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{{Short description|Species of bird}}
{{Short description|Species of owl}}
{{Speciesbox
{{Speciesbox
| name = Karthala scops owl
| status = EN
| status = EN
| status_system = IUCN3.1
| status_system = IUCN3.1
| status_ref = <ref>{{cite iucn | author = BirdLife International | year = 2017 | title = ''Otus pauliani'' | volume = 2017 | page = e.T22688694A118470970 | doi = 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-3.RLTS.T22688694A118470970.en }}</ref>
| status_ref = <ref name="iucn status 19 November 2021">{{cite iucn |author=BirdLife International |date=2017 |title=''Otus pauliani'' |volume=2017 |page=e.T22688694A118470970 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-3.RLTS.T22688694A118470970.en |access-date=19 November 2021}}</ref>
| status2 = CITES_A2
| status2_system = CITES
| status2_ref = <ref>{{Cite web|title=Appendices {{!}} CITES|url=https://cites.org/eng/app/appendices.php|access-date=2022-01-14|website=cites.org}}</ref>
| taxon = Otus pauliani
| taxon = Otus pauliani
| authority = ([[Constantine Walter Benson|Benson]], 1960)
| authority = [[Constantine Walter Benson|Benson]], 1960
}}
}}


The '''Karthala scops owl''' (''Otus pauliani''), also known as '''Grand Comoro scops owl''' or '''Comoro scops owl''', is a small, scops [[owl]] endemic to the island of [[Grande Comore]] in the [[Comoro Islands]].
The '''Karthala scops owl''' ('''''Otus pauliani'''''), also known as the '''Grand Comore scops owl''' or '''Comoro scops owl''', is a small scops [[owl]] endemic to the island of [[Grande Comore]] in the [[Comoro Islands]].

⚫
==Taxonomy==
⚫
The Karthala scops owl was formerly considered to be a subspecies of the [[Madagascar scops owl]] (''Otus rutilus''), but with the other Comoro Islands scops owls, it is now regarded as a separate species.<ref name = Avibase>{{cite web | url = http://avibase.bsc-eoc.org/species.jsp?avibaseid=A7509E6EAD91CB75 | title = Comoro Scops-Owl ''Otus pauliani'' Benson, 1960 | accessdate = 30 October 2016 | publisher = Denis Lepage| work = Avibase}}</ref>


==Description==
==Description==
The Karthala scops owl lacks ear tufts and comes in two colour forms, a light morph and a dark morph. The light morph is dark greyish brown on the upperparts with fine barring and pale spots along the scapulars. The underparts are reddish buff with a dense pattern of fine barring on the flight feathers and tail. The dark morph is overall dark chocolate brown but no specimen of a dark morph individual has been taken. It measures approximately {{convert|20|cm|in|abbr=on}} in length and the wingspan is {{convert|45|cm|in|abbr=on}}.<ref name = Owls>{{cite book | last1 = König | first1 = Claus | last2 = Weick | first2 = Friedhelm | last3 = Becking | first3 = Jan-Hendrick | year = 1999 | title = Owls A Guide to the Owls of the World | page = 224 | publisher = Pica Press | isbn = 978-1-873403-74-7}}</ref>
The Karthala scops owl lacks ear-tufts and comes in two colour forms, a light morph and a dark morph. The light morph is dark greyish-brown on the upperparts with fine barring and pale spots along the scapulars. The underparts are reddish-buff with a dense pattern of fine barring on the flight feathers and tail. The dark morph is overall dark chocolate brown but no specimen of a dark morph individual has been taken. It measures approximately {{convert|20|cm|in|abbr=on}} in length and the wingspan is {{convert|45|cm|in|abbr=on}}.<ref name = Owls>{{cite book | last1 = König | first1 = Claus | last2 = Weick | first2 = Friedhelm | last3 = Becking | first3 = Jan-Hendrick | year = 1999 | title = Owls A Guide to the Owls of the World | page = 224 | publisher = Pica Press | isbn = 978-1-873403-74-7}}</ref>


===Voice===
===Voice===
A whistled "toot" which is given repeatedly with one second intervals.<ref name = Kemp>{{cite book | last1 = Kemp | first1 = Alan | last2 = Kemp | first2 = Meg | year = 1998 | title = SASOL Birds of Prey of Africa and its Islands | pages = 320–321 | publisher = New Holland | isbn = 1-85974-100-2}}</ref>
Its call is a whistled "toot", which is given repeatedly with one second intervals.<ref name = Kemp>{{cite book | last1 = Kemp | first1 = Alan | last2 = Kemp | first2 = Meg | year = 1998 | title = SASOL Birds of Prey of Africa and its Islands | pages = 320–321 | publisher = New Holland | isbn = 1-85974-100-2}}</ref>


==Distribution and habitat==
==Distribution and habitat==
Endemic to the island of Grande Comore, the Karthala scops owl is found only on [[Mount Karthala]], an active [[volcano]]. Here it inhabits the [[montane]] forest, some secondary growth and the tree heath above the forest.<ref name = Owls/>
Endemic to the island of Grande Comore, the Karthala scops owl is found only on [[Mount Karthala]], an active [[volcano]]. Here it inhabits the [[montane]] forest, some secondary growth and the tree-heath above the forest.<ref name = Owls/>


==Habits==
==Behaviour==
Nocturnal and very territorial, the Karthala scops owl will approach an imitation of its call, otherwise almost unknown. It has relatively weak talons so probably feeds on insects and other invertebrates. It is thought to nest in tree cavities.<ref name = Owls/>
Nocturnal and very territorial, the Karthala scops owl will approach an imitation of its call, otherwise almost unknown. It has relatively weak talons so probably feeds on insects and other invertebrates. It is thought to nest in tree cavities.<ref name = Owls/>


==Status and population==
==Status and population==
It has an estimated population of 2,000. It is classified as [[endangered]] due to it being restricted to such a small area, which is being rapidly deforested.<ref name = Birdlife>{{cite web | url = http://www.birdlife.org/datazone/speciesfactsheet.php?id=2184 | title = Grand Comoro Scops-owl ''Otus pauliani'' | accessdate = 30 October 2016 | publisher = [[Birdlife International]]}}</ref>
It has an estimated population of 2,000. It is classified as [[endangered]] due to it being restricted to such a small area, which is being rapidly deforested.<ref name = Birdlife>{{cite web | url = http://www.birdlife.org/datazone/speciesfactsheet.php?id=2184 | title = Grand Comoro Scops-owl ''Otus pauliani'' | accessdate = 30 October 2016 | publisher = [[Birdlife International]]}}</ref>

⚫
==Taxonomy==
⚫
The Karthala scops owl was formerly considered to be a subspecies of the [[Madagascar scops owl]] ''Otus rutilus'', but with the other Comoro Islands scops owls it is now regarded as a separate species.<ref name = Avibase>{{cite web | url = http://avibase.bsc-eoc.org/species.jsp?avibaseid=A7509E6EAD91CB75 | title = Comoro Scops-Owl ''Otus pauliani'' Benson, 1960 | accessdate = 30 October 2016 | publisher = Denis Lepage| work = Avibase}}</ref>


==References==
==References==
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{{Taxonbar|from=Q726913}}
{{Taxonbar|from=Q726913}}


[[Category:Otus (bird)]]
[[Category:Otus (bird)|Karthala scops owl]]
[[Category:Endemic birds of Comoros]]
[[Category:Endemic birds of the Comoros]]
[[Category:Grande Comore]]
[[Category:Critically endangered fauna of Africa]]
[[Category:Critically endangered fauna of Africa]]
[[Category:Birds described in 1960]]
[[Category:Birds described in 1960|Karthala scops owl]]
[[Category:Taxa named by Constantine Walter Benson]]
[[Category:Taxa named by Constantine Walter Benson]]

Latest revision as of 11:35, 25 October 2023

Karthala scops owl
CITES Appendix II (CITES)[2]
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Aves
Order: Strigiformes
Family: Strigidae
Genus: Otus
Species:
O. pauliani
Binomial name
Otus pauliani
Benson, 1960

The Karthala scops owl (Otus pauliani), also known as the Grand Comore scops owl or Comoro scops owl, is a small scops owl endemic to the island of Grande Comore in the Comoro Islands.

Taxonomy

[edit]

The Karthala scops owl was formerly considered to be a subspecies of the Madagascar scops owl (Otus rutilus), but with the other Comoro Islands scops owls, it is now regarded as a separate species.[3]

Description

[edit]

The Karthala scops owl lacks ear-tufts and comes in two colour forms, a light morph and a dark morph. The light morph is dark greyish-brown on the upperparts with fine barring and pale spots along the scapulars. The underparts are reddish-buff with a dense pattern of fine barring on the flight feathers and tail. The dark morph is overall dark chocolate brown but no specimen of a dark morph individual has been taken. It measures approximately 20 cm (7.9 in) in length and the wingspan is 45 cm (18 in).[4]

Voice

[edit]

Its call is a whistled "toot", which is given repeatedly with one second intervals.[5]

Distribution and habitat

[edit]

Endemic to the island of Grande Comore, the Karthala scops owl is found only on Mount Karthala, an active volcano. Here it inhabits the montane forest, some secondary growth and the tree-heath above the forest.[4]

Behaviour

[edit]

Nocturnal and very territorial, the Karthala scops owl will approach an imitation of its call, otherwise almost unknown. It has relatively weak talons so probably feeds on insects and other invertebrates. It is thought to nest in tree cavities.[4]

Status and population

[edit]

It has an estimated population of 2,000. It is classified as endangered due to it being restricted to such a small area, which is being rapidly deforested.[6]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ BirdLife International (2017). "Otus pauliani". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2017: e.T22688694A118470970. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-3.RLTS.T22688694A118470970.en. Retrieved 19 November 2021.
  2. ^ "Appendices | CITES". cites.org. Retrieved 2022-01-14.
  3. ^ "Comoro Scops-Owl Otus pauliani Benson, 1960". Avibase. Denis Lepage. Retrieved 30 October 2016.
  4. ^ a b c König, Claus; Weick, Friedhelm; Becking, Jan-Hendrick (1999). Owls A Guide to the Owls of the World. Pica Press. p. 224. ISBN 978-1-873403-74-7.
  5. ^ Kemp, Alan; Kemp, Meg (1998). SASOL Birds of Prey of Africa and its Islands. New Holland. pp. 320–321. ISBN 1-85974-100-2.
  6. ^ "Grand Comoro Scops-owl Otus pauliani". Birdlife International. Retrieved 30 October 2016.
[edit]
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