Aqyn: Difference between revisions
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| ⚫ | '''Aqyn''' or '''akyn''' ({{lang-kk|ақын}}, {{lang-ky|акын}}, {{IPA-ky|ɑˈqɯn|pron}}; both transcribed as ''aqın'' or ''اقىن''), is an [[Improvisation|improvisational]] [[poets|poet]] and [[singers|singer]] within the [[Culture of Kazakhstan|Kazakh]] and [[Culture of Kyrgyzstan|Kyrgyz]] cultures. Aqyns differ from the [[zhyrau]]s or [[manaschy]]s, who are instead song performers or [[Epic poetry|epic]] storytellers. |
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[[File:Kazybek Akyn statue, Naryn, Kyrgyzstan.jpg|thumb|200px|Statue of Kazybek Aqyn in [[Naryn]], [[Kyrgyzstan]]]] |
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In [[ |
In song competitions known as [[Aytysh|aytıs or aytysh]], aqyns improvise in the form of a song-like [[recitative]], usually to the [[accompaniment]] of a [[dombra]] (among [[Kazakhs]]) or a [[komuz]] (among [[Kyrgyz people|Kyrgyz]]). In the context of the [[nomad]]ic lifestyle and [[illiteracy]] of most of the [[rural]] population in [[Central Asia]] in pre-[[Soviet Union|Soviet]] times, akyns played an important role in terms of expressing people's thoughts and feelings, exposing social vices, and glorifying heroes. In the Soviet era, their repertoire incorporated praise songs to [[Vladimir Lenin|Lenin]].<ref> |
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{{cite journal |last1= Vinogradov |first1= V. |title= The Akyns Sing of Lenin |journal= Yearbook of the International Folk Music Council |date= 1970 |volume= 2 |pages= 77-91 |doi= 10.2307/767426}} |
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</ref> |
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Contemporary aqyns may also publish their original lyrics and poetry. |
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== Kazakh aqyns == |
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Famous historical Kazakh akyns include: Zhanak Kambaruluy (1760–1857), [[Makhambet Otemisuly]] (1804–1846), Suyunbai Aronuly (1815–1898), Shernyz Zharylgasov (1817–1881), Birzhan-Sal Khodgulov (1834–1897), Ziaus Baizhanov (1835–1929), Akan Sery Corramsauluy (1843–1913), [[Zhambyl Zhabayuly]] (1846–1945), Gaziz Firesoll (mind 1930), Kenen Azerbaev (1884–1976), and Aktan Kereiuly. |
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Aqyns often fully improvise, responding to any phenomena in society or at the situation on nationwide holidays, etc. On holidays, a kind of aqyn competition is often held. During the aqua contest, having fun, alternately in poetry form, try to make fun of each other or choosing any arbitrary theme. Sometimes, the authorities are trying to subjected to Aytyus censorship when it comes to the power of property or politicians.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Цензура не сможет заткнуть айтыс только благодаря народу|url=https://rus.azattyq.org/a/kazakhstan_aitys_censorship_/2279767.html|access-date=2022-02-21|website=Радио Азаттык|language=ru}}</ref> |
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The nomadic lifestyle and the speed of the art of Akynov did not allow the work in the past and maintain works on paper. Most of the works of Aquins remained lost. |
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== Kyrgyz aqyns == |
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Famous Kyrgyz aqyns include Qalygul, Arstanbek, Soltonbay, [[Toktogul Satylganov|Toqtogul Satylganov]], [[Togolok Moldo|Togoloq Moldo]], Qylychty, Naymanbay, Qalmyrza, Eshmanbet, and Beknazar. Sometimes manaschys are also considered a separate story-telling category of aqyns. |
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== Literature == |
== Literature == |
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*Nurmakhan, Zhanash: Kazaktyn 5000 |
*Nurmakhan, Zhanash: ''Kazaktyn 5000 Akyn-zhyrauy''. Almaty 2008. {{ISBN|9965-742-70-7}} {{in lang|kk}} |
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== See also == |
== See also == |
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* [[Kazakh music]] |
* [[Kazakh music]] |
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* [[Kyrgyz music]] |
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==References== |
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{{Reflist}} |
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==External links== |
==External links== |
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{{UNESCO Oral and Intangible music}} |
{{UNESCO Oral and Intangible music}} |
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[[Category: |
[[Category:Culture of Kazakhstan]] |
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[[Category:Kyrgyz-language literature]] |
[[Category:Kyrgyz-language literature]] |
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[[Category:Masterpieces of the Oral and Intangible Heritage of Humanity]] |
[[Category:Masterpieces of the Oral and Intangible Heritage of Humanity]] |
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[[Category:Bashkir folklore]] |
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[[Category:Poets]] |
[[Category:Poets]] |
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Revision as of 15:45, 2 November 2023
Aqyn or akyn (Kazakh: ақын, Kyrgyz: акын, pronounced [ɑˈqɯn]; both transcribed as aqın or اقىن), is an improvisational poet and singer within the Kazakh and Kyrgyz cultures. Aqyns differ from the zhyraus or manaschys, who are instead song performers or epic storytellers.
In song competitions known as aytıs or aytysh, aqyns improvise in the form of a song-like recitative, usually to the accompaniment of a dombra (among Kazakhs) or a komuz (among Kyrgyz). In the context of the nomadic lifestyle and illiteracy of most of the rural population in Central Asia in pre-Soviet times, akyns played an important role in terms of expressing people's thoughts and feelings, exposing social vices, and glorifying heroes. In the Soviet era, their repertoire incorporated praise songs to Lenin.[1]
Contemporary aqyns may also publish their original lyrics and poetry.
Kazakh aqyns
Famous historical Kazakh akyns include: Zhanak Kambaruluy (1760–1857), Makhambet Otemisuly (1804–1846), Suyunbai Aronuly (1815–1898), Shernyz Zharylgasov (1817–1881), Birzhan-Sal Khodgulov (1834–1897), Ziaus Baizhanov (1835–1929), Akan Sery Corramsauluy (1843–1913), Zhambyl Zhabayuly (1846–1945), Gaziz Firesoll (mind 1930), Kenen Azerbaev (1884–1976), and Aktan Kereiuly.
Aqyns often fully improvise, responding to any phenomena in society or at the situation on nationwide holidays, etc. On holidays, a kind of aqyn competition is often held. During the aqua contest, having fun, alternately in poetry form, try to make fun of each other or choosing any arbitrary theme. Sometimes, the authorities are trying to subjected to Aytyus censorship when it comes to the power of property or politicians.[2]
The nomadic lifestyle and the speed of the art of Akynov did not allow the work in the past and maintain works on paper. Most of the works of Aquins remained lost.
Kyrgyz aqyns
Famous Kyrgyz aqyns include Qalygul, Arstanbek, Soltonbay, Toqtogul Satylganov, Togoloq Moldo, Qylychty, Naymanbay, Qalmyrza, Eshmanbet, and Beknazar. Sometimes manaschys are also considered a separate story-telling category of aqyns.
Literature
- Nurmakhan, Zhanash: Kazaktyn 5000 Akyn-zhyrauy. Almaty 2008. ISBN 9965-742-70-7 (in Kazakh)
See also
References
- ^ Vinogradov, V. (1970). "The Akyns Sing of Lenin". Yearbook of the International Folk Music Council. 2: 77–91. doi:10.2307/767426.
- ^ "Цензура не сможет заткнуть айтыс только благодаря народу". Радио Азаттык (in Russian). Retrieved 2022-02-21.
External links
- "Alpamysh" at the Uysal-Walker Archive of Turkish Oral Narrative, Texas Tech University
- Central Asian Identity Under Russian Rule
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