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{{Short description|Roman grammarian}}
'''Nonius Marcellus''' was a [[late antiquity|Roman]] [[Linguist|grammarian]] of the 4th or 5th century AD. His only surviving work is the ''De compendiosa doctrina'', a dictionary or encyclopedia in 20 books that shows his interests in [[antiquarian]]ism and [[Latin literature]] from [[Plautus]] to [[Apuleius]]. Nonius may have come from [[Africa (Roman province)|Africa]].<ref>Matthew Bunson, ''A Dictionary of the Roman Empire'' (Oxford University Press, 1995), p. 258.</ref>
'''Nonius Marcellus''' was a [[late antiquity|Roman]] [[Linguist|grammarian]] of the 4th or 5th century AD. His only surviving work is the ''De compendiosa doctrina'', a dictionary or encyclopedia in 20 books that shows his interests in [[antiquarian]]ism and [[Latin literature]] from [[Plautus]] to [[Apuleius]]. Nonius may have come from [[Africa (Roman province)|Africa]].<ref>Matthew Bunson, ''A Dictionary of the Roman Empire'' (Oxford University Press, 1995), p. 258.</ref>


==Life==
==Life==


Little is known about Nonius. The full title of his work, ''Noni Marcelli Peripatetici Tubursicensis de Conpendiosa Doctrina ad filium'', indicates that he was a [[Peripatetic school|Peripatetic]] philosopher from [[Thubursicum]] in [[Numidia]]. An inscription at Thubursicum dedicated by a certain "Nonius Marcellus Herculius" in 323 AD indicates that his family was based in that area.<ref>''[[Corpus Inscriptionum Latinarum|CIL]]'' VIII 4878; [[W. M. Lindsay]], ''Noni Marcelli'', vol. 1, Teubner, 1903, p.xiii.</ref> Since Nonius does not mention Christianity and calls himself a peripatetic, he seems not to have [[conversion to Christianity|converted]].<ref>H. Nettleship, ''American Journal of Philology'' Vol. 3, No. 9 (1882), pp. 1-16. p.2-3: "His assumption of the title ''Peripateticus'' justifies us in concluding further that he was not a Christian; the contents of his book prove that he was an eager student of ancient and classical Latin. He may fairly therefore be classed, for literary purposes, among the non-Christian scholars and antiquarians of the fourth and fifth centuries; with [[Servius]] the commentator on [[Vergil]], [[Macrobius]], and the elder [[Quintus Aurelius Symmachus|Symmachus]]."</ref>
Little is known about Nonius. The full title of his work, ''Noni Marcelli Peripatetici Tubursicensis de Conpendiosa Doctrina ad filium'', indicates that he was a [[Peripatetic school|Peripatetic]] philosopher from [[Thubursicum]] in [[Numidia]]. An inscription at Thubursicum dedicated by a certain "Nonius Marcellus Herculius" in 323 AD indicates that his family was based in that area.<ref>''[[Corpus Inscriptionum Latinarum|CIL]]'' VIII 4878; [[W. M. Lindsay]], ''Noni Marcelli'', vol. 1, Teubner, 1903, p. xiii.</ref> Since Nonius does not mention Christianity and calls himself a peripatetic, he seems not to have [[conversion to Christianity|converted]].<ref>H. Nettleship, ''American Journal of Philology'' Vol. 3, No. 9 (1882), pp. 1-16. pp. 2–3: "His assumption of the title ''Peripateticus'' justifies us in concluding further that he was not a Christian; the contents of his book prove that he was an eager student of ancient and classical Latin. He may fairly therefore be classed, for literary purposes, among the non-Christian scholars and antiquarians of the fourth and fifth centuries; with [[Maurus Servius Honoratus|Servius]] the commentator on [[Vergil]], [[Macrobius]], and the elder [[Quintus Aurelius Symmachus|Symmachus]]."</ref>


Nonius quotes [[Aulus Gellius]] and other 2nd-century compilers, and is himself quoted and praised three times by [[Priscian]] in the 5th century, and so must have lived between these dates.<ref>W. M. Lindsay, ''Noni Marcelli'', vol. 1, Teubner, 1903, p.xiii. Note 2 lists references to Nonius by Priscian in ''Inst.'' I, p.35; I. p.269, and 499.</ref> According to the ''Cambridge History of Classical Literature'', he was probably active in the first half of the 4th century,<ref>Robert Browning, "Grammarians," in the ''Cambridge History of Classical Literature'', vol. 2: ''Latin Literature'', p.769.</ref> although some scholars of the 19th and early 20th centuries thought he might have lived later in the 4th or even in the 5th century.<ref>W.M.Lindsay, ''Nonius Marcellus'', St. Andrews University Publications 1, Oxford: Parker (1901), p.1.</ref> It has also been argued that Nonius was a contemporary of [[Severan dynasty|Severan]] authors such as Apuleius, or lived shortly after.<ref>Paul T. Keyser, ''Late Authors in Nonius Marcellus and Other Evidence of His Date'', Harvard Studies in Classical Philology, Vol. 96 (1994), pp. 369-389. p.388-9: "The prevailing belief that Nonius must belong roughly to the fourth century A.D. is based on little more than the tendency to presume that an undatable Latin work associated with a Roman aristocrat dates from the fourth century A.D. ... The inference that Nonius is Severan is ... based on ... the otherwise isolated and inexplicable cluster of quotations of authors dated to ca. A.D. 160-210 in the context of Nonius' express preference for the [[auctoritas]] of Republican and Augustan authors. Furthermore, this is supported by some items of contemporary language he records, by his heavy use of rolls rather than [[codex|codices]], and by his designation as a Peripatetic. In the end, one can conclude that he is to be dated to ca. A.D. 205–20."</ref>
Nonius quotes [[Aulus Gellius]] and other 2nd-century compilers, and is himself quoted and praised three times by [[Priscian]] in the 5th century, and so must have lived between these dates.<ref>W. M. Lindsay, ''Noni Marcelli'', vol. 1, Teubner, 1903, p. xiii. Note 2 lists references to Nonius by Priscian in ''Inst.'' I, p. 35; I. p. 269 and 499.</ref> According to the ''Cambridge History of Classical Literature'', he was probably active in the first half of the 4th century,<ref>Robert Browning, "Grammarians," in the ''Cambridge History of Classical Literature'', vol. 2: ''Latin Literature'', 1982, p. 769.</ref> although some scholars of the 19th and early 20th centuries thought he might have lived later in the 4th or even in the 5th century.<ref>W. M. Lindsay, ''Nonius Marcellus'', St. Andrews University Publications 1, Oxford: Parker (1901), p. 1.</ref> More recently it has been argued that Nonius lived in the [[Severan dynasty|Severan]] period and can be dated to around A.D. 205–20.<ref>Paul T. Keyser, ''Late Authors in Nonius Marcellus and Other Evidence of His Date'', ''Harvard Studies in Classical Philology'', Vol. 96 (1994), pp. 369–389. pp. 388–9: "The prevailing belief that Nonius must belong roughly to the fourth century A.D. is based on little more than the tendency to presume that an undatable Latin work associated with a Roman aristocrat dates from the fourth century A.D. ... The inference that Nonius is Severan is ... based on ... the otherwise isolated and inexplicable cluster of quotations of authors dated to ca. A.D. 160-210 in the context of Nonius' express preference for the [[auctoritas]] of Republican and Augustan authors. Furthermore, this is supported by some items of contemporary language he records, by his heavy use of rolls rather than [[codex|codices]], and by his designation as a Peripatetic. In the end, one can conclude that he is to be dated to ca. A.D. 205–20."</ref>


==Works==
==Works==
The ''De compendiosa doctrina'' is one of the major sources for lost works of the [[Roman Republic]], including the tragedies of [[Lucius Accius|Accius]] and [[Pacuvius]], the [[Roman satire|satires]] of [[Gaius Lucilius|Lucilius]], and the [[Roman historiography|history]] of [[Lucius Cornelius Sisenna|Sisenna]]. It consists of words, a short definition, and then quotations of authors using the word.<ref>[[W.M.Lindsay]], ''Nonius Marcellus'', St. Andrews University Publications 1, Oxford: Parker (1901), p.1.</ref> It has been printed under a number of titles, including ''De proprietate latini sermonis'' and ''De varia significatione Verborum''. It is one of three major Latin dictionaries preserved from antiquity, along with that of [[Sextus Pompeius Festus|Festus]], which was an epitome of [[Verrius Flaccus]]' work ''De verborum significatu'', and the ''[[Etymologiae]]'' of [[Isidore of Seville]].
The ''De compendiosa doctrina'' is one of the major sources for lost works of the [[Roman Republic]], including the tragedies of [[Lucius Accius|Accius]] and [[Pacuvius]], the [[Roman satire|satires]] of [[Gaius Lucilius|Lucilius]], and the [[Roman historiography|history]] of [[Lucius Cornelius Sisenna|Sisenna]]. It consists of words, a short definition, and then quotations of authors using the word.<ref>[[W. M. Lindsay]], ''Nonius Marcellus'', St. Andrews University Publications 1, Oxford: Parker (1901), p. 1.</ref> It has been printed under a number of titles, including ''De proprietate latini sermonis'' and ''De varia significatione Verborum''. It is one of three major Latin dictionaries preserved from antiquity, along with that of [[Sextus Pompeius Festus|Festus]], which was an epitome of [[Verrius Flaccus]]' work ''De verborum significatu'', and the ''[[Etymologiae]]'' of [[Isidore of Seville]].


The first twelve of Nonius's twenty books are organized grammatically around words or forms of words, and the remaining eight by subject matter such as clothing, weapons, food, etc. Each entry of either type consists of a brief definition and quotations from Republican-era writers, taken from 2nd-century sources, including [[Aulus Gellius]] and [[Fronto]], rather than the original texts. " His ignorance and inattention," notes the ''Cambridge History of Classical Literature'', "diminish but cannot destroy the value of his compilation."<ref>Browning, ''Cambridge History of Classical Literature'', vol. 2: ''Latin Literature'', p.769.</ref>
The first twelve of Nonius's twenty books are organized grammatically around words or forms of words, and the remaining eight by subject matter such as clothing, weapons, food, etc. Each entry of either type consists of a brief definition and quotations from Republican-era writers, taken from 2nd-century sources, including [[Aulus Gellius]] and [[Marcus Cornelius Fronto|Fronto]], rather than the original texts. "His ignorance and inattention," notes the ''Cambridge History of Classical Literature'', "diminish but cannot destroy the value of his compilation."<ref>Browning, ''Cambridge History of Classical Literature'', vol. 2: ''Latin Literature'', p. 769.</ref>


The research of [[W.M.Lindsay]]<ref>''Nonius Marcellus' Dictionary of Republican Latin'', 1901. Reference from Habinek.</ref> and later of Strzelecki<ref>''Paulys Real-Encyclopadie'' 33.882-97. Reference from Habinek.</ref> has shown that Nonius obtained many of his [[lemma (morphology)|lemma]]ta (entries) and the first citation for each from earlier grammatical texts which are now lost. The remainder of the entries and the extra citations belong to 41 books which he either owned or borrowed from a local library. For each section (either a book or a letter entry within a book), Nonius worked through his 41 lists from 41 volumes in the same order, first to find the lead-citation, and then again in order for additional citations. Based on this methodology, it can be determined whether Nonius is quoting an author first-hand, or from a grammar which was full of errors.<ref>Thomas N. Habinek, ''The colometry of Latin prose'', p.115-6. Preview [http://books.google.com/books?id=48nDcNS2OycC&lpg=PA115&dq=nonius%20marcellus&pg=PA115#v=onepage&q=nonius%20marcellus&f=false here].</ref>
The research of [[W. M. Lindsay]]<ref>''Nonius Marcellus' Dictionary of Republican Latin'', 1901. Reference from Habinek.</ref> and later of Strzelecki<ref>''Paulys Real-Encyclopadie'' 33.882-97. Reference from Habinek.</ref> has shown that Nonius obtained many of his [[lemma (morphology)|lemma]]ta (entries) and the first citation for each from earlier grammatical texts which are now lost. The remainder of the entries and the extra citations belong to 41 books which he either owned or borrowed from a local library. For each section (either a book or a letter entry within a book), Nonius worked through his 41 lists from 41 volumes in the same order, first to find the lead-citation, and then again in order for additional citations. Based on this methodology, it can be determined whether Nonius is quoting an author first-hand, or from a grammar which was full of errors.<ref>[[Thomas Habinek|Thomas N. Habinek]], ''The colometry of Latin prose'' (1985), pp. 115–6. Preview [https://books.google.com/books?id=48nDcNS2OycC&dq=nonius+marcellus&pg=PA115 here].</ref>


The ''Doctrina'' preserves fragments from early [[Theatre of ancient Rome|dramatists]], [[annalists]], satirists, and antiquarian writers. In arranging quotations from authors, Nonius always follows the same order, beginning with [[Plautus]] and ending with [[Marcus Terentius Varro|Varro]] and [[Cato the Elder|Cato]]. The grammarians [[Priscian]] and [[Fabius Planciades Fulgentius|Fulgentius]] borrowed largely from his book, and in the 5th century a certain [[Julius Tryphonianus Sabinus]] brought out a revised and annotated edition.<ref>1911 Encyclopædia Britannica entry.</ref>
The ''Doctrina'' preserves fragments from early [[Theatre of ancient Rome|dramatists]], [[annalists]], satirists, and antiquarian writers. In arranging quotations from authors, Nonius always follows the same order, beginning with [[Plautus]] and ending with [[Marcus Terentius Varro|Varro]] and [[Cato the Elder|Cato]]. The grammarians [[Priscian]] and [[Fabius Planciades Fulgentius|Fulgentius]] borrowed largely from his book, and in the 5th century a certain [[Julius Tryphonianus Sabinus]] brought out a revised and annotated edition.<ref>1911 Encyclopædia Britannica entry.</ref>


The ''Doctrina'' was edited with notes by J. Mercier in 1614 at Paris under the title ''De varia significatione Verborum''.<ref>[[George Crabb (writer)|George Crabb]], ''Universal historical dictionary'', volume 2, no page numbers, online [http://books.google.com/books?id=AVdBAAAAcAAJ&dq=nonius%20marcellus%20peripatetic&pg=PT423#v=onepage&q=nonius%20marcellus%20peripatetic&f=false here]: "NONIUS, ''Marcellus'', (Biog.) a grammarian and peripatetic philosopher and a native of Tibur, whose treatise, 'De varia significatione verborum' was edited by Mercer, 8vo, Paris, 1614."</ref> The page numbers of the Mercier edition are used as a reference in later editions (e.g. 121 M. means "page 121 of the Mercier edition").
The ''Doctrina'' was edited with notes by J. Mercier in 1614 at Paris under the title ''De varia significatione Verborum''.<ref>[[George Crabb (writer)|George Crabb]] (1833), ''Universal historical dictionary'', volume 2, no page numbers, online [https://books.google.com/books?id=AVdBAAAAcAAJ&dq=nonius+marcellus+peripatetic&pg=PT423 here]: "NONIUS, ''Marcellus'', (Biog.) a grammarian and peripatetic philosopher and a native of Tibur, whose treatise, 'De varia significatione verborum' was edited by Mercer, 8vo, Paris, 1614."</ref> The page numbers of the Mercier edition are used as a reference in later editions (e.g. 121 M. means "page 121 of the Mercier edition").


Nonius also wrote a volume of letters ''On the neglect of study'', which is lost but to which he refers in the ''Doctrina''.<ref>W.M.Lindsay, ''Nonius Marcellus'', St. Andrews University Publications 1, Oxford: Parker (1901), p.1: "He published a volume of letters 'On the Neglect of Study,' from which he quotes a pompous sentence in illustration of the word ''meridies'' (page 451 of Mercier's edition)."</ref>
Nonius also wrote a volume of letters ''On the neglect of study'', which is lost but to which he refers in the ''Doctrina''.<ref>W. M. Lindsay, ''Nonius Marcellus'', St. Andrews University Publications 1, Oxford: Parker (1901), p. 1: "He published a volume of letters 'On the Neglect of Study,' from which he quotes a pompous sentence in illustration of the word ''meridies'' (p. 451 of Mercier's edition)."</ref>


==Literature==
==Literature==


===Editions===
===Editions===
* [[Lucian Müller|L Müller]] (1888) [http://books.google.com/books?id=JftngzzT4PsC vol. 1], [http://books.google.com/books?id=9YlOAAAAYAAJ vol. 2].
* [[Christophe Plantin]] (1565): [https://books.google.com/books?id=bbU9zPYDLwUC ''(Nonii Marcelli Compendiosa Doctrina ad filium) de Proprietate Sermonum'']
* [[Lucian Müller|L. Müller]] (1888): [https://archive.org/details/compendiosadoctr01noniuoft vol. 1], [https://archive.org/details/compendiosadoctr02noniuoft vol. 2].
* [[J. H. Onions]] (1895)
* [[J. H. Onions]] (1895)
* [[W. M. Lindsay]] (Teubner, 1903) [http://www.archive.org/details/noniimarcellide01oniogoog vol. 1], [http://www.archive.org/details/decompendiosadoc02noniuoft vol. 2], [http://www.archive.org/details/decompendiosadoc03noniuoft vol. 3]
* [[W. M. Lindsay]] (Teubner, 1903, also with Müller's pagination): [https://archive.org/details/noniimarcellide01oniogoog vol. 1], [https://archive.org/details/decompendiosadoc02noniuoft vol. 2], [https://archive.org/details/decompendiosadoc03noniuoft vol. 3].


===Studies===
=== Studies ===
* Articles in the ''Classical Review'', Dec. 1888, June and July 1889.
* Articles in the ''Classical Review'', Dec. 1888, June and July 1889.
* J. H. Onions, ''Classical Review'' Oct. 1890, Oct. 1895, Feb. 1896, Feb. 1902.
* J. H. Onions, ''Classical Review'' Oct. 1890, Oct. 1895, Feb. 1896, Feb. 1902.
* [[W. M. Lindsay]], ''Journal of Philology'', xvi. (1888), xviii. (1890), (JH Onions), xxi. (1893). ("The Printed Editions of Nonius," by [[Henry Nettleship|H Nettleship]])
* [[W. M. Lindsay]], ''Journal of Philology'', xvi. (1888), xviii. (1890), (JH Onions), xxi. (1893). ("The Printed Editions of Nonius," by [[Henry Nettleship]])
* [[W. M. Linday]], 1901 article online at Google books [http://books.google.com/books?id=UTULAAAAIAAJ here]
* [[W. M. Lindsay]], 1901 article online at Google books [https://books.google.com/books?id=UTULAAAAIAAJ here]
* [[Paul Monceaux]], ''Les Africains. Etude sur la littérature latine d'Afrique'' (1894)
* [[Paul Monceaux]], [http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k997854 ''Les Africains. Etude sur la littérature latine d'Afrique : les Païens''], P., Lecène, Oudin & Cie, V+500pp (1894)
* [[Wilhelm Siegmund Teuffel|Teuffel]], ''History of Roman Literature'' (Eng. trans.), 404A;
* [[Wilhelm Siegmund Teuffel|W. S. Teuffel]], ''History of Roman Literature'' (Eng. trans.), 404A;
* [[Martin Schanz]], ''Geschichte der römischen Literatur'', iv. 1 (1904).
* [[Martin Schanz]], ''Geschichte der römischen Literatur'', iv. 1 (1904).


Line 40: Line 42:


==External links==
==External links==
{{wikisource author}}

* Roger Pearse, [http://www.roger-pearse.com/weblog/?p=6091 How the text of Nonius Marcellus reaches us] - Information on manuscripts.
* Roger Pearse, [http://www.roger-pearse.com/weblog/?p=6091 How the text of Nonius Marcellus reaches us] – Information on manuscripts
* [http://www.bl.uk/catalogues/illuminatedmanuscripts/ILLUMIN.ASP?Size=mid&IllID=23834 10th century British Library manuscript of Nonius Marcellus in digital form]
* [http://www.bl.uk/catalogues/illuminatedmanuscripts/ILLUMIN.ASP?Size=mid&IllID=23834 10th century British Library manuscript of Nonius Marcellus in digital form]


{{Authority control}}
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[[Category:Latin grammarians]]
{{DEFAULTSORT:Marcellus, Nonius}}
[[Category:Post–Silver Age Latin writers]]
[[Category:Grammarians of Latin]]
[[Category:4th-century writers in Latin]]
[[Category:Lexicographers]]
[[Category:Lexicographers]]
[[Category:Ancient Roman antiquarians]]
[[Category:Ancient Roman antiquarians]]
[[Category:People from Souk Ahras Province]]
[[Category:People from Souk Ahras Province]]
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[[Category:Nonii]]
[[Category:4th-century Romans]]
[[Category:5th-century Romans]]
[[Category:Year of death unknown]]
[[Category:Year of birth unknown]]


[[Category:Encyclopedias in classical antiquity]]
[[bg:Ноний Марцел]]
[[ca:Noni Marcel]]
[[de:Nonius Marcellus]]
[[es:Nonio Marcelo]]
[[fr:Nonius Marcellus]]
[[it:Nonio Marcello]]
[[uk:Ноній Марцелл]]

Latest revision as of 21:34, 20 October 2023

Nonius Marcellus was a Roman grammarian of the 4th or 5th century AD. His only surviving work is the De compendiosa doctrina, a dictionary or encyclopedia in 20 books that shows his interests in antiquarianism and Latin literature from Plautus to Apuleius. Nonius may have come from Africa.[1]

Life

[edit]

Little is known about Nonius. The full title of his work, Noni Marcelli Peripatetici Tubursicensis de Conpendiosa Doctrina ad filium, indicates that he was a Peripatetic philosopher from Thubursicum in Numidia. An inscription at Thubursicum dedicated by a certain "Nonius Marcellus Herculius" in 323 AD indicates that his family was based in that area.[2] Since Nonius does not mention Christianity and calls himself a peripatetic, he seems not to have converted.[3]

Nonius quotes Aulus Gellius and other 2nd-century compilers, and is himself quoted and praised three times by Priscian in the 5th century, and so must have lived between these dates.[4] According to the Cambridge History of Classical Literature, he was probably active in the first half of the 4th century,[5] although some scholars of the 19th and early 20th centuries thought he might have lived later in the 4th or even in the 5th century.[6] More recently it has been argued that Nonius lived in the Severan period and can be dated to around A.D. 205–20.[7]

Works

[edit]

The De compendiosa doctrina is one of the major sources for lost works of the Roman Republic, including the tragedies of Accius and Pacuvius, the satires of Lucilius, and the history of Sisenna. It consists of words, a short definition, and then quotations of authors using the word.[8] It has been printed under a number of titles, including De proprietate latini sermonis and De varia significatione Verborum. It is one of three major Latin dictionaries preserved from antiquity, along with that of Festus, which was an epitome of Verrius Flaccus' work De verborum significatu, and the Etymologiae of Isidore of Seville.

The first twelve of Nonius's twenty books are organized grammatically around words or forms of words, and the remaining eight by subject matter such as clothing, weapons, food, etc. Each entry of either type consists of a brief definition and quotations from Republican-era writers, taken from 2nd-century sources, including Aulus Gellius and Fronto, rather than the original texts. "His ignorance and inattention," notes the Cambridge History of Classical Literature, "diminish but cannot destroy the value of his compilation."[9]

The research of W. M. Lindsay[10] and later of Strzelecki[11] has shown that Nonius obtained many of his lemmata (entries) and the first citation for each from earlier grammatical texts which are now lost. The remainder of the entries and the extra citations belong to 41 books which he either owned or borrowed from a local library. For each section (either a book or a letter entry within a book), Nonius worked through his 41 lists from 41 volumes in the same order, first to find the lead-citation, and then again in order for additional citations. Based on this methodology, it can be determined whether Nonius is quoting an author first-hand, or from a grammar which was full of errors.[12]

The Doctrina preserves fragments from early dramatists, annalists, satirists, and antiquarian writers. In arranging quotations from authors, Nonius always follows the same order, beginning with Plautus and ending with Varro and Cato. The grammarians Priscian and Fulgentius borrowed largely from his book, and in the 5th century a certain Julius Tryphonianus Sabinus brought out a revised and annotated edition.[13]

The Doctrina was edited with notes by J. Mercier in 1614 at Paris under the title De varia significatione Verborum.[14] The page numbers of the Mercier edition are used as a reference in later editions (e.g. 121 M. means "page 121 of the Mercier edition").

Nonius also wrote a volume of letters On the neglect of study, which is lost but to which he refers in the Doctrina.[15]

Literature

[edit]

Editions

[edit]

Studies

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Matthew Bunson, A Dictionary of the Roman Empire (Oxford University Press, 1995), p. 258.
  2. ^ CIL VIII 4878; W. M. Lindsay, Noni Marcelli, vol. 1, Teubner, 1903, p. xiii.
  3. ^ H. Nettleship, American Journal of Philology Vol. 3, No. 9 (1882), pp. 1-16. pp. 2–3: "His assumption of the title Peripateticus justifies us in concluding further that he was not a Christian; the contents of his book prove that he was an eager student of ancient and classical Latin. He may fairly therefore be classed, for literary purposes, among the non-Christian scholars and antiquarians of the fourth and fifth centuries; with Servius the commentator on Vergil, Macrobius, and the elder Symmachus."
  4. ^ W. M. Lindsay, Noni Marcelli, vol. 1, Teubner, 1903, p. xiii. Note 2 lists references to Nonius by Priscian in Inst. I, p. 35; I. p. 269 and 499.
  5. ^ Robert Browning, "Grammarians," in the Cambridge History of Classical Literature, vol. 2: Latin Literature, 1982, p. 769.
  6. ^ W. M. Lindsay, Nonius Marcellus, St. Andrews University Publications 1, Oxford: Parker (1901), p. 1.
  7. ^ Paul T. Keyser, Late Authors in Nonius Marcellus and Other Evidence of His Date, Harvard Studies in Classical Philology, Vol. 96 (1994), pp. 369–389. pp. 388–9: "The prevailing belief that Nonius must belong roughly to the fourth century A.D. is based on little more than the tendency to presume that an undatable Latin work associated with a Roman aristocrat dates from the fourth century A.D. ... The inference that Nonius is Severan is ... based on ... the otherwise isolated and inexplicable cluster of quotations of authors dated to ca. A.D. 160-210 in the context of Nonius' express preference for the auctoritas of Republican and Augustan authors. Furthermore, this is supported by some items of contemporary language he records, by his heavy use of rolls rather than codices, and by his designation as a Peripatetic. In the end, one can conclude that he is to be dated to ca. A.D. 205–20."
  8. ^ W. M. Lindsay, Nonius Marcellus, St. Andrews University Publications 1, Oxford: Parker (1901), p. 1.
  9. ^ Browning, Cambridge History of Classical Literature, vol. 2: Latin Literature, p. 769.
  10. ^ Nonius Marcellus' Dictionary of Republican Latin, 1901. Reference from Habinek.
  11. ^ Paulys Real-Encyclopadie 33.882-97. Reference from Habinek.
  12. ^ Thomas N. Habinek, The colometry of Latin prose (1985), pp. 115–6. Preview here.
  13. ^ 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica entry.
  14. ^ George Crabb (1833), Universal historical dictionary, volume 2, no page numbers, online here: "NONIUS, Marcellus, (Biog.) a grammarian and peripatetic philosopher and a native of Tibur, whose treatise, 'De varia significatione verborum' was edited by Mercer, 8vo, Paris, 1614."
  15. ^ W. M. Lindsay, Nonius Marcellus, St. Andrews University Publications 1, Oxford: Parker (1901), p. 1: "He published a volume of letters 'On the Neglect of Study,' from which he quotes a pompous sentence in illustration of the word meridies (p. 451 of Mercier's edition)."
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