}}
 {{Infobox organization
-| name = CAF Red Tail Squadron
+| name = Red Tail Squadron
 | logo = Red Tail Project logo.jpg
+| logo_alt =Logo of the Red Tail Project with the words: "RED TAIL" in black letters above the left-aligned word PROJECT in gray letters which are half as tall all of which is above a motto reading: "AMERICA's FLYING TRIBUTE TO THE TUSKEGEE AIRMEN" (c), written in all caps, in a single line the same width as the first and much smaller letters. A single nosed-propeller aircraft with a red tail and nose, black propellers, gray base paint, black letters reading A42. The "4" and "2" are separated by a United States roundel in black with a central white star. The roundel is also visible on the tops of the aircraft's wings.
-| type =
+| logo_caption = Logo prior to 2011
-| founded_date =
-| founder =
+| type =
+| founded_date =
-| location = '''Organization'''<br>The CAF Red Tail Squadron<br>Commemorative Air Force<br>971 Hallstrom Drive<br>[[Red Wing, Minnesota|Red Wing]], Minnesota 55066
-| origins =
+| founder =
+| location = 971 Hallstrom Drive<br>[[Red Wing, Minnesota|Red Wing]], Minnesota 55066
-| key_people =
+| origins = The [[Commemorative Air Force]] (CAF) Red Tail Squadron
-| area_served =
-| product =
+| key_people =
+| area_served =
-| focus = The inspirational history of the Tuskegee Airmen
+| product =
+| focus = History of the [[Tuskegee Airmen]]
 | method = Exhibition
 | revenue =
 | endowment =
 | num_volunteers =
 | num_employees =
 | num_members =
 | subsid =
 | owner =
-| Non-profit_slogan = America's Tribute to the Tuskegee Airmen
 | homepage = [http://www.redtail.org/ CAF Red Tail Squadron]
 | dissolved =
 | footnotes =
 }}
+The '''Red Tail Squadron''', part of the non-profit [[Commemorative Air Force]] (CAF), known as the '''Red Tail Project''' until June 2011, maintains and flies a [[World War II]] era [[North American P-51 Mustang|North American P-51C Mustang]]. The twice-restored aircraft flies to create interest in the history and accomplishments of the members of the World War II-era [[332nd Fighter Group]], also known as the [[Tuskegee Airmen]], whose distinctive red markings on the tails of the P-51s they flew during that war, gave the organization its name.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://docs.newsbank.com/openurl?ctx_ver=z39.88-2004&rft_id=info:sid/iw.newsbank.com:NewsBank:CLDB&rft_val_format=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&rft_dat=10DD3F33D35CAA40&svc_dat=InfoWeb:aggregated5&req_dat=0D0CB579A3BDA420 |title=Not One To Take 'No' For An Answer, Bill Watkins Walks Again |access-date=December 12, 2009 |date=May 5, 1999 |work=[[The Columbus Dispatch]], May 5, 1999 |author=Harden, Mike |page=01E}}</ref>
-The '''CAF Red Tail Squadron''' (formerly the '''Red Tail Project''') is a non-profit educational outreach group that is committed to telling the inspirational story of the Tuskegee Airmen, the first African American military aviators that made their mark during World War II. They maintain and fly a [[World War II]]-era [[North American P-51 Mustang|North American P-51C Mustang]], take their ''RISE ABOVE Traveling Exhibit'' mobile movie theater to events around the country throughout the year, and maintain robust educational resources on their website at www.redtail.org.
+The all African American 332d Fighter Group originally flew 15,550 sorties as [[bomber escort]]s in the Mustang; eventually the Airmen, who were originally shunned in the white military, acquired the right to fly combat missions. In 1970, the Commemorative Air Force acquired an original P-51 to include in their educational program. In 1980, Don Hinz took charge of the aircraft's restoration, and developed the idea of the Red Tail Project, named for the distinctive red paint on the Airmen's aircraft.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.aetc.af.mil/news/story.asp?id=123119655 |title=Historic homecoming for Tuskegee Airmen as site opens |access-date=December 12, 2009 |author=Harrison, Christine |publisher=Air Force Historical Research Agency, August 16, 2008 |archive-date=October 20, 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081020084132/http://www.aetc.af.mil/news/story.asp?id=123119655 |url-status=live }}</ref> Originally conceived as a restoration project, Red Tail evolved into an education program. Although the P-51 was restored, mechanical failure caused a crash and the death of the pilot, a retired U.S. Navy commander; the Tuskegee Airmen endorsed and encouraged the aircraft's second restoration, and the newly restored P-51C made its debut at AirVenture 2009 in [[Oshkosh, Wisconsin]].<ref name="Brooks p. 43">Brooks 2005, p. 43.</ref>
-The mission of the CAF Red Tail Squadron is to educate people of all ages about the Tuskegee Airmen so their strength of character and ability to triumph over adversity may serve as a means to inspire others to rise above obstacles in their own lives and achieve their goals. Woven throughout their outreach program, the group’s Six Guiding Principles – '''Aim High, Believe In Yourself, Use Your Brain, Be Ready To Go, Never Quit and Expect to Win''' – were developed alongside documented original Tuskegee Airmen to inspire students to rise above their own obstacles.
+Since the 1990s,<ref>{{cite news |url=http://docs.newsbank.com/openurl?ctx_ver=z39.88-2004&rft_id=info:sid/iw.newsbank.com:NewsBank:DTHB&rft_val_format=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&rft_dat=0EAE4ACCA2E6294A&svc_dat=InfoWeb:aggregated5&req_dat=0D0CB579A3BDA420 |title=Central Students Relate To Airmen |access-date=December 12, 2009 |date=December 15, 1997 |work=[[Telegraph Herald]], December 15, 1997 |author=Wilkinson, Jennifer |page=A1}}</ref> the Red Tail Squadron has raised over $2 million (US) for the aircraft's two restorations, its ongoing maintenance and associated educational programs. The Mustang has been featured in two [[documentary film]]s: ''[[Red Tail Reborn]]'', and ''[[Flight of the Red Tail]]''.
 ==The Tuskegee Airmen==
-[[File:Pilots of the 332nd Fighter Group.jpg|thumb|left|Pilots of the [[332nd Fighter Group]], known as [[Tuskegee Airmen]], at [[Ramitelli Airfield]], [[Italy]].]]
+[[File:Pilots of the 332nd Fighter Group.jpg|thumb|left|Pilots of the [[332nd Fighter Group]], known as [[Tuskegee Airmen]], at [[Ramitelli Airfield]], [[Italy]]]]
-The [[Tuskegee Airmen]] {{IPAc-en|t|ʌ|s|ˈ|k|iː|ɡ|iː}}<ref>[http://dictionary.reference.com/search?q=Tuskegee  "Pronunciation of Tuskegee"] ''dictionary.reference.com.'' Retrieved February 24, 2012.</ref>  is the popular name of a group of [[African American]] pilots who fought in World War II as the [[332nd Fighter Group]] and 477th Bombardment Group of the [[United States Army Air Forces|US Army Air Corps]]. There are also sometimes referred to as the Red Tail Angels or Red Tails, unofficial terms that were used during the War to describe the mostly unknown group of Airmen because of the distinctive red paint used on the tails of their fighter aircraft. The Tuskegee Airmen were the first unit of African American military aviators in the United States armed forces. During World War II, African Americans were still subjected to [[Jim Crow laws]] in portions of the United States and the American military itself was [[Racial segregation in the United States|racially segregated]]. Legal and social prejudice prevented the Airmen from flying combat missions. Despite their adversities, the Tuskegee Airmen flew with distinction: In 2007, 350 Tuskegee Airmen and their widows were awarded a collective [[Congressional Gold Medal]],<ref>{{cite news|date=|author=Evans, Ben|title=Tuskegee Airmen awarded Congressional Gold Medal|agency=''[[Associated Press]]'', March 30, 2007|accessdate=April 30, 2007}}</ref> and the airfield where they trained has been designated as [[Tuskegee Airmen National Historic Site]]. Although some sources claimed the Airmen had a perfect record in their 15,000 missions as [[bomber escort]]s,<ref>{{cite news|url=http://docs.newsbank.com/openurl?ctx_ver=z39.88-2004&rft_id=info:sid/iw.newsbank.com:NewsBank:MIHB&rft_val_format=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&rft_dat=1116C65B94E86847&svc_dat=InfoWeb:aggregated5&req_dat=0D0CB579A3BDA420|title=Legendary Black Pilots Saluted For Exploits, Heroism In WWII|accessdate=December 26, 2009|date=May 4, 2006|work=[[The Miami Herald]], ''May 4, 2006''|author=Darran, Simon|page=1B}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://docs.newsbank.com/openurl?ctx_ver=z39.88-2004&rft_id=info:sid/iw.newsbank.com:NewsBank:PIPB&rft_val_format=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&rft_dat=0EB5E3FCAE9B7903&svc_dat=InfoWeb:aggregated5&req_dat=0D0CB579A3BDA420|title=Aviation Expo Features Famous Pilot//Tibbets Flew B-29 Carrying A-Bomb|accessdate=December 12, 2009|date=August 7, 1999|work=[[St. Paul Pioneer Press]], ''August 7, 1999''|author=Majeski, Tom|page=1C}}</ref> recent research has revealed they lost 25 [[bomber]]s.<ref name="USAToday">{{cite news|url=https://www.usatoday.com/news/nation/2007-04-01-tuskegee-airmen_N.htm|title=Report: Tuskegee Airmen lost 25 bombers|date=April 1, 2007|publisher=''[[USA Today]]'', April 1, 2007|accessdate=6 January 2010|location=Montgomery, Alabama}}</ref>
+[[Tuskegee Airmen]] is the popular name of a group of [[African American]] pilots who fought in World War II as the [[332nd Fighter Group]] and 477th Bombardment Group of the [[United States Army Air Forces|US Army Air Corps]]. They are also sometimes referred to as the Red Tail Angels or Red Tails, unofficial terms that were used during the War to describe the mostly unknown group of Airmen because of the distinctive red paint used on the tails of their fighter aircraft. The Tuskegee Airmen were the first unit of African American military aviators in the United States armed forces. During World War II, African Americans were still subjected to [[Jim Crow laws]] in portions of the United States and the American military itself was [[Racial segregation in the United States|racially segregated]]. Legal and social prejudice prevented the Airmen from flying combat missions. Despite their adversities, the Tuskegee Airmen flew with distinction: In 2007, 350 Tuskegee Airmen and their widows were awarded a collective [[Congressional Gold Medal]],<ref>{{cite news |author=Evans, Ben |title=Tuskegee Airmen awarded Congressional Gold Medal|agency=[[Associated Press]]}}</ref> and the airfield where they trained has been designated as [[Tuskegee Airmen National Historic Site]]. Although some sources claimed the Airmen had a perfect record in their 15,000 missions as [[bomber escort]]s,<ref>{{cite news |url=http://docs.newsbank.com/openurl?ctx_ver=z39.88-2004&rft_id=info:sid/iw.newsbank.com:NewsBank:MIHB&rft_val_format=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&rft_dat=1116C65B94E86847&svc_dat=InfoWeb:aggregated5&req_dat=0D0CB579A3BDA420 |title=Legendary Black Pilots Saluted For Exploits, Heroism In WWII |access-date=December 26, 2009 |date=May 4, 2006 |work=[[The Miami Herald]] |author=Darran, Simon |page=1B}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://docs.newsbank.com/openurl?ctx_ver=z39.88-2004&rft_id=info:sid/iw.newsbank.com:NewsBank:PIPB&rft_val_format=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&rft_dat=0EB5E3FCAE9B7903&svc_dat=InfoWeb:aggregated5&req_dat=0D0CB579A3BDA420 |title=Aviation Expo Features Famous Pilot//Tibbets Flew B-29 Carrying A-Bomb |access-date=December 12, 2009 |date=August 7, 1999 |work=[[St. Paul Pioneer Press]], August 7, 1999 |author=Majeski, Tom |page=1C}}</ref> a report released in 2007 stated they lost 25 [[bomber]]s.<ref name="USAToday">{{cite news |url=https://www.usatoday.com/news/nation/2007-04-01-tuskegee-airmen_N.htm |title=Report: Tuskegee Airmen lost 25 bombers |date=April 1, 2007 |publisher=[[USA Today]] |access-date=6 January 2010 |location=Montgomery, Alabama |archive-date=2009-03-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090305175618/http://www.usatoday.com/news/nation/2007-04-01-tuskegee-airmen_N.htm |url-status=live }}</ref>
 ==P-51C Mustang ''Tuskegee Airmen''==
@@ Line 39: / Line 45: @@
 | header = P-51C Mustang ''Tuskegee Airmen''
 | header_align = left/right/center
 | header_background =
-| footer = Images of "Tuskegee Airmen",<br>a restored World War II<br>[[North American P-51 Mustang|P-51 Mustang]]<br>flown by the CAF Red Tail Squadron.
+| footer = Images of "Tuskegee Airmen", a restored World War II [[North American P-51 Mustang|P-51 Mustang]] flown by the CAF Red Tail Squadron
 | footer_align = left/right/center
 | footer_background =
 | width =
 | image1 = P-51C-18.jpg
 | width1 = 180
 | alt1 = A single nosed-propeller aircraft is in mid-flight above land.  The red nose faces right and the underside of the aircraft is slightly in view.  The aircraft has black propellers, gray base paint, and black letters reading: "A42".  The "4" and "2" are separated by a United States roundel in black with a central white star.  The roundel is also visible on the tops of the wings.  The full length of the right side of the aircraft is visible.
 | caption1 =
 | image2 = P-51C-06.jpg
 | width2 = 180
 | alt2 = A single nosed-propeller aircraft is on the ground on its wheels with the propeller in motion.  The aircraft is viewed from the front, but the red nose faces slightly to the right.  The aircraft has black propellers.  Parts of the wings and propellers are cropped from view.
 | caption2 =
 | image3 = P-51C-17.jpg
 | width3 = 180
 | alt3 = A close-up view of the front half of a single nosed-propeller aircraft is in mid-flight above land.  The red nose faces left and the cockpit is in view from the top.  The aircraft has dark propellers that are barely perceptible because of their high speed, gray base paint, and black letters reading: "A4".  The word: "TUSKEGEE" is visible on the nose of the aircraft and other lettering and insignia can also be seen at higher resolutions.  The "4" is followed by a United States roundel in black with a central white star.
 | caption3 =
 }}
-At the conclusion of World War II in 1945, the United States Army sold off military surplus and for $1 ($13.6 today) Montana State University in Bozeman, Montana bought a P-51C aircraft, which it parked on its campus in front of the engineering building. According to the Red Tail Reborn Internet Movie Database page, in a prank, drunken students taxied the aircraft around the campus in the late 1940s. Thereafter, the aircraft was secured to the ground with steel and concrete. Otherwise, the P-51C was essentially left alone in Montana, except for an occasional coat of silver paint. In 1965, when the University wanted to add a parking lot, restorer Lloyd Creek bought it from the University for $1, provided that he could remove it from the campus in 24 hours of notification in winning the bid. To move the P-51C promptly to Billings, Montana necessitated the removal of the wings, which were sawed off with a circular saw. When the aircraft arrived in Billings, the wings were reattached to the fuselage.
+At the conclusion of World War II in 1945, the United States Army sold off military surplus and for $1 (${{formatnum:{{Inflation|US|1|1945|r=1}}}} today) [[Montana State University - Bozeman|Montana State University]] in [[Bozeman, Montana|Bozeman]], Montana bought a P-51C aircraft, which it parked on its campus in front of the engineering building.<ref name=RTR/> The P-51C was essentially left alone in Montana, except for an occasional coat of silver paint. In 1965, when the University wanted to add a parking lot, restorer Lloyd Creek bought it from the University for $1, provided that he could remove it from the campus in 24 hours of notification in winning the bid.  To move the P-51C promptly to [[Billings, Montana|Billings]], Montana necessitated the removal of the wings, which were sawed off with a [[circular saw]]. When the aircraft arrived in Billings, the wings were reattached to the [[fuselage]].<ref name=RTR/>
-In 1970, frustrated with restoration efforts, Creek donated the P-51C to the CAF, which disassembled the aircraft and shipped it to the organization's home base in Texas. While awaiting restoration, the aircraft endured a hurricane described erroneously in the documentary as Hurricane Beulah, although that storm was an earlier, 1967 storm. Regardless, a hurricane exposed numerous parts of the aircraft to seawater damage. Several CAF volunteers attempted to rehab the aircraft in Minneapolis, Minnesota, Texas, Council Bluffs, Iowa, and finally in the late 1980s at the home of the Southern Minnesota wing of the CAF, which had just completed the restoration of the North American B-25 Mitchell bomber, Miss Mitchell.
+In 1970, frustrated with restoration efforts, Creek donated the P-51C to the CAF, which disassembled the aircraft and shipped it to the organization's home base in Texas.  While awaiting restoration, the aircraft endured a hurricane which exposed numerous parts of the aircraft to [[seawater]] damage. Several CAF volunteers attempted to rehab the aircraft in [[Minneapolis, Minnesota|Minneapolis]], Minnesota, Texas, [[Council Bluffs, Iowa|Council Bluffs]], Iowa, and finally in the late 1980s at the home of the Southern Minnesota wing of the CAF, which had just completed the restoration of the [[North American B-25 Mitchell]] bomber, ''Miss Mitchell''. After noting the P-51C was in need of restoration, Don Hinz channeled his energy and talents into the emerging Red Tail project.<ref name=RTR>''[[Red Tail Reborn]]'', 2007, Hemlock Films.</ref>  The aircraft is now one of only four existing P-51C Mustangs in existence.<ref name=HSA/>  As one of the four flying Mustangs, it is worth $2.5 million.<ref name=RTRtaoPF1>{{cite news |url=http://docs.newsbank.com/openurl?ctx_ver=z39.88-2004&rft_id=info:sid/iw.newsbank.com:NewsBank:DNWB&rft_val_format=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&rft_dat=12C60A2E440AF920&svc_dat=InfoWeb:aggregated5&req_dat=0D0CB579A3BDA420 |title='Red Tail Reborn' to air on PBS Feb. 14 |access-date=January 25, 2010 |date=February 12, 2008 |work=The Daily News (North Dakota) |author=Hevern, Erin C |archive-date=October 31, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221031125820/http://docs.newsbank.com/openurl?ctx_ver=z39.88-2004&rft_id=info:sid/iw.newsbank.com:NewsBank:DNWB&rft_val_format=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&rft_dat=12C60A2E440AF920&svc_dat=InfoWeb:aggregated5&req_dat=0D0CB579A3BDA420 |url-status=live }}</ref>
-After noting the P-51C was in need of restoration, Don Hinz, a retired Naval aviator, channeled his energy and talents into the restoration and helped found the Red Tail Project, now known as the CAF Red Tail Squadron, along with members of the CAF Minnesota Wing. Originally, the restoration was attempted at Fleming Field in South St. Paul, Minnesota. After soliciting the assistance of outside contractors from North Dakota, the aircraft was airborne in May 2001 more than 45 years after it had been in service. The P-51C, which was named "Tuskegee Airmen", was included in numerous air shows to tell the history of the pilot group. From May 2001 to May 2004, the aircraft flew before more than an estimated three million people. Hinz envisioned an educational program based on the restored aircraft and set a goal to get the lessons of the Tuskegee Airmen into every classroom in America.
+==History==
-Unfortunately, at a great loss to the organization and entire aviation community, Hinz lost his life in an accident caused by an engine malfunction of the Tuskegee Airmen at an airshow in 2004. At an airshow in Red Wing, Minnesota, the camshaft drive of the Rolls Royce Merlin engine failed. Although Hinz successfully landed the aircraft between two houses in a residential suburb, both wings were ripped off and the body was badly damaged. A tree damaged in the crash fell on Hinz, causing head trauma from which he did not recover.
+The Commemorative Air Force, which has approximately 9,000 members and a fleet of 156 aircraft, is an educational association with the purpose to pay tribute to American military aviation through flight, exhibition and remembrance. It has been collecting, restoring and flying vintage historical aircraft for more than half a century.<ref name=P2R>{{cite news |url=http://docs.newsbank.com/openurl?ctx_ver=z39.88-2004&rft_id=info:sid/iw.newsbank.com:NewsBank:OAMB&rft_val_format=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&rft_dat=129C26178B3A15A0&svc_dat=InfoWeb:aggregated5&req_dat=0D0CB579A3BDA420 |title=Page 2 Read: CAF P-51C Tuskegee Airmen is airborne again |access-date=December 26, 2009 |date=July 29, 2009 |work=[[The Odessa American]] |page=A2}}</ref> In the 1990s, the CAF's Minnesota Wing began restoring a P-51 that many branches of the CAF organization had attempted to restore but found the task beyond their capabilities. The P-51C once served Capt. Andrew "Jug" Turner.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://docs.newsbank.com/openurl?ctx_ver=z39.88-2004&rft_id=info:sid/iw.newsbank.com:NewsBank:KCSB&rft_val_format=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&rft_dat=0EAF4602E811AEFA&svc_dat=InfoWeb:aggregated5&req_dat=0D0CB579A3BDA420 |title=Bride and groom pilot a new course |access-date=December 12, 2009 |date=August 23, 1998 |author=Hockaday, Laura R |work=[[The Kansas City Star]] |page=H9}}</ref>  Pilot Don Hinz, a retired [[United States Navy]] [[commander]] based at [[South St. Paul Municipal Airport|Fleming Field]] in [[South St. Paul, Minnesota|South St. Paul]], Minnesota, heard of the project and enlisted some experts as well as named the effort "The Red Tail Project".
+Originally, the restoration was attempted at Fleming Field.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://docs.newsbank.com/openurl?ctx_ver=z39.88-2004&rft_id=info:sid/iw.newsbank.com:NewsBank:PIPB&rft_val_format=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&rft_dat=0EB5E3FD3A6AF5CB&svc_dat=InfoWeb:aggregated5&req_dat=0D0CB579A3BDA420 |title=Flying Together//During World War II, Black Pilots Called The Tuskegee Airmen Saved Many Lives. Now, The Airmen Are Being Recognized At A Local Aviation Expo For Their Service |access-date=December 12, 2009 |date=August 8, 1999 |author=Ngo, Nancy |work=[[St. Paul Pioneer Press]] |page=1B}}</ref>  After soliciting the assistance of outside contractors from [[North Dakota]], the aircraft was airborne in May 2001.  The P-51C, which was named "Tuskegee Airmen",<ref>{{cite news |url=http://docs.newsbank.com/openurl?ctx_ver=z39.88-2004&rft_id=info:sid/iw.newsbank.com:NewsBank:GFHB&rft_val_format=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&rft_dat=129E7FAD57B415B0&svc_dat=InfoWeb:aggregated5&req_dat=0D0CB579A3BDA420 |title=Region News: WWII plane returns: A re stored World War II airplane is returning to its hangar in South St. Paul today after a five-year absence. |access-date=December 26, 2009 |date=August 5, 2009 |work=[[Grand Forks Herald]] |page=A8}}</ref> was included in numerous [[air show]]s to tell the history of the pilot group.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://docs.newsbank.com/openurl?ctx_ver=z39.88-2004&rft_id=info:sid/iw.newsbank.com:NewsBank:WPIW&rft_val_format=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&rft_dat=0FB183F54C86CEB7&svc_dat=InfoWeb:aggregated5&req_dat=0D0CB579A3BDA420 |title=Tuskegee Airmen Now Look to Future – Organization of Pioneer Black Pilots Hopes to Inspire a New Generation |access-date=December 12, 2009 |date=May 17, 2003 |author=Harris, Hamil R |newspaper=[[Washington Post]] |page=B3}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://docs.newsbank.com/openurl?ctx_ver=z39.88-2004&rft_id=info:sid/iw.newsbank.com:NewsBank:GVNS&rft_val_format=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&rft_dat=12B3CFF4655812E8&svc_dat=InfoWeb:aggregated5&req_dat=0D0CB579A3BDA420 |title=Prescott prepares for air fair to celebrate centennial of flight |access-date=December 12, 2009 |date=August 15, 2003 |work=Green Valley News & Sun}}</ref>  From May 2001 to May 2004, the aircraft flew before more than an estimated three million people.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://docs.newsbank.com/openurl?ctx_ver=z39.88-2004&rft_id=info:sid/iw.newsbank.com:NewsBank:PVPB&rft_val_format=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&rft_dat=122C82194515A2C0&svc_dat=InfoWeb:aggregated5&req_dat=0D0CB579A3BDA420 |title=Red Tail Project takes flight again |access-date=January 1, 2010 |date=August 22, 2008 |author=Doss, Robert |work=Palos Verdes Peninsula News |archive-date=October 31, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221031125821/http://docs.newsbank.com/openurl?ctx_ver=z39.88-2004&rft_id=info:sid/iw.newsbank.com:NewsBank:PVPB&rft_val_format=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&rft_dat=122C82194515A2C0&svc_dat=InfoWeb:aggregated5&req_dat=0D0CB579A3BDA420 |url-status=live }}</ref> By 2004, Hinz envisioned an educational program based on the restored aircraft. In a May 2004 show in [[Red Wing, Minnesota|Red Wing]], Minnesota the [[camshaft]] drive of the [[Rolls-Royce Merlin]] engine failed. Although Hinz successfully landed the aircraft between two houses in a residential suburb, both wings were ripped off and the body was badly damaged.<ref name="Brooks p. 43"/> A tree damaged in the crash fell on Hinz, causing head trauma from which he did not recover.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://docs.newsbank.com/openurl?ctx_ver=z39.88-2004&rft_id=info:sid/iw.newsbank.com:NewsBank:PIPB&rft_val_format=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&rft_dat=103008278B67E297&svc_dat=InfoWeb:aggregated5&req_dat=0D0CB579A3BDA420 |title=Woodbury Pilot Crashes – 60-Year-Old's Injuries Critical After Rare WWII Plane Faces Trouble |access-date=December 12, 2009 |date=May 30, 2004 |author=Bjorhus, Jennifer |work=[[St. Paul Pioneer Press]] |page=B3}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://docs.newsbank.com/openurl?ctx_ver=z39.88-2004&rft_id=info:sid/iw.newsbank.com:NewsBank:STMB&rft_val_format=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&rft_dat=102F8DEDC102ED59&svc_dat=InfoWeb:aggregated5&req_dat=0D0CB579A3BDA420 |title=Pilot in air show crash dies – He avoided striking any homes |access-date=December 12, 2009 |date=May 31, 2004 |author=McKinney, Matt |work=[[Star Tribune]] |page=1B}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://docs.newsbank.com/openurl?ctx_ver=z39.88-2004&rft_id=info:sid/iw.newsbank.com:NewsBank:PIPB&rft_val_format=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&rft_dat=10305C9FBAD603B2&svc_dat=InfoWeb:aggregated5&req_dat=0D0CB579A3BDA420 |title=Air Show Pilot Dies Of Crash Injuries – Donald Hinz Had Restored Mustang Fighter He Was Flying |access-date=December 12, 2009 |date=May 31, 2004 |author=Pattison, Kermit |work=[[St. Paul Pioneer Press]] |page=B1}}</ref>
-The aircraft was fully restored a second time and returned to the skies in 2009, a testament to the group’s perseverance and belief in its mission. The five-year restoration occurred at Tri-State Aviation in Wahpeton, North Dakota. In 2007, Gerry Beck, one of the primary restorers, was in a fatal collision of his P-51A and a P-51D during AirVenture 2007. Beck was the owner of Tri-State Aviation, but about a half dozen other CAF volunteer aviation mechanics contributed to the effort to pick up where he left off. The rebuilding continued with the mounting of the engine in 2008 and the mating of the wing in 2009. On July 22, 2009, four days before AirVenture 2009 in Oshkosh, Wisconsin, the P-51C had its first flight. Then, it was flown to Wisconsin for its public debut. After the show it returned to Minnesota with a 6 AT-6 escort. The aircraft has also served a tribute via military flyovers for fallen Tuskegee Airmen.
+The Tuskegee Airmen decided to restore the aircraft. The five-year restoration occurred at Tri-State Aviation in [[Wahpeton, North Dakota|Wahpeton]], North Dakota.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://docs.newsbank.com/openurl?ctx_ver=z39.88-2004&rft_id=info:sid/iw.newsbank.com:NewsBank:STMB&rft_val_format=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&rft_dat=129ED26FE11E2258&svc_dat=InfoWeb:aggregated5&req_dat=0D0CB579A3BDA420 |title=Plane used to tell the story of Tuskegee Airmen is back |access-date=December 26, 2009 |date=August 5, 2009 |author=Walsh, Paul |work=[[Star Tribune]] |page=3B |archive-date=November 15, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231115212232/https://infoweb.newsbank.com/apps/news/user/login?destination=document-view%3Fp%3DAWNB%26docref%3Dnews/129ED26FE11E2258%26f%3Dbasic |url-status=live }}</ref>  In 2007, Gerry Beck, one of the primary restorers, was in a fatal collision of his P-51A and a P-51D during [[AirVenture]] 2007.<ref name=HSA>{{cite news |url=http://docs.newsbank.com/openurl?ctx_ver=z39.88-2004&rft_id=info:sid/iw.newsbank.com:NewsBank:PIPB&rft_val_format=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&rft_dat=129EF60E75063FD0&svc_dat=InfoWeb:aggregated5&req_dat=0D0CB579A3BDA420 |title=History Soars Again – A Rebuilt WWII Airplane Carries The Memory OF Pilot Donald Hinz And The Story Of The Tuskegee Airmen |access-date=January 25, 2010 |date=August 6, 2009 |author=Ferraro, Nick |work=[[St. Paul Pioneer Press]] |page=B1 |archive-date=November 15, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231115212248/https://infoweb.newsbank.com/apps/news/user/login?destination=document-view%3Fp%3DAWNB%26docref%3Dnews/129EF60E75063FD0%26f%3Dbasic |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://docs.newsbank.com/openurl?ctx_ver=z39.88-2004&rft_id=info:sid/iw.newsbank.com:NewsBank:DNWB&rft_val_format=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&rft_dat=12C60A2F7012F608&svc_dat=InfoWeb:aggregated5&req_dat=0D0CB579A3BDA420 |title=Beck honored by N.D. Aviation Hall of Fame |access-date=January 25, 2010 |date=January 2, 2008 |author=Hevern, Erin C |work=The Daily News (North Dakota) |page=B1 |archive-date=November 15, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231115212340/https://infoweb.newsbank.com/apps/news/user/login?destination=document-view%3Fp%3DAWNB%26docref%3Dnews/12C60A2F7012F608%26f%3Dbasic |url-status=live }}</ref> Beck was the owner of Tri-State Aviation, but about a half dozen other CAF volunteer aviation mechanics contributed to the effort to pick up where he left off.<ref name=HSA/><ref name=RTRtaoPF1/>  The rebuilding continued with the mounting of the engine in 2008 and the mating of the wing in 2009.  On July 22, 2009,<ref name=P2R/> four days before AirVenture 2009 in [[Oshkosh, Wisconsin|Oshkosh]], Wisconsin, the P-51C had its first flight. Then, it was flown to Wisconsin for its public debut.  After the show it returned to Minnesota with a 6 [[T-6 Texan|AT-6]] escort.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://docs.newsbank.com/openurl?ctx_ver=z39.88-2004&rft_id=info:sid/iw.newsbank.com:NewsBank:PIPB&rft_val_format=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&rft_dat=129EF60E75063FD0&svc_dat=InfoWeb:aggregated5&req_dat=0D0CB579A3BDA420 |title=History Soars Again – A Rebuilt WWII Airplane Carries The Memory Of Pilot Donald Hinz And The Story Of The Tuskegee Airmen |access-date=December 26, 2009 |date=August 6, 2009 |author=Ferraro, Nick |work=[[St. Paul Pioneer Press]] |page=B1 |archive-date=November 15, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231115212248/https://infoweb.newsbank.com/apps/news/user/login?destination=document-view%3Fp%3DAWNB%26docref%3Dnews/129EF60E75063FD0%26f%3Dbasic |url-status=live }}</ref>  The aircraft has also served a tribute via military flyovers for fallen Tuskegee Airmen.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://docs.newsbank.com/openurl?ctx_ver=z39.88-2004&rft_id=info:sid/iw.newsbank.com:NewsBank:NPN9&rft_val_format=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&rft_dat=12AB162476EC5168&svc_dat=InfoWeb:aggregated5&req_dat=0D0CB579A3BDA420 |title=Tuskegee Airman Vernon Hopson services scheduled |access-date=December 26, 2009 |date=September 11, 2009 |work=[[Nashville Pride]] |page=1B, 7B |archive-date=November 15, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231115212234/https://infoweb.newsbank.com/apps/news/user/login?destination=document-view%3Fp%3DAWNB%26docref%3Dnews/12AB162476EC5168%26f%3Dbasic |url-status=live }}</ref>
-The P-51C Mustang Tuskegee Airmen is one of only four existing P-51C Mustangs in flying condition. It is flown in numerous airshows around the country and is available for up-close viewing on static display at events throughout the year to educate people about the Tuskegee Airmen and inspire them through their remarkable story.
+In 2011, the volunteer-driven organization changed its name from the "Red Tail Project" to the "CAF Red Tail Squadron" and also completed construction of the ''RISE ABOVE Traveling Exhibit'' as an additional tool to help tell the story of these pilots and their support personnel (who are also known as Tuskegee Airmen). The Mustang and the ''RISE ABOVE Traveling Exhibit'' appear together at air shows, and the Traveling Exhibit also goes to schools and other youth-oriented venues.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://commemorativeairforce.org/editor/userFiles/Press%20Releases/6_16_2011_RedTailProjectbecomesRedTailSquad.pdf |author=Hicks, Autumn |title=CAF Red Tail Project Becomes the CAF Red Tail Squadron As: It Soars to New Educational Heights |access-date=October 12, 2011 |date=June 15, 2011 |publisher=Commemorative Air Force |archive-date=April 25, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120425061912/http://commemorativeairforce.org/editor/userFiles/Press%20Releases/6_16_2011_RedTailProjectbecomesRedTailSquad.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref>
-==''RISE ABOVE Traveling Exhibit''==
-In 2011, the volunteer-driven organization completed construction of the ''RISE ABOVE Traveling Exhibit'' as an additional tool to help tell the story of the Tuskegee Airmen. The ''RISE ABOVE Traveling Exhibit'' is a mobile movie theater featuring the original film “Rise Above.” It creates an immersive experience, housed in a climate controlled 53’ semi trailer with expandable sides and equipped with a ramp and hydraulic lift to ensure access to all, comfortably accommodating 30 visitors for each showing. Admission to the ''Traveling Exhibit'' is always free.
-Because of its dynamic 160-degree panoramic screen, the film creates the feeling of being in the cockpit soaring above the clouds in a P-51C Mustang. “Rise Above” was created by Emmy Award-wining filmmaker and aviation cinema specialist Adam White of Hemlock Films, who also created the film “Red Tail Reborn,” documenting the two restorations of the CAF Red Tail Squadron’s P-51C Mustang ''Tuskegee Airmen''.
-The Mustang and the ''RISE ABOVE Traveling Exhibit'' appear together at airshows, and the Traveling Exhibit also makes special visits to schools and other youth-oriented venues. in 2016, the celebrated its fifth year in service, and at that time had completed visits to 36 states in the continental United States.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://generalaviationnews.com/2016/12/12/tuskegee-airman-traveling-exhibit-hits-milestone/|title=Tuskegee Airman traveling exhibit hits milestone|date=2016-12-12|work=General Aviation News|access-date=2018-01-17|language=en-US}}</ref>
 ==Documentary==
 [[File:P-51 Mustang edit1.jpg|thumb|P-51 in a heritage flight over [[Langley Air Force Base]]]]
-After the 2004 crash, the restoration became the impetus for a nationwide fund raising effort and attracted the attention of Adam White, an independent film maker who was, at the time, filming a documentary on vintage aircraft restoration called ''[[The Restorers]]''. He was attracted to both the aircraft and the cause, and his 2007 historical documentary, ''[[Red Tail Reborn]]'' won [[Emmy Award]] recognition in his home state of Ohio, where it was first broadcast in February 2007, and, subsequently released on DVD in March of that year.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://docs.newsbank.com/openurl?ctx_ver=z39.88-2004&rft_id=info:sid/iw.newsbank.com:NewsBank:CPDB&rft_val_format=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&rft_dat=1173AA0F73270C08&svc_dat=InfoWeb:aggregated5&req_dat=0D0CB579A3BDA420|title=Contract issues led Monday away from Channel 3|accessdate=December 26, 2009|date=February 10, 2007|work=[[The Plain Dealer]], ''February 10, 2007''|author=Washington, Julie E|page=E1}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://docs.newsbank.com/openurl?ctx_ver=z39.88-2004&rft_id=info:sid/iw.newsbank.com:NewsBank:DDNB&rft_val_format=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&rft_dat=118015EBB772DAD0&svc_dat=InfoWeb:aggregated5&req_dat=0D0CB579A3BDA420|title=WSU Graduate's Tuskegee Airmen Documentary To Get Dayton Launch|accessdate=December 26, 2009|date=March 16, 2007|work=[[Dayton Daily News]], ''March 16, 2007''|author=Larsen, Dave|page=GO29}}</ref>  Narrated by [[Michael Dorn]] of [[Star Trek]] fame, himself a pilot and [[warbird]] owner, the film documents the difficulties of the restoration of the P-51C and the travails of the Tuskegee Airmen. The following year [[Public Broadcasting Service|PBS]] picked up the film in its [[Black History Month]] programming.<ref name="RTRtaoPF1">{{cite news|url=http://docs.newsbank.com/openurl?ctx_ver=z39.88-2004&rft_id=info:sid/iw.newsbank.com:NewsBank:DNWB&rft_val_format=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&rft_dat=12C60A2E440AF920&svc_dat=InfoWeb:aggregated5&req_dat=0D0CB579A3BDA420|title=‘Red Tail Reborn’ to air on PBS Feb. 14|author=Hevern, Erin C|date=February 12, 2008|work=The Daily News (North Dakota), ''February 12, 2008''|accessdate=January 25, 2010}}</ref> White also completed a sequel, ''[[Flight of the Red Tail]]'', a 12-minute film released in 2009.<ref>{{cite news|title=Local headlines|author=Nolan, John |work=[[Dayton Daily News]], October 29, 2009|date=October 29, 2009|page=A11.|url=http://docs.newsbank.com/openurl?ctx_ver=z39.88-2004&rft_id=info:sid/iw.newsbank.com:NewsBank:DDNB&rft_val_format=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&rft_dat=12BA925ACF0ABD10&svc_dat=InfoWeb:aggregated5&req_dat=0D0CB579A3BDA420|accessdate=January 1, 2010}}</ref>
+After the 2004 crash, the restoration became the impetus for a nationwide fund raising effort and attracted the attention of Adam White, an independent film maker who was, at the time, filming a documentary on vintage aircraft restoration called ''[[The Restorers]]''. He was attracted to both the aircraft and the cause, and his 2007 historical documentary, ''[[Red Tail Reborn]]'' won [[Emmy Award]] recognition in his home state of Ohio, where it was first broadcast in February 2007, and, subsequently released on DVD in March of that year.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://docs.newsbank.com/openurl?ctx_ver=z39.88-2004&rft_id=info:sid/iw.newsbank.com:NewsBank:CPDB&rft_val_format=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&rft_dat=1173AA0F73270C08&svc_dat=InfoWeb:aggregated5&req_dat=0D0CB579A3BDA420 |title=Contract issues led Monday away from Channel 3 |access-date=December 26, 2009 |date=February 10, 2007 |work=[[The Plain Dealer]] |author=Washington, Julie E |page=E1 |archive-date=October 31, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221031125829/http://docs.newsbank.com/openurl?ctx_ver=z39.88-2004&rft_id=info:sid/iw.newsbank.com:NewsBank:CPDB&rft_val_format=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&rft_dat=1173AA0F73270C08&svc_dat=InfoWeb:aggregated5&req_dat=0D0CB579A3BDA420 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://docs.newsbank.com/openurl?ctx_ver=z39.88-2004&rft_id=info:sid/iw.newsbank.com:NewsBank:DDNB&rft_val_format=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&rft_dat=118015EBB772DAD0&svc_dat=InfoWeb:aggregated5&req_dat=0D0CB579A3BDA420 |title=WSU Graduate's Tuskegee Airmen Documentary To Get Dayton Launch |access-date=December 26, 2009 |date=March 16, 2007 |work=[[Dayton Daily News]] |author=Larsen, Dave |page=GO29 |archive-date=October 31, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221031125823/http://docs.newsbank.com/openurl?ctx_ver=z39.88-2004&rft_id=info:sid/iw.newsbank.com:NewsBank:DDNB&rft_val_format=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&rft_dat=118015EBB772DAD0&svc_dat=InfoWeb:aggregated5&req_dat=0D0CB579A3BDA420 |url-status=live }}</ref>  Narrated by [[Michael Dorn]] of [[Star Trek]] fame, himself a pilot and [[warbird]] owner, the film documents the difficulties of the restoration of the P-51C and the travails of the Tuskegee Airmen. The following year [[Public Broadcasting Service|PBS]] picked up the film in its [[Black History Month]] programming.<ref name=RTRtaoPF1/> White also completed a sequel, ''[[Flight of the Red Tail]]'', a 12-minute film released in 2009.<ref>{{cite news |title=Local headlines |author=Nolan, John |work=[[Dayton Daily News]] |date=October 29, 2009 |page=A11 |url=http://docs.newsbank.com/openurl?ctx_ver=z39.88-2004&rft_id=info:sid/iw.newsbank.com:NewsBank:DDNB&rft_val_format=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&rft_dat=12BA925ACF0ABD10&svc_dat=InfoWeb:aggregated5&req_dat=0D0CB579A3BDA420 |access-date=January 1, 2010 |archive-date=November 15, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231115212404/https://infoweb.newsbank.com/apps/news/user/login?destination=document-view%3Fp%3DAWNB%26docref%3Dnews/12BA925ACF0ABD10%26f%3Dbasic |url-status=live }}</ref>
-The restoration, completed in 2009, cost $1 million.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://docs.newsbank.com/openurl?ctx_ver=z39.88-2004&rft_id=info:sid/iw.newsbank.com:NewsBank:STMB&rft_val_format=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&rft_dat=129ED26FE11E2258&svc_dat=InfoWeb:aggregated5&req_dat=0D0CB579A3BDA420|title=Plane used to tell the story of Tuskegee Airmen is back|accessdate=December 26, 2009|date=August 5, 2009|work=[[Star Tribune]], ''August 5, 2009''|author=Walsh, Paul|page=3B}}</ref> In 2005, the Red Tail Project, which is [[not for profit]],<ref>{{cite news|url=http://docs.newsbank.com/openurl?ctx_ver=z39.88-2004&rft_id=info:sid/iw.newsbank.com:NewsBank:PDNB&rft_val_format=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&rft_dat=1244C50A2AB0D540&svc_dat=InfoWeb:aggregated5&req_dat=0D0CB579A3BDA420|title=The legendary Red Tails flew us into a new world|accessdate=December 26, 2009|date=May 29, 2008|author=Bykofsky, Stu|work=[[Philadelphia Daily News]], ''May 29, 2008''|page=06}}</ref> sought to raise about $2 million to fund the initial restoration.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://docs.newsbank.com/openurl?ctx_ver=z39.88-2004&rft_id=info:sid/iw.newsbank.com:NewsBank:PIPB&rft_val_format=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&rft_dat=10A6AF47CD58F17E&svc_dat=InfoWeb:aggregated5&req_dat=0D0CB579A3BDA420|title=Pilot's Dream Adopted - Don Hinz Died Before He Could Restore Tuskegee Era Mustang|accessdate=December 26, 2009|date=May 26, 2005|author=Bonner, Brian|work=[[St. Paul Pioneer Press]], ''May 26, 2005''|page=B1}}</ref>  The organization held several types of events to raise funds.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://docs.newsbank.com/openurl?ctx_ver=z39.88-2004&rft_id=info:sid/iw.newsbank.com:NewsBank:DNTB&rft_val_format=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&rft_dat=1121B9B12F59A78B&svc_dat=InfoWeb:aggregated5&req_dat=0D0CB579A3BDA420|title=Cirrus owners help historic effort|accessdate=December 26, 2009|date=June 7, 2006|author=|work=[[Duluth News-Tribune]], ''June 7, 2006''|page=}}</ref>  Since then, community-based organizations adopted the project.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://docs.newsbank.com/openurl?ctx_ver=z39.88-2004&rft_id=info:sid/iw.newsbank.com:NewsBank:MIHB&rft_val_format=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&rft_dat=117BB9253132C5B8&svc_dat=InfoWeb:aggregated5&req_dat=0D0CB579A3BDA420|title=3 accused in killing face another police lineup|accessdate=December 26, 2009|date=January 13, 2007|author=|work=[[The Miami Herald]], ''January 13, 2007''|page=2B}}</ref>
+The restoration, completed in 2009, cost $1 million.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://docs.newsbank.com/openurl?ctx_ver=z39.88-2004&rft_id=info:sid/iw.newsbank.com:NewsBank:STMB&rft_val_format=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&rft_dat=129ED26FE11E2258&svc_dat=InfoWeb:aggregated5&req_dat=0D0CB579A3BDA420 |title=Plane used to tell the story of Tuskegee Airmen is back |access-date=December 26, 2009 |date=August 5, 2009 |work=[[Star Tribune]] |author=Walsh, Paul |page=3B |archive-date=November 15, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231115212232/https://infoweb.newsbank.com/apps/news/user/login?destination=document-view%3Fp%3DAWNB%26docref%3Dnews/129ED26FE11E2258%26f%3Dbasic |url-status=live }}</ref> In 2005, the Red Tail Project, which is [[not for profit]],<ref>{{cite news |url=http://docs.newsbank.com/openurl?ctx_ver=z39.88-2004&rft_id=info:sid/iw.newsbank.com:NewsBank:PDNB&rft_val_format=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&rft_dat=1244C50A2AB0D540&svc_dat=InfoWeb:aggregated5&req_dat=0D0CB579A3BDA420 |title=The legendary Red Tails flew us into a new world |access-date=December 26, 2009 |date=May 29, 2008 |author=Bykofsky, Stu |work=[[Philadelphia Daily News]] |page=06 |archive-date=November 15, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231115212850/https://infoweb.newsbank.com/apps/news/user/login?destination=document-view%3Fp%3DAWNB%26docref%3Dnews/1244C50A2AB0D540%26f%3Dbasic |url-status=live }}</ref> sought to raise about $2 million to fund the initial restoration.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://docs.newsbank.com/openurl?ctx_ver=z39.88-2004&rft_id=info:sid/iw.newsbank.com:NewsBank:PIPB&rft_val_format=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&rft_dat=10A6AF47CD58F17E&svc_dat=InfoWeb:aggregated5&req_dat=0D0CB579A3BDA420 |title=Pilot's Dream Adopted – Don Hinz Died Before He Could Restore Tuskegee Era Mustang |access-date=December 26, 2009 |date=May 26, 2005 |author=Bonner, Brian |work=[[St. Paul Pioneer Press]] |page=B1 |archive-date=November 15, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231115212826/https://infoweb.newsbank.com/apps/news/user/login?destination=document-view%3Fp%3DAWNB%26docref%3Dnews/10A6AF47CD58F17E%26f%3Dbasic |url-status=live }}</ref>  The organization held several types of events to raise funds.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://docs.newsbank.com/openurl?ctx_ver=z39.88-2004&rft_id=info:sid/iw.newsbank.com:NewsBank:DNTB&rft_val_format=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&rft_dat=1121B9B12F59A78B&svc_dat=InfoWeb:aggregated5&req_dat=0D0CB579A3BDA420 |title=Cirrus owners help historic effort |access-date=December 26, 2009 |date=June 7, 2006 |work=[[Duluth News-Tribune]] |archive-date=November 15, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231115212741/https://infoweb.newsbank.com/apps/news/user/login?destination=document-view%3Fp%3DAWNB%26docref%3Dnews/1121B9B12F59A78B%26f%3Dbasic |url-status=live }}</ref>  Since then, community-based organizations adopted the project.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://docs.newsbank.com/openurl?ctx_ver=z39.88-2004&rft_id=info:sid/iw.newsbank.com:NewsBank:MIHB&rft_val_format=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&rft_dat=117BB9253132C5B8&svc_dat=InfoWeb:aggregated5&req_dat=0D0CB579A3BDA420 |title=3 accused in killing face another police lineup |access-date=December 26, 2009 |date=January 13, 2007 |work=[[The Miami Herald]] |page=2B |archive-date=November 15, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231115212821/https://infoweb.newsbank.com/apps/news/user/login?destination=document-view%3Fp%3DAWNB%26docref%3Dnews/117BB9253132C5B8%26f%3Dbasic |url-status=live }}</ref> For example, in [[Wahpeton, North Dakota|Wahpeton]], North Dakota, where the aircraft was restored, each August, the "Red Tail Run" is held.  This motorcycle and vehicle run, which starts at the [[Harry Stern Airport]], raises money for the project.<ref>{{cite news |last=Hevern |first=Erin C. |url=http://docs.newsbank.com/openurl?ctx_ver=z39.88-2004&rft_id=info:sid/iw.newsbank.com:NewsBank:DNWB&rft_val_format=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&rft_dat=12C60A28DF954FD8&svc_dat=InfoWeb:aggregated5&req_dat=0D0CB579A3BDA420 |title=Join the Red Tail Run, support cause |work=The Daily News (North Dakota) |date=August 26, 2009 |access-date=December 26, 2009 |archive-date=November 15, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231115212900/https://infoweb.newsbank.com/apps/news/user/login?destination=document-view%3Fp%3DAWNB%26docref%3Dnews/12C60A28DF954FD8%26f%3Dbasic |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Johnson |first=Jennifer |url=http://docs.newsbank.com/openurl?ctx_ver=z39.88-2004&rft_id=info:sid/iw.newsbank.com:NewsBank:DNWB&rft_val_format=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&rft_dat=12C2B9FE4286ED48&svc_dat=InfoWeb:aggregated5&req_dat=0D0CB579A3BDA420 |title=Run benefits memory of Airmen, Beck |work=The Daily News (North Dakota) |date=August 25, 2009 |access-date=February 23, 2012 |archive-date=November 15, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231115212834/https://infoweb.newsbank.com/apps/news/user/login?destination=document-view%3Fp%3DAWNB%26docref%3Dnews/12C2B9FE4286ED48%26f%3Dbasic |url-status=live }}</ref> In 2008, the organization hired Fund Raising Strategies, a fund raising specialist firm, to develop a [[direct mail]] fund raising program.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://docs.newsbank.com/openurl?ctx_ver=z39.88-2004&rft_id=info:sid/iw.newsbank.com:NewsBank:NUSB&rft_val_format=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&rft_dat=11F85FBB4609DE30&svc_dat=InfoWeb:aggregated5&req_dat=0D0CB579A3BDA420 |title=Tuskegee Airmen Group Selects FRS. |publisher=[[PR Newswire]] |date=March 19, 2008 |access-date=December 26, 2009 |archive-date=November 15, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231115212834/https://infoweb.newsbank.com/apps/news/user/login?destination=document-view%3Fp%3DAWNB%26docref%3Dnews/11F85FBB4609DE30%26f%3Dbasic |url-status=live }}</ref>
 ==Educational resources==
+The CAF Red Tail Squadron endeavors to preserve the legacy of the airmen through aviation education.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://docs.newsbank.com/openurl?ctx_ver=z39.88-2004&rft_id=info:sid/iw.newsbank.com:NewsBank:PVPB&rft_val_format=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&rft_dat=122C82194515A2C0&svc_dat=InfoWeb:aggregated5&req_dat=0D0CB579A3BDA420 |title=Red Tail Project takes flight again |access-date=December 26, 2009 |date=August 24, 2008 |author=Doss, Robert |work=Palos Verdes Peninsula News |archive-date=October 31, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221031125821/http://docs.newsbank.com/openurl?ctx_ver=z39.88-2004&rft_id=info:sid/iw.newsbank.com:NewsBank:PVPB&rft_val_format=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&rft_dat=122C82194515A2C0&svc_dat=InfoWeb:aggregated5&req_dat=0D0CB579A3BDA420 |url-status=live }}</ref>  In addition to the P-51C Mustang ''Tuskegee Airmen'' the Squadron ''RISE ABOVE Traveling Exhibit'', utilized for tours and private showings for schools and groups around the country, the Squadron curates and provides educational resources for interested persons. These resources include a "Virtual Museum" which is an online repository of items belonging to or used by Tuskegee Airmen, including a catalogue of public memorials and artwork.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.flyingmag.com/cafs-red-tail-squadron-grows-virtual-museum |title=CAF's Red Tail Squadron Grows Virtual Museum |work=Flying Magazine |access-date=2018-01-17 |language=en |archive-date=2020-10-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201001005218/https://www.flyingmag.com/cafs-red-tail-squadron-grows-virtual-museum/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
-The CAF Red Tail Squadron was founded on the objective to carry the lessons and legacy of the Tuskegee Airmen into every classroom in America. In addition to the P-51C Mustang ''Tuskegee Airmen'' and the ''RISE ABOVE Traveling Exhibit'', utilized for tours and private showings for schools and groups around the country, the Squadron curates and provides educational resources for students, teachers, youth leaders and anyone looking to learn more and be inspired by the Tuskegee Airmen. All materials are available on their website for free.
+The "RISE ABOVE Traveling Exhibit" was introduced at EAA AirVenture 2011.  It consists of a {{convert|53|ft|m|1|adj=on}} long semi trailer and tractor. The trailer, which has colorful graphics on all four sides, has expandable sides and houses a {{convert|40|ft|m|1|adj=on}} long, curved IMAX movie screen plus comfortable seating for 30 guests; it is also climate controlled.  An original IMAX movie called ''RISE ABOVE,'' developed and filmed specifically for the Red Tail Squadron and the unique movie screen, is shown.<ref>Tillman 2012, p. 27.</ref>  The traveling exhibit goes to air shows with the Red Tail Project Mustang and spends 40 weeks per year at schools and places where young people congregate.  The idea is to take the story of the Tuskegee Airmen, and how they overcame so many obstacles by setting goals and working to meet them, directly to the students who can benefit from hearing about the Airmen's experiences. The RISE ABOVE Traveling Exhibit is sponsored by the Texas Flying Legends Museum.<ref>[http://www.flyingfreedom.us/CAF%20Rise%20Above%20Press%20Release.pdf "Commemorative Air Force & Texas Flying Legends Museum: Join Forces to 'Rise Above'".] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220820113025/http://www.flyingfreedom.us/CAF%20Rise%20Above%20Press%20Release.pdf |date=2022-08-20 }} ''Texas Flying Legends Museum'', April 27, 2011. Retrieved August 12, 2011.</ref>
-'''RISE ABOVE Resource Kit''' – A free kit of activities, presentations and information for use by teachers and youth leaders, available for download on the CAF Red Tail Squadron website.
-'''''Aim High: The Aircraft of the Tuskegee Airmen''''' – A free iBook that contains sound effects, slide shows and interactive content.
-'''Tuskegee Airmen Essay Contest''' – An annual free contest for students in grades 4th through 12th.  Submissions are accepted at any time on their website with winners selected each February. Awards are given in three grade categories.
-'''Virtual Museum''' – An online repository of items belonging to or used by Tuskegee Airmen, including a catalogue of public memorials and artwork.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.flyingmag.com/cafs-red-tail-squadron-grows-virtual-museum|title=CAF’s Red Tail Squadron Grows Virtual Museum|work=Flying Magazine|access-date=2018-01-17|language=en}}</ref>
-'''Tuskegee Airmen history online''' – The CAF Squadron website offers comprehensive, in-depth, historically accurate information about the Tuskegee Airmen curated and maintained by the CAF Red Tail Squadron staff and historical advisors.
 ==References==
 ;Notes
-{{reflist|2}}
+{{Reflist}}
 ;Bibliography
-{{refbegin}}
+{{Refbegin}}
-* Brooks, Philip. ''The Tuskegee Airmen''. Minneapolis, Minnesota: Compass Point Books, 2005. {{ISBN|978-0-7565-0683-4}}.
+* Brooks, Philip. ''The Tuskegee Airmen''. Minneapolis, Minnesota: Compass Point Books, 2019. {{ISBN|978-0-7565-0683-4}}.
 * O'Leary, Michael. ''North American Aviation P-51 Mustang'' (Osprey Production Line to Frontline 1). Oxford, UK: Osprey, 1998. {{ISBN|978-1-85532-703-0}}.
-* ''Red Tail: Rising Above Adversity To Fly Again.'' St. Paul, Minnesota: Commemorative Air Force.
+* ''Red Tail: Rising Above Adversity To Fly Again''. St. Paul, Minnesota: Commemorative Air Force.
-* Ross, Stan and Cindy Bergquiat. ''Don Hinz and the Red Tail Project.'' St. Paul, Minnesota: Office of Aeronautics, Minnesota Department of Transportation, 2006.
+* Ross, Stan and Cindy Bergquiat. ''Don Hinz and the Red Tail Project''. St. Paul, Minnesota: Office of Aeronautics, Minnesota Department of Transportation, 2006.
-* Tillman, Barrett. "Tales of the Red Tails; Inside the Tuskegee Legend: The men, the machines, the missions." ''Flight Journal,'' February 2012.
+* Tillman, Barrett. "Tales of the Red Tails; Inside the Tuskegee Legend: The men, the machines, the missions". ''Flight Journal'', February 2012.
-{{refend}}
+{{Refend}}
 ==External links==
+* [http://maxair2air.com/09AIR/P-51C-Homecoming/01.html 2009 Homecoming photoessay]
-*[https://www.pbs.org/redtailreborn/ Red Tail Reborn PBS page]
-*[http://maxair2air.com/09AIR/P-51C-Homecoming/01.html 2009 Homecoming photoessay]
 {{Tuskegee Airmen}}
 {{Midwestern U.S. historical societies}}
-{{good article}}
+{{Authority control}}
-[[Category:Aviation in the United States]]
+[[Category:Aviation organizations based in the United States]]
-[[Category:African-American history of the United States military]]
+[[Category:Cultural heritage of the United States]]
-[[Category:Cultural heritage]]
 [[Category:Historic preservation organizations in the United States]]
 [[Category:Non-profit organizations based in Minnesota]]
@@ Line 123: / Line 115: @@
 [[Category:Tuskegee Airmen]]
 [[Category:World War II aircraft of the United States]]
+[[Category:Aviation history of the United States]]

Authority control databases
International	VIAF
National	United States