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| name=BB-1 Pioneer |
| name=BB-1 Pioneer |
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| image=2008 09 07 - Philadelphia - Budd BB-1 Pioneer 06.JPG |
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| caption=The Pioneer in front of the [[Franklin Institute]] |
| caption=The Pioneer in front of the [[Franklin Institute]] |
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The '''Budd BB-1 Pioneer''' was an experimental [[United States]] [[flying boat]] of the 1930s utilizing the [[Savoia-Marchetti S.56]] design. Its framework was constructed entirely of [[stainless steel]], using a newly |
The '''Budd BB-1 Pioneer''' was an experimental [[United States]] [[flying boat]] of the 1930s utilizing the [[Savoia-Marchetti S.56]] design. Its framework was constructed entirely of [[stainless steel]], using a newly patented method of welding that alloy.<ref>American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, ''[http://www.aiaa.org/aerospace/images/articleimages/pdf/OUT%20OF%20THE%20PAST_Jan2008.pdf Out of the Past]'' {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100307131001/http://www.aiaa.org/aerospace/images/articleimages/pdf/OUT%20OF%20THE%20PAST_Jan2008.pdf |date=March 7, 2010 }}</ref> |
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==Development== |
==Development== |
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By 1930 the [[Budd Company]] was a national leader in construction of railway vehicles containing considerable amounts of stainless steel. Anxious to expand this expertise into other areas, company founder [[Edward G. Budd]] hired [[Enea Bossi]] to design and construct a flying boat |
By 1930 the [[Budd Company]] was a national leader in construction of railway vehicles containing considerable amounts of stainless steel. Anxious to expand this expertise into other areas, company founder [[Edward G. Budd]] hired [[Enea Bossi]] to design and construct a flying boat of [[Shot welding|shot-welded]] stainless steel sheet and strip. They contracted with the Italian aircraft company [[Savoia-Marchetti]] for the use of the [[Savoia-Marchetti S.56|S.56]] design. The S.56 was a single-engine three-seat flying boat.<ref name="aerofiles">[http://www.aerofiles.com/_bo.html Pioneer page]</ref> The Italian company granted licenses for construction of three units in the US, one to Budd and the others to other companies.<ref>[http://www.aerofiles.com/_pa.html Pioneer webpage of Aerofiles website]</ref> |
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The resulting BB-1 was a [[biplane]] flying boat, with the lower wing attached near the top of the [[hull (watercraft)|hull]] and the upper wing held high above, with a single [[Kinner Airplane & Motor Corporation|Kinner C-5]] [[radial engine]] mounted on the aircraft centerline between the wings. Wheels mounted on the sides of the hull were retracted upwards during water |
The resulting BB-1 was a [[biplane]] flying boat, with the lower wing attached near the top of the [[hull (watercraft)|hull]] and the upper wing held high above, with a single [[Kinner Airplane & Motor Corporation|Kinner C-5]] [[radial engine]] mounted on the aircraft centerline between the wings. Wheels mounted on the sides of the hull were retracted upwards during [[water landing]]s. The single tailwheel was not retractable. The pilot and two passengers rode in an open [[cockpit]] near the bow. |
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The [[prototype]] BB-1 first flew from the Budd Factory |
The [[prototype]] BB-1 first flew from the Budd Factory airfield, a field northwest of Philadelphia (Latitude 40.11/West Longitude 75.04). The field is still visible, although not used as a landing strip. |
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Although the Pioneer was the first American airplane to be made of stainless steel, it |
Although the Pioneer was the first American airplane to be made of stainless steel, it did not go into production. Another stainless steel amphibian, the [[Fleetwings Sea Bird]] was the first to go into production, with one prototype and five production units manufactured.<ref>{{cite web|title=Fleetwings Seabird|url=http://www.goldenwingsmuseum.com/collection/AC-Pages/Seabird.htm|website=Golden Wings Flying Museum|accessdate=26 May 2016}}</ref> |
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==Operational history== |
==Operational history== |
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The BB-1 Pioneer first flew in 1931. Flight tests showed it to be typical in performance and challenging to handle on the water.<ref> |
The BB-1 Pioneer first flew in 1931. Flight tests showed it to be typical in performance and challenging to handle on the water.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.msacomputer.com/FlyingBoats-old/italy/Savoia-Marchetti-S-56.htm |title=Savoia-Marchetti S.56 |access-date=2008-03-11 |archive-date=2007-07-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070713141616/http://www.msacomputer.com/FlyingBoats-old/italy/Savoia-Marchetti-S-56.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref> The aircraft logged about 1,000 flying hours on tours of the US and Italy. |
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In |
In 1935 its fabric and lower wing were removed, and it was placed on permanent display outside the [[Franklin Institute]] in [[Philadelphia]], [[Pennsylvania]]. |
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==Specifications== |
==Specifications== |
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{{Aircraft specs |
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{{aerospecs |
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|ref=<ref name="aerofiles" /><ref>{{cite magazine|title=Flying Equipment: All-steel amphibion| magazine=[[Aviation Week & Space Technology|Aviation]] |date= January 1932 |page= 38 |url= http://archive.aviationweek.com/issue/19320101#!&pid=38 |url-access=registration }}</ref> |
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|ref=<ref>[http://www.aerofiles.com/_bo.html Aerofiles]</ref> |
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|prime units?=imp |
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|met or eng?=<!-- eng for US/UK aircraft, met for all others -->eng |
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<!-- |
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General characteristics |
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--> |
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|genhide= |
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|crew= |
|crew=1 |
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|capacity= |
|capacity=3 passengers |
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|length m= |
|length m= |
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|length ft=25 |
|length ft=25 |
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|length in=8 |
|length in=8 |
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|span m= |
|span m= |
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|span ft=34 |
|span ft=34 |
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|span in=2 |
|span in=1+1/2 |
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|swept m=<!-- swing-wings --> |
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|swept ft=<!-- swing-wings --> |
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|swept in=<!-- swing-wings --> |
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|rot number=<!-- helicopters --> |
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| ⚫ | |||
| ⚫ | |||
| ⚫ | |||
|dia m=<!-- airships etc --> |
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|dia ft=<!-- airships etc --> |
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|dia in=<!-- airships etc --> |
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|width m=<!-- if applicable --> |
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|width ft=<!-- if applicable --> |
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|width in=<!-- if applicable --> |
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|height m= |
|height m= |
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|height ft= |
|height ft=10 |
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|height in= |
|height in=3 |
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|wing area sqm= |
|wing area sqm= |
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|wing area sqft= |
|wing area sqft=292 |
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|swept area sqm=<!-- swing-wings --> |
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|swept area sqft=<!-- swing-wings --> |
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|rot area sqm=<!-- helicopters --> |
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|rot area sqft=<!-- helicopters --> |
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|volume m3=<!-- lighter-than-air --> |
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|volume ft3=<!-- lighter-than-air --> |
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|aspect ratio=<!-- sailplanes --> |
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|empty weight kg= |
|empty weight kg= |
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|empty weight lb= |
|empty weight lb=1749 |
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|gross weight kg= |
|gross weight kg= |
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|gross weight lb= |
|gross weight lb=3300 |
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|fuel capacity= |
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|lift kg=<!-- lighter-than-air --> |
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<!-- |
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|lift lb=<!-- lighter-than-air --> |
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Powerplant |
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--> |
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|eng1 number=1 |
|eng1 number=1 |
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|eng1 |
|eng1 name=[[Kinner C-5]] |
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|eng1 type=5-cylinder [[radial engine]] |
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|eng1 kw=<!-- prop engines --> |
|eng1 kw=<!-- prop engines --> |
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|eng1 hp=<!-- prop engines --> |
|eng1 hp=210<!-- prop engines --> |
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| ⚫ | |||
|eng1 kn=<!-- jet/rocket engines --> |
|eng1 kn=<!-- jet/rocket engines --> |
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|eng1 lbf=<!-- jet/rocket engines --> |
|eng1 lbf=<!-- jet/rocket engines --> |
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|eng1 kn-ab=<!-- afterburners --> |
|eng1 kn-ab=<!-- afterburners --> |
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|eng1 lbf-ab=<!-- afterburners --> |
|eng1 lbf-ab=<!-- afterburners --> |
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|eng2 number= |
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|eng2 type= |
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| ⚫ | |||
|eng2 hp=<!-- prop engines --> |
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|eng2 kn=<!-- jet/rocket engines --> |
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|eng2 lbf=<!-- jet/rocket engines --> |
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|eng2 kn-ab=<!-- afterburners --> |
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|eng2 lbf-ab=<!-- afterburners --> |
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|prop blade number=<!-- propeller aircraft --> |
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| ⚫ | |||
|prop name= |
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| ⚫ | |||
| ⚫ | |||
<!-- |
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Performance |
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--> |
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| ⚫ | |||
|max speed kmh= |
|max speed kmh= |
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|max speed mph= |
|max speed mph= |
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|max speed kts= |
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|max speed mach=<!-- supersonic aircraft --> |
|max speed mach=<!-- supersonic aircraft --> |
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|cruise speed kmh=<!-- if max speed unknown --> |
|cruise speed kmh=<!-- if max speed unknown --> |
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|cruise speed mph=<!-- if max speed unknown --> |
|cruise speed mph=<!-- if max speed unknown --> |
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|cruise speed kts= |
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|range km= |
|range km= |
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|range miles= |
|range miles= |
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|range nmi= |
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|endurance h=<!-- if range unknown --> |
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|endurance min=<!-- if range unknown --> |
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|ceiling m= |
|ceiling m= |
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|ceiling ft= |
|ceiling ft= |
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|glide ratio=<!-- sailplanes --> |
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|climb rate ms= |
|climb rate ms= |
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|climb rate ftmin= |
|climb rate ftmin= |
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|more performance= |
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|sink rate ms=<!-- sailplanes --> |
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|sink rate ftmin=<!-- sailplanes --> |
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|avionics= |
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|armament1= |
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|armament2= |
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|armament3= |
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|armament4= |
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|armament5= |
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|armament6= |
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}} |
}} |
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==References== |
==References== |
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{{commonscat|Budd BB-1 Pioneer}} |
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{{reflist}} |
{{reflist}} |
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*[http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1932/1932%20-%201255.html A "Shot Welded" Aircraft] |
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[[Category: |
[[Category:Budd aircraft|BB-1]] |
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[[Category: |
[[Category:1930s United States experimental aircraft]] |
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[[Category: |
[[Category:Flying boats]] |
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[[Category: |
[[Category:Single-engined tractor aircraft]] |
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[[Category: |
[[Category:Biplanes]] |
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[[Category: |
[[Category:Franklin Institute]] |
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[[Category:Aircraft first flown in 1931]] |
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Latest revision as of 01:10, 31 October 2023
| BB-1 Pioneer | |
|---|---|
| |
| The Pioneer in front of the Franklin Institute | |
| Role | Experimental flying boat |
| National origin | United States |
| Manufacturer | Budd Company |
| First flight | 1931 |
| Number built | 1 |
The Budd BB-1 Pioneer was an experimental United States flying boat of the 1930s utilizing the Savoia-Marchetti S.56 design. Its framework was constructed entirely of stainless steel, using a newly patented method of welding that alloy.[1]
Development
[edit]By 1930 the Budd Company was a national leader in construction of railway vehicles containing considerable amounts of stainless steel. Anxious to expand this expertise into other areas, company founder Edward G. Budd hired Enea Bossi to design and construct a flying boat of shot-welded stainless steel sheet and strip. They contracted with the Italian aircraft company Savoia-Marchetti for the use of the S.56 design. The S.56 was a single-engine three-seat flying boat.[2] The Italian company granted licenses for construction of three units in the US, one to Budd and the others to other companies.[3]
The resulting BB-1 was a biplane flying boat, with the lower wing attached near the top of the hull and the upper wing held high above, with a single Kinner C-5 radial engine mounted on the aircraft centerline between the wings. Wheels mounted on the sides of the hull were retracted upwards during water landings. The single tailwheel was not retractable. The pilot and two passengers rode in an open cockpit near the bow.
The prototype BB-1 first flew from the Budd Factory airfield, a field northwest of Philadelphia (Latitude 40.11/West Longitude 75.04). The field is still visible, although not used as a landing strip.
Although the Pioneer was the first American airplane to be made of stainless steel, it did not go into production. Another stainless steel amphibian, the Fleetwings Sea Bird was the first to go into production, with one prototype and five production units manufactured.[4]
Operational history
[edit]The BB-1 Pioneer first flew in 1931. Flight tests showed it to be typical in performance and challenging to handle on the water.[5] The aircraft logged about 1,000 flying hours on tours of the US and Italy.
In 1935 its fabric and lower wing were removed, and it was placed on permanent display outside the Franklin Institute in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
Specifications
[edit]General characteristics
- Crew: 1
- Capacity: 3 passengers
- Length: 25 ft 8 in (7.82 m)
- Wingspan: 34 ft 1+1⁄2 in (10.401 m)
- Height: 10 ft 3 in (3.12 m)
- Wing area: 292 sq ft (27.1 m2)
- Empty weight: 1,749 lb (793 kg)
- Gross weight: 3,300 lb (1,497 kg)
- Powerplant: 1 × Kinner C-5 5-cylinder radial engine, 210 hp (160 kW)
References
[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Budd BB-1 Pioneer.
- ^ American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Out of the Past Archived March 7, 2010, at the Wayback Machine
- ^ a b Pioneer page
- ^ Pioneer webpage of Aerofiles website
- ^ "Fleetwings Seabird". Golden Wings Flying Museum. Retrieved 26 May 2016.
- ^ "Savoia-Marchetti S.56". Archived from the original on 2007-07-13. Retrieved 2008-03-11.
- ^ "Flying Equipment: All-steel amphibion". Aviation. January 1932. p. 38.