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{{Short description|French botanist and mycologist (1838–1902)}}
{{Infobox scientist
{{Infobox scientist
|name = Pierre-Marie-Alexis Millardet
| name = Pierre-Marie-Alexis Millardet
|image =Replace_this_image_male.svg
| image = Alexis_Millardet.jpg
⚫
| caption = Pierre-Marie-Alexis Millardet
|image_size =150px
|caption = Pierre-Marie-Alexis Millardet
| birth_date = 13 December 1838
|birth_date = 13 December 1838
| birth_place = [[Montmirey-la-Ville]]
| death_date = {{death-date and age|15 December 1902|13 December 1838}}
|birth_place = [[Montmirey-la-Ville]]
|death_date = 15 December 1902
| death_place = [[Bordeaux]]
|death_place = [[Bordeaux]]
| residence =
| citizenship =
|residence = |citizenship =
|nationality = [[France]]
| nationality = French
|ethnicity =
| ethnicity =
|field = [[botany]] and [[mycology]]
| field = [[botany]] and [[mycology]]
|work_institutions = [[University of Strasbourg|Strasbourg]]
| work_institutions = [[University of Strasbourg|Strasbourg]]
|alma_mater = [[University of Heidelberg|Heidelberg]] <br/> [[University of Freiberg|Freiberg]]
| alma_mater = [[University of Heidelberg|Heidelberg]] <br/> [[University of Freiberg|Freiberg]]
|doctoral_advisor =
| doctoral_advisor =
|doctoral_students =
| doctoral_students =
|known_for = [[Phylloxera]]
| known_for = [[Phylloxera]]
|author_abbrev_bot =|author_abbrev_zoo =
| author_abbrev_bot =
| author_abbrev_zoo =
| prizes = 1893 Prix Morogues<ref>{{cite book|chapter=Tableaux des prix décernés|title=Comptes rendus hebdomadaires des séances de l'Académie des sciences|year=1894|volume=117|page=1007|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fp9DAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA1007|last1=(France)|first1=Académie des Sciences}} (The French Academy awarded the 1893 prizes on 18 December 1893.)</ref><ref>{{cite book|chapter=Science Prizes|title=American Naturalist|publisher=U. of Chicago Press|year=1894|volume=28|page=290|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fycuAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA290}}</ref>
|influences =
|influenced = [[Jules Émile Planchon]]
| religion =
|prizes =
| footnotes =
|religion = |footnotes = |signature =
| signature =
}}
}}
'''Pierre-Marie-Alexis Millardet''' (13 December 1838 &ndash; 15 December 1902) was a French [[botanist]] and [[mycologist]] born in [[Montmirey-la-Ville]].
'''Pierre-Marie-Alexis Millardet''' (13 December 1838 &ndash; 15 December 1902) was a French [[botanist]] and [[mycologist]] born in [[Montmirey-la-Ville]].


He was a student at the Universities of [[University of Heidelberg|Heidelberg]] and [[University of Freiberg|Freiberg]], and later became a professor of botany at the Universities of [[University of Strasbourg|Strasbourg]] (1869), [[Nancy-Université|Nancy]] (1872), and [[University of Bordeaux|Bordeaux]] (1876).
He was a student at the Universities of [[University of Heidelberg|Heidelberg]] and [[University of Freiberg|Freiberg]], and later became a professor of botany at the Universities of [[University of Strasbourg|Strasbourg]] (1869), [[Nancy-Université|Nancy]] (1872), and [[University of Bordeaux|Bordeaux]] (1876).
⚫
Millardet is chiefly remembered for his work dealing with plant pests. In the 1860s the vineyards of France were infested by the destructive [[Phylloxera]], an [[aphid]]-like pest inadvertently introduced to Europe from the [[United States]]. Millardet and fellow botanist [[Jules Émile Planchon]] (1823-1888) controlled the infestation by using American [[grape vine]]s that were resistant to Phylloxera as [[grafting]] stock. American horticulturalist, [[T.V. Munson]], was instrumental in identifying and provisioning the American rootstock that was resistant to Phylloxera and suitable for French growing conditions.


⚫
He was also responsible for protecting grape vineyards from [[downy mildew]] [[fungus]] (''[[Plasmopara viticola]]''). He accomplished this feat by implementing a [[fungicide]] consisting of [[hydrated lime]], [[copper sulfate]] and water, a mixture that was to become known as the "[[Bordeaux mixture]]". It was the first fungicide to be used worldwide and is still used today.
⚫
Millardet is chiefly remembered for his work dealing with plant pests. In the 1860s the vineyards of France were infested by the destructive [[Phylloxera]], an [[aphid]]-like pest inadvertently introduced to Europe from the [[United States]]. Millardet and fellow botanist [[Jules Émile Planchon]] controlled the infestation by using American [[grape vine]]s that were resistant to Phylloxera as [[grafting]] stock.

⚫
He was also responsible for protecting grape vineyards from [[downy mildew]] [[fungus]] (''[[Plasmopara viticola]]''). He accomplished this feat by implementing a [[fungicide]] consisting of [[hydrated lime]], [[copper sulfate]] and water, a mixture that was to become known as the "[[Bordeaux mixture]]". It was the first fungicide to be used worldwide, and is still used today.


== Writings ==
== Writings ==
* ''Monographie sur la croissance de la vigne et la technique d'hybridation artificielle''.
* ''Monographie sur la croissance de la vigne et la technique d'hybridation artificielle''. - Monograph on [[vine growth cycle|vine growth]] and [[artificial hybrid]]ization technique.
* ''Un porte-greffe pour les terrains crayeux et marneux les plus chlorosant''.
* ''Un porte-greffe pour les terrains crayeux et marneux les plus chlorosant''. - [[Rootstock]] for chalky terrain and [[marl]] for [[chlorosis]].
* ''Notes sur les vignes américaines et opuscules divers sur le même sujet''.
* ''Notes sur les vignes américaines et opuscules divers sur le même sujet''. - Notes on American vines and various pamphlets on the same subject.
* ''Pourridié et Phylloxéra. Etude comparative de ces deux maladies de la vigne''. 1882
* ''Pourridié et Phylloxéra. Etude comparative de ces deux maladies de la vigne'', 1882 - Phylloxera and rot. Comparative study of these two diseases of the vine.
* ''Histoire des principales variétés et espèces de vignes d'origine américaine qui résistent au phylloxera''. (1885)
* ''Histoire des principales variétés et espèces de vignes d'origine américaine qui résistent au phylloxera'', (1885) - History of the main varieties and species of American grapes that are resistant to phylloxera.


{{Botanist|Millardet|Millardet, Pierre-Marie-Alexis}}
{{Botanist|Millardet|Millardet, Pierre-Marie-Alexis}}


== Sources ==
== Sources ==
* ''This article is based on a translation of equivalent articles from the French and German Wikipedia.''
* This article is based on a translation of equivalent articles from the French and German Wikipedia.
*{{cite journal
*{{cite journal
|last=Dixon
|last=Dixon
|first=Bernard
|first=Bernard
|date=Sep 2004
|authorlink=
|year=2004|month=Sep.
|title=Pushing Bordeaux mixture
|title=Pushing Bordeaux mixture
|journal=[[The Lancet infectious diseases]]
|journal=[[The Lancet Infectious Diseases]]
|volume=4
|volume=4
|issue=9
|issue=9
|pages=594
|pages=594
|publisher= |location = [[United States]]| issn = 1473-3099| pmid = 15336227
|location = [[United States]]| issn = 1473-3099| pmid = 15336227
|doi = 10.1016/S1473-3099(04)01136-3
|doi = 10.1016/S1473-3099(04)01136-3
| bibcode = | oclc =| id = | url = | language = | format = | accessdate = | laysummary = | laysource = | laydate = | quote =
}}
}}
{{reflist}}
{{reflist}}


{{Authority control}}
{{Persondata <!-- Metadata: see [[Wikipedia:Persondata]]. -->

⚫
| NAME = Millardet, Pierre-Marie-Alexis
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES =
| SHORT DESCRIPTION =
| DATE OF BIRTH = 13 December 1838
| PLACE OF BIRTH =
| DATE OF DEATH = 15 December 1902
| PLACE OF DEATH =
}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Millardet, Pierre-Marie-Alexis}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Millardet, Pierre-Marie-Alexis}}
[[Category:1838 births]]
[[Category:1838 births]]
[[Category:1902 deaths]]
[[Category:1902 deaths]]
[[Category:People from Jura (department)]]
[[Category:People from Jura (department)]]
[[Category:French botanists]]
[[Category:19th-century French botanists]]
[[Category:French mycologists]]
[[Category:French mycologists]]
[[Category:University of Strasbourg faculty]]
[[Category:Academic staff of the University of Strasbourg]]
[[Category:Nancy-Université faculty]]
[[Category:Academic staff of Nancy-Université]]
[[Category:University of Bordeaux faculty]]
[[Category:Academic staff of the University of Bordeaux]]

[[de:Pierre-Marie Alexis Millardet]]
[[es:Pierre Marie Alexis Millardet]]
[[fr:Alexis Millardet]]
[[la:Petrus Maria Alexis Millardet]]
[[nl:Pierre-Marie-Alexis Millardet]]
[[pt:Alexis Millardet]]
[[ru:Мильярде, Пьер Мари Алексис]]

Latest revision as of 01:03, 31 October 2023

Pierre-Marie-Alexis Millardet
Pierre-Marie-Alexis Millardet
Born13 December 1838
Montmirey-la-Ville
Died15 December 1902 (1902-12-16) (aged 64)
Bordeaux
NationalityFrench
Alma materHeidelberg
Freiberg
Known forPhylloxera
Awards1893 Prix Morogues[1][2]
Scientific career
Fieldsbotany and mycology
InstitutionsStrasbourg

Pierre-Marie-Alexis Millardet (13 December 1838 – 15 December 1902) was a French botanist and mycologist born in Montmirey-la-Ville.

He was a student at the Universities of Heidelberg and Freiberg, and later became a professor of botany at the Universities of Strasbourg (1869), Nancy (1872), and Bordeaux (1876). Millardet is chiefly remembered for his work dealing with plant pests. In the 1860s the vineyards of France were infested by the destructive Phylloxera, an aphid-like pest inadvertently introduced to Europe from the United States. Millardet and fellow botanist Jules Émile Planchon (1823-1888) controlled the infestation by using American grape vines that were resistant to Phylloxera as grafting stock. American horticulturalist, T.V. Munson, was instrumental in identifying and provisioning the American rootstock that was resistant to Phylloxera and suitable for French growing conditions.

He was also responsible for protecting grape vineyards from downy mildew fungus (Plasmopara viticola). He accomplished this feat by implementing a fungicide consisting of hydrated lime, copper sulfate and water, a mixture that was to become known as the "Bordeaux mixture". It was the first fungicide to be used worldwide and is still used today.

Writings

[edit]
  • Monographie sur la croissance de la vigne et la technique d'hybridation artificielle. - Monograph on vine growth and artificial hybridization technique.
  • Un porte-greffe pour les terrains crayeux et marneux les plus chlorosant. - Rootstock for chalky terrain and marl for chlorosis.
  • Notes sur les vignes américaines et opuscules divers sur le même sujet. - Notes on American vines and various pamphlets on the same subject.
  • Pourridié et Phylloxéra. Etude comparative de ces deux maladies de la vigne, 1882 - Phylloxera and rot. Comparative study of these two diseases of the vine.
  • Histoire des principales variétés et espèces de vignes d'origine américaine qui résistent au phylloxera, (1885) - History of the main varieties and species of American grapes that are resistant to phylloxera.
The standard author abbreviation Millardet is used to indicate this person as the author when citing a botanical name.[3]

Sources

[edit]
  • This article is based on a translation of equivalent articles from the French and German Wikipedia.
  • Dixon, Bernard (Sep 2004). "Pushing Bordeaux mixture". The Lancet Infectious Diseases. 4 (9). United States: 594. doi:10.1016/S1473-3099(04)01136-3. ISSN 1473-3099. PMID 15336227.
  1. ^ (France), Académie des Sciences (1894). "Tableaux des prix décernés". Comptes rendus hebdomadaires des séances de l'Académie des sciences. Vol. 117. p. 1007. (The French Academy awarded the 1893 prizes on 18 December 1893.)
  2. ^ "Science Prizes". American Naturalist. Vol. 28. U. of Chicago Press. 1894. p. 290.
  3. ^ International Plant Names Index.  Millardet.
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